WO2021135737A1 - 一种交流电动工具 - Google Patents

一种交流电动工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135737A1
WO2021135737A1 PCT/CN2020/131381 CN2020131381W WO2021135737A1 WO 2021135737 A1 WO2021135737 A1 WO 2021135737A1 CN 2020131381 W CN2020131381 W CN 2020131381W WO 2021135737 A1 WO2021135737 A1 WO 2021135737A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
module
voltage
brushless motor
controller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131381
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王槐树
徐天啸
Original Assignee
南京德朔实业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 南京德朔实业有限公司 filed Critical 南京德朔实业有限公司
Publication of WO2021135737A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135737A1/zh
Priority to US17/841,370 priority Critical patent/US20220305615A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B23/00—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor
    • B24B23/02—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor with rotating grinding tools; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B23/00—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor
    • B24B23/02—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor with rotating grinding tools; Accessories therefor
    • B24B23/028—Angle tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/04—Protective covers for the grinding wheel
    • B24B55/05—Protective covers for the grinding wheel specially designed for portable grinding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/04—Protective covers for the grinding wheel
    • B24B55/05—Protective covers for the grinding wheel specially designed for portable grinding machines
    • B24B55/052—Protective covers for the grinding wheel specially designed for portable grinding machines with rotating tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/09—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against over-voltage; against reduction of voltage; against phase interruption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H02K7/145—Hand-held machine tool
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the input power is alternating current, which cannot be used directly to drive the motor. Therefore, it needs to be rectified to convert the alternating current into direct current before it can be used.
  • the motor is an inductive load
  • the rectified voltage is not stable due to freewheeling. The voltage may be lowered when the current is large, and the voltage may be increased during the freewheeling. This leads to the unstable power supply of the weak current part of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) and damages the electronic devices, and the voltage on the bus cannot truly reflect the input voltage.
  • PCBA printed circuit board assembly
  • the present application provides an AC power tool, in which a motor control circuit in the AC power tool realizes a stable output of a weak current voltage, and effectively avoids the impact of high voltage on electronic devices caused by the unstable power supply of the weak current part of the motor.
  • the present application provides an AC electric tool, which includes functional elements for realizing the functions of the electric tool.
  • the first rectifier module is connected to the power module, and is used to connect to the AC power accessed by the power module and to operably output the DC bus voltage.
  • the second rectifier module is electrically connected to the power supply module, and is used to access the AC power accessed by the power supply module and output DC power to at least supply power to the controller.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the voltage detection module, and is used for calculating the rotor position according to the phase voltage to control the driving circuit to drive the brushless motor to work.
  • the input voltage detection module is connected to the second rectification module, and is configured to collect the DC voltage output by the second rectification module and send it to the controller.
  • the controller stops driving the brushless motor when the DC voltage output by the second rectification module is lower than the preset voltage.
  • the second rectifier module includes a second rectifier unit, a second filter unit, a voltage stabilizing chip, and a voltage converter; the second rectifier unit is used to convert the alternating current input from the power module into direct current;
  • the second filter unit is connected to the second rectifying unit to filter the direct current output by the second rectifying unit;
  • the voltage converter is connected to the second filter unit to step down the direct current;
  • the stabilizer The voltage chip is connected with the voltage converter to stabilize the direct current output by the voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter includes a low dropout linear regulator or a DC/DC converter.
  • the first filter unit is a film capacitor.
  • the power module is also connected to the second rectifier module, which solves the problem that the power module in the prior art supplies power to the strong part of the brushless motor and the weak part of the controller and the drive chip at the same time through the first rectifier module.
  • the motor control there is freewheeling in the process of modulation or commutation, which will cause the voltage after the first rectifier module to be unstable, which also causes problems such as instability of the weak current part.
  • the power module is also connected to the second rectifier module, so that the weak current part is not affected by the fluctuation of the bus voltage, and the power supply of the weak current part is stable, effectively avoiding the mutual interference between the strong current and the weak current in the motor control circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an AC power tool angle grinder provided in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a motor control circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is an internal structure diagram of a driving circuit provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of a motor control circuit provided in a second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of a second rectifier module provided in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the functional element 10 is used to realize the function of an electric tool.
  • the functional element is a drill bit.
  • the functional element 10 is a grinding disc, which is used to realize the grinding or cutting function.
  • the shield 11 at least partially covers the functional element 10 to achieve a protective function.
  • the output shaft is used to install or fix the functional element 10.
  • the motor 12 is used to drive the output shaft to rotate.
  • the motor 12 includes a motor shaft, and the output shaft and the motor shaft are connected through a transmission mechanism, and the driving force of the motor shaft is transmitted to the output shaft.
  • the housing 14 is used to install or fix the motor 12.
  • the handle 13 is for the user to hold.
  • the handle 13 can be used as an independent part or can be formed by the housing 14.
  • the housing 14 includes a head housing 141 and a housing 142.
  • the motor 12 is fixed to the casing 142.
  • the head shell 141 is used to install the transmission mechanism.
  • the braking device 15 is arranged between the handle 13 and the motor 12 and can quickly brake the motor shaft. When the user needs to stop the rotation of the functional element 10, the braking device 15 stops the motor 12 in a short time to avoid danger.
  • the present embodiment relates to the angle grinder 100, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the disclosed embodiment, but can be applied to other types of electric tools. For example, it can be other AC power tool sanders, electric drills, electric wrenches, etc.
  • the AC power unit 16 is used to connect AC power to power the angle grinder 100.
  • the AC power unit 16 includes an AC power plug and a peripheral circuit electrically connected to the AC power plug.
  • the AC power plug is inserted into the AC power socket to access AC mains power, thereby providing a source of power for the electric tool.
  • the AC power unit 16 includes other structures and peripheral circuits that can be connected to AC power.
  • the AC power plug is connected to a movable substation to connect to the AC power. It should be noted that the AC power unit 16 only needs to be able to connect to AC power, and the specific structure and form are not limited here.
  • the value range of the alternating current that the alternating current unit 16 can access is 110V-130V or 210V-230V.
  • the angle grinder 100 also includes an operating switch 17 for turning on or turning off the motor 12.
  • the motor 12 is started when the operation switch 17 is triggered, and the motor 12 is turned off when the operation switch 17 is released.
  • the operation switch 17 is provided on the handle 13.
  • the AC electric tool includes a brushless motor 20 for driving functional elements.
  • the brushless motor includes a stator winding and a rotor.
  • the voltage detection module 307 is electrically connected to the brushless motor 20 to detect the phase voltage of the brushless motor 20; the controller 304 is electrically connected to the voltage detection module 307 and is used to calculate the rotor position according to the phase voltage to control the drive circuit 303 to drive the motor The brush motor 20 works.
  • the power sub-module 308 is electrically connected to the second rectifier module 306 and the controller 304 respectively, and is used to supply power to the controller 304.
  • the brushless motor 20 may be a three-phase brushless motor, including a rotor with permanent magnets and three-phase stator windings U, V, W that are commutated electronically.
  • the three-phase stator windings U, V, and W are connected in a star shape (as shown in FIG. 2) or an angular connection. This embodiment does not limit the connection mode of the three-phase stator windings of the motor.
  • the motor control circuit 30 includes a power module 301 for connecting AC power to supply power to the stator windings; in some embodiments, the power module 301 includes an AC plug and a peripheral circuit electrically connected to the AC plug. Wherein, the AC power plug is inserted into the AC power socket to access the AC mains power, so as to provide an electric power source for the brushless motor 20.
  • the power module 301 is connected to the first rectifier module 302, and the power module 301 is connected to the second rectifier module 306.
  • the first rectifier module 302 and the second rectifier module 306 are used to convert the alternating current connected to the power module 301 into direct current.
  • the motor control circuit further includes a drive chip 305
  • the drive circuit 303 is electrically connected to the first rectifier module 302, and outputs direct current
  • the controller 304 is configured to control the drive circuit 303 to drive the brushless motor 20 to work.
  • the driving chip 305 is used to control the on or off state of the electronic switch in the driving circuit 304.
  • the driving chip 305 is connected in series between the controller 304 and the driving circuit 303, and controls the on or off state of the electronic switch in the driving circuit 303 according to the control signal from the controller 304.
  • the driving chip 305 is shown as being separated from the controller 304. In other embodiments, the driving chip 305 and the controller 304 may be integrated as a whole.
  • the drive circuit 303 is used to drive the brushless motor 20. Driven by the drive signal output by the drive chip 305, the power of the DC pulsating voltage is distributed to each phase winding on the motor stator in a certain logical relationship, so as to start the motor and generate continuous Constant torque.
  • FIG. 3 is an internal structure diagram of the driving circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application, and the driving circuit 303 includes a plurality of electronic switches.
  • the electronic switch includes a field effect transistor (FET), and in other embodiments, the electronic switch includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IG-BT) and the like.
  • the driving circuit 303 is a three-phase bridge circuit.
  • the driving circuit 303 includes three driving switches Q1, Q3, Q5 provided as high-side switches and three driving switches Q2, Q4, Q6 provided as low-side switches.
  • Three drive switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 as high-end switches are respectively arranged between the power supply line and each phase coil of the motor.
  • Three switching elements Q2, Q4, and Q6 as low-side switches are respectively arranged between each phase coil of the motor and the ground.
  • the driving chip 305 is used to control the on or off state of the electronic switch in the driving circuit 303.
  • the driving chip 305 is connected in series between the controller 304 and the driving circuit 303, and controls the on or off state of the electronic switch in the driving circuit 304 according to the control signal from the controller 304.
  • the driving chip 52 is shown as being separated from the controller 51. In other embodiments, the driving core 52 and the controller 51 may be integrated as a whole.
  • the voltage detection module 307 is used to detect the phase voltage of the brushless motor 20 and send it to the controller 304.
  • the controller 304 calculates the position of the rotor.
  • the controller 304 outputs control signals based on different rotor positions to control the drive circuit 303 to switch and drive.
  • the state causes the magnetic field generated by the stator winding to rotate to drive the rotor to rotate, and finally to drive the brushless motor 20.
  • the rotor position is configured to estimate the rotor position of the brushless motor at least according to the phase voltage of the brushless motor 20 and the current of the stator winding.
  • the inductance value of the stator winding is estimated based on the phase voltage of the brushless motor 20 and the current of the stator winding, and a one-to-one matching relationship between the inductance value and the rotor position is established, and the rotor position is obtained accordingly.
  • the power sub-module 308 is used to supply power to the driver chip 305 and the controller 304, and the power sub-module 308 is connected to the second rectifier module 306 to reduce the voltage output by the second rectifier module 306 to adapt to the controller 304 and the driver chip.
  • the working voltage of 305 for example, the voltage output by the second rectifier module 306 is 220V, and the voltage output by the power sub-module 308 is 15V for the controller 304 and the driving chip 305 to work.
  • the controller 304 stops driving the brushless motor 20 when the DC voltage output by the second rectifier module 306 is lower than the preset voltage.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit block diagram of the second rectifying module provided in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the second rectifying module 306 includes a second rectifying unit 3061, a second filtering unit 3062, and a voltage stabilizing chip 3063. And a voltage converter 3064; the second rectifier unit 3061 is used to convert the alternating current input from the power module 301 into direct current; the second filter unit 3062 is connected with the second rectifier unit 3061 to filter the direct current output by the second rectifier 3061 unit; voltage converter 3063 is used to step down the direct current output from the second filtering unit 3062; the voltage stabilizer 3064 is connected to the voltage converter 3063 and is used to stabilize the direct current output from the voltage converter 3063.
  • the first rectifier module 302 may be a small rectifier bridge, which converts the connected AC power into DC power, and the first filter unit 3021 may include a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel.
  • the first filter unit 3022 is a film capacitor.
  • the filter capacitor is used to filter the pulsating direct current from the rectifier circuit.
  • the filter capacitor is a small electrolytic capacitor.
  • the filter capacitor is a film capacitor.
  • the value range of the capacitance C of the filter capacitor is 1.46Y ⁇ F ⁇ C ⁇ 6Y ⁇ F, where Y is the rated current of the AC power tool, and the unit is A.
  • the film capacitor has high withstand voltage and is not easy to be damaged by high voltage, which is more conducive to ensuring the service life of electric tools.
  • the AC power tool in the embodiment of the present application includes a functional element 10, a brushless motor 20, and a motor control circuit 30.
  • the motor control circuit includes a power module 301, a first rectifier module 302, a second rectifier module 306, a drive circuit 303, and a drive chip.
  • the brushless motor 20 used to drive the functional element, the brushless motor includes stator winding and rotor; power module 301, used to connect AC power is used to supply power to the stator windings; the first rectification module 302 is used to connect to the AC power accessed by the power module 301 and operatively output the DC bus voltage; the driving circuit 303 is connected to the first rectification module 302 and the brushless
  • the motor 20 is electrically connected to drive the brushless motor 20;
  • the controller 304 is electrically connected to the drive chip 305, the drive chip 305 is electrically connected to the drive circuit 303, and the controller 304 is configured to control the drive circuit 303 through the drive chip 305
  • the brushless motor 20 is driven to work.
  • the second rectifier module 306 is electrically connected to the power module 301, and is used to connect the AC power supplied by the power module 301 and output DC power to supply power to the controller 304 and the driving chip 305.
  • the power module 301 is also connected to the second rectifier module 306, so that the weak current part is not affected by the fluctuation of the bus voltage, and the power supply of the weak current part is stable, effectively avoiding the mutual interference between the strong current and the weak current in the motor control circuit.
  • the input voltage detection module 309 is connected to the second rectification module 306, and the controller 304 determines whether the output DC voltage is a safe voltage and then drives the brushless motor to work through the drive circuit, which provides undervoltage protection for the motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

一种交流电动工具，包括功能元件（10）、无刷电机（20）、电机控制电路（30），功能元件，用于实现电动工具的功能；无刷电机，用于驱动功能元件，无刷电机包括定子绕组和转子；电机控制电路包括：电源模块（301），用于接入交流电以为定子绕组供电；第一整流模块（302），用于接入电源模块接入的交流电并可操作地输出直流总线电压；驱动电路（303），用于驱动无刷电机；控制器（304），被配置为控制驱动电路驱动无刷电机工作；第二整流模块（306），与电源模块电连接，用于将接入的交流电输出直流电至少为控制器供电。电源模块还与第二整流模块相连，使得弱电部分不因为母线电压的波动而产生影响，弱电部分供电稳定，有效避免了电机弱电部分供电不稳导致的高压对电子器件的影响。

Description

一种交流电动工具
本申请要求在2019年12月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911410514.3的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动工具技术，例如涉及一种交流电动工具。
背景技术
目前，对于高压无刷产品，输入电源为交流电，无法直接使用来驱动电机，因此需要经过整流将交流电变为直流电才能使用。但是由于电机为感性负载，电机控制在调制或者换相的过程中，因为存在续流，所以导致整流后的电压并不稳定，大电流时可能会拉低电压，续流时又可能抬升电压，这就导致印刷版组件(Printed Circuit Board Assembly,PCBA)中的弱电部分供电不稳而损坏电子器件，而且母线上的电压也无法真实反映输入电压情况。
相关技术中，交流电动工具中通常采用一组整流电路对电机控制系统进行整流，弱电部分电流依然不稳定，电压过高，容易损坏控制电路的电子器件。也无法真实反映母线电压，达不到实时检测母线电压进入欠压保护，而损坏电机。因此，需要一种合适的电路方案，来确保弱电部分供电稳定。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种交流电动工具，该交流电动工具中电机控制电路实现了弱电电压的稳定输出，有效避免了电机弱电部分供电不稳导致的高压对电子器件的影响。
本申请提供了一种交流电动工具，该交流工具包括功能元件，用于实现电动工具的功能。
无刷电机，用于驱动所述功能元件，所述无刷电机包括定子绕组和转子。
电机控制电路，包括：
电源模块，用于接入交流电以为所述定子绕组供电。
第一整流模块，与电源模块相连，用于接入所述电源模块接入的交流电并可操作地输出直流总线电压。
驱动电路，分别与所述第一整流模块和无刷电机电性连接，用于驱动所述 无刷电机。
控制器，被配置为控制所述驱动电路驱动所述无刷电机工作。
第二整流模块，与所述电源模块电连接，用于接入所述电源模块接入的交流电并输出直流电至少为所述控制器供电。
可选的，还包括：电压检测模块，与所述无刷电机电连接，用于检测所述无刷电机的相电压。
所述控制器与所述电压检测模块电连接，用于根据所述相电压计算转子位置以控制所述驱动电路驱动所述无刷电机工作。
可选的，还包括：电源子模块，分别与所述第二整流模块和所述控制器电性连接，以将所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压转换为适配于所述控制器的供电电压输出。
可选的，还包括输入电压检测模块；所述输入电压检测模块与所述第二整流模块相连，用于采集所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压并发送至所述控制器。
可选的，所述控制器在所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压低于所述预设电压时，所述控制器停止驱动所述无刷电机。
可选的，所述预设电压的范围为：220V-230V。
可选的，所述第二整流模块包括第二整流单元、第二滤波单元、稳压芯片及电压转换器；所述第二整流单元用于将所述电源模块输入的交流电转换为直流电；所述第二滤波单元与所述第二整流单元连接以为所述第二整流单元输出的直流电滤波；所述电压转换器与所述所述第二滤波单元连接以为所述直流电降压；所述稳压芯片与所述电压转化器相连用于为所述电压转换器输出的直流电稳压。
可选的，所述电压转换器包括低压差线性稳压器或者直流/直流转换器。
可选的，所述第一整流模块包括第一整流单元和第一滤波单元，所述第一整流单元用于将所述电源模块接入的交流电转换为直流电；所述第一滤波单元与所述第一整流单元连接以为所述第一整流单元输出的直流电滤波。
可选的，所述第一滤波单元为薄膜电容。
本方案中电源模块还与所述第二整流模块相连，解决了现有技术中电源模块经过第一整流模块同时为无刷电机强电部分供电还为控制器及驱动芯片弱电部分供电，无刷电机控制在调制或者换相的过程中存在续流，会导致第一整流模块后的电压并不稳定，也就造成了弱电部分不稳定等问题。电源模块还与所述第二整流模块相连，使得弱电部分不因为母线电压的波动而产生影响，弱电 部分供电稳定，有效避免了电机控制电路中强电与弱电之间的相互干扰。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的交流电动工具角磨结构图；
图2为本申请实施例一提供的电机控制电路的结构框图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的驱动电路的内部结构图；
图4是本申请实施例二提供的电机控制电路的结构框图；
图5是本申请实施例二提供的第二整流模块的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
实施例一
图1是本申请实施例一提供的交流电动工具中角磨结构图；如图1所示，角磨100包括：功能元件10，护罩11、输出轴(未示出)、电机12、把手13、传动机构(未示出)、壳体14、制动装置15和交流电单元16。
功能元件10用于实现电动工具的功能，在电钻中，功能元件为钻头。在此实施例中，功能元件10为打磨盘，用于实现打磨或切割功能。护罩11至少部分覆盖在功能元件10上以实现防护功能。输出轴用于安装或固定功能元件10。电机12用于驱动输出轴转动。具体而言，电机12包括电机轴，通过传动机构连接输出轴和电机轴，将电机轴的驱动力传递至输出轴。壳体14用于安装或固定电机12。把手13供用户握持。把手13可以作为独立的零件也可以由壳体14形成。壳体14包括头壳141和机壳142。电机12固定至机壳142上。头壳141用于安装传动机构。制动装置15设置在把手13和电机12之间，能够快速制动电机轴。用户在需要停止功能元件10的转动时，制动装置15使电机12在短时间内停止，避免危险发生。虽然本实施例涉及到角磨100，但是应该理解本申请不限于所公开的实施例，而是可应用于其他类型的电动工具。例如可以是其他交流电动工具砂光机、电钻、电扳手等。
交流电单元16用于接入交流电以为角磨100供电。在一些实施例中，交流电单元16包括交流电插头和与交流电插头电性连接的外围电路。其中，交流电插头插入交流电插座以接入交流市电，从而为电动工具提供电能来源。在另一 实施例中，交流电单元16包括其它的能够接入交流电的结构形式及外围电路，例如，交流电插头接入可移动的变电站等方式接入交流电。需要说明的是，交流电单元16只需满足能够接入交流电即可，具体的结构和形式，在此不作限制。其中，交流电单元16能接入的交流电的取值范围为110V～130V或210V～230V。
角磨100还包括操作开关17用于启动或关闭电机12。当操作开关17触发时电机12启动，当操作开关17被释放时电机12关闭。操作开关17设置于把手13。
图2是本申请实施例一提供的电机控制电路的结构框图；本申请实施例中交流电动工具包括无刷电机20，用于驱动功能元件，无刷电机包括定子绕组和转子，该电动工具还包括电机控制电路，电机控制电路包括：电源模块301，用于接入交流电以为定子绕组供电；第一整流模块302，与电源模块301相连，用于接入电源模块301接入的交流电并可操作地输出直流总线电压；驱动电路303，分别与第一整流模块302和无刷电机20电性连接，用于驱动无刷电机20；控制器304，与驱动电路303电连接，控制器304被配置为控制驱动电路303驱动无刷电机20工作；第二整流模块306，与电源模块301电连接，用于接入电源模块301接入的交流电并输出直流电为控制器304供电。电压检测模块307，与无刷电机20电连接，用于检测无刷电机20的相电压；控制器304与电压检测模块307电连接，用于根据相电压计算转子位置以控制驱动电路303驱动无刷电机20工作。电源子模块308，分别与第二整流模块306和控制器304电性连接，用于为控制器304供电。
其中，无刷电机20可以为三相无刷电机，包括具有永磁体的转子和以电子方式换向的三相定子绕组U、V、W。示例性的，三相定子绕组U、V、W之间采用星型连接(如图2所示)或角型连接，本实施例对电机三相定子绕组的连接方式不作限定。
其中，参照图2，电机控制电路30包括电源模块301，用于接入交流电以为定子绕组供电；在一些实施例中，电源模块301包括交流电插头和与交流电插头电性连接的外围电路。其中，交流电插头插入交流电插座以接入交流市电，从而为无刷电机20提供电能来源。
其中，电源模块301与第一整流模块302相连，电源模块301与第二整流模块306相连，第一整流模块302和第二整流模块306用于将电源模块301接入的交流电转换为直流电。
其中，参照图2，电机控制电路还包括驱动芯片305，驱动电路303与第一整流模块302电连接，输出直流电，控制器304被配置为控制驱动电路303驱动无刷电机20工作。驱动芯片305用于控制驱动电路304中的电子开关的导通 或关断状态。驱动芯片305串联在控制器304和驱动电路303之间，根据来自控制器304的控制信号，控制驱动电路303中电子开关导通或关断的状态。本实施例中，驱动芯片305被示出为与控制器304分离。在其他实施例中，驱动芯片305和控制器304可以集成为一个整体。
驱动电路303用于驱动无刷电机20，在驱动芯片305输出的驱动信号的驱动下将直流脉动电压的功率以一定的逻辑关系分配给电机定子上的各相绕组，以使电机启动并产生持续不断的转矩。其中，图3是本申请实施例一提供的驱动电路的内部结构图，驱动电路303包括多个电子开关。在一些实施例中，电子开关包括场效应晶体管(FET)，在另一些实施例中，电子开关包括绝缘栅双极晶体管(IG-BT)等。参照图3，在一些实施例中，驱动电路303为三相桥式电路。驱动电路303包括作为高侧开关设置的三个驱动开关Q1、Q3、Q5和作为低侧开关设置的三个驱动开关Q2、Q4、Q6。
作为高端开关的三个驱动开关Q1、Q3、Q5分别设在供电线与电机的各相线圈之间。作为低端开关的三个开关元件Q2、Q4、Q6分别设在电机的各相线圈与地线之间。
六个驱动开关Q1-Q6的各个栅极端UH、UL、VH、VL、WH、WL与控制器27电性连接，驱动开关的每个漏极或源极与电机的定子绕组连接。驱动开关Q1-Q6依据控制器304输出的控制信号以一定频率改变导通或关断状态，从而改变电源模块301加载在无刷电机20绕组上的功率状态。
驱动芯片305用于控制驱动电路303中的电子开关的导通或关断状态。驱动芯片305串联在控制器304和驱动电路303之间，根据来自控制器304的控制信号，控制驱动电路304中电子开关导通或关断的状态。可以理解的是，在本实施例中，驱动芯片52被示出为与控制器51分离，在其他实施例中，驱动芯52和控制器51可以集成为一个整体。
需要说明的是，驱动电路303是用于通过切换对电机的各相绕组的通电状态、控制各相绕组各自的通电电流来使电机旋转驱动的电路。各相绕组导通顺序和时间取决于转子的位置。为了使无刷电机20转动，驱动电路303具有多个驱动状态，在一个驱动状态下电机的定子绕组会产生一个磁场，控制器304基于不同的转子位置输出控制信号以控制驱动电路303切换驱动状态使定子绕组产生的磁场转动以驱动转子转动，进而实现对无刷电机20的驱动。
其中，电压检测模块307用于检测无刷电机20的相电压并发送至控制器304，控制器304计算得到转子的位置，控制器304基于不同的转子位置输出控制信号以控制驱动电路303切换驱动状态使定子绕组产生的磁场转动以驱动转子转动，最终实现对无刷电机20的驱动。
其中，电压检测模块307为电压传感器，在另一些实施例中，电压检测模块307包括分压电阻的电压检测电路。电机控制电路还包括电流检测模块(未示出)，用于检测加载至定子绕组的电流。
需要说明的是，转子位置被配置为至少依据无刷电机20的相电压和定子绕组的电流估算无刷电机的转子位置。例如，依据无刷电机20的相电压和定子绕组的电流估算出定子绕组的电感值，建立电感值与转子位置的一一匹配关，据此以获取转子的位置。
其中，电源子模块308用于为驱动芯片305和控制器304供电，电源子模块308与第二整流模块306相连，将第二整流模块306输出的电压降至适配于控制器304和驱动芯片305工作的电压，示例性的，第二整流模块306输出的电压为220V,经过电源子模块308输出的电压为15V以为控制器304和驱动芯片305工作。
其中，相关技术中，电源模块301经过第一整流模块302同时为电机强电部分和控制器304及驱动芯片305弱电部分供电，电机控制在调制或者换相的过程中存在续流，会导致第一整流模块302后的电压并不稳定，也就造成了弱电部分不稳定等问题，而本方案中电源模块301与第二整流模块306相连，经过电源子模块308给控制器304和驱动芯片305进行供电，使得弱电部分不因为母线电压的波动而产生影响，弱电部分供电稳定，有效避免了电机控制电路中强电与弱电之间的相互干扰。
实施例二
图4是本申请实施例二提供的一种电机控制电路的结构框图，在上述实施例的基础上进一步优化，可选的，该电机控制电路还包括输入电压检测模块309；输入电压检测模块309与第二整流模块306相连，用于采集第二整流模块306输出的直流电压并发送至控制器304。
可选的，控制器在第二整流模块306输出的直流电压低于预设电压时，控制器304停止驱动无刷电机20。
可选的，预设电压的范围为：210V-230V。
其中，输入电压检测模块309采集第二整流模块306输出的直流电压，并将直流电压发送至控制器304，控制器304判断输入的直流电压是否是安全电压，若是安全电压，控制器304根据输出的直流电压控制驱动电路303驱动电机20工作。若控制器304判断输出的直流电压不是安全电压，则无刷电机20进入欠压保护状态。保证整个电机控制电路中模块不会烧坏。
可选的，图5是本申请实施例二提供的第二整流模块的电路框图，如图5 所示，第二整流模块306包括第二整流单元3061、第二滤波单元3062、稳压芯片3063及电压转换器3064；第二整流单元3061用于将电源模块301输入的交流电转换为直流电；第二滤波单元3062与第二整流单元3061连接以为第二整流3061单元输出的直流电滤波；电压转化器3063用于为第二滤波单元3062输出的直流电降压；稳压器3064与电压转化器3063相连，用于为电压转化器3063输出的直流电稳压。
其中，第二整流模块306与电源模块301相连，然后经过电源子模块308为控制器304和驱动芯片305供电，解决了现有技术中电源模块301经过第一整流模块302同时为电机强电部分和控制器304及驱动芯片305弱电部分供电，电机控制在调制或者换相的过程中存在续流，会导致第一整流模块302后的电压并不稳定，也就造成了弱电部分不稳定等问题。
其中，第二整流单元3061包括整流桥。第二滤波单元3062可以为并联在整流桥两端的电容。电压转换器3064包括低压差线性稳压器LDO或者DC/DC直流/直流转换器。
可选的，参照图4，第一整流模块302包括第一整流单元3021和第一滤波单元3022，第一整流单元3021用于将电源模块301接入的交流电转换为直流电；第一滤波单元3022与第一整流单元3021连接以为第一整流单元3021输出的直流电滤波。
其中，示例性的，第一整流模块302可以为小整流桥，将接入的交流电转换为直流电，第一滤波单元3021可以包括多个并联的电容。
可选的，所述第一滤波单元3022为薄膜电容。
其中，滤波电容用于为来自整流电路的脉动直流电滤波。在一些实施例中，滤波电容为小电解电容。在另一些实施例中，滤波电容是薄膜电容。滤波电容的容值C的取值范围为1.46YμF≤C≤6YμF，其中Y为交流电动工具的额定电流，单位为A。薄膜电容耐压高不容易高压损坏，更有利于保证电动工具的使用寿命。
本申请实施例中交流电动工具包括功能元件10、无刷电机20、电机控制电路30，其中电机控制电路包括电源模块301、第一整流模块302、第二整流模块306、驱动电路303、驱动芯片305及控制器304，功能元件10，用于实现电动工具的功能；无刷电机20，用于驱动所述功能元件，所述无刷电机包括定子绕组和转子；电源模块301，用于接入交流电以为所述定子绕组供电；第一整流模块302，用于接入所述电源模块301接入的交流电并可操作地输出直流总线电压；驱动电路303，分别与第一整流模块302和无刷电机20电性连接，用于驱动无 刷电机20；控制器304，与驱动芯片305电连接，驱动芯片305与驱动电路303电连接，控制器304，被配置为通过驱动芯片305控制驱动电路303驱动无刷电机20工作。第二整流模块306，与电源模块301电连接，用于接入电源模块301接入的交流电并输出直流电为控制器304和驱动芯片305供电。本方案中电源模块301还与第二整流模块306相连，使得弱电部分不因为母线电压的波动而产生影响，弱电部分供电稳定，有效避免了电机控制电路中强电与弱电之间的相互干扰。输入电压检测模块309与第二整流模块306相连，控制器304根据输出的直流电压并判断是否为安全电压进而通过驱动电路驱动无刷电机工作，起到了对电机的欠压保护。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种交流电动工具，包括：
    功能元件，用于实现电动工具的功能；
    无刷电机，用于驱动所述功能元件，所述无刷电机包括定子绕组和转子；
    电机控制电路，包括：
    电源模块，用于接入交流电以为所述定子绕组供电；
    第一整流模块，与电源模块相连，用于接入所述电源模块接入的交流电并可操作地输出直流总线电压；
    驱动电路，分别与所述第一整流模块和无刷电机电性连接，用于驱动所述无刷电机；
    控制器，被配置为控制所述驱动电路驱动所述无刷电机工作；
    第二整流模块，与所述电源模块电连接，用于接入所述电源模块接入的交流电并输出直流电至少为所述控制器供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的交流电动工具，
    还包括：电压检测模块，与所述无刷电机电连接，用于检测所述无刷电机的相电压；
    所述控制器与所述电压检测模块电连接，用于根据所述相电压计算转子位置以控制所述驱动电路驱动所述无刷电机工作。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的交流电动工具，
    还包括：电源子模块，分别与所述第二整流模块和所述控制器电性连接，以将所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压转换为适配于所述控制器的供电电压输出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的交流电动工具，还包括输入电压检测模块；所述输入电压检测模块与所述第二整流模块相连，用于采集所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压并发送至所述控制器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的交流电动工具，其中，
    所述控制器在所述第二整流模块输出的直流电压低于所述预设电压时，所述控制器停止驱动所述无刷电机。
  6. 据权利要求5所述的交流电动工具，其中，
    所述预设电压的范围为：210V-230V。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的交流电动工具，其中，所述第二整流模块包括第 二整流单元、第二滤波单元、稳压芯片及电压转换器；所述第二整流单元用于将所述电源模块输入的交流电转换为直流电；所述第二滤波单元与所述第二整流单元连接以为所述第二整流单元输出的直流电滤波；所述电压转换器与所述所述第二滤波单元连接以为所述直流电降压；所述稳压芯片与所述电压转化器相连用于为所述电压转换器输出的直流电稳压。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的交流电动工具，其中，所述电压转换器包括低压差线性稳压器或者直流/直流转换器。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的交流电动工具，其中，所述第一整流模块包括第一整流单元和第一滤波单元，所述第一整流单元用于将所述电源模块接入的交流电转换为直流电；所述第一滤波单元与所述第一整流单元连接以为所述第一整流单元输出的直流电滤波。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的交流电动工具，其中，所述第一滤波单元为薄膜电容。
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