WO2021129990A1 - Unité de cellule - Google Patents

Unité de cellule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129990A1
WO2021129990A1 PCT/EP2020/083012 EP2020083012W WO2021129990A1 WO 2021129990 A1 WO2021129990 A1 WO 2021129990A1 EP 2020083012 W EP2020083012 W EP 2020083012W WO 2021129990 A1 WO2021129990 A1 WO 2021129990A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
monitoring
cell
cell unit
individual cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/083012
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Schmeisser
Sriganesh Sriram
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP20812004.8A priority Critical patent/EP4082059A1/fr
Publication of WO2021129990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129990A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cell unit, in particular a fuel cell unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fuel cell units as galvanic cells convert continuously supplied fuel and oxidizing agent into electrical energy by means of redox reactions at an anode and cathode.
  • Fuel cells are used in a wide variety of stationary and mobile applications, for example in houses without a connection to a power grid or in motor vehicles, in rail transport, in aviation, in space travel and in shipping.
  • a large number of fuel cells or individual cells are arranged one above the other in a stack as a stack.
  • the fuel cell unit For proper and reliable operation of the fuel cell units, it is necessary to monitor at least one parameter of the fuel cells, for example the voltage and the humidity of the fuel cells.
  • the humidity is indirectly determined, for example, with the impedance as a further parameter.
  • the voltage present is transmitted by means of electrical lines to a central monitoring unit as the fuel cell control unit, so that the data for the voltage parameter is the voltage of the potential present in electrical lines itself.
  • a fuel cell unit with 400 fuel cells arranged one above the other comprises 401 bipolar plates and each one with separate monitoring
  • the parameter of the voltage it is therefore necessary for each individual cell to run 401 power lines from the stack of fuel cells to the monitoring unit.
  • This therefore requires a large cable harness, which disadvantageously requires a lot of installation space.
  • the large mass of the cable harness is associated with considerable disadvantages in mobile applications, in particular in motor vehicles.
  • the wire harness is also expensive to manufacture.
  • DE 102 18672 A1 shows a method for determining the current to be generated by a fuel cell system for a requested electrical output power, with a current-voltage determination step from the quotient of the value of the requested power in each case for a requested change in the power to be output by the fuel cell system and a current value is calculated from the voltage value measured at the fuel cell output at the time of the requested power and fed to the fuel cell system for setting the power.
  • Cell unit according to the invention as a cell stack, in particular for converting electrochemical into electrical energy, comprising individual cells arranged one above the other, a monitoring unit as a computing unit for monitoring at least one parameter of the individual cells, at least one data transmission device for transmitting data relating to the at least one parameter from the individual cells to the monitoring unit, wherein the cell unit has several additional monitoring units as computing units for monitoring at least one parameter of the individual cells and at least one data transmission device for transmission of data with regard to the at least one parameter from the individual cells to the additional monitoring units.
  • the monitoring of the individual cells ie checking whether at least one parameter is in a permissible or non-permissible range, is thus carried out in two different monitoring levels, namely a top level in the monitoring unit as the master monitoring unit and in the subordinate additional monitoring units as sub-additional monitoring units.
  • the data are processed into monitoring data in the additional monitoring units.
  • the monitoring data are, for example, error messages for individual individual cells, so that only a small amount of data has to be processed in the monitoring unit and, moreover, only a small amount of data has to be transmitted from the additional monitoring units to the monitoring unit.
  • the additional monitoring units now each have an energy store for electrical energy. In preferred embodiments, this can be a battery or a capacitor.
  • the additional monitoring unit does not have to be supplied with electrical energy externally, nor does monitoring of the parameters have to be dispensed with during a start phase or while the cell unit is being shut down.
  • the additional monitoring units By storing the electrical energy in the additional monitoring units themselves, one or more parameters of the individual cells can also be monitored with the aid of the stored energy during the start and stop phases; It is precisely these two phases that are usually the critical phases for the life of the individual cells. In these two phases, the electrical power from the individual cells may not be sufficient to operate the additional monitoring units; However, the energy storage devices according to the invention provide a remedy here.
  • the individual cells are preferably designed as fuel cells, and consequently the cell stack as a fuel cell stack and the cell unit as a fuel cell unit.
  • the individual cells can also generally be designed as electrochemical cells, for example as electrolyzer cells, redox flow cells or as battery cells.
  • the individual cells and the additional monitoring units are arranged in a housing, while the monitoring unit is arranged outside the housing.
  • the monitoring unit can, for example, be part of a control device for a vehicle in which the cell unit is used.
  • each additional monitoring unit is assigned a group of individual cells.
  • the group preferably comprises no more than 48 individual cells, particularly preferably no more than 40 individual cells. This means that there is no galvanic separation between the
  • each group comprises two data transmission devices designed as supply lines.
  • the additional monitoring unit assigned to the group is supplied with power via these two supply lines.
  • the supply lines are preferably designed as power cables.
  • the supply lines are preferably the two outer data transmission devices of the group.
  • the two external data transmission devices thus have a double function: the energy supply for the additional monitoring unit (through the supply line) and the data transmission with regard to the one or more parameters of the assigned individual cells (through a measuring line); In its dual function, the supply line then corresponds to the measuring line.
  • the energy store is connected directly to the two supply lines.
  • the energy store can thus be supplied or charged directly from the group of individual cells assigned to it via the two supply lines.
  • the two supply lines correspond to the two outer ones designed as power cables Data transmission devices, then the energy store can accordingly be supplied with the maximum electrical power.
  • the additional monitoring units are arranged on the at least one data transmission device with regard to the direction of data transmission between the individual cells and the monitoring unit, so that the data can be transmitted from the individual cells to the additional monitoring units and data, in particular monitoring data, can be transmitted from the additional monitoring units to the monitoring unit .
  • the data transmitted from the individual cells to the additional monitoring units can be processed into monitoring data in the additional monitoring units.
  • the cell unit comprises at least one additional data transmission device for the transmission of data, in particular monitoring data, between the additional monitoring units.
  • the cell unit preferably comprises at least one generator for generating a monitoring signal, and with the at least one data transmission device the monitoring signal can be transmitted from the at least one generator to at least one individual cell in order to apply the monitoring signal to the at least one individual cell.
  • At least one generator is assigned to each additional monitoring unit and the at least one generator assigned to the additional monitoring unit can be controlled and / or regulated by the additional monitoring unit and the at least one individual cell monitored by the additional monitoring unit is identical to the at least one individual cell that is controlled by the additional monitoring unit the monitoring signal can be applied to at least one generator.
  • the monitoring signal is used to detect a parameter, in particular the impedance, of the individual cells.
  • an additional monitoring unit is preferably assigned exactly one generator.
  • the at least one additional monitoring unit is designed as a microcontroller or a microprocessor.
  • the at least one data transmission device is designed as at least one power cable and / or as at least one CAN interface and / or at least one LIN interface and / or at least one radio transmission medium.
  • the radio transmission medium transmits the data by radio, for example with WLAN or Bluetooth.
  • the method for monitoring at least one parameter of a cell unit as a cell stack for converting electrochemical into electrical energy has the following steps: transmitting data with regard to at least one parameter of the individual cells to a monitoring unit as a computing unit with at least one data transmission device, processing the transmitted data in the monitoring unit for monitoring the individual cells, the data of the individual cells being transmitted to additional monitoring units, the data being processed as data in the additional monitoring units to form monitoring data, and the monitoring data being transmitted from the additional monitoring units to the monitoring unit.
  • the additional monitoring units are each supplied with electrical energy by the individual cells assigned to them.
  • the electrical energy is stored in an energy store of the additional monitoring units as required. This storage is preferably carried out during partial load operation of the fuel cell unit.
  • the data of at least one individual cell, in particular a group of the individual cells are transmitted to an associated additional monitoring unit each, so that only the at least an individual cell, in particular exclusively the group of individual cells, is monitored by an additional monitoring unit each.
  • the data transmitted from the individual cells, in particular all individual cells, to the monitoring unit are essentially, in particular exclusively, transmitted indirectly as data processed in the additional monitoring units as monitoring data to the monitoring unit.
  • Data is expediently transmitted between the additional monitoring units.
  • the monitoring of the cell units can thus be further improved because the data, in particular monitoring data, of several or all of the additional monitoring units can thus also be used to improve and optimize the monitoring at one additional monitoring unit each, i. H. an additional monitoring unit can also use data from at least one other additional monitoring unit for the monitoring.
  • a monitoring signal in particular an alternating current, is generated with at least one generator and the monitoring signal is transmitted from the at least one generator to at least one individual cell, in particular a group of individual cells, so that the impedance of the at least one individual cell is preferably determined.
  • the at least one parameter is the electrical voltage and / or the impedance of at least one monitored individual cell, in particular a group of monitored individual cells.
  • the method described in this property right application for monitoring at least one parameter of a cell unit is carried out with a cell unit described in this property right application.
  • the cell unit is particularly preferably designed as a fuel cell unit.
  • data are transferred from the monitoring unit to at least one additional monitoring unit, in particular to all of them Additional monitoring units, transferred.
  • the data can, for example, be areas for permissible and non-permissible ranges of parameters, so that the permissible and non-permissible ranges can be changed centrally by the monitoring unit for the additional monitoring unit, and can be optimized in terms of operation in particular during operation, e.g. B. as a function of the electrical power to be delivered as an operating parameter of the cell unit.
  • the permissible and / or impermissible range of at least one monitored parameter is changed as a function of at least one operating parameter of the cell unit.
  • the operation of the cell unit is controlled and / or regulated as a function of the data processed in the monitoring unit and / or the at least one additional monitoring unit.
  • the volume flow of the supplied fuel and / or the volume flow of the supplied oxidizing agent and / or the volume flow of the supplied water are preferably used to change the moisture in the supplied fuel and / or in the supplied oxidant and / or the volume flow of the coolant and / or the inlet temperature of the coolant of the fuel cell stack and / or humidifier controlled and / or regulated.
  • the operation of the cell unit is controlled and / or regulated by the monitoring unit, so that the monitoring unit forms a control and / or regulating unit for the cell unit.
  • the method for monitoring at least one parameter of a cell unit is carried out as a cell stack during operation of the cell unit.
  • fuel is added to the anodes and an oxidizing agent conducted to the cathodes of the individual cells, so that electrical energy is generated by the individual cells during operation.
  • the cell unit comprises several additional monitoring units as arithmetic units for monitoring at least one parameter of groups of the individual cells.
  • One group of the individual cells is assigned to each additional monitoring unit.
  • the at least one additional monitoring unit is attached to at least one individual cell.
  • the at least one additional monitoring unit is fastened directly or indirectly to at least one single cell with a fastening means, in particular at a distance of less than 7 cm, 5 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm or 1 cm from the at least one single cell and / or at least one component of the Single cell. Even if a large number of additional monitoring units are arranged on the cell unit, the cell unit has a compact structure.
  • the additional monitoring unit is attached to the housing.
  • the cell unit comprises at least one connecting device, in particular a plurality of connecting devices, and tensioning elements.
  • Components for single cells are proton exchange membranes, anodes, cathodes, gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates.
  • the individual cells designed as fuel cells each comprise a proton exchange membrane, an anode, a cathode, at least one gas diffusion layer and at least one bipolar plate.
  • the connecting device is designed as a bolt and / or is rod-shaped.
  • the clamping elements are expediently designed as clamping plates.
  • the cell system according to the invention designed as a fuel cell system, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a fuel cell unit as a fuel cell stack with individual cells designed as fuel cells, a compressed gas storage device for storing gaseous fuel, a gas delivery device for delivering a gaseous oxidizing agent to the cathodes of the fuel cells, the fuel cell unit as one in this Protected right application described cell unit is formed.
  • the gas delivery device is designed as a fan or a compressor.
  • the cell unit comprises at least 3, 4, 5 or 6 connection devices.
  • the tensioning elements are plate-shaped and / or disk-shaped and / or flat and / or are designed as a grid.
  • the fuel of a cell unit designed as a fuel cell unit is preferably hydrogen, hydrogen-rich gas, reformate gas or natural gas.
  • the individual cells are expediently designed to be essentially flat and / or disk-shaped.
  • the oxidizing agent is air with oxygen or pure oxygen.
  • the fuel cell unit is preferably a PEM fuel cell unit with PEM fuel cells.
  • the number of individual cells in the group is less than 50%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the number of all individual cells in the cell unit.
  • Additional monitoring device exclusively monitors a group of individual cells and / or can be monitored.
  • the invention further comprises a computer program with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out a method described in this patent application when the computer program is carried out on a computer or a corresponding processing unit.
  • Part of the invention is also a computer program product with program code means that are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out a method described in this patent application when the computer program is carried out on a computer or a corresponding processing unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a greatly simplified exploded view of a
  • Fuel cell system executed cell system with components, only the essential areas are shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of part of an individual cell, only the essential areas being shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through one designed as a fuel cell
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a cell unit as a cell stack, only the essential areas being shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through the cell unit according to FIG. 4 in a further embodiment.
  • 6 shows a section through part of the cell unit
  • Monitoring unit and additional monitoring units whereby only the essential areas are shown.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 show the basic structure of an individual cell 2 designed as a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell 3 (polymer electrolyte fuel cell 3).
  • the principle of fuel cells 2 is that electrical energy or electrical current is generated by means of an electrochemical reaction.
  • Hydrogen (H2) is fed as a gaseous fuel to an anode 7, and the anode 7 forms the negative pole.
  • a gaseous oxidizing agent, namely air with oxygen, is passed to a cathode 8, i. H. the oxygen in the air provides the necessary gaseous oxidizing agent.
  • a reduction (electron uptake) takes place at the cathode 8.
  • the oxidation as the release of electrons is carried out at the anode 7.
  • the difference between the normal potentials of the electrode pairs under standard conditions as reversible fuel cell voltage or open circuit voltage of the unloaded fuel cell 2 is 1.23 V.
  • This theoretical voltage of 1.23 V is usually not achieved, but serves as a safety criterion for the maximum number of individual cells 2 per Group 49 of individual cells 2, which will be discussed later.
  • voltages over 1.0 V can be reached and in operation with higher currents voltages between 0.5 V and 1.0 V are reached.
  • the series connection of several fuel cells 2, In particular, a fuel cell unit 1 as a fuel cell stack 1 of several fuel cells 2 arranged one above the other has a higher voltage, which corresponds to the number of fuel cells 2 multiplied by the individual voltage of one fuel cell 2.
  • the fuel cell 2 also includes a proton exchange membrane 5 (Proton Exchange Membrane, PEM), which is arranged between the anode 7 and the cathode 8.
  • PEM Proton Exchange Membrane
  • the anode 7 and cathode 8 are layered or disk-shaped.
  • the PEM 5 acts as an electrolyte, catalyst carrier and separator for the reaction gases.
  • the PEM 5 also functions as an electrical insulator and prevents an electrical short circuit between the anode 7 and cathode 8.
  • proton-conducting films made of perfluorinated and sulfonated polymers are used 5 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m thick, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the PEM 5 conducts the protons H + and essentially blocks ions other than protons H + , so that the charge transport can take place due to the permeability of the PEM 5 for the protons H +.
  • the PEM 5 is essentially impermeable to the reaction gases oxygen O2 and hydrogen H2, ie it blocks the flow of oxygen O2 and hydrogen H2 between a gas space 31 at the anode 7 with hydrogen H2 fuel and the gas space 32 at the cathode 8 with air or Oxygen O2 as an oxidizing agent.
  • the proton conductivity of the PEM 5 increases with increasing temperature and increasing water content.
  • the electrodes 7, 8 as the anode 7 and cathode 8 rest on the two sides of the PEM 5, each facing the gas spaces 31, 32.
  • a unit composed of the PEM 5 and the electrodes 6, 7 is referred to as a membrane electrode arrangement 6 (membrane electrode array, MEA).
  • MEA membrane electrode array
  • the electrodes 7, 8 are pressed with the PEM 5.
  • the electrodes 6, 7 are platinum-containing carbon particles attached to PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer),
  • a catalyst layer 30 is normally applied to each of the electrodes 6, 7 on the side facing the gas spaces 31, 32.
  • the catalyst layer 30 on the gas space 31 with fuel on the anode 7 comprises nanodisperse platinum ruthenium on graphitized soot particles, which are bound to a binder are.
  • the catalyst layer 30 on the gas space 32 with oxidizing agent on the cathode 8 analogously comprises nanodisperse platinum.
  • National®, a PTFE emulsion or polyvinyl alcohol are used as binders.
  • a gas diffusion layer 9 rests on the anode 7 and the cathode 8.
  • the gas diffusion layer 9 on the anode 7 distributes the fuel from channels 12 for fuel evenly onto the catalyst layer 30 on the anode 7.
  • the gas diffusion layer 9 on the cathode 8 distributes the oxidizing agent from channels 13 for oxidizing agent evenly onto the catalyst layer 30 on the cathode 8.
  • the GDL 9 also draws off water of reaction in the opposite direction to the direction of flow of the reaction gases, i. H. in one direction each from the catalyst layer 30 to the channels 12, 13. Furthermore, the GDL 9 keeps the PEM 5 moist and conducts the current.
  • the GDL 9 is composed, for example, of a hydrophobized carbon paper and a bonded layer of carbon powder.
  • a bipolar plate 10 rests on the GDL 9.
  • the electrically conductive bipolar plate 10 serves as a current collector, to drain water and to conduct the reaction gases through a channel structure 29 and / or a flow field 29 and to dissipate the waste heat that occurs in particular during the exothermic electrochemical reaction at the cathode 8.
  • channels 14 for the passage of a liquid or gaseous coolant are incorporated into the bipolar plate 10.
  • the channel structure 29 on the gas space 31 for fuel is preferably formed by channels 12.
  • the channel structure 29 on the gas space 32 for oxidizing agent is preferably formed by channels 13.
  • metal, conductive plastics and composite materials or graphite are used as the material for the bipolar plates 10.
  • FIG. 1 an exploded view of two superimposed individual cells 2 designed as fuel cells is shown.
  • a seal 11 seals the gas spaces 31, 32 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • hydrogen H2 is stored as fuel at a pressure of, for example, 350 bar to 700 bar.
  • the fuel is supplied from the compressed gas reservoir 21 through a high pressure line 18 a pressure reducer 20 passed to reduce the pressure of the fuel in a medium pressure line 17 from approximately 10 bar to 20 bar.
  • the fuel is fed from the medium pressure line 17 to an injector 19.
  • the pressure of the fuel is reduced to an injection pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar.
  • the fuel is fed to a feed line 16 for fuel (FIG. 1) and from the feed line 16 to the channels 12 for fuel, which form the channel structure 29 for fuel.
  • the fuel thereby flows through the gas space 31 for the fuel.
  • the gas space 31 for the fuel is formed by the channels 12 and the GDL 9 on the anode 7.
  • the fuel not consumed in the redox reaction at the anode 7 and possibly water from a humidification of the anode 7 is diverted from the fuel cells 2 through a discharge line 15.
  • a gas delivery device 22 for example designed as a fan 23 or a compressor 24, delivers air from the environment as an oxidizing agent into a supply line 25 for oxidizing agent. From the supply line 25, the air is fed to the channels 13 for oxidizing agents, which form a channel structure 29 on the bipolar plates 10 for oxidizing agents, so that the oxidizing agent flows through the gas space 32 for the oxidizing agent.
  • the gas space 32 for the oxidizing agent is formed by the channels 13 and the GDL 9 on the cathode 8.
  • a discharge line 26 After flowing through the channels 13 or the gas space 32 for the oxidizing agent 32, the oxidizing agent not consumed at the cathode 8 and the water of reaction arising at the cathode 8 due to the electrochemical redox reaction are discharged from the fuel cells 2 through a discharge line 26.
  • a feed line 27 is used to feed coolant into the channels 14 for coolant and a discharge line 28 is used to discharge the coolant conducted through the channels 14.
  • the supply and discharge lines 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, 28 are shown in Fig. 1 as separate lines for reasons of simplicity and can actually be designed differently, for example as holes in a frame (not shown) or as aligned holes on the End region (not shown) of bipolar plates 10 lying on top of one another.
  • the individual cells 2 are arranged between two clamping elements 33, which are designed as clamping plates 34.
  • An upper clamping plate 35 rests on the uppermost individual cell 2 and a lower clamping plate 36 rests on the lowermost individual cell 2.
  • the cell unit 1 comprises approximately 200 to 400 individual cells 2, in particular if it is designed as a fuel cell unit, which for reasons of drawing are not all shown in FIG. 4.
  • the clamping elements 33 apply a compressive force to the individual cells 2, ie the upper clamping plate 35 rests on the uppermost individual cell 2 with a compressive force and the lower clamping plate 36 rests on the lowermost individual cell 2 with a compressive force.
  • the cell stack 1 is thus braced in order to ensure tightness, for example for the fuel, the oxidizing agent and the coolant, in particular due to the elastic seal 11, and also to keep the electrical contact resistance within the cell stack 1 as small as possible.
  • four connecting devices 39 are preferably designed as bolts 53 on the cell unit 1, which are subject to tensile stress.
  • the four bolts 53 are firmly connected to the clamping plates 34.
  • tightening straps or spokes can also advantageously be used.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through the cell unit 1 according to FIG. 4 with a further feature:
  • the cell unit 1 comprises a housing 60 in which the individual cells 2 and the clamping elements 33 are arranged.
  • the cell unit 1 is designed, for example, as a fuel cell unit and comprises, for example, 400 fuel cells 2 of which only a small part of the fuel cells 2 are shown in FIG. 6.
  • An additional monitoring unit 42 in particular a microcontroller 43 or a microprocessor 44, is assigned to each group 49 of the individual cells 2.
  • FIG. 6 four upper groups 49, each with 4 assigned individual cells 2, and a lowermost group 49, each with 5 assigned individual cells 2, are shown. For reasons of the drawing, only a small number of individual cells 2, ie group 49 as a part of all individual cells 2 assigned.
  • each additional monitoring unit 42 is preferably assigned a maximum of 48 individual cells 2, particularly preferably a maximum of 40 individual cells 2, in particular if it is a fuel cell unit, so that the total voltage per additional monitoring unit does not exceed 60V.
  • the number 48 results from the open circuit voltage of the unloaded fuel cell 2 of 1.23 V.
  • the number 40 results from a theoretically short-term maximum voltage of 1.48 V per fuel cell 2.
  • each with 4 assigned individual cells 2 for each bipolar plate 10 of the individual cells 2 of the group 49 there is one measuring line 45 or one power cable 45 as one
  • the data can be passed separately from the bipolar plates 10 to the additional monitoring unit 42, i. H. a parameter is recorded separately for each individual cell 2.
  • the additional monitoring units 42 are supplied with power by means of two supply lines 45a, 45b, in particular power cables 45a, 45b
  • the two data transmission devices 38 responsible for the power supply of the additional monitoring units 42 thus have a double function: for recording parameters of the individually assigned individual cell 2 - i.e. as a measuring line 45 - on the one hand and for supplying power to the additional monitoring unit 42 from the group 49 of the associated individual cells 2 - i.e. as a supply line 45a, 45b - on the other hand.
  • the voltage of the individual cells 2 is recorded as a parameter.
  • the voltage of each individual cell 2 is recorded by the voltage difference being transmitted as data to the parameter of the voltage on the bipolar plates 10 with the measuring lines 45 to the additional monitoring unit 42 and in the additional monitoring unit 42 with an integrated voltmeter (not shown) is captured.
  • the voltage is fed to the additional monitoring unit 42 as the sum of the voltages in the five individual cells 2 with the two outer measuring lines 45, 45a, 45b.
  • each additional monitoring unit 42 is assigned a generator 50 for generating an alternating current with a frequency between 0 and 10 kHz.
  • the generator 50 is preferably designed as a MOSFET 51 or IGBT 52.
  • the impedance is determined separately for each individual cell 2 with the additional monitoring device 42 in the four upper groups 49 and in the lowermost group 49 for all individual cells 2 in this lowest group 49, i. H. the average impedance of the five individual cells 2 in the lowest group 49.
  • the moisture or the water content in the fuel cells 2, in particular the proton exchange membrane 5, can be determined from the impedance. The larger the impedance, the smaller the moisture or water content.
  • the additional monitoring units 42 each have an energy store 70, which is preferably designed as a battery or capacitor.
  • the energy store 70 is taken directly from the two outer ones
  • Data transmission devices 38a, 38b or supply lines 45a, 45b are supplied with electrical energy from the individual cells 2.
  • the supply lines 45a, 45b are advantageously designed as power cables.
  • the additional monitoring units 42 are with
  • Data transmission devices 38 are connected to a central monitoring unit 37 as a fuel cell control unit 37 (FCCU), for example, so that data can be passed from the additional monitoring units 42 to the monitoring unit 37 and vice versa.
  • the data transmission device 38 is designed, for example, as a power cable 45, CAN interface 46, LIN interface 47 or radio transmission means 48.
  • Additional monitoring units 42 the data of the monitored parameters of the voltage and the impedance are processed and preferably stored. For example, it is checked whether the parameters are within permissible ranges and only in the event of deviations or errors is a message sent as a data signal from the additional monitoring unit 42 to the monitoring unit 37.
  • data on the permissible ranges for the parameters are in data memories (not shown) in the additional monitoring units 42 and these are compared with the data passed to the additional monitoring units 42. In the event of impermissible recorded parameters, this is transmitted from the additional monitoring units 42 to the monitoring unit 37.
  • the monitoring unit controls and regulates the cell unit 1.
  • the monitoring unit 37 which thus also forms a control and / or regulating unit 37 for the cell unit 1, can initiate measures to bring the parameter back into a permissible range to change. If the humidity in the proton exchange membrane 5 is too low, the humidity can be increased, for example, by adding atomized water to the air as the oxidizing agent at the fan 23 with an atomizing device (not shown). Further possible measures are reducing the power and switching off the fuel cell unit 1, as well as flushing processes in the cell unit 1 and changes in the mass flow on the anode and / or cathode side of the cell unit 1.
  • the cell unit 1 according to the invention and the method according to the invention for monitoring at least one parameter of a cell unit 1 are associated with significant advantages.
  • the processing of the data on the parameters takes place decentrally in the additional monitoring units 42 and only the comprehensive monitoring for all individual cells 2 is carried out in the monitoring unit 37 with a processor 40 and a data memory 41, so that the necessary computing power and the capacity of the data memory 41 compared to the State of the art is significantly reduced.
  • data is transmitted between the additional monitoring devices 42, so that the full-scale monitoring for all individual cells 2 can in part also be carried out in the additional monitoring units 42.
  • Additional monitoring units 42 are arranged in the housing 60, while the monitoring unit 37 is arranged outside the housing 60.
  • the data transmission devices 38 are then supplied with a voltage of a maximum of 60 V, so that no galvanic separation is required, in particular if an additional monitoring unit 42 is assigned a group 49 of a maximum of 60 fuel cells 2, preferably a maximum of 48 or a maximum of 40 fuel cells 2.

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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de pile à combustible (1) sous la forme d'un empilement de piles à combustible (1) permettant de produire électrochimiquement de l'énergie électrique, comprenant des piles à combustible disposées les unes sur les autres, une unité de surveillance (37) sous la forme d'une unité informatique permettant de surveiller au moins un paramètre des piles à combustible, au moins un dispositif de transmission de données (38) permettant de transmettre des données concernant le ou les paramètres des piles à combustible à l'unité de surveillance (37), l'unité de pile à combustible (1) comprenant de multiples unités de surveillance supplémentaires (42), sous la forme d'unités informatiques, permettant de surveiller au moins un paramètre des piles à combustible, et au moins un dispositif de transmission de données (38) permettant de transmettre des données concernant le ou les paramètres des piles à combustible aux unités de surveillance supplémentaires (42).
PCT/EP2020/083012 2019-12-23 2020-11-23 Unité de cellule WO2021129990A1 (fr)

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DE102019220527.5 2019-12-23
DE102019220527.5A DE102019220527A1 (de) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Zelleneinheit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021202185A1 (de) 2021-03-08 2022-09-08 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Brennstoffzelleneinheit
DE102022202025A1 (de) 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elektrochemische Zelleneinheit

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6428918B1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2002-08-06 Avista Laboratories, Inc. Fuel cell power systems, direct current voltage converters, fuel cell power generation methods, power conditioning methods and direct current power conditioning methods
DE10218672A1 (de) 2002-04-26 2003-11-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bestimmung des von einem Brennstoffzellensystem für eine angeforderte, elektrische Abgabeleistung zu erzeugenden Stroms
US7915854B2 (en) * 2005-12-16 2011-03-29 Plug Power Inc. Maximizing energy storage life in a fuel cell system using active temperature compensation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6428918B1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2002-08-06 Avista Laboratories, Inc. Fuel cell power systems, direct current voltage converters, fuel cell power generation methods, power conditioning methods and direct current power conditioning methods
DE10218672A1 (de) 2002-04-26 2003-11-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bestimmung des von einem Brennstoffzellensystem für eine angeforderte, elektrische Abgabeleistung zu erzeugenden Stroms
US7915854B2 (en) * 2005-12-16 2011-03-29 Plug Power Inc. Maximizing energy storage life in a fuel cell system using active temperature compensation

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EP4082059A1 (fr) 2022-11-02

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