WO2021134975A1 - 一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法 - Google Patents

一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134975A1
WO2021134975A1 PCT/CN2020/084566 CN2020084566W WO2021134975A1 WO 2021134975 A1 WO2021134975 A1 WO 2021134975A1 CN 2020084566 W CN2020084566 W CN 2020084566W WO 2021134975 A1 WO2021134975 A1 WO 2021134975A1
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main
drum
auxiliary
fixedly connected
base
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PCT/CN2020/084566
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English (en)
French (fr)
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殷文元
谢善忠
王于乐
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江苏万力机械股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021134975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134975A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of crankshaft outer diameter measurement, and more specifically, to a high-efficiency measuring device for the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft and a measuring method thereof.
  • the crankshaft is the most important component in the engine. It bears the force transmitted by the connecting rod and converts it into torque to output through the crankshaft and drive other accessories on the engine to work.
  • the crankshaft is subjected to the combined action of the centrifugal force of the rotating mass, the periodic gas inertial force and the reciprocating inertial force, so that the curved bearing is subjected to the bending torsion load. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and rigidity. Good balance.
  • the structure of the crankshaft is generally composed of a main journal, a connecting rod journal, a crank, a balance weight, a front end and a rear end.
  • the main journal and connecting rod neck need to be ground, and the outer diameter of the machined journal and connecting rod neck needs to be inspected online to determine the degree of machining and improve the machining accuracy.
  • the measurement principle of the laser diameter gauge there are high-speed rotating HeNe laser transmitters and laser receivers in the left and right boxes.
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter is processed into parallel light by a set of lenses.
  • the workpiece only needs to block the beam and on the receiver A signal is generated, and the signal is transmitted to a special computer processor through a photoelectric sensor, and the measured diameter value, roundness beating and other parameters can be read out.
  • the laser diameter gauge is a high-precision, non-contact size measuring instrument , It obtains the size of the measured target through the scanning of the laser beam, which is suitable for measuring hot, soft, fragile, and other objects that are not easy to measure by traditional methods. It is widely used in online measurement in production and special cables, wires and cables. , Electromagnetic wire, enameled wire, optical fiber, micro-drawing, fiber rubber tube, rubber rod, glass tube and other wire, rod, tube, mechanical and electronic components of the outer diameter dimension non-destructive measurement and control.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency measuring device and measuring method for the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft, which can complete all main journals and connecting rod journals on a multi-cylinder crankshaft at one time.
  • the measurement process of the outer diameter of the crankshaft is mechanically operated, which saves time and effort, has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, improves the entire machining accuracy of the crankshaft, and provides a basic guarantee for putting it into use.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a high-efficiency measuring device for the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft comprising a base and a main control machine, the main control machine is located on one side of the base, and a laser diameter gauge is arranged on the upper side of the base.
  • Linear guide rails are connected between the bases, the upper side of the base is also provided with a main support and a secondary support, the lower end of the main support is fixedly connected with the upper end of the base, and the upper end of the main support is rotatably connected with the main support
  • a rotating drum, one end of the main rotating drum far away from the auxiliary support is fixedly connected with a suction pump, the inner side wall of the main rotating drum is provided with a long hole, and the output end of the suction pump is fixedly connected with an air pipe, the air pipe Fixedly connected to the inside of the long hole, the main support is provided with a motor on the side away from the auxiliary support, the motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base, and a transmission belt is drivingly connected between
  • the present invention can complete the measurement of the outer diameters of all main journals and connecting rod journals on a multi-cylinder crankshaft at one time.
  • the measurement process is mechanically operated, which saves time and effort, has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, improves the entire machining accuracy of the crankshaft, and provides a basic guarantee for putting it into use.
  • the upper inner wall of the main drum is provided with a main screw hole, and the inner thread of the main screw hole is screwed with a main bolt.
  • the main bolt can strengthen the fixing of the end of the crankshaft, so that the main drum can smoothly drive the crankshaft. Turn to complete the measurement work.
  • the upper inner wall of the auxiliary drum is provided with auxiliary screw holes, and the internal thread of the auxiliary screw holes is threaded with auxiliary bolts.
  • the auxiliary bolts can also strengthen the fixing of the end of the crankshaft and strengthen the connection between the crankshaft and the auxiliary drum. The stability of the time, so that the crankshaft can smoothly drive the rotation of the auxiliary drum when the crankshaft rotates, and enhance the stability of the crankshaft rotation.
  • the inner walls of the main drum and the auxiliary drum are fixedly connected with rubber pads.
  • the rubber pads can increase friction, thereby increasing the stability between the main drum and the auxiliary drum and the crankshaft.
  • the laser diameter gauge includes a transmitting module, a receiving module, and a connecting module.
  • the connecting module is fixedly connected between the transmitting module and the receiving module.
  • the parallel beams emitted by the transmitting module are directed to the receiving module, they are caused by the crankshaft. Blocking a part makes the light beam received by the receiving module incomplete, and the output signal has a notch, and the size of the notch is the size of the measured part.
  • the linear guide rail includes a pair of sliding rails fixedly connected to the upper end of the base, the pair of sliding rails are respectively located on both sides of the main support, and the lower ends of the transmitting module and the receiving module are fixedly connected with electric sliders ,
  • the electric sliding block is slidably connected with the sliding rail, the electric sliding block is electrically connected with the main controller, and the electric sliding block is activated by the main control machine to slide on the sliding rail, thereby driving the laser caliper to perform linear movement, Complete the measurement of the crankshaft.
  • the upper ends of the main support and the auxiliary support are both provided with arc-shaped grooves, the main drum and the auxiliary drum are respectively connected to the inside of a pair of arc-shaped grooves, and the main drum and the auxiliary drum are respectively connected to the inside of a pair of arc-shaped grooves.
  • the diameter of the outer ring is larger than the aperture diameter of the corresponding arc-shaped groove, the main drum and the auxiliary drum cannot be taken out from the corresponding arc-shaped groove upward, and the outer surfaces of the main drum and the auxiliary drum are both provided with an annular shape
  • the inner surfaces of the arc-shaped grooves are all fixedly connected with a limit ring, and the limit ring is rotatably connected with the annular groove, so that the main drum and the auxiliary drum can rotate stably on the main support and the auxiliary support, which is not easy Perform horizontal movement while rotating.
  • a method for measuring the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft with a high-efficiency measuring device including the following steps:
  • the technician inserts the front and rear ends of the multi-cylinder crankshaft to be tested into the main drum and the auxiliary drum, and starts the suction pump through the main control computer to initially fix the multi-cylinder crankshaft, and then separate the main bolt and the auxiliary bolt Installed on the main drum and the auxiliary drum to further fix the multi-cylinder crankshaft;
  • This solution can complete the measurement of the outer diameters of all main journals and connecting rod journals on a multi-cylinder crankshaft at one time.
  • the measurement process is mechanically operated, which saves time and labor, has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, and improves the crankshaft.
  • the entire processing accuracy of the, provides a basic guarantee for putting into use.
  • the upper inner wall of the main drum is provided with a main screw hole.
  • the inner thread of the main screw hole is connected with a main bolt.
  • the main bolt can strengthen the fixing of the end of the crankshaft, so that the main drum can smoothly drive the crankshaft to rotate and complete the measurement work. .
  • the upper inner wall of the auxiliary drum is provided with auxiliary screw holes.
  • the internal thread of the auxiliary screw holes is connected with auxiliary bolts.
  • the auxiliary bolts can also strengthen the fixing of the end of the crankshaft and enhance the stability between the crankshaft and the auxiliary drum. , So that the crankshaft can smoothly drive the rotation of the auxiliary drum when rotating, and enhance the stability of the crankshaft rotation.
  • the laser diameter gauge includes a transmitting module, a receiving module and a connecting module.
  • the connecting module is fixedly connected between the transmitting module and the receiving module.
  • the parallel beam emitted by the transmitting module is partially blocked by the crankshaft when it is directed to the receiving module.
  • the light beam received by the receiving module is not complete, and the output signal has a notch, and the size of the notch is the size of the measured part.
  • the linear guide rail includes a pair of slide rails fixedly connected to the upper end of the base.
  • a pair of slide rails are respectively located on both sides of the main support.
  • the lower ends of the transmitting module and the receiving module are fixedly connected with electric sliders.
  • the rail sliding connection, the electric slider and the main controller are electromechanically connected, and the electric slider is activated by the main controller to make it slide on the sliding rail, thereby driving the laser caliper to perform linear movement to complete the measurement of the crankshaft.
  • the upper ends of the main support and the auxiliary support are provided with arc-shaped grooves, the main drum and the auxiliary drum are respectively connected to the inside of a pair of arc-shaped grooves, and the outer ring diameters of the main drum and the auxiliary drum Respectively larger than the aperture diameter of the corresponding arc-shaped groove, the main drum and the auxiliary drum cannot be taken out from the corresponding arc-shaped groove upwards.
  • the outer surfaces of the main drum and the auxiliary drum are provided with annular grooves.
  • the inner surface is fixedly connected with the limit ring, and the limit ring is rotatably connected with the annular groove, so that the main drum and the auxiliary drum can rotate stably on the main support and the auxiliary support, and it is not easy to move horizontally while rotating.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view one of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a second perspective view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial front structure of the main drum of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial front structure of the auxiliary drum of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of laser measurement of the present invention.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be inside two components. ⁇ Connectivity.
  • Connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be inside two components. ⁇ Connectivity.
  • a high-efficiency measuring device for the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft includes a base 1 and a main control machine 5.
  • the main control machine 5 is located on one side of the base 1, and the upper side of the base 1 is equipped with a laser diameter measurement device.
  • a linear guide is connected between the laser diameter gauge and the base 1.
  • the upper side of the base 1 is also provided with a main support 6 and a sub support 14.
  • the lower end of the main support 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1, and the main support
  • the upper end of the table 6 is rotatably connected with the main drum 7.
  • the end of the main drum 7 far from the auxiliary support 14 is fixedly connected with the suction pump 10, and the inner wall of the main drum 7 is provided with a long hole ,
  • the output end of the suction pump 10 is fixedly connected to the air pipe 11, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the long hole, the upper inner wall of the main drum 7 is provided with a main screw hole, and the main screw hole is threaded with a main bolt 12 through
  • the main bolt 12 can strengthen the fixing of the end of the crankshaft, so that the main drum 7 can smoothly drive the crankshaft to rotate to complete the measurement work.
  • the main support 6 is provided with an electric motor 8 on the side away from the auxiliary support 14, and the electric motor 8 is fixedly connected to the base 1
  • the upper end of the motor 8 is connected to the main drum 7 with a transmission belt 9 for transmission.
  • the upper end of the auxiliary support 14 is rotatably connected with the auxiliary drum 15, the upper inner wall of the auxiliary drum 15 is provided with auxiliary screw holes, and the inner thread of the auxiliary screw holes is connected with the auxiliary bolt 16 through the auxiliary bolt 16 can also strengthen the fixation of the end of the crankshaft, enhance the stability between the crankshaft and the auxiliary drum 15, so that the crankshaft can smoothly drive the auxiliary drum 15 to rotate when the crankshaft rotates, and enhance the stability of the crankshaft rotation.
  • the main drum 7 and The inner wall of the auxiliary drum 15 is fixedly connected with a rubber pad 13, and the rubber pad 13 can increase the friction, thereby increasing the stability between the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 and the crankshaft, please refer to Figure 7, base 1
  • the upper end is provided with a chute 18, the lower end of the auxiliary support 14 is fixedly connected with a trapezoidal slider 19, which is slidably connected to the inside of the chute 18, and can be adjusted according to the length of the crankshaft through the chute 18 and the trapezoidal slider 19
  • the position of the auxiliary support 14 is used to fix and measure crankshafts of different sizes.
  • the laser caliper, linear guide, motor 8 and suction pump 10 are all electrically connected to the main control machine 5.
  • the laser diameter gauge includes a transmitting module 41, a receiving module 42, and a connecting module 43.
  • the connecting module 43 is fixedly connected between the transmitting module 41 and the receiving module 42, and the parallel beams emitted by the transmitting module 41 are directed to the receiving module 42.
  • a part of the light beam received by the receiving module 42 is blocked by the crankshaft, and the output signal has a notch, and the size of the notch is the size of the measured part.
  • the linear guide rail includes a pair of slide rails 2 fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1, a pair of slide rails 2 are located on both sides of the main support 6, the lower ends of the transmitting module 41 and the receiving module 42 are fixedly connected to the electric
  • the slider 3 the electric slider 3 is slidably connected with the slide rail 2, and the electric slider 3 is electrically connected with the main control machine 5.
  • the main control machine 5 activates the electric slider 3 to slide on the slide rail 2, thereby driving the laser
  • the diameter gauge performs linear motion to complete the measurement of the crankshaft.
  • the upper ends of the main support 6 and the auxiliary support 14 are both provided with arc-shaped grooves
  • the main rotating drum 7 and the auxiliary rotating drum 15 are respectively connected to the inside of a pair of arc-shaped grooves
  • the main rotating The outer ring diameters of the drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 are respectively larger than the aperture diameters of the corresponding arc-shaped grooves.
  • the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 cannot be taken out from the corresponding arc-shaped grooves.
  • the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum The outer surface of the cylinder 15 is provided with an annular groove, and the inner surface of the arc-shaped groove is fixedly connected with the limit ring 17, and the limit ring 17 is rotatably connected with the annular groove, so that the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 can be mounted on the main support 6 and the auxiliary support 14 rotate stably, and it is not easy to move horizontally while rotating.
  • a method for measuring the outer diameter of a multi-cylinder crankshaft with a high-efficiency measuring device including the following steps:
  • the technician inserts the front and rear ends of the multi-cylinder crankshaft to be tested into the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 respectively, and starts the suction pump 10 through the main control machine 5 to preliminarily fix the multi-cylinder crankshaft.
  • the bolt 12 and the auxiliary bolt 16 are respectively installed on the main drum 7 and the auxiliary drum 15 to further fix the multi-cylinder crankshaft;
  • the overall width of the multi-cylinder crankshaft is greater than the length of the laser beam emission area of the emission module 41. It is impossible to measure the diameter of each connecting rod journal on the crankshaft by moving the laser caliper. Therefore, in the present invention, the laser caliper is combined with linear movement and the rotational movement of the crankshaft, and the motor is set appropriately. Rotational speed and linear guide rail speed, that is, adjust the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the moving speed of the laser diameter gauge to ensure that the connecting rod journal can complete 360° rotation when the laser diameter gauge passes through each connecting rod journal. During the 360° rotation of the connecting rod journal, there is always a certain moment when the laser beam can scan the connecting rod journal completely, so as to measure the outer diameter of the connecting rod journal.
  • the invention can complete the measurement of the outer diameters of all main journals and connecting rod journals on a multi-cylinder crankshaft at one time.
  • the measurement process is mechanically operated, which saves time and labor, has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision, and improves the entire processing of the crankshaft. Accuracy provides a basic guarantee for putting into use.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法，装置包括底座（1）和主控机（5），主控机（5）位于底座（1）的一侧，底座（1）的上侧设有激光测径仪，激光测径仪与底座（1）之间连接有线性导轨（2），底座（1）的上侧还设有主支台（6）和副支台（14），主支台（6）的下端与底座（1）的上端固定连接，主支台（6）的上端转动连接有主转筒（7），主转筒（7）远离副支台（14）的一端固定连接有吸气泵（10），主转筒（7）的内侧壁开设有长孔，吸气泵（10）的输出端固定连接有气管（11）。实现一次性完成对多缸曲轴上所有主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量，测量过程由机械操作，省时省力，具有高效率高精度的特点，提高了曲轴的整个加工精度，为投入使用提供了基础保障。

Description

一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及曲轴外径测量技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法。
背景技术
曲轴是发动机中最重要的部件。它承受连杆传来的力，并将其转变为转矩通过曲轴输出并驱动发动机上其他附件工作。曲轴受到旋转质量的离心力、周期变化的气体惯性力和往复惯性力的共同作用，使曲轴承受弯曲扭转载荷的作用，因此要求曲轴有足够的强度和刚度，轴颈表面需耐磨、工作均匀、平衡性好。
曲轴的结构一般由主轴颈、连杆轴颈、曲柄、平衡块、前端和后端等组成。曲轴在加工过程中，需要对其主轴颈和连杆颈进行磨削加工，并需要在线检测加工轴颈和连杆颈的外径，以判断加工的程度从而提高加工的精度。
激光测径仪测量原理:左右箱体内带有高速旋转的HeNe激光发射器和激光接收器,激光发射器发出的激光束通过一组透镜处理变成平行光,工件只要挡住光束,在接收器上就有信号产生,通过光电传感器将此信号传到专用计算机处理器上,可读出所测量的直径值,圆度跳动等参数，激光测径仪是一种高精度、非接触的尺寸测量仪器，它通过激光束的扫描获得被测目标的尺寸，适合测量热的、软的、易碎的、以及其它传统方法不易测量的物体，广泛用于生产中的在线测量以及特种线缆、电线电缆、电磁线、漆包线、光纤、微拉丝、纤维橡胶管、橡胶棒、玻璃管等各种线材、棒材、管材、机械和电子原件的外径尺寸无损测量和控制。
在多缸曲轴中有多个主轴颈和连杆轴颈，而传统对于主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量大多利用检测探针进行手动检测，先将检测探针卡接到某一轴 颈处，检测完毕后取下检测探针，再将其卡接至下一轴颈处，此过程不仅操作繁琐，效率低，而且检测误差较大，从而影响了整个曲轴的加工精度，影响了后期的使用。
发明内容
1.要解决的技术问题
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置及其测量方法，它可以实现一次性完成对多缸曲轴上所有主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量，测量过程由机械操作，省时省力，具有高效率高精度的特点，提高了曲轴的整个加工精度，为投入使用提供了基础保障。
2.技术方案
为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下的技术方案。
一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，包括底座和主控机，所述主控机位于底座的一侧，所述底座的上侧设有激光测径仪，所述激光测径仪与底座之间连接有线性导轨，所述底座的上侧还设有主支台和副支台，所述主支台的下端与底座的上端固定连接，所述主支台的上端转动连接有主转筒，所述主转筒远离副支台的一端固定连接有吸气泵，所述主转筒的内侧壁开设有长孔，所述吸气泵的输出端固定连接有气管，所述气管固定连接于长孔的内部，所述主支台远离副支台的一侧设有电动机，所述电动机固定连接于底座的上端，所述电动机的输出端和主转筒之间传动连接有传动带，所述副支台的上端转动连接有副转筒，所述底座的上端开设有滑槽，所述副支台的下端固定连接有梯形滑块，所述梯形滑块滑动连接于滑槽的内部，所述激光测径仪、线性导轨、电动机和吸气泵均与主控机电性连接，本发明可以实现一次性完成对多缸曲轴上所有主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量，测量过程由机械操作，省时省力，具有高效率高精度的特点，提高了曲轴的整个加工精度，为投入使用提供了基础保障。
进一步的，所述主转筒的上内壁开设有主螺孔，所述主螺孔的内部螺纹连接有主螺栓，通过主螺栓可以加强对曲轴端部的固定，使得主转筒可以顺利带动曲轴转动完成测量工作。
进一步的，所述副转筒的上内壁开设有副螺孔，所述副螺孔的内部螺纹连接有副螺栓，通过副螺栓同样可以加强对曲轴端部的固定，增强曲轴和副转筒之间的稳定性，使曲轴在转动时可以顺利带动副转筒转动，增强曲轴转动的稳定性。
进一步的，所述主转筒和副转筒的内壁均固定连接有橡胶垫，通过橡胶垫可以增大摩擦，从而增大主转筒和副转筒与曲轴之间的稳定性。
进一步的，所述激光测径仪包括发射模块、接收模块和连接模块，所述连接模块固定连接于发射模块和接收模块之间，发射模块发出的平行光束射向接收模块的过程中，被曲轴挡住一部分，使得接收模块接收的光束并不完整，其输出的信号存在一个凹口，该凹口的尺寸即为所测部位的尺寸。
进一步的，所述线性导轨包括固定连接于底座上端的一对滑轨，一对所述滑轨分别位于主支台的两侧，所述发射模块和接收模块的下端均固定连接有电动滑块，所述电动滑块与滑轨滑动连接，所述电动滑块和主控机电性连接，通过主控机启动电动滑块使其在滑轨上滑动，从而带动激光测径仪做线性运动，完成对曲轴的测量。
进一步的，所述主支台和副支台的上端均开设有弧形槽，所述主转筒和副转筒分别转动连接于一对弧形槽的内部，且主转筒和副转筒的外圈直径分别大于相应的弧形槽的槽口口径，主转筒和副转筒无法从相应的弧形槽中向上取出，所述主转筒和副转筒的外表面均开设有环形槽，所述弧形槽的内表面均固定连接有限位环，所述限位环与环形槽转动连接，使得主转筒和副转筒可以在主支台和副支台上稳定转动，不易在转动的同时进行水平移动。
一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置的测量方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、技术人员将待检测的多缸曲轴的前后两端分别插入主转筒和副转筒中，通过主控机启动吸气泵，对多缸曲轴进行初步固定，然后将主螺栓和副螺栓分别安装在主转筒和副转筒上，对多缸曲轴进行进一步固定；
S2、启动线性导轨，将激光测径仪移至多缸曲轴的一端，然后同步启动激光测径仪、线性导轨和电动机，通过电动机带动多缸曲轴竖直转动，所述线性导轨带动激光测径仪进行转动过程中的多缸曲轴进行持续性测径，并在主控机上扫描成像。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本方案可以实现一次性完成对多缸曲轴上所有主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量，测量过程由机械操作，省时省力，具有高效率高精度的特点，提高了曲轴的整个加工精度，为投入使用提供了基础保障。
(2)主转筒的上内壁开设有主螺孔，主螺孔的内部螺纹连接有主螺栓，通过主螺栓可以加强对曲轴端部的固定，使得主转筒可以顺利带动曲轴转动完成测量工作。
(3)副转筒的上内壁开设有副螺孔，副螺孔的内部螺纹连接有副螺栓，通过副螺栓同样可以加强对曲轴端部的固定，增强曲轴和副转筒之间的稳定性，使曲轴在转动时可以顺利带动副转筒转动，增强曲轴转动的稳定性。
(4)主转筒和副转筒的内壁均固定连接有橡胶垫，通过橡胶垫可以增大摩擦，从而增大主转筒和副转筒与曲轴之间的稳定性。
(5)激光测径仪包括发射模块、接收模块和连接模块，连接模块固定连接于发射模块和接收模块之间，发射模块发出的平行光束射向接收模块的过程中，被曲轴挡住一部分，使得接收模块接收的光束并不完整，其输出的信号存在一个凹口，该凹口的尺寸即为所测部位的尺寸。
(6)线性导轨包括固定连接于底座上端的一对滑轨，一对滑轨分别位于主支台的两侧，发射模块和接收模块的下端均固定连接有电动滑块，电动滑块与滑轨滑动连接，电动滑块和主控机电性连接，通过主控机启动电动滑块使其在滑轨上滑动，从而带动激光测径仪做线性运动，完成对曲轴的测量。
(7)主支台和副支台的上端均开设有弧形槽，主转筒和副转筒分别转动连接于一对弧形槽的内部，且主转筒和副转筒的外圈直径分别大于相应的弧形槽的槽口口径，主转筒和副转筒无法从相应的弧形槽中向上取出，主转筒和副转筒的外表面均开设有环形槽，弧形槽的内表面均固定连接有限位环，限位环与环形槽转动连接，使得主转筒和副转筒可以在主支台和副支台上稳定转动，不易在转动的同时进行水平移动。
附图说明
图1为本发明的立体图一；
图2为本发明的立体图二；
图3为本发明的正面结构示意图；
图4为本发明的主转筒处的局部正面结构示意图；
图5为本发明的副转筒处的局部正面结构示意图；
图6为本发明的顶面结构示意图；
图7为本发明的右侧结构示意图；
图8为本发明的激光测量示意图。
图中标号说明：
1底座、2滑轨、3电动滑块、41发射模块、42接收模块、43连接模块、5主控机、6主支台、7主转筒、8电动机、9传动带、10吸气泵、11气管、12主螺栓、13橡胶垫、14副支台、15副转筒、16副螺栓、17限位环、18滑槽、19梯形滑块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图；对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述；显然；所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例；而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例；本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例；都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“顶/底端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“设置有”、“套设/接”、“连接”等，应做广义理解，例如“连接”，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例：
请参阅图1和图2，一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，包括底座1和主控机5，主控机5位于底座1的一侧，底座1的上侧设有激光测径仪，激光测径仪与底座1之间连接有线性导轨，底座1的上侧还设有主支台6和副支台14，主支台6的下端与底座1的上端固定连接，主支台6的上端转动连接有主转筒7，请参阅图3和图4，主转筒7远离副支台14的一端固定连接有吸气泵10，主转筒7的内侧壁开设有长孔，吸气泵10的输出端固定连接有气管11，气管11固定连接于长孔的内部，主转筒7的上内壁开设有主螺孔，主螺孔的内部螺纹连接有主螺栓12，通过主螺栓12可以加强对曲轴端部的固定， 使得主转筒7可以顺利带动曲轴转动完成测量工作，主支台6远离副支台14的一侧设有电动机8，电动机8固定连接于底座1的上端，电动机8的输出端和主转筒7之间传动连接有传动带9。
请参阅图3和图5，副支台14的上端转动连接有副转筒15，副转筒15的上内壁开设有副螺孔，副螺孔的内部螺纹连接有副螺栓16，通过副螺栓16同样可以加强对曲轴端部的固定，增强曲轴和副转筒15之间的稳定性，使曲轴在转动时可以顺利带动副转筒15转动，增强曲轴转动的稳定性，主转筒7和副转筒15的内壁均固定连接有橡胶垫13，通过橡胶垫13可以增大摩擦，从而增大主转筒7和副转筒15与曲轴之间的稳定性，请参阅图7，底座1的上端开设有滑槽18，副支台14的下端固定连接有梯形滑块19，梯形滑块19滑动连接于滑槽18的内部，通过滑槽18和梯形滑块19可实现根据曲轴长度调节副支台14的位置，从而对不同尺寸的曲轴进行固定和测径过程，激光测径仪、线性导轨、电动机8和吸气泵10均与主控机5电性连接。
请参阅图2，激光测径仪包括发射模块41、接收模块42和连接模块43，连接模块43固定连接于发射模块41和接收模块42之间，发射模块41发出的平行光束射向接收模块42的过程中，被曲轴挡住一部分，使得接收模块42接收的光束并不完整，其输出的信号存在一个凹口，该凹口的尺寸即为所测部位的尺寸。
请参阅图2，线性导轨包括固定连接于底座1上端的一对滑轨2，一对滑轨2分别位于主支台6的两侧，发射模块41和接收模块42的下端均固定连接有电动滑块3，电动滑块3与滑轨2滑动连接，电动滑块3和主控机5电性连接，通过主控机5启动电动滑块3使其在滑轨2上滑动，从而带动激光测径仪做线性运动，完成对曲轴的测量。
请参阅图2和图7，主支台6和副支台14的上端均开设有弧形槽，主转筒7和副转筒15分别转动连接于一对弧形槽的内部，且主转筒7和副转筒15 的外圈直径分别大于相应的弧形槽的槽口口径，主转筒7和副转筒15无法从相应的弧形槽中向上取出，主转筒7和副转筒15的外表面均开设有环形槽，弧形槽的内表面均固定连接有限位环17，限位环17与环形槽转动连接，使得主转筒7和副转筒15可以在主支台6和副支台14上稳定转动，不易在转动的同时进行水平移动。
一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置的测量方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、技术人员将待检测的多缸曲轴的前后两端分别插入主转筒7和副转筒15中，通过主控机5启动吸气泵10，对多缸曲轴进行初步固定，然后将主螺栓12和副螺栓16分别安装在主转筒7和副转筒15上，对多缸曲轴进行进一步固定；
S2、启动线性导轨，将激光测径仪移至多缸曲轴的一端，然后同步启动激光测径仪、线性导轨和电动机8，通过电动机8带动多缸曲轴竖直转动，线性导轨带动激光测径仪进行转动过程中的多缸曲轴进行持续性测径，并在主控机5上扫描成像。
因发射模块41上激光束发射区长度有限，而多缸曲轴的连杆轴颈较多且方向不一，因此多缸曲轴的整体宽度要大于发射模块41的激光束发射区长度，单一的只靠移动激光测径仪无法对曲轴上的每个连杆轴颈进行测径，因此在本发明中，通过将激光测径仪和线性移动和曲轴的旋转运动相结合，并通过合理设置电动机的转速和线性导轨的速度，即调节曲轴的转速和激光测径仪的移动速度，保证激光测径仪在经过每一个连杆轴颈过程中，连杆轴颈均能完成360°转动，从而使得在连杆轴颈360°转动过程中，总存在某一时刻，激光束能完整扫描到该连杆轴颈，从而测量出该连杆轴颈的外径尺寸。
本发明可以实现一次性完成对多缸曲轴上所有主轴颈和连杆轴颈的外径的测量，测量过程由机械操作，省时省力，具有高效率高精度的特点，提高了曲轴的整个加工精度，为投入使用提供了基础保障。
以上所述；仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式；但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此；任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内；根据本发明的技术方案及其改进构思加以等同替换或改变；都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，包括底座(1)和主控机(5)，所述主控机(5)位于底座(1)的一侧，其特征在于：所述底座(1)的上侧设有激光测径仪，所述激光测径仪与底座(1)之间连接有线性导轨，所述底座(1)的上侧还设有主支台(6)和副支台(14)，所述主支台(6)的下端与底座(1)的上端固定连接，所述主支台(6)的上端转动连接有主转筒(7)，所述主转筒(7)远离副支台(14)的一端固定连接有吸气泵(10)，所述主转筒(7)的内侧壁开设有长孔，所述吸气泵(10)的输出端固定连接有气管(11)，所述气管(11)固定连接于长孔的内部，所述主支台(6)远离副支台(14)的一侧设有电动机(8)，所述电动机(8)固定连接于底座(1)的上端，所述电动机(8)的输出端和主转筒(7)之间传动连接有传动带(9)，所述副支台(14)的上端转动连接有副转筒(15)，所述底座(1)的上端开设有滑槽(18)，所述副支台(14)的下端固定连接有梯形滑块(19)，所述梯形滑块(19)滑动连接于滑槽(18)的内部，所述激光测径仪、线性导轨、电动机(8)和吸气泵(10)均与主控机(5)电性连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述主转筒(7)的上内壁开设有主螺孔，所述主螺孔的内部螺纹连接有主螺栓(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述副转筒(15)的上内壁开设有副螺孔，所述副螺孔的内部螺纹连接有副螺栓(16)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)的内壁均固定连接有橡胶垫(13)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述激光测径仪包括发射模块(41)、接收模块(42)和连接模块(43)，所述连接模块(43)固定连接于发射模块(41)和接收模块(42)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述线性导轨包括固定连接于底座(1)上端的一对滑轨(2)，一对所述滑轨(2)分别位于主支台(6)的两侧，所述发射模块(41)和接收模块(42)的下端均固定连接有电动滑块(3)，所述电动滑块(3)与滑轨(2)滑动连接，所述电动滑块(3)和主控机(5)电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置，其特征在于：所述主支台(6)和副支台(14)的上端均开设有弧形槽，所述主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)分别转动连接于一对弧形槽的内部，且主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)的外圈直径分别大于相应的弧形槽的槽口口径，所述主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)的外表面均开设有环形槽，所述弧形槽的内表面均固定连接有限位环(17)，所述限位环(17)与环形槽转动连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种多缸曲轴外径的高效测量装置的测量方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    S1、技术人员将待检测的多缸曲轴的前后两端分别插入主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)中，通过主控机(5)启动吸气泵(10)，对多缸曲轴进行初步固定，然后将主螺栓(12)和副螺栓(16)分别安装在主转筒(7)和副转筒(15)上，对多缸曲轴进行进一步固定；
    S2、启动线性导轨，将激光测径仪移至多缸曲轴的一端，然后同步启动激光测径仪、线性导轨和电动机(8)，通过电动机(8)带动多缸曲轴竖直转动，所述线性导轨带动激光测径仪进行转动过程中的多缸曲轴进行持续性测径，并在主控机(5)上扫描成像。
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