WO2021125329A1 - ラジカル発生膜形成組成物、ラジカル発生膜、及び横電界液晶セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
ラジカル発生膜形成組成物、ラジカル発生膜、及び横電界液晶セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021125329A1 WO2021125329A1 PCT/JP2020/047459 JP2020047459W WO2021125329A1 WO 2021125329 A1 WO2021125329 A1 WO 2021125329A1 JP 2020047459 W JP2020047459 W JP 2020047459W WO 2021125329 A1 WO2021125329 A1 WO 2021125329A1
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- IYZMVTYVBOXCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=CN(CC1OC1)C(N(CC1OC1)C(NCC1OC1)=O)=O Chemical compound O=CN(CC1OC1)C(N(CC1OC1)C(NCC1OC1)=O)=O IYZMVTYVBOXCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radical generation film forming composition that can be suitably used for a weak anchoring liquid crystal display element or the like, and a radical generation film.
- the present invention also relates to the radical generating film forming composition and a method for producing a transverse electric field liquid crystal cell using the radical generating film.
- liquid crystal display elements have been widely used in mobile phones, computers, television displays, and the like.
- Liquid crystal display elements have characteristics such as thinness, light weight, and low power consumption, and are expected to be applied to further contents such as VR (Virtual Reality) and ultra-high-definition displays in the future.
- Various display modes such as TN (Twisted Nematic), IPS (In-Plane Switching), and VA (Vertical Indicator) have been proposed as the display method of the liquid crystal display, and the liquid crystal is oriented in a desired orientation state in all modes.
- a film liquid crystal alignment film that induces to the surface is used.
- the liquid crystal display element is also aimed at improving the transmittance and lowering the drive voltage.
- the FFS mode is used not only for TV applications but also for tablets and smartphones, the transmittance and drive voltage are improved. The reduction of is a very big issue.
- this technology has problems that occur in principle, and the first is that it is necessary to perform under very delicate conditions in order to stably generate a polymer brush on a substrate, which is not realistic considering mass production. There is no such thing.
- the alignment film plays an important role such as suppressing seizure, but it is difficult to control the electrical characteristics required when using a polymer brush or the like.
- the response speed when the voltage is turned off becomes very slow. It is expected that the threshold voltage will be significantly reduced by eliminating the resistance during driving applied to the liquid crystal by setting the orientation regulating force to zero, and the brightness will be improved by reducing the misaligned region during driving, but the liquid crystal will return. As for, since the power when the liquid crystal returns depends on the elastic force of the liquid crystal, it is considered that the speed is significantly reduced as compared with the case where the alignment film is present.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is non-contact orientation at room temperature by a simple and inexpensive method by applying a polymer stabilizing technique capable of producing a weak anchoring film. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transverse electric field liquid crystal display element that can simultaneously realize lower drive voltage and faster response speed when voltage is off. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a transverse electric field liquid crystal display element capable of achieving good black display, high backlight transmittance, and fast response speed. An object of the present invention is to provide a radical generating film forming composition used for the transverse electric field liquid crystal display element in order to obtain such an excellent transverse electric field liquid crystal display element.
- the present invention includes the following.
- a radical generating film forming composition containing. (In formula (1), A represents an organic group that induces radical polymerization.)
- the polymer as the component (A) is at least one weight selected from a polyimide precursor, a polyimide, a polyurea, and a polyamide obtained by using a diamine component containing a diamine containing an organic group that induces radical polymerization.
- the radical-generating film-forming composition according to [1] which is a coalescence.
- the radical generating film-forming composition according to [2], wherein the diamine containing an organic group that induces radical polymerization is a diamine represented by the following formula (2).
- a 1 and A 2 represent hydrogen atoms or radical polymerization-inducing organic groups, respectively, except that at least one of A 1 and A 2 represents a radical polymerization-inducing organic group.
- E is a single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -NH-, -CO-, -NHCO-, -COO-,-(CH 2 ) m- , -SO 2- , or theirs.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 2. when p is 2, having a plurality of A 2 is defined independently. When p is 0, A 1 is composed of an organic group that induces radical polymerization.
- the broken line represents the bond with the benzene ring, and R 6 is a single bond, -CH 2- , -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH.
- R 7 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is single-bonded, or unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, and one or more of any -CH 2- or -CF 2- of the alkylene group is independent of each other.
- -CH CH-, a divalent carbocycle, and a divalent heterocycle, and any of the following groups, namely -O-, -COO- , -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, or -NH- may be replaced by these groups, provided they are not adjacent to each other.
- R 8 represents an organic group that induces radical polymerization represented by a formula selected from the formulas [X-1] to [X-18], [W], [Y] and [Z].
- * indicates the connection point with R 7, and S 1 and S 2 independently represent -O-, -NR-, or -S-, respectively.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, respectively.
- R 11 represents -CH 2- , -NR-, -O-, or -S-
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- * represents a bond
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a step of filling a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a radically polymerizable compound between the first substrate and the second substrate is included, and either one of the first substrate and the second substrate is a comb tooth electrode.
- a method for manufacturing a transverse electric field liquid crystal cell, which is a substrate and the other is a facing substrate.
- a developmental film-forming composition can be provided.
- the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention contains a component (A) and a component (B).
- the present invention contains, as the component (A), a polymer having a structural unit represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain.
- the radical generating film-forming composition of the present invention contains an organic group that induces radical polymerization.
- Examples of such an organic group that induces radical polymerization include a group represented by the above formula (3).
- the following are preferable as the organic group represented by the formula selected from the above [W], [Y] and [Z].
- (b) and (c) are preferable from the viewpoint of reliability of the obtained liquid crystal display element.
- a polymer having an organic group that induces radical polymerization which is a component (A) used in the present invention
- a methacryl group or an acrylic group is used as a monomer component.
- the monomer that generates radicals has a problem that it spontaneously polymerizes, and becomes an unstable compound. Therefore, it has a radical generation site in terms of ease of synthesis.
- a polymer derived from a diamine is preferable, and a polyimide precursor such as a polyamic acid or a polyamic acid ester, a polyimide, a polyurea, a polyamide, or the like is more preferable.
- Such a radical-generating site-containing diamine are diamines having a side chain capable of generating radicals and being polymerizable, and examples thereof include diamines represented by the above formula (2). It is not limited to.
- E is a single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -NH-, -CO-, -NHCO-, -COO-,-(CH 2 ) m- , It represents a divalent organic group consisting of -SO 2- or any combination thereof, and here, "any combination thereof” refers to -O- (CH 2 ) m-O-, -O-.
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (-NH 2 ) in the radical generation site-containing diamine is not limited. Specifically, the 2,3 position, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position, the 2,6 position, the 3,4 position, and the 3, 4 position on the benzene ring with respect to the bonding group of the side chain.
- the position of 5 is mentioned. Of these, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position, or the 3,5 position is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity in synthesizing the polyamic acid. Considering the ease of synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- diamine having a photoreactive group containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a methacryl group, an acrylic group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a coumarin group, a styryl group and a cinnamoyl group are as follows. Examples include, but are not limited to, compounds.
- J 1 represents a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -NHCO-, or -NH-
- J 2 is a single bond, or unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom and has 1 to 1 to carbon atoms. Represents 20 alkylene groups.
- the diamine having an organic group represented by the formula selected from the above [W], [Y] and [Z] has the following formula in consideration of ease of synthesis, high versatility, characteristics and the like.
- the structures represented are most preferred, but not limited to these.
- n is an integer of 2 to 8
- E is a single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -NH-, -CO-, -NHCO-, -COO-,- (CH 2 ) m- , -SO 2- , -O- (CH 2 ) m- O-, -OC (CH 3 ) 2- , -CO- (CH 2 ) m-, -NH- (CH 2) 2 ) m- , -SO 2- (CH 2 ) m- , -CONH- (CH 2 ) m- , -CONH- (CH 2 ) m -NHCO- or -COO- (CH 2 ) m- OCO- Yes
- n is an integer of 2 to 8.
- the above diamine may be used alone or in combination of two or more, depending on the liquid crystal orientation when the radical generating film is formed, the sensitivity in the polymerization reaction, the voltage holding characteristic, the accumulated charge, and the like.
- the diamine having a site where such radical polymerization occurs use an amount of 5 to 100 mol% of the total diamine component used for synthesizing the polymer which is the component (A) contained in the radical generation film forming composition. Is preferable, more preferably 10 to 80 mol%, and particularly preferably 30 to 50 mol%.
- diamine When the polymer which is the component (A) used in the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention is obtained from diamine, other diamines other than the diamine having the site where the radical is generated may be used in combination as the diamine component. It can. Specifically, p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-m- Phenylene diamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4- Diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-di
- Alicyclic diamines such as methylcyclohexyl) methane; 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8 Aliphatic diamines such as -diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,11-diaminoundecane, 1,12-diaminododecane; 1,3-bis [2- (p-aminophenyl) Diamines having a urea structure such as ethyl] urea and 1,3-bis [2- (p-aminophenyl) ethyl] -1-tert-butoxycarbonyl urea; Np-aminophenyl-4-p-aminophenyl ( Diamine having
- the other diamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the liquid crystal orientation when the radical generating film is formed, the sensitivity in the polymerization reaction, the voltage holding property, the accumulated charge, and the like. ..
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be reacted with the above diamine component in the synthesis when the polymer is a polyamic acid is not particularly limited. Specifically, pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 2, 3,6,7-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3', 4'-biphenyl Tetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-
- one or two or more types of tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used in combination depending on the liquid crystal orientation when the radical generating film is formed, the sensitivity in the polymerization reaction, the voltage holding property, the accumulated charge, and the like. ..
- the structure of the tetracarboxylic diandialkyl ester to be reacted with the above diamine component in the synthesis when the polymer is a polyamic acid ester is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof are given below.
- aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diester examples include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1 , 3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2, 3,4-Cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy-1 -Cyclohexylsuccinic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthal
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester examples include pyromellitic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,2', 3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, and the like.
- the diisocyanate to be reacted with the above diamine component in the synthesis when the polymer is polyurea is not particularly limited and can be used depending on availability and the like.
- the specific structure of the diisocyanate is shown below.
- R 22 and R 23 represent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- K-1 to K-5 are inferior in reactivity but have the advantage of improving solvent solubility
- aromatic diisocyanates shown in K-6 to K-7 are highly reactive and heat resistant.
- K-1, K-7, K-8, K-9, and K-10 are preferable in terms of versatility and characteristics
- K-12 is preferable from the viewpoint of electrical characteristics
- K-13 is preferable from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- One or more types of diisocyanate can be used in combination, and it is preferable to apply various diisocyanates according to the desired characteristics.
- diisocyanates can be replaced with the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride described above, and they may be used in the form of a copolymer of polyamic acid and polyurea, and the polyimide and polyurea can be chemically imidized. It may be used in the form of a copolymer.
- the structure of the dicarboxylic acid to be reacted in the synthesis when the polymer is polyamide is not particularly limited, but specific examples are as follows.
- Specific examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids include malonic acid, oxalic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, 2-methyladipic acid, trimethyladic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2-.
- Dicarboxylic acids such as dimethylglutaric acid, 3,3-diethylsuccinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and pimelic acid can be mentioned.
- Examples of the alicyclic dicarboxylic acid include 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids examples include o-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid, 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid.
- dicarboxylic acid containing a heterocycle examples include 1,5- (9-oxofluorene) dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-furandicarboxylic acid, 4,5-thiazoledicarboxylic acid, 2-phenyl-4,5-thiazoledicarboxylic acid, and the like.
- various dicarboxylic acids may have an acid dihalide or an anhydride structure. It is particularly preferable that these dicarboxylic acids are dicarboxylic acids capable of giving a polyamide having a linear structure from the viewpoint of maintaining the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules.
- terephthalic acid isoterephthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4 '-Diphenylpropandicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylhexafluoropropanedicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis (phenyl) propandicarboxylic acid, 4,4 "-terphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2 , 5-Pyridoxydicarboxylic acid, acid dihalide thereof, etc.
- dicarboxylic acids used in the present invention may be used in combination, and the dicarboxylic acids are not limited to the above-mentioned exemplified compounds.
- Examples of the polyimide having a divalent group represented by the formula (1) in the main chain include a polyimide obtained by ring-closing the above-mentioned polyimide precursor.
- the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidization rate) of the amic acid group does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester diisocyanate and dicarboxylic acid.
- a known synthetic method can be used to obtain a polyamic acid, a polyamic acid ester, a polyurea, or a polyamide by reaction with a component.
- a diamine component with one or more components selected from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, a tetracarboxylic dianester, a diisocyanate and a dicarboxylic acid in an organic solvent.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the produced polymer dissolves. Further, even if the organic solvent does not dissolve the polymer, it may be mixed with the above solvent and used as long as the produced polymer does not precipitate. Since the water content in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes the produced polymer to be hydrolyzed, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent.
- organic solvent examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2 -Pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylphosphate triamide, ⁇ -Butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethylamyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cell solve, ethyl cell solve, methyl cell solve
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or is organic.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent conversely, a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, a method of adding a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. Examples thereof include a method of adding alternately, and any of these methods may be used.
- the diamine component or the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component When the diamine component or the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be reacted individually in sequence, or may be reacted individually and have a low molecular weight. The bodies may be mixed and reacted to form a high molecular weight compound.
- the temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted can be selected from any temperature, and is, for example, in the range of -20 to 100 ° C, preferably -5 to 80 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, for example, the total amount of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the reaction solution. ..
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component in the above polymerization reaction can be arbitrarily selected according to the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the larger the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced. The preferred range is 0.8 to 1.2.
- the method for synthesizing the polymer used in the present invention is not limited to the above method, and when synthesizing a polyamic acid, the above tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used in the same manner as a general method for synthesizing a polyamic acid.
- the corresponding polyamic acid can also be obtained by reacting by a known method using a tetracarboxylic acid having a corresponding structure or a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide. Further, when synthesizing polyurea, diamine and diisocyanate may be reacted.
- a diamine and a component selected from a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a dicarboxylic acid are induced into acid halide in the presence of a known condensing agent or by a known method. , Diamine may be reacted.
- Examples of the method of imidizing the above-mentioned polyamic acid to form polyimide include thermal imidization in which the polyamic acid solution is heated as it is, and catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution.
- the imidization rate from the polyamic acid to the polyimide is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 30 to 99%, because the voltage holding rate can be increased.
- 70% or less is preferable from the viewpoint of whitening characteristics, that is, from the viewpoint of suppressing the precipitation of the polymer in the varnish. Considering both characteristics, 40-80% is more preferable.
- the temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in the solution is usually 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to remove the water generated by the imidization reaction from the outside of the system.
- Catalytic imidization of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a solution of polyamic acid and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is usually 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times, that of the amic acid group, and the amount of acid anhydride is usually 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 1 to 50 mol times that of the amic acid group. It is 3 to 30 mol times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for advancing the reaction.
- the acid anhydride examples include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and pyromellitic anhydride. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferable because it facilitates purification after completion of the reaction.
- the imidization rate due to catalyst imidization can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the like.
- the reaction solution When recovering the produced polymer from the reaction solution of the polymer, the reaction solution may be put into a poor solvent and precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation formation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellsolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, water and the like.
- the polymer which has been put into a poor solvent and precipitated can be collected by filtration and then dried at normal temperature or by heating under normal pressure or reduced pressure. Further, when the operation of redistributing the polymer recovered by precipitation in an organic solvent and repeating the operation of recovering the precipitation 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these, because the purification efficiency is further improved.
- the polymer which is the component (A) of the present invention is selected from a polyimide precursor containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (6) and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof from the viewpoint of use as a liquid crystal alignment agent. It is more preferable that the amount is at least one.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group derived from the diamine of the formula (2)
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom.
- R 4 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of ease of imidization by heating.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and its structure is not particularly limited. Further, X 1 in the polyimide precursor is required for solubility of the polymer in the solvent, coating property of the liquid crystal alignment agent, orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, voltage retention rate, accumulated charge, and the like. It is appropriately selected according to the degree of the characteristics, and one kind may be used in the same polymer, or two or more kinds may be mixed in the same polymer. If a specific example of X 1 is dared to be shown, the structures of the formulas (X-1) to (X-46) published in paragraphs 13 to 14 of International Publication 2015/111968 can be mentioned.
- X 1 The preferred structure of X 1 is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- (A-1) and (A-2) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of photoorientity, and (A-4) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the relaxation rate of accumulated charges, and (A). -15) to (A-17) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the liquid crystal orientation and the relaxation rate of the accumulated charge.
- the polyimide precursor containing the structural unit represented by the formula (6) is selected from at least the structural unit represented by the following formula (7) and the polyimide compound thereof, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may contain one kind.
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine not containing the structure of the formula (1)
- R 5 Is the same as the definition of R 4 in the above formula (6), and represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Further, it is preferable that at least one of twofold R 6 is hydrogen atom.
- Y 2 in the polyimide precursor is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not contain the structure of the formula (1), and its structure is not particularly limited. Further, Y 2 depends on the degree of required characteristics such as the solubility of the polymer in the solvent, the coatability of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage retention rate, and the accumulated charge. One type may be used in the same polymer, or two or more types may be mixed in the same polymer.
- Y 2 The preferred structure of Y 2 is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- (B-28), (B-29) and the like are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the film hardness, and (B-1) to (B-3) and the like are liquid crystal oriented.
- (B-14) to (B-18) and (B-27) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improvement of the relaxation rate of the accumulated charge, (B-26).
- Etc. are preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the voltage holding ratio.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (6) is the formula (6) and the formula. It is preferably 5 mol% to 80 mol%, more preferably 10 mol% to 50 mol%, based on the total of (7).
- Examples of the polyimide having a divalent group represented by the formula (1) in the main chain include a polyimide obtained by ring-closing the above-mentioned polyimide precursor.
- the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidization rate) of the amic acid group does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- ⁇ Ingredient (B)> As the polymer which is the component (B) contained in the radical generation film forming composition agent of the present invention, a polymer obtained by using a diamine is preferable. Specific examples thereof include polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, polyimide, polyurea, and polyamide. From the viewpoint of use as a radical generation film forming composition, the structural unit represented by the above formula (6) and the above are mentioned. Of the structural units represented by the formula (7), it is more preferable that at least one selected from a polyimide precursor containing only the structural unit represented by the above formula (7) and a polyimide as an imidized product thereof. Preferred tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and diamines are as exemplified by the above formula (7).
- both the polymer of the component (A) and the polymer of the component (B) contain a vertically oriented group for vertically orienting the liquid crystal. It is preferable that it does not.
- the radical generation film-forming composition used in the present invention is other than a polymer containing an organic group that induces radical polymerization. It may contain other polymers. At that time, the content of the other polymer in all the components of the polymer is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass.
- the molecular weight of the polymer having the radical generation film forming composition is the case where the strength of the radical generation film obtained by applying the radical generation film forming composition, the workability at the time of coating film formation, the uniformity of the coating film, etc. are taken into consideration.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the radical generation film forming composition can contain a polymer component and, if necessary, an organic solvent that dissolves or disperses other contained components.
- an organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic solvents as exemplified in the above-mentioned synthesis of polyamic acid.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like are soluble. It is preferable from the viewpoint of.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferable, but two or more kinds of mixed solvents may be used.
- a solvent that improves the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film by mixing it with an organic solvent having high solubility of the components contained in the radical generation film forming composition.
- Examples of the solvent for improving the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film include isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, and ethyl carbi.
- ethyl carbitol acetate ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol-tert-butyl ether , Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol Monoacetate, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol Monoacetate monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol Monoacetate monoethyl
- the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the radical generation film and the substrate, the adhesion between the radical generation film and the sealant, and a compound for increasing the strength of the radical generation film (hereinafter, cross-linking).
- an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the radical generation film and the substrate the adhesion between the radical generation film and the sealant
- a compound for increasing the strength of the radical generation film hereinafter, cross-linking.
- Also referred to as a sex compound a dielectric for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the radical generating film, a conductive material, and the like can be mentioned.
- an oxylanyl group, an oxetanyl group, a protected isocyanate group, a protected isothiocyanate group, a group containing an oxazoline ring structure, and a merdrumic acid structure A compound having at least two or more groups selected from the group consisting of a group containing a group, a cyclocarbonate group, and a group represented by the following formula (d), or a compound selected from a compound represented by the following formula (e). (Hereinafter, these are also collectively referred to as compound (C)).
- R 71 and R 72 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a group "* -CH 2- OH". * Indicates that the bond is a bond. It represents a (m + n) valent organic group having an aromatic ring. M represents an integer of 1 to 6, n represents an integer of 0 to 4. R 73 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the compound having an oxylanyl group include, for example, the compound described in paragraph [0037] of JP-A-10-338880 and the compound having a triazine ring as a skeleton described in International Publication WO2017 / 170483. Examples thereof include compounds having two or more oxylanyl groups.
- the compound having an oxetanyl group include compounds having two or more oxetanyl groups described in paragraphs [0170] to [0175] of International Publication No. 2011/132751.
- the compound having a protected isocyanate group include, for example, the compounds having two or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0046] to [0047] of JP-A-2014-224978, International Publication No. 2015/141598. Examples thereof include the compounds having three or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0119] to [0120] of No. Of these, compounds represented by the following formulas (bi-1) to (bi-3) are preferable.
- Specific examples of the compound having a protected isothiocyanate group include the compounds having two or more protected isothiocyanate groups described in JP-A-2016-209458.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing an oxazoline ring structure include compounds containing two or more oxazoline structures described in paragraph [0115] of JP-A-2007-286597.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing a Meldrum's acid structure include the compound having two or more Meldrum's acid structures described in International Publication No. WO2012 / 091088.
- Specific examples of the compound having a cyclocarbonate group include the compounds described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 1555777.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms of the groups R 71 and R 72 represented by the above formula (d) include a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.
- Examples of the (m + n) -valent organic group having an aromatic ring in A of the above formula (e) include an (m + n) -valent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a (m + n) valent organic group bonded directly or via a linking group, and a (m + n) valent group having an aromatic heterocycle. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon include benzene and naphthalene.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a carbazole ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrazine ring, a benzimidazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, an indole ring, and a quinoxaline.
- Examples include a ring and an acridin ring.
- Examples of the linking group include an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkylene group, a divalent or trivalent cyclohexane ring, and the like. Any hydrogen atom of the alkylene group may be substituted with an organic group such as an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group of R 73 in the above formula (e) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and the like. Specific examples include the compounds described in International Publication WO2010 / 074269.
- Preferred specific examples include the following formulas (e-1) to (e-9).
- the above compound is an example of a crosslinkable compound, and is not limited thereto.
- the crosslinkable compound contained in the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the radical generation film forming composition. From the viewpoint that the cross-linking reaction proceeds to exhibit the desired effect and the generation of AC afterimages is small, the amount is more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- adhesion aid examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N.
- -Styryltrimethoxysilane 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxy Silane cups such as silane, tris- (trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyandiapropyltriethoxysilane, etc. Ring agent can be mentioned.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent, from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimage. Is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the radical generating film forming composition includes a dielectric or a conductive material for changing the electrical characteristics such as the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the radical generating film as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the substance may be added.
- the radical-generating film-forming composition of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment agent having a radical-generating ability.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the radical generation film forming composition is particularly referred to as a radical generation film in the present specification.
- the radical generation film of the present embodiment is obtained by using the radical generation film forming composition.
- a cured film obtained by applying the radical generation film forming composition used in the present invention to a substrate and then drying and firing it can be used as it is as a radical generation film.
- Examples of the method for applying the radical-generating film-forming composition include a spin coating method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a spray method, and a roll coating method. From the viewpoint of productivity, the transfer printing method is widely used industrially. It is also suitably used in the present invention.
- the substrate on which the radical generation film forming composition is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- Specific examples include glass plates, polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, polyethersulfone, polyallylate, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherketone, trimethylpentene, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, (meth) acrylonitrile, and tri.
- plastic plates such as acetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and acetate butyrate cellulose.
- the step of drying after applying the radical generation film forming composition is not always necessary, but if the time from application to firing is not constant for each substrate or if it is not fired immediately after coating, it is dried. It is preferable to include the process.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to the extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by the transportation of the substrate or the like, and the drying means thereof is not particularly limited.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 to 150 ° C., preferably 60 to 100 ° C. for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes can be mentioned.
- the coating film formed by applying the radical generation film forming composition by the above method can be fired to form a cured film.
- the firing temperature can be usually any temperature of 100 to 350 ° C., but is preferably 140 to 300 ° C., more preferably 150 to 230 ° C., and even more preferably 160 to 220 ° C.
- the firing time is usually any time of 5 to 240 minutes. It is preferably 10 to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 to 90 minutes.
- a generally known method for example, a hot plate, a hot air circulation type oven, an IR (infrared) type oven, a belt furnace, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of this cured film can be selected as needed, but preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, because the reliability of the liquid crystal display element can be easily obtained. Further, when the thickness of the cured film is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 150 nm or less, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display element does not become extremely large, which is preferable.
- a substrate having a radical generating film can be obtained, and the radical generating film can be subjected to a uniaxial orientation treatment.
- the method for performing the uniaxial alignment treatment include a photoalignment method, an orthorhombic vapor deposition method, rubbing, and a uniaxial orientation treatment using a magnetic field.
- the substrate is moved so that the rubbing cloth and the film come into contact with each other while rotating the rubbing roller around which the rubbing cloth is wound.
- ultraviolet rays including light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used as the radiation to irradiate the coating film.
- the radiation When the radiation is polarized, it may be linearly polarized or partially polarized.
- the irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, may be performed from an oblique direction, or may be performed in combination thereof.
- the direction of irradiation is diagonal.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used.
- Ultraviolet rays in a preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using a light source in combination with, for example, a filter or a diffraction grating.
- the irradiation amount of radiation is preferably 10 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 30 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 .
- the light irradiation on the coating film may be performed while heating the coating film in order to enhance the reactivity.
- the temperature at the time of heating is usually 30 to 250 ° C, preferably 40 to 200 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the light irradiation film obtained in the above step can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film. Cleaning with an organic solvent or a combination thereof may be carried out.
- the firing temperature at this time is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes.
- the number of firings may be one or two or more.
- the photo-alignment treatment here corresponds to the treatment of light irradiation in a state where it is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the organic solvent used for the above washing is not particularly limited, but specific examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and 1-methoxy-2-.
- examples thereof include propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate or cyclohexyl acetate.
- the liquid crystal cell according to the present invention usually uses the above-mentioned radical generation film of the present invention as the liquid crystal alignment film arranged on one substrate side and is usually used as the liquid crystal alignment film as the liquid crystal alignment film arranged on the other substrate side.
- a liquid crystal alignment film can be used.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present embodiment to be arranged on the other substrate side the same method as the radical generation film is used except that a liquid crystal alignment agent usually used is used instead of the radical generation film forming composition. can get.
- a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving the liquid crystal is formed is formed on either of the above-mentioned substrates.
- a substrate that can be used for the IPS liquid crystal display element an electrode pattern such as a standard IPS comb tooth electrode or a PSA fishbone electrode or a protrusion pattern such as MVA can also be used.
- an element such as a transistor is used between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element When a transmissive liquid crystal display element is intended, it is common to use a substrate as described above, but when a reflective liquid crystal display element is intended, silicon is used only for one side of the substrate. An opaque substrate such as a wafer can also be used. At that time, a material such as aluminum that reflects light can be used for the electrodes formed on the substrate.
- the rubbing direction is selected depending on the electrical properties of the liquid crystal, but when using a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, the rubbing direction is preferably substantially the same as the extending direction of the comb tooth electrode.
- a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film (first substrate) and a substrate on which a radical generation film is formed by the above method (second substrate) are formed by a radical generation film and a liquid crystal alignment film. It is obtained by arranging them so as to face each other, sandwiching a spacer, fixing the mixture with a sealant, and injecting and sealing a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a radically polymerizable compound.
- the size of the spacer used is usually 1 to 30 ⁇ m, but preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the orientation direction of the first substrate can be used in the IPS mode and the FFS mode, and if the rubbing directions are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, the twist nematic mode can be used. Can be used for. It is preferable that either one of the first substrate and the second substrate is a comb tooth electrode substrate.
- the alignment film formed on the first substrate may be a known liquid crystal alignment film or a radical generation film according to the present invention, and can be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- the alignment film formed on the first substrate can be subjected to a uniaxial alignment treatment. Further, it is preferable to form a uniaxially oriented liquid crystal alignment film for horizontal alignment on the first substrate.
- the method of injecting the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal composition containing the radically polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, and a vacuum method of injecting a mixture containing the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound after depressurizing the inside of the produced liquid crystal cell, and polymerization with the liquid crystal.
- a dropping method in which a mixture containing a sex compound is dropped and then sealed.
- the polymerizable compound used together with the liquid crystal is not particularly limited as long as it is a radically polymerizable compound, and is, for example, a compound having one or two or more polymerizable reactive groups in one molecule. is there. It is preferably a compound having one polymerizable reactive group in one molecule (hereinafter, it may be referred to as "a compound having a monofunctional polymerizable group", "a compound having a monofunctional polymerizable group", or the like). ..
- the polymerizable reactive group is preferably a radically polymerizable reactive group, for example, a vinyl bond.
- At least one of the above radically polymerizable compounds is preferably a compound having compatibility with liquid crystal and having one polymerizable reactive group in one molecule, that is, a compound having a monofunctional radically polymerizable group.
- a polymerizable group selected from the following structures is preferable.
- * indicates a binding site with a portion of the compound molecule other than the polymerizable reactive group.
- R b represents a linear alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- E represents a single bond, -O-, -NR.
- c represents a binding group selected from ⁇ , —S—, ester bond and amide bond.
- R c represents a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal composition containing the above liquid crystal and the radically polymerizable compound it is preferable to contain the radically polymerizable compound in which the Tg of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the above radically polymerizable compound is 100 ° C. or less.
- a compound having a monofunctional radically polymerizable group has a reactive group capable of performing radical polymerization in the presence of an organic radical, and is, for example, tert-butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl.
- Methacrylate monomers such as methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and n-octyl methacrylate; acrylate monomers such as tert-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate and n-octyl acrylate; styrene, styrene Derivatives (eg, o-, m-, p-methoxystyrene, o-, m-, p-tert-butoxystyrene, o-, m-, p-chloromethylstyrene, etc.), vinyl esters (eg, vinyl acetate) , Vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl acetate, etc.), vinyl ketones (eg, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, methyl is
- Ra and R b each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- E is a single bond, -O-, -NR c- , -S-, an ester bond, Represents a bonding group selected from an amide bond.
- R c indicates a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- At least one of the above radically polymerizable compounds is preferably a compound having compatibility with liquid crystal and having one polymerizable reactive group in one molecule, that is, a compound having a monofunctional radically polymerizable group.
- R b each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the content of the radically polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the liquid crystal and the radically polymerizable compound. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the polymer obtained by polymerizing the above radically polymerizable compound preferably has a Tg of 100 ° C. or lower.
- the liquid crystal generally refers to a substance exhibiting both solid and liquid properties, and typical liquid crystal phases include nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal, but the liquid crystal that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- One example is 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl.
- the liquid crystal cell into which the mixture (liquid crystal composition) containing the liquid crystal and the radically polymerizable compound is introduced to carry out the polymerization reaction of the radically polymerizable compound.
- This can be done, for example, by applying heat or UV irradiation, and the radically polymerizable compound is polymerized in-situ to exhibit the desired properties.
- UV irradiation is preferable because the use of UV enables orientation patterning and the polymerization reaction can be carried out in a shorter time.
- a chiral dopant may be introduced into the liquid crystal cell, if necessary, in addition to the liquid crystal composition.
- heating may be performed during UV irradiation.
- the heating temperature at the time of UV irradiation is preferably in a temperature range in which the introduced liquid crystal exhibits liquid crystal properties, and is usually 40 ° C. or higher, preferably below a temperature at which the liquid crystal changes to an isotropic phase.
- the UV irradiation wavelength in the case of UV irradiation, it is preferable to select the wavelength having the best reaction quantum yield of the reactive polymerizable compound, and the UV irradiation amount is usually 0.5 to 30 J / cm 2 . However, preferably, it is 1 to 10 J / cm 2 , and the smaller the UV irradiation amount, the more the reliability deterioration due to the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display can be suppressed, and the UV irradiation time can be reduced in manufacturing. It is suitable because it improves the tact of UV rays.
- the heating in the case of polymerizing only by heating instead of UV irradiation is performed in a temperature range in which the temperature at which the polymerizable compound reacts and is lower than the decomposition temperature of the liquid crystal. Specifically, it is 100 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
- a liquid crystal display element can be manufactured using the liquid crystal cell thus obtained.
- a reflective liquid crystal display element can be obtained by providing the liquid crystal cell with a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode, a ⁇ / 4 plate, a polarizing film, a color filter layer, or the like according to a conventional method, if necessary.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element can be obtained by providing the liquid crystal cell with a backlight, a polarizing plate, a ⁇ / 4 plate, a transparent electrode, a polarizing film, a color filter layer and the like according to a conventional method, if necessary.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, and is an example of an IPS mode liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal composition 3 is sandwiched between the comb tooth electrode substrate 2 provided with the radical generating film 2c and the opposed substrate 4 provided with the liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-tooth electrode substrate 2 is formed on the base material 2a and the base material 2a so as to cover the plurality of linear electrodes 2b arranged in a comb-teeth shape and the linear electrodes 2b on the base material 2a. It has a radical generation film 2c.
- the facing substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b.
- the liquid crystal display element 1 when a voltage is applied to the linear electrodes 2b, an electric field is generated between the linear electrodes 2b as shown by the lines of electric force L.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, and is an example of an FFS mode liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal composition 3 is sandwiched between the comb tooth electrode substrate 2 provided with the radical generating film 2h and the opposed substrate 4 provided with the liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-tooth electrode substrate 2 is formed on the base material 2d, the surface electrode 2e formed on the base material 2d, the insulating film 2f formed on the surface electrode 2e, and the insulating film 2f, and has a comb-tooth shape. It has a plurality of arranged linear electrodes 2g and a radical generating film 2h formed on the insulating film 2f so as to cover the linear electrodes 2g.
- the facing substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b. In the liquid crystal display element 1, when a voltage is applied to the surface electrode 2e and the linear electrode 2g, an electric field is generated between the surface electrode 2e and the linear electrode 2g as shown by the lines of electric force L.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- BCS Butyl cellosolve
- ⁇ Viscosity measurement> The viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was measured at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with a sample volume of 1.1 mL and a cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34', R24). ..
- the molecular weight was measured by a room temperature GPC (gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) were calculated as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values.
- GPC device GPC-101 (manufactured by Showa Denko), column: GPC KD-803, GPC KD-805 (manufactured by Showa Denko) in series, column temperature: 50 ° C., eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (addition)
- lithium bromide monohydrate LiBr ⁇ H2O
- phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal o-phosphate
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Standard sample for preparing calibration lines TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight; about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000 and 30,000) (manufactured by Toso Co., Ltd.) and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12,000, 4,000 and 1,000) (manufactured by Polymer Laboratory).
- Tetrahydrofuran (240 g) is added to the compound [1] (29.8 g, 40.0 mmol) obtained in the first step, nitrogen substitution is performed, and then 3% platinum carbon (hydrous product) (2.38 g) is added. Further, nitrogen was substituted, a hydrogen tedler bag was attached, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 17 hours. After completion of the reaction, platinum carbon was removed through a membrane filter, and the mixture was concentrated and dried to obtain DA-5 (yield: 27.4 g, 40.0 mmol, yield quant).
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature and slowly poured into methanol (300 mL) cooled to 10 ° C. to precipitate a solid, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- the obtained solid was collected by filtration, and the obtained solid was further stirred and washed with methanol (100 mL) for 10 minutes twice in total, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ° C. for 6 hours, and the desired polyimide powder (SPI) was dried. -1) was obtained.
- the imidization rate was 62%.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature and slowly poured into methanol (300 mL) cooled to 10 ° C. to precipitate a solid, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- the obtained solid was collected by filtration, and the obtained solid was further stirred and washed with methanol (100 mL) for 10 minutes twice in total, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ° C. for 6 hours, and the desired polyimide powder (SPI) was dried. -2) was obtained.
- the imidization rate was 59%.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature and slowly poured into methanol (300 mL) cooled to 10 ° C. to precipitate a solid, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- the obtained solid was collected by filtration, and the obtained solid was further stirred and washed with methanol (100 mL) for 10 minutes twice in total, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ° C. for 6 hours, and the desired polyimide powder (SPI) was dried. -3) was obtained.
- the imidization rate was 72%.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature and slowly poured into methanol (300 mL) cooled to 10 ° C. to precipitate a solid, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- the obtained solid was collected by filtration, and the obtained solid was further stirred and washed with methanol (100 mL) for 10 minutes twice in total, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ° C. for 6 hours, and the desired polyimide powder (SPI) was dried. -4) was obtained.
- the imidization rate was 68%.
- Example 1 Preparation of high anchoring liquid crystal alignment agent (also referred to as strong anchoring liquid crystal alignment agent) AL-1
- PAA-1 polyamic acid solution (20) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 above was placed in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a stirrer. 0.0 g) was weighed, NMP (15.0 g), BCS (15.0 g) and Add-1 (0.15 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare a liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1.
- Example 2 Preparation of high anchoring liquid crystal alignment agent AL-2
- PAA-2 polyamic acid solution (20.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 above into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a stirrer, and weigh NMP (8). .0 g), BCS (12.0 g) and Add-2 (0.12 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare a liquid crystal aligning agent AL-2.
- Example 7 Preparation of radical generation film forming composition AL-7
- the strong anchoring liquid crystal alignment agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 and the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 were placed in a 40 mL sample bottle equipped with a stirrer.
- AL-3 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 3 was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare the radical generation film forming composition AL-7 of the present invention.
- Example 8 Preparation of radical generation film forming composition AL-8
- the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 and AL-4 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 4 was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare the radical generation film forming composition AL-8 of the present invention.
- Example 9 Preparation of radical generation film forming composition AL-9
- the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 and the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 were placed in a 40 mL sample bottle equipped with a stirrer.
- AL-5 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 5 was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare the radical generation film forming composition AL-9 of the present invention.
- Example 10 Preparation of radical generation film forming composition AL-10
- the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 and the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-1 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 1 were placed in a 40 mL sample bottle equipped with a stirrer.
- AL-6 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 6 was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare the radical generation film forming composition AL-10 of the present invention.
- Example 11 Preparation of radical generation film forming composition AL-11
- the strong anchoring liquid crystal alignment agent AL-2 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 2 and the strong anchoring liquid crystal aligning agent AL-2 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 2 were placed in a 40 mL sample bottle equipped with a stirrer.
- AL-3 (5.0 g) prepared in Example 3 was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to prepare the radical generation film forming composition AL-11 of the present invention.
- the substrate is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method is formed as a second layer on the counter electrode of the first layer.
- the thickness of the SiN film of the second layer is 500 nm, and it functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an IZO film as a third layer is arranged on the SiN film of the second layer to form two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel. ing.
- the size of each pixel is 10 mm in length and about 5 mm in width.
- the counter electrode of the first layer and the pixel electrode of the third layer are electrically insulated by the action of the SiN film of the second layer.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-teeth shape in which a plurality of electrode elements having a width of 3 ⁇ m in which the central portion is bent at an internal angle of 160 ° are arranged in parallel with an interval of 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel has a first region and a second region with a line connecting the bent portions of the plurality of electrode elements as a boundary. Comparing the first region and the second region of each pixel, the forming directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them are different. That is, when the orientation direction of the liquid crystal alignment film described later is used as a reference, the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes are formed so as to form an angle (clockwise) of + 80 ° in the first region of the pixel, and the pixel is formed in the second region of the pixel. The electrode elements of the electrodes are formed so as to form an angle of ⁇ 80 ° (clockwise).
- the directions of the rotational movement (inplane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the application of the voltage between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode in the substrate surface are mutually different. It is configured to be in the opposite direction.
- an FFS substrate first substrate.
- the radical generation film forming compositions AL-3 to AL12 obtained by the above method, the liquid crystal alignment agent AL-1, and the liquid crystal alignment agent SE-6414 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) for horizontal alignment were added.
- the prepared first substrate and a glass substrate having an ITO film formed on the back surface as a facing substrate and having a columnar spacer having a height of 4.0 ⁇ m (hereinafter referred to as a glass substrate).
- the second substrate) was coated and filmed by the spin coating method. Then, it was dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 80 minutes and then fired at 230 ° C.
- the polyimide film on the first substrate side was oriented along the direction of the comb teeth, and the polyimide film on the second substrate side was oriented in the direction orthogonal to the comb tooth electrode.
- the orientation treatment is performed by rubbing treatment in SE-6414, AL-3, AL-4, AL-11, AL-12, and AL-1, AL-5, AL-6, AL-7, AL. In -8, AL-9, and AL-10, photo-orientation was performed.
- rayon cloth YA-20R manufactured by Yoshikawa Kako was used as the rubbing cloth, and the roller system was 12 mm, the rotation speed was 700 rpm, the stage feed rate was 30 mm / s, and the pushing pressure was 0.4 mm. The procedure was performed at 300 rpm, a stage feed rate of 50 mm / s, and a pushing pressure of 0.2 mm.
- a UV exposure device manufactured by Ushio Denki Co., Ltd. was used, and linearly polarized UV having an extinction ratio of about 26: 1 was polarized with an irradiation amount of 50 to 500 mJ / cm 2 based on a wavelength of 254 nm. It was carried out by irradiating with UV and heating at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes, and comparison was performed using the conditions in which the orientation grade was the best for each.
- AL-1 or SE-6414 is used on the first substrate side for the display element to be the target of the embodiment, and the radical generating films AL-7 and AL are used on the second substrate side.
- a combination of -8, AL-9, AL-10, AL-11, and AL-12 was used, and in the display element to be compared, AL-1 or SE was used on both substrates.
- Manufactured by a combination of -6414 and AL-3, AL-4, AL-5, AL-6 on the first substrate side and AL-1 on the second substrate side. was used. The cells were combined so that their orientation directions were parallel to each other, and the periphery was sealed leaving the liquid crystal injection port, to prepare an empty cell having a cell gap of about 4.0 ⁇ m.
- a liquid crystal (MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. with 3% by mass of additive IC6 added) was vacuum-injected into the empty cell at room temperature, and then the injection port was sealed to obtain an anti-parallel oriented liquid crystal cell.
- the obtained liquid crystal cell constitutes an FFS mode liquid crystal display element.
- the obtained liquid crystal cell was heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes, and UV (UV lamp: FLR40SUV32 / A-1) was applied using a UV-FL irradiation device manufactured by Toshiba Litec Co., Ltd. in a state where no voltage was applied.
- a liquid crystal display element was obtained by irradiating for 30 minutes.
- a white LED backlight and a luminance meter are set so that the optical axes are aligned, and a liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal display element) with a polarizing plate is set between them so that the brightness is minimized, and the voltage is applied to 8V at 1V intervals.
- the VT curve was measured by applying the voltage and measuring the brightness at the voltage. From the obtained VT curve, the values of the drive threshold voltage and the voltage that maximizes the brightness were estimated. Further, the transmitted brightness at the time of parallel Nicol was set to 100% through the liquid crystal cell to which no voltage was applied, and the maximum transmitted brightness was estimated by comparing the maximum transmitted brightness on the VT curve.
- Comparative Example 1 is a combination of strongly anchoring alignment films with photo-orientation
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are examples in which the constituent component of the radical generation film is a single component
- Examples 13 to 16 are examples in which a strong anchoring component and a radical generating component are mixed in the radical generating film.
- the black brightness of Examples 13 to 16 has almost the same level of characteristics as the combination of the strong anchoring alignment films of Comparative Example 1, and the black brightness is also better than that of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. It can be seen that the transmittance is also greatly improved and the delay in response time is suppressed.
- Comparative Example 3 has relatively good black brightness and transmittance, but the black brightness is further improved by mixing a stronger anchoring component than a single component (Example 16), and the response time is further improved. Can be seen to be improving.
- Comparative Example 4 is a combination of strong anchoring alignment films for rubbing
- Comparative Examples 5 and 6 are examples in which a radical generation film having a single component that is not photo-aligned is used.
- Examples 17 and 18 are examples in which a strong anchoring component for rubbing and a radical generating component are mixed. It can be seen that in both Examples 17 and 18, the orientation and black brightness are at the same level as SE-6414, the transmittance is improved, but the delay in response time is also suppressed.
- the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention in which a strong anchoring component and a radical generation component are mixed, the transmittance is improved and the response time is suppressed while maintaining good orientation. It was found that a liquid crystal display element compatible with each other can be obtained.
- the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention By using the radical generation film forming composition of the present invention, it is possible to provide a transverse electric field liquid crystal display element capable of achieving good black display, high backlight transmittance, and fast response speed. Further, the liquid crystal display element obtained by the method of the present invention is useful as a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display element Comb tooth electrode substrate 2a Base material 2b Linear electrode 2c Radical generation film 2d Base material 2e Surface electrode 2f Insulation film 2g Linear electrode 2h Radical generation film 3 Liquid crystal composition 4 Opposing substrate 4a Liquid crystal alignment film 4b group Material
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、該ラジカル発生膜形成組成物やラジカル発生膜を用いた横電界液晶セルの製造方法に関する。
特に、良好な黒表示が可能であり、高いバックライト透過率、速い応答速度を実現できる横電界液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。
そして、本発明は、そのように優れた横電界液晶表示素子を得るため、該横電界液晶表示素子に使用するラジカル発生膜形成組成物を提供することを目的とする。
[1](A)成分である下記式(1)で表される構造単位を主鎖に有する重合体、及び、
(B)成分である、横電界駆動用液晶配向剤の配向成分として用いられる重合体、
を含有するラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
[2]前記(A)成分である重合体が、ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基を含有するジアミンを含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリウレアおよびポリアミドから選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体である[1]に記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
Eは、単結合、-O-、-C(CH3)2-、-NH-、-CO-、-NHCO-、-COO-、-(CH2)m-、-SO2-、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる2価の有機基を表し、mは1~8の整数を表す。)
[4]前記ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基が、下記式(3)で表される基である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
R7は単結合、又は非置換もしくはフッ素原子によって置換されている炭素数1~20のアルキレン基を表し、当該アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-又は-CF2-の1以上は、それぞれ独立に-CH=CH-、二価の炭素環、および二価の複素環から選ばれる基で置き換えられていてもよく、さらに、次に挙げるいずれかの基、すなわち、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、又は-NH-が互いに隣り合わないことを条件に、これらの基で置き換えられていてもよい。
R12は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を表す。)
[6]液晶配向膜を有する第一基板と、[5]に記載のラジカル発生膜を有する第二基板とを用意するステップ、
前記第二基板上のラジカル発生膜が前記第一基板に対向するようにセルを作成するステップ、および、
前記第一基板と前記第二基板との間に、液晶及びラジカル重合性化合物を含有する液晶組成物を充填するステップを含み、前記第一基板と前記第二基板のいずれか一方が櫛歯電極基板であり、他方が対向基板である横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
[7]前記第一基板が、一軸配向性を有する液晶配向膜がコーティングされた基板である[6]に記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
[8]前記一軸配向性を有する液晶配向膜が水平配向用の液晶配向膜である[7]に記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
[9]前記櫛歯電極基板がIPS基板又はFFS基板である[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
本発明のラジカル発生膜形成組成物は、(A)成分と(B)成分とを含有する。
本発明は、(A)成分として、上記式(1)で表される構造単位を主鎖に有する重合体を含有する。その結果、本発明のラジカル発生膜形成組成物は、ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基を含有する。このような組成物を塗布、硬化して膜を形成することにより、ラジカルを発生しうる基が膜中に固定化され、種々の機能を有する液晶配向膜を得ることができる。
上記式(2)中、Eは、単結合、-O-、-C(CH3)2-、-NH-、-CO-、-NHCO-、-COO-、-(CH2)m-、-SO2-、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる2価の有機基を表すが、ここで、「それらの任意の組み合わせ」としては、-O-(CH2)m-O-、-O-C(CH3)2-、-CO-(CH2)m-、-NH-(CH2)m-、-SO2-(CH2)m-、-CONH-(CH2)m-、-CONH-(CH2)m-NHCO-、-COO-(CH2)m-OCO-などを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
X1はテトラカルボン酸誘導体に由来する4価の有機基であり、その構造は特に限定されるものではない。また、ポリイミド前駆体中のX1は、重合体の溶媒への溶解性や液晶配向剤の塗布性、液晶配向膜とした場合における液晶の配向性、電圧保持率、蓄積電荷など、必要とされる特性の程度に応じて適宜選択され、同一重合体中に1種類であってもよく、2種類以上が混在していても良い。
X1の具体例をあえて示すならば、国際公開公報2015/119168の13項~14項に掲載される、式(X-1)~(X-46)の構造などが挙げられる。
式(6)で表される構造単位を含むポリイミド前駆体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、下記式(7)で表される構造単位、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいても良い。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
本発明のラジカル発生膜形成組成物剤に含有させる(B)成分である重合体としては、ジアミンを用いて得られる重合体が好ましい。具体的には、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリアミドなどが挙げられるが、ラジカル発生膜形成組成物としての使用の観点から、上記式(6)で表される構造単位と、上記式(7)で表される構造単位のうち、上記式(7)で表される構造単位のみを含むポリイミド前駆体、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種であるとより好ましい。好ましいテトラカルボン酸二無水物及びジアミンは、上記式(7)にて例示した通りである。
本発明のラジカル発生膜形成組成物における、架橋性化合物の含有量は、ラジカル発生膜形成組成物に含まれる重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.5~20質量部であることが好ましく、架橋反応が進行し目的の効果を発現し、かつAC残像の発生が少ない観点から、より好ましくは1~15質量部である。
本実施形態のラジカル発生膜は、上記ラジカル発生膜形成組成物を用いて得られる。例えば、本発明に用いるラジカル発生膜形成組成物を、基板に塗布した後、乾燥・焼成を行うことで得られる硬化膜を、そのままラジカル発生膜として用いることもできる。また、この硬化膜をラビングしたり、偏光又は特定の波長の光等を照射したり、イオンビーム等の処理をしたり、PSA用配向膜として液晶充填後の液晶表示素子にUVを照射することも可能である。
他方の基板側に配する本実施形態の液晶配向膜としては、上記ラジカル発生膜形成組成物の代わりに通常用いられている液晶配向剤を用いる以外は、ラジカル発生膜と同様の方法を用いて得られる。
また、TFT型の素子のような高機能素子においては、液晶駆動のための電極と基板の間にトランジスタの如き素子が形成されたものが用いられる。
本発明の液晶セルは、液晶配向膜を有する基板(第一基板)と、上記の方法により基板にラジカル発生膜を形成した基板(第二基板)とを、ラジカル発生膜と液晶配向膜とが向かい合うように配置し、スペーサーを挟んで、シール剤で固定し、液晶及びラジカル重合性化合物を含有する液晶組成物を注入して封止することにより得られる。その際、用いるスペーサーの大きさは通常1~30μmであるが、好ましくは2~10μmである。また、第一基板の配向方向と、第二基板の配向方向とを平行にすることにより、IPSモードやFFSモードに使用することができ、ラビング方向が直交するように配置すれば、ツイストネマチックモードに使用することができる。
上記第一基板と上記第二基板のいずれか一方は櫛歯電極基板であることが好ましい。
上記第一の基板に形成される配向膜としては、公知の液晶配向膜であっても、本発明に係るラジカル発生膜のいずれであってもよく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
上記第一の基板に形成される配向膜には、一軸配向処理を施すことができる。
また、上記第一の基板に、一軸配向処理された水平配向用の液晶配向膜を形成することが好ましい。
本発明の液晶表示素子の作成において、液晶とともに用いる重合性化合物は、ラジカル重合性化合物であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、一分子中に一個又は二個以上の重合性反応基を有する化合物である。好ましくは一分子中に一個の重合性反応基を有する化合物である(以下、「一官能の重合性基を有する化合物」、「単官能の重合性基を有する化合物」等と称する場合がある)。重合性反応基は、好ましくはラジカル重合性反応基であり、例えばビニル結合である。
このようにして得られた液晶セルを用いて液晶表示素子を作製することができる。
例えば、この液晶セルに必要に応じて反射電極、透明電極、λ/4板、偏光膜、カラーフィルター層等を常法に従って設けることにより反射型液晶表示素子とすることができる。
また、この液晶セルに必要に応じてバックライト、偏光板、λ/4板、透明電極、偏光膜、カラーフィルター層等を常法に従って設けることにより透過型液晶表示素子とすることができる。
図1は、本発明に係る液晶表示素子の一例を示す概略断面図であり、IPSモード液晶表示素子の例である。
図1に例示する液晶表示素子1においては、ラジカル発生膜2cを具備する櫛歯電極基板2と液晶配向膜4aを具備する対向基板4との間に、液晶組成物3が挟持されている。櫛歯電極基板2は、基材2aと、基材2a上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極2bと、基材2a上に線状電極2bを覆うように形成されたラジカル発生膜2cとを有している。対向基板4は、基材4bと、基材4b上に形成された液晶配向膜4aとを有している。
この液晶表示素子1においては、線状電極2bに電圧が印加されると、電気力線Lで示すように線状電極2b間で電界が発生する。
図2は、本発明に係る液晶表示素子の他の例を示す概略断面図であり、FFSモード液晶表示素子の例である。
図2に例示する液晶表示素子1においては、ラジカル発生膜2hを具備する櫛歯電極基板2と液晶配向膜4aを具備する対向基板4との間に、液晶組成物3が挟持されている。櫛歯電極基板2は、基材2dと、基材2d上に形成された面電極2eと、面電極2e上に形成された絶縁膜2fと、絶縁膜2f上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極2gと、絶縁膜2f上に線状電極2gを覆うように形成されたラジカル発生膜2hとを有している。対向基板4は、基材4bと、基材4b上に形成された液晶配向膜4aとを有している。
この液晶表示素子1においては、面電極2eおよび線状電極2gに電圧が印加されると、電気力線Lで示すように面電極2eおよび線状電極2g間で電界が発生する。
ポリアミック酸溶液について、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)にて25℃の粘度を測定した。
分子量は常温GPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキサイド換算値として数平均分子量(Mn)と重量平均分子量(Mw)を算出した。
GPC装置:GPC-101(昭和電工社製)、カラム:GPC KD-803、GPC KD-805(昭和電工社製)の直列、カラム温度:50℃、溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10mL/L)、流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mLを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液の500MHzのプロトンNMRを、測定装置(日本電子データム社製、JNW-ECA500)にて測定した。
イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド基のNHに由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
式中、xはアミド基のNH由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド基のNHプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
4,4’-ジニトロ-[1,1’-ビフェニル]-2,2’-ジカルボン酸(20.0g,60.2mmol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(120g)、2-ヒドロキシ-4’-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-2-メチルプロピオフェノン(28.4g,126mmol)、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(28.0g,181mmol)、及びN,N-ジメチルアミノピリジン(0.735g,6.02mmol)を仕込み、室温で終夜撹拌した。反応終了後、水/クロロホルムで2回分液抽出し、得られた有機相を濃縮し水飴状茶色オイルを得た。これを酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=3/1(体積比)混合溶媒でカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。得られたフラクションを濃縮したところ、黄色透明オイルとなり、静置し続けたところオイルから白色結晶が析出した。析出した結晶を酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=3/1(体積比)混合溶媒でスラリー洗浄し、濾過し、結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[1]を得た(収量:29.8g,40.0mmol,収率67%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.57(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),8.37(dd,J=8.5Hz,2.5Hz,2H),8.18(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),5.631(s,2H),4.39-4.35(m,4H),4.02-3.99(m,2H),3.96-3.94(m,2H),1.40(s,12H).
第1工程で得られた化合物[1](29.8g,40.0mmol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(240g)を加え、窒素置換した後、3%プラチナカーボン(含水品)(2.38g)を加えさらに窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け室温で約17時間撹拌した。反応終了後、メンブレンフィルターに通しプラチナカーボンを除去後、濃縮・乾燥させ、DA-5を得た(収量:27.4g,40.0mmol,収率quant)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.20(dd,J=7.1Hz,1.9Hz,4H),6.99(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),6.92(dd,J=7.3Hz,1.9Hz,4H),6.80(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.67(dd,J=8.2Hz,2.5Hz,2H),5.64(s,2H),5.24(s,4H),4.22(t,J=4.5Hz,4H),4.00(br,4H),1.39(s,12H).
<合成例1> TC-1/DA-1、DA-2(50) ポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の重合
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた100mLの4口フラスコにDA-1(1.62g:15.0mmol)、DA-2(3.66g:15.0mmol)及びNMP(55.4g)を量り取り、しばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-1(6.25g:27.9mmol)及びNMP(10.0g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて6時間反応させることで、固形分濃度が15質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。粘度は390mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約32,100であった。
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた100mLの4口フラスコに、DA-3(5.73g:20.0mmol)及びNMP(61.8g)を量り取り、しばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-3(4.06g:18.6mmol)及びNMP(10.0g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、23℃にて6時間反応させることで、固形分濃度が12質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を得た。粘度は240mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約25,900であった。
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた50mL容積4口フラスコに、DA-1(1.08g:10.0mmol)、DA-4(3.30g:10.0mmol)及びNMP(32.9g)を量り取り、窒素雰囲気下でしばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-4(2.50g:10.0mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて6時間反応させた後、TC-2(1.88g:9.6mmol)及びNMP(2.1g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で12時間反応させることで、固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)を得た。粘度は980mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約35,900であった。
窒素導入管と空冷菅、撹拌子を備え付けた100mLナスフラスコに、上記合成例3で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)(30.0g)を量り取り、NMP(70.0g)、無水酢酸(3.14g:30.9mmol)及びピリジン(1.62g:20.6mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で30分撹拌した後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を室温まで戻し、10℃まで冷却したメタノール(300mL)中にゆっくり注ぎ固体を析出させ、10分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過にて回収し、得られた固体を更にメタノール(100mL)で10分間撹拌洗浄を計2回行い、80℃の真空乾燥オーブンで6時間乾燥させ、目的のポリイミド粉末(SPI-1)を得た。イミド化率は62%であった。
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた50mL容積4口フラスコに、DA-4(6.61g:20.0mmol)及びNMP(34.1g)を量り取り、窒素雰囲気下でしばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-4(2.50g:10.0mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて6時間反応させた後、TC-2(1.92g:9.8mmol)及びNMP(10.0g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で12時間反応させることで、固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-4)を得た。粘度は1,120mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約38,400であった。
窒素導入管と空冷菅、撹拌子を備え付けた100mLナスフラスコに、上記合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-4)(30.0g)を量り取り、NMP(70.0g)、無水酢酸(3.33g:32.7mmol)及びピリジン(1.72g:21.8mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で30分撹拌した後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を室温まで戻し、10℃まで冷却したメタノール(300mL)にゆっくり注ぎ固体を析出させ、10分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過にて回収し、得られた固体を更にメタノール(100mL)で10分間撹拌洗浄を計2回行い、80℃の真空乾燥オーブンで6時間乾燥させ、目的のポリイミド粉末(SPI-2)を得た。イミド化率は59%であった。
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた50mL容積4口フラスコに、DA-2(1.57g:7.00mmol)、DA-4(4.79g:7.00mmol)及びNMP(42.60g)を量り取り、しばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-1(2.92g:13.02mmol)及びNMP(10.0g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて6時間反応させることで、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)を得た。粘度は440mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約32,600であった。
窒素導入管と空冷菅、撹拌子を備え付けた100mLナスフラスコに、上記合成例7で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)(30.0g)を量り取り、NMP(45.0g)、無水酢酸(1.85g:18.0mmol)及びピリジン(0.95g:12.0mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で30分撹拌した後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を室温まで戻し、10℃まで冷却したメタノール(300mL)にゆっくり注ぎ固体を析出させ、10分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過にて回収し、得られた固体を更にメタノール(100mL)で10分間撹拌洗浄を計2回行い、80℃の真空乾燥オーブンで6時間乾燥させ、目的のポリイミド粉末(SPI-3)を得た。イミド化率は72%であった。
メカニカルスターラーと窒素導入管を備え付けた50mL容積4口フラスコに、DA-2(2.44g:10.00mmol)、DA-5(6.85g:10.00mmol)及びNMP(66.0g)を量り取り、しばらく撹拌し溶解させた後、TC-1(4.12g:18.38mmol)及びNMP(10.0g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、40℃にて6時間反応させることで、固形分濃度が15質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)を得た。粘度は380mPa・sであり、重量平均分子量は約29,600であった。
窒素導入管と空冷菅、撹拌子を備え付けた100mLナスフラスコに、上記合成例9で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)(30.0g)を量り取り、NMP(45.0g)、無水酢酸(2.42g:23.7mmol)及びピリジン(1.25g:15.8mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で30分撹拌した後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を室温まで戻し、10℃まで冷却したメタノール(300mL)にゆっくり注ぎ固体を析出させ、10分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過にて回収し、得られた固体を更にメタノール(100mL)で10分間撹拌洗浄を計2回行い、80℃の真空乾燥オーブンで6時間乾燥させ、目的のポリイミド粉末(SPI-4)を得た。イミド化率は68%であった。
高アンカリング液晶配向剤(強アンカリング液晶配向剤ともいう) AL-1の調製
撹拌子を取り付けた50mL三角フラスコに、上記合成例1にて得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)(20.0g)を量り取り、NMP(15.0g)、BCS(15.0g)及びAdd-1(0.15g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで液晶配向剤AL-1を調製した。
高アンカリング液晶配向剤 AL-2の調製
撹拌子を取り付けた50mL三角フラスコに、上記合成例2にて得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)(20.0g)を量り取り、NMP(8.0g)、BCS(12.0g)及びAdd-2(0.12g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで液晶配向剤AL-2を調製した。
窒素導入管と撹拌子を取り付けた2口ナスフラスコに、上記合成例4にて得られたポリイミド粉末(SPI-1)(2.0g)を量り取り、NMP(18.0g)を加え、40℃で6時間撹拌し溶解させた。完全に溶解したのを確認し、NMP(3.3g)、BCS(10.0g)及びAdd-2(0.10g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することでラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-3を得た。
また、SPI-1の代わりにSPI-2~SPI-4を用いて、SPI-2にはAdd-2を、SPI-3,SPI-4にはAdd-1を用いた以外は上記AL-3と同様に調製し、それぞれラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-4~AL-6を得た。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例1にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-1(5.0g)、及び実施例3にて調製したAL-3(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-7を調製した。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例1にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-1(5.0g)、及び実施例4にて調製したAL-4(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-8を調製した。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例1にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-1(5.0g)、及び実施例5にて調製したAL-5(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-9を調製した。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例1にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-1(5.0g)、及び実施例6にて調製したAL-6(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-10を調製した。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例2にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-2(5.0g)、及び実施例3にて調製したAL-3(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-11を調製した。
撹拌子を備えた40mLのサンプル瓶に、実施例2にて調製した強アンカリング液晶配向剤AL-2(5.0g)、及び実施例4にて調製したAL-4(5.0g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌することで本発明とするラジカル発生膜形成組成物AL-12を調製した。
以下に、液晶配向性を評価するための液晶セルの作製方法を示す。
第3層目の画素電極は、中央部分が内角160°で屈曲した幅3μmの電極要素が6μmの間隔を開けて平行になるように複数配列された櫛歯形状を有しており、1つの画素は、複数の電極要素の屈曲部を結ぶ線を境に第1領域と第2領域を有している。
各画素の第1領域と第2領域とを比較すると、それらを構成する画素電極の電極要素の形成方向が異なるものとなっている。すなわち、後述する液晶配向膜の配向方向を基準とした場合、画素の第1領域では画素電極の電極要素が+80°の角度(時計回り)をなすように形成され、画素の第2領域では画素電極の電極要素が-80°の角度(時計回り)をなすように形成されている。すなわち、各画素の第1領域と第2領域とでは、画素電極と対向電極との間の電圧印加によって誘起される液晶の、基板面内での回転動作(インプレーン・スイッチング)の方向が互いに逆方向となるように構成されている。以後FFS基板(第1基板)と呼ぶ。
偏光顕微鏡を用い、偏光版をクロスニコルに設定し、液晶セルの輝度が最も小さくなる状態で固定し、そこから1°液晶セルを回転させ、液晶の配向状態の観察を行った。ムラやザラツキ等が観察されない場合あるいは非常に軽微な場合は「良好」とし、明確に観察させた場合は「不良」として評価した。
また、同偏光顕微鏡にフォトダイオードを取り付け、電流-電圧変換アンプを介してエレクトロメーターに接続し、クロスニコル下で輝度が最も小さくなる条件での電圧をモニターすることで黒輝度の測定を行った。
光軸が合うように白色LEDバックライトと輝度計をセットし、その間に、輝度が最も小さくなるように偏光板を取り付けた液晶セル(液晶表示素子)をセットし、1V間隔で8Vまで電圧を印加し、電圧における輝度を測定することでV-Tカーブの測定を行った。得られたV-Tカーブから駆動閾値電圧と輝度が最大になる電圧の値を見積もった。また、電圧無印加の液晶セルを介して、パラレルニコル時の透過輝度を100%とし、V-Tカーブでの最大透過輝度を比較することにより最大透過率として見積もった。
上記V-Tカーブの測定で使用した装置を用い、輝度計をオシロスコープに接続し、最大輝度になる電圧を印加した際の応答速度(Ton)及び電圧を0Vに戻した際の応答速度(Toff)を測定した。
2 櫛歯電極基板
2a 基材
2b 線状電極
2c ラジカル発生膜
2d 基材
2e 面電極
2f 絶縁膜
2g 線状電極
2h ラジカル発生膜
3 液晶組成物
4 対向基板
4a 液晶配向膜
4b 基材
Claims (9)
- 前記(A)成分である重合体が、ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基を含有するジアミンを含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリウレアおよびポリアミドから選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体である請求項1に記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
- 前記ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基を含有するジアミンが、下記式(2)で表されるジアミンである請求項2に記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
Eは、単結合、-O-、-C(CH3)2-、-NH-、-CO-、-NHCO-、-COO-、-(CH2)m-、-SO2-、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる2価の有機基を表し、mは1~8の整数を表す。
pは0~2の整数を表す。pが2の場合、複数のA2はそれぞれ独立して前記定義を有する。また、pが0の場合、A1はラジカル重合を誘発する有機基からなる。) - 前記ラジカル重合を誘発する有機基が、下記式(3)で表される基である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物。
R7は単結合、又は非置換もしくはフッ素原子によって置換されている炭素数1~20のアルキレン基を表し、当該アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-又は-CF2-の1以上は、それぞれ独立に-CH=CH-、二価の炭素環、および二価の複素環から選ばれる基で置き換えられていてもよく、さらに、次に挙げるいずれかの基、すなわち、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、又は-NH-が互いに隣り合わないことを条件に、これらの基で置き換えられていてもよい。
R8は、式[X-1]~[X-18]、[W]、[Y]及び[Z]から選択される式で表されるラジカル重合を誘発する有機基を表し、
Qは下記のいずれかの構造を表し、
R12は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基を表す。) - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のラジカル発生膜形成組成物を用いて得られるラジカル発生膜。
- 液晶配向膜を有する第一基板と、請求項5に記載のラジカル発生膜を有する第二基板とを用意するステップ、
前記第二基板上のラジカル発生膜が前記第一基板に対向するようにセルを作製するステップ、および、
前記第一基板と前記第二基板との間に、液晶及びラジカル重合性化合物を含有する液晶組成物を充填するステップを含み、前記第一基板と前記第二基板のいずれか一方が櫛歯電極基板であり、他方が対向基板である横電界液晶セルの製造方法。 - 前記第一基板が、一軸配向性を有する液晶配向膜がコーティングされた基板である請求項6に記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
- 前記一軸配向性を有する液晶配向膜が水平配向用の液晶配向膜である請求項7に記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
- 前記櫛歯電極基板がIPS基板又はFFS基板である請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の横電界液晶セルの製造方法。
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