WO2021120526A1 - 同时靶向间皮素和fap的双靶点嵌合抗原受体及其用途 - Google Patents

同时靶向间皮素和fap的双靶点嵌合抗原受体及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2021120526A1
WO2021120526A1 PCT/CN2020/092671 CN2020092671W WO2021120526A1 WO 2021120526 A1 WO2021120526 A1 WO 2021120526A1 CN 2020092671 W CN2020092671 W CN 2020092671W WO 2021120526 A1 WO2021120526 A1 WO 2021120526A1
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antigen receptor
chimeric antigen
dual
fap
tumor
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French (fr)
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郭福春
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四川大学华西医院
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    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K14/7051—T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
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    • A61K39/001111—Immunoglobulin superfamily
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C07K—PEPTIDES
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    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/40—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
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    • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
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    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
    • C07K2319/03—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a transmembrane segment

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of genetic engineering, and specifically relates to a dual-target chimeric antigen receptor that simultaneously targets mesothelin and FAP.
  • the invention also relates to immune response cells expressing the chimeric antigen receptor, and the chimeric antigen receptor. Preparation of combined antigen receptors, immune response cells and their use in diagnosing/treating malignant tumors.
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an important tumor immunotherapy.
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • CAR-T chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells
  • T cells can obtain HLA-independent (human Leukocyte antigen) limited antigen-specific recognition and killing ability, its killing activity mainly depends on the single-chain receptor on the surface of CAR-T cells to recognize the antigen, which has specific killing activity.
  • CAR-T cells have several challenges in the treatment of solid tumors: (1) Solid tumors lack ideal target antigens. Most solid tumor treatment targets are tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Since TAA is expressed in normal tissues, targeting TAA has potential toxicity. Moreover, there is obvious heterogeneity in the expression intensity and distribution of solid tumor antigens. The existing CAR-T cells that target a single antigen cannot eliminate all tumor cells and easily lead to tumor immune escape. (2) The tissue structure and protein expression of solid tumors are abnormal, making it difficult for CAR-T cells to reach the tumor site through blood vessels and other circulatory systems.
  • TAA tumor-associated antigens
  • the local suppressive immune microenvironment can inhibit the activity of anti-tumor T cells, such as MDSC, Treg and tumor-associated fibroblasts.
  • anti-tumor T cells such as MDSC, Treg and tumor-associated fibroblasts.
  • a number of clinical trials have shown that CAR-T cells can penetrate into solid tumors and exert the anti-tumor activity of targeted antigens.
  • the efficacy in patients is mild and short-lived. Therefore, how to overcome the inhibitory immune microenvironment is the key to the success of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.
  • Mesothelin is a glycoprotein anchored to the cell membrane through the phosphatidylinositol domain (GPI). It is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues, but a small amount of mesothelin is also expressed in normal pleural, pericardial and peritoneal mesothelial cells .
  • the mesothelin gene encodes a 69kDa precursor protein. After processing, a 40kDa membrane binding protein and a 31kDa megakaryocyte promoting factor (MPF) are formed.
  • MPF megakaryocyte promoting factor
  • the commonly referred to as mesothelin refers to anchoring in the membrane
  • the above fragments can be divided into three regions: I, II, and III according to their protein structure.
  • mesothelin can activate NFKB, MAPK and PI3K intracellular signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance; on the other hand, it interacts with CA125/MUC16 to cause abnormal cell adhesion and promote cancer cell metastasis. Due to the limited distribution of mesothelin in normal tissues, it is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors (mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.), so it is a potential tumor-specific therapeutic target point.
  • malignant tumors meothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.
  • tumor-associated fibroblast TAF
  • Fibroblast Activation Protein also known as seprase, is a 95kDa type II transmembrane serine protease, which is structurally related to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26). FAP is found in tumor tissues. It is expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts and wound healing. FAP is also an endopeptidase that can degrade gelatin, type I and type IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin, and several peptide hormones (such as neuropeptide Y, Brain natriuretic peptide, substance P, peptide YY and Incretins). The matrix degradation activity of FAP helps tumor cell migration and invasion.
  • DPPIV/CD26 dipeptidyl peptidase IV
  • FAP can enhance tumor cell growth by limiting the development of anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, Taking FAP as a therapeutic target can be widely used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors; secondly, using it as an activation signal can effectively reverse the tumor’s suppressive immune microenvironment without obvious side effects.
  • a dual-target CAR virus vector that simultaneously targets mesothelin and FAP.
  • the present invention takes mesothelin and FAP dual-targeting CAR-T (dual CAR-T) as an example to illustrate that dual-target chimeric antigen receptors containing FAP targets can eliminate tumor cells and relieve the immunity of interstitial cells within tumors Inhibit, prevent and treat malignant tumors/solid tumors, and be used in clinical related prevention and treatment.
  • the present invention provides a genetically engineered dual-target chimeric antigen receptor and its host cell.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-target chimeric antigen receptor that simultaneously targets mesothelin and FAP, and the dual-target chimeric antigen receptor can bind to two different The target, which transmits two kinds of signals.
  • the genetically engineered dual-target chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention consists of a chimeric antigen receptor 1 that recognizes mesothelin and a chimeric antigen that recognizes fibroblast activation protein FAP Receptor 2 is connected by connecting peptides.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor 2 includes: a single-chain antibody of FAP, a hinge region, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain.
  • the FAP single-chain antibody refers to a FAP single-chain antibody capable of binding to FAP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or immune cells.
  • the hinge region is a human immunoglobulin Fc segment (IgG1 Fc segment).
  • transmembrane region is a leukocyte differentiation antigen 8 (CD8) transmembrane region.
  • the intracellular domain is 4-1BB intracellular domain.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor 2 is composed of: human FAP scFv, IgG1 Fc segment, CD8 transmembrane region, and 4-1BB costimulatory molecule peptide segment.
  • amino acid sequence of the chimeric antigen receptor 2 is shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
  • coding nucleotide sequence of the chimeric antigen receptor 2 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2:
  • the chimeric antigen receptor 1 includes: a single-chain antibody capable of binding to a tumor-specific antigen or a tumor-related antigen, a hinge region, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular immune receptor tyrosine activation motif.
  • the tumor-specific antigen or tumor-associated antigen is (EGFR), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), mesothelin, interleukin 13 receptor ⁇ 2 (IL-13R ⁇ 2), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2), epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ERBB3), epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ERBB4), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), ganglioside Lipid antigen G D2 (GD2), folate receptor (FR), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), melanin precursor protein (gp100), mucin 1 (MUC1), mucin 16 (MUC16), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), L1 cell adhesion molecule (CD171), L1 cell adhesion molecule (CD125), leukocyte differentiation antigen 15-3 (CD15-3), leukocyte differentiation antigen 19-9 (CD19-9), NY-ESO-1
  • the single-chain antibody capable of binding to tumor-specific antigens or tumor-associated antigens refers to those capable of binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family proteins, including EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family proteins.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • ERBB3 epidermal growth factor receptor 3
  • ERBB4 epidermal growth factor receptor 4
  • EGFRvIII epidermal growth factor receptor variant III
  • EpCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecule
  • VEGFR1 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1
  • VEGFR2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2
  • GD2 Ganglioside Antigen G D2
  • FR Folate Receptor
  • PSMA Prostate Specific Membrane antigen
  • PSMA Prostate Specific Membrane antigen
  • MUC1 melanin precursor protein
  • MUC1 mucin 1
  • MUC16 mucin 16
  • CA9 L1 cell adhesion molecule
  • CD171 L1 cell adhesion molecule
  • CD125 Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen 19-9
  • NY-ESO-1 MART-1
  • MAGE epithelial cell adhesion molecule
  • the transmembrane region is leukocyte differentiation antigen 28 (CD28), leukocyte differentiation antigen 8 (CD8), leukocyte differentiation antigen 3 ⁇ (CD3 ⁇ ), leukocyte differentiation antigen 134 (CD134), leukocyte differentiation antigen 137 (CD137), induction At least one of sex T cell costimulatory molecule (ICOS), DNAX activation protein (DAP10), or leukocyte differentiation antigen 27 (CD27) transmembrane region.
  • CD28 leukocyte differentiation antigen 28
  • CD8 leukocyte differentiation antigen 8
  • CD3 ⁇ leukocyte differentiation antigen 3 ⁇
  • CD134 leukocyte differentiation antigen 134
  • CD137 leukocyte differentiation antigen 137
  • induction At least one of sex T cell costimulatory molecule (ICOS), DNAX activation protein (DAP10), or leukocyte differentiation antigen 27 (CD27) transmembrane region.
  • the hinge region is CD8a.
  • the transmembrane regions of the chimeric antigen receptors 1 and 2 are selected from different transmembrane regions. More preferably, the transmembrane region of the chimeric antigen receptor 1 is a CD28 transmembrane region, and the transmembrane region of the chimeric antigen receptor 2 is a CD8 transmembrane region.
  • the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif includes an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif signal chain selected from CD3 ⁇ or Fc ⁇ RI.
  • the above chimeric antigen receptor 1 consists of: signal peptide, scFv of human mesothelin, CD8a hinge region, CD28 transmembrane region, and CD3 ⁇ binding domain.
  • amino acid sequence of the chimeric antigen receptor 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3:
  • nucleotide sequence of the chimeric antigen receptor 1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4:
  • the connecting peptide is at least one of Furin-T2A or P2A.
  • the amino acid sequence of the connecting peptide T2A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; the nucleotide sequence of the connecting peptide T2A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the amino acid sequence of the connecting peptide Furin is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; the nucleotide sequence that encodes the connecting peptide Furin is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • SEQ ID NO: 6 nucleotide sequence of connecting peptide T2A:
  • SEQ ID NO: 8 nucleotide sequence of the connecting peptide Furin:
  • chimeric antigen receptor 1 and chimeric antigen receptor 2 of the present invention are co-expressed by a single vector.
  • the present invention also provides an expression vector, which is an expression vector that simultaneously expresses the above-mentioned chimeric antigen receptor 1 and chimeric antigen receptor 2.
  • the expression vector is a eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression vector, the eukaryotic expression vector is a plasmid; the prokaryotic expression vector is a viral vector, and the viral vector includes retrovirus, recombinant lentivirus, Recombinant adenovirus; further, the viral vector is pWPXLd.
  • the present invention also provides a host cell containing the above-mentioned expression vector.
  • the host cell is an immune response cell.
  • they are T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells. More preferred are T cells and natural killer cells.
  • the present invention also provides a use of the above-mentioned dual-target chimeric antigen receptor, a recombinant vector containing the above-mentioned chimeric antigen receptor, and a host cell containing the above-mentioned recombinant vector in the preparation of prevention or treatment of malignant tumors.
  • the malignant tumor is a solid tumor, especially lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, rectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer , At least one of pancreatic cancer or prostate cancer.
  • the present invention is capable of expressing two antigen receptors simultaneously in host cells by constructing a recombinant vector containing a dual-target chimeric antigen receptor expression unit.
  • One of the antigen receptors is a receptor that binds to a tumor-specific antigen or a tumor-associated antigen. It can target tumor cells specifically.
  • Another antigen receptor is FAP receptor, which is mainly expressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts.
  • FAP receptor which is mainly expressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts.
  • the dual-target specific binding form of the method of the present invention can target tumor cells as well as immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, and has a better effect on the prevention and treatment of solid tumors rich in mesenchymal tissue.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the framework of the chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention (where the variable region can be replaced with any single-chain antibody fragment);
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the specific implementation mode of the dual-target CAR that binds to mesothelin and binds to FAP;
  • Figure 3 shows the detection diagram of CAR expression on the surface of T cells after transfection
  • Figure 4 shows the detection diagram of tumor cells and fibroblast antigens
  • Figure 5 shows the detection diagram of cell killing cytokines in vitro
  • Figure 6 shows the in vitro killing results of CAR-T cells
  • Figure 7 shows the results of a subcutaneous model of CAR-T treatment of human SKOV3 and fibroblast mixed inoculation.
  • the expression framework is: 5 end to 3 end in order: Mesothelin scFv-CD8a hinge region-CD28 transmembrane region-CD3 ⁇ -Furin-T2A-FAP scFv-IgG1 Fc -CD8 transmembrane zone-4-1BB.
  • amino acid sequence of the signal peptide of mesothelin is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9:
  • the coding nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide of mesothelin is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10:
  • amino acid sequence of the scFv of mesothelin is shown in SEQ ID NO: 11:
  • the coding nucleotide sequence of mesothelin scFv is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12:
  • amino acid sequence of the hinge region of CD8a is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13:
  • the coding nucleotide sequence of the hinge region of CD8a is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14:
  • the amino acid sequence of the CD28 transmembrane region is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15:
  • the nucleotide sequence of the CD28 transmembrane region is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16:
  • the amino acid sequence of CD3 ⁇ is shown in SEQ ID NO: 17:
  • the nucleotide sequence of CD3 ⁇ is shown in SEQ ID NO: 18:
  • the coding nucleotide sequence of Furin-T2A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 20:
  • amino acid sequence of the signal peptide of FAP is shown in SEQ ID NO: 21:
  • nucleotide sequence of the signal peptide of FAP is shown in SEQ ID NO: 22:
  • the coding nucleotide sequence of FAP scFv is shown in SEQ ID NO: 24:
  • amino acid sequence of the Fc segment of IgG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 25:
  • the nucleotide sequence of the Fc segment of IgG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 26:
  • the amino acid sequence of the CD8 transmembrane region is shown in SEQ ID NO: 27:
  • the nucleotide sequence of the CD8 transmembrane region is shown in SEQ ID NO: 28:
  • amino acid sequence of 4-1BB is shown in SEQ ID NO: 29:
  • the nucleotide sequence of 4-1BB is shown in SEQ ID NO: 30:
  • the Meso-FAP dual CAR gene fragment was obtained by the method of full gene synthesis.
  • the reaction conditions are as follows:
  • PCR reaction denaturation at 94°C for 30 seconds; annealing at 60°C for 30 seconds; extension at 68°C for 1 minute. 25 cycles of reaction. Then extend for another 10 minutes at 72°C.
  • the reaction conditions are as follows:
  • PCR reaction denaturation at 94°C for 30 seconds; annealing at 60°C for 30 seconds; extension at 68°C for 2 minutes. 25 cycles of reaction. Then extend for another 10 minutes at 72°C.
  • the reaction conditions are as follows:
  • PCR reaction denaturation at 94°C for 30 seconds; annealing at 60°C for 30 seconds; extension at 68°C for 3 minutes. 25 cycles of reaction. Then extend for another 10 minutes at 72°C.
  • the lentiviral vector pWPXLd was linearized by restriction enzymes EcoR1 and BamH1, and the single CAR gene amplified fragment was inserted into the EcoR I/BamH of pWPXLd using Tiangen EasyGeno rapid recombination cloning kit (Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., VI201) At site I, the recombinant product pWPXLd-single CAR was transformed into E. coli Stbl3, and 30 clones were randomly selected for sequencing and identification. The sequencing results are consistent with the designed full-length sequence of the single CAR.
  • the lentiviral vector pWPXLd was linearized by restriction enzymes EcoR1 and BamH1, and the full-length dual CAR gene amplified fragment was inserted into the EcoR I of pWPXLd using Tiangen EasyGeno rapid recombination cloning kit (Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., VI201) /BamH I site, the recombinant product pWPXLd-dual CAR was transformed into Escherichia coli Stbl3, and 30 clones were randomly selected for sequencing and identification. The sequencing results are consistent with the designed full-length sequence of dual CAR.
  • Day 1 Plank. Digest the 293T cells with a good density of 80%, passage 1:3, about 1.0x 107cells/20ml/15cm plate, 5% CO 2 , and culture overnight at 37°C. The cell density is about 50-70% (not more than 70%) at 16h.
  • Day 2 Transfection. 2 hours before transfection, replace the medium with pre-warmed 10% DMEM high glucose medium without antibiotics, 20 ml/dish. All transfection reagents and plasmids are placed at room temperature to equilibrate. Transfection: a.
  • Ultra-high-speed centrifuge Match rotor and sleeve, ultra-speed centrifuge tube, balance for balancing. Sterilize the sleeve and balance with ultraviolet for 30 minutes. The virus suspension filtered with a 0.45um filter is added to the centrifuge tube, and the balance is strictly adjusted. Put each well-balanced sleeve into the centrifuge rotor, and centrifuge at 20°C, 70,000g, 2h. After centrifugation, discard the culture medium and place the centrifuge tube upside down on the sterile filter paper to remove the remaining culture medium. Use sterile PBS (200ul/tube) to resuspend the virus pellet, and divide the resuspended virus into EP tubes (100ul/tube), and store in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at -80°C.
  • sterile PBS 200ul/tube
  • a six-well plate was coated with a diluent (50ug/ml) of Fibronectin (RetroNectin) at 4°C overnight.
  • a diluent 50ug/ml
  • Fibronectin RetroNectin
  • aspirate the fibronectin diluent block the six-well plate with PBS containing 2% BSA (bovine serum albumin) for 30 minutes, discard the supernatant, and rinse with PBS for 3 counts.
  • SKOV3 cells were negative for MSLN expression. They were infected with lentivirus and transformed into the full-length MSNL gene to construct a SKOV3 cell line stably expressing MSLN (see Figure 4).
  • Human IL-2 and IFN ⁇ ELISA Kit (Thermo) were used to detect cytokine release. Collect the cell supernatant and store at -20°C. When testing, mix 50ul sample analysis buffer and 50ul specimen, add to the test plate, incubate overnight at 4°C; wash the plate 5 times, aspirate the supernatant, and add the biotinylated antibody working solution (100ul/well); use sealing glue Seal the reaction wells with paper and incubate at room temperature for 60 minutes; wash the plate 5 times, aspirate the supernatant, add enzyme conjugate working solution (100ul/well), and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 20 minutes; wash the plate 5 times and add 100ul color developer TMB /Well, incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature in the dark; add 50ul/well of stop solution, and measure the OD450 value immediately after mixing.
  • the result is valid only if the value of the duplicate hole is within the range of 20% difference. Calculate the concentration of the supernatant according to the standard curve, and the final concentration should be multiplied by the dilution factor.
  • the results in Figure 5 show that when Meso single CAR and Meso-FAP dual targeting CAR-T cells are incubated with MSLN-positive SKOV3 cells, they can effectively activate the proliferation and killing effects of T cells, and release IL-2 and IFN- ⁇ in large quantities; FAP single CAR and Meso-FAP dual targeting CAR-T cells can also activate T cells when they are incubated with fibroblasts. However, due to the lack of CD3 ⁇ chain in the intracellular segment of FAP, its strength is significantly weaker than the activation of the Meso CAR structure.
  • Cell Trace TM CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo) and Cell Trace TM Far Red Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo) were used to stain effector cells and target cells, respectively.
  • effector cells such as control T cells, FAP CAR T, Meso CAR T cells or Meso-FAP dual CAR T cells
  • target cells such as tumor fibroblasts, SKOV3-MSLN and SKOV3 cells
  • SKOV3-MSLN and tumor fibroblasts are target cells, and SKOV3 is negative cells.
  • the death or proliferation of target cells reflects the killing ability of CAR-T in vitro.
  • the results are shown in Figure 6.
  • Meso CAR T Cells and Meso-FAP dual CAR T cells have obvious killing effects on MSLN-positive SKOV3; all T cells have no specific killing effects on MSLN and FAP-negative SKOV3 cells; FAP CAR T and Meso-FAP dual CAR T Cells have a certain killing effect on Fibroblast, but compared with specific killing, the effect is obviously weaker. It should be the indirect killing effect induced by the secretion of cytokines that causes the activation of T cells due to antigen binding.
  • MSLN-positive human ovarian cancer model rich in tumor-associated fibroblasts Existing studies mostly use SKOV3 cell direct inoculation to establish subcutaneous tumor models, ignoring the impact of tumor stromal cells on the treatment.
  • 1 ⁇ 10 6 MSLN-positive SKOV3 cells and 1 ⁇ 10 6 fibroblasts were mixed 1:1 subcutaneously to establish a human ovarian cancer model.
  • the tumor grows to 50-100mm 3 5 ⁇ 106 different types of T cells were injected intravenously; 2 days later, the same dose was injected for the second time.
  • the tumor size was measured every 2 days after the first CAR-T injection. It can be clearly seen from the results in Figure 7 that the efficacy of Meso-FAP dual-targeting CAR-T cells is significantly better than that of FAP CAR T and Meso CAR T cells.
  • the dual-targeted CAR-T cells of mesothelin and FAP of the present invention can effectively recognize and kill MSLN-positive tumor cells, and can be activated by FAP-positive cells (releasing cytokines, not directly killing) ( Figure 2)
  • the curative effect in vivo is significantly better than that of MSLN single-targeted CAR-T cells and better than control T cells.
  • the present invention constructs a dual-target chimeric antigen receptor containing MSLN and FAP.

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Abstract

本发明属于基因工程领域。针对实体肿瘤中肿瘤细胞和成纤维细胞FAP表达上调这一现象，本发明提供一种同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其能竞争结合FAP，将FAP的抑制信号转化为激活信号，增强T细胞杀伤活性，同时在其下游引入的4-1BB能促进T细胞增殖、存活。本发明还提供了表达上述双靶点抗原受体的宿主细胞，以及它们在预防或治疗恶性肿瘤/实体瘤中的用途。

Description

同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体及其用途 技术领域
本发明属于基因工程领域，具体涉及一种同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，本发明还涉及表达所述嵌合抗原受体的免疫反应细胞，以及所述嵌合抗原受体、免疫反应细胞的制备及其在诊断/治疗恶性肿瘤中的用途。
背景技术
2013年，Science杂志将肿瘤免疫疗法列为年度十大科技进展之首。嵌合抗原受体修饰(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)T细胞治疗是一项重要的肿瘤免疫疗法。利用抗原抗体scFv片段，链接T细胞胞内激活、增殖信号，形成嵌合型抗原受体(Chimeric antigen receptor，CAR)修饰的T细胞(CAR-T)，可使T细胞获得不依赖HLA(人类白细胞抗原)限制的抗原特异识别杀伤能力，其杀伤活性主要依赖CAR-T细胞表面的单链受体识别抗原，具有特异的杀伤活性。临床研究已经证实，这类CAR-T能够在体内增殖，存活并形成免疫记忆，在血液肿瘤临床试验中显示出高效的抗肿瘤活性。2017年CAR-T细胞产品Kymriah和Yescarta已被FDA批准用于血液肿瘤的临床治疗。然而，相比于在血液肿瘤治疗中取得的突破性进展，CAR-T细胞治疗在实体瘤中的应用进展缓慢。
研究表明CAR-T细胞治疗实体瘤存在几个挑战：(1)实体瘤缺乏理想的靶抗原。多数实体瘤治疗靶点都是肿瘤相关抗原(Tumor-associated antigens,TAA)。由于TAA表达在正常组织，靶向TAA存在潜在毒性。而且，实体瘤抗原在表达强度和分布方面存在明显的异质性。现有靶向单一抗原的CAR-T细胞无法清除所有肿瘤细胞，易导致肿瘤免疫逃逸。(2)实体瘤组织结构和蛋白表达异常，使CAR-T细胞难以通过血管等循环系统达到肿瘤部位。(3)在实体瘤中，局部抑制性免疫微环境会抑制抗肿瘤T细胞活性，如MDSC、Treg和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞等。多项临床试验表明，CAR-T细胞能够渗透至实体瘤内部并发挥靶向抗原的抗肿瘤活性，但是除极少数病例外，在患者体内的疗效是轻微和短暂的。因此，如何克服抑制性免疫微环境是CAR-T细胞治疗在实体瘤获得成功的关键。
间皮素是一种通过磷脂酰肌醇区(GPI)锚定在细胞膜上的糖蛋白，在多种肿瘤组织中高表达，但也有少量间皮素表达于正常的胸膜、心包和腹膜间皮细胞。间皮素基因编 码一种69kDa的前体蛋白，经加工后，形成一个40kDa的膜结合蛋白和一个31kDa的巨核细胞促进因子(MPF)，通常所说的间皮素指的是锚定在膜上的片段，根据其蛋白结构可以分为区域I、II、III三个区域。它一方面可以激活NFKB、MAPK和PI3K细胞内信号通路，促进细胞增殖和凋亡抵抗；另一方面与CA125/MUC16相互作用导致异常的细胞粘附，促进癌细胞转移。由于间皮素在正常组织中的分布有限而在多种恶性肿瘤(间皮瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、胆管癌等)中过表达，因此是一个很有潜力的肿瘤特异性治疗靶点。
目前，以间皮素为靶点的许多CAR-T细胞研究正在进行，国内国际上都已有多项临床试验开展，主要是针对胰腺癌，间皮瘤，肺癌和乳腺癌。但这些实体肿瘤都有一个特点，肿瘤间质比较丰富，其中含有大量的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(Tumor-associated fibroblast，TAF)。
成纤维细胞活化蛋白(Fibroblast Activation Protein，FAP，也称为seprase，是一种95kDa II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶，在结构上与二肽基肽酶IV(DPPIV/CD26)相关。FAP在肿瘤组织中的反应性基质成纤维细胞和伤口愈合中表达。FAP也是一种内肽酶，可以降解明胶，I型和IV型胶原，纤连蛋白和层粘连蛋白以及几种肽激素(例如神经肽Y，脑利钠肽，物质P，肽YY和Incretins)。FAP的基质降解活性有助于肿瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭。此外，FAP可以通过限制抗肿瘤免疫力的发展来增强肿瘤细胞的生长。因此，以FAP作为治疗靶点，可以广泛应用于多种实体瘤的治疗；其次，将其作为激活信号，可以有效逆转肿瘤的抑制性免疫微环境，并且没有明显的毒副作用。
针对实体瘤间质丰富和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞高表达FAP这一特征，我们前期设计构建了同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点CAR病毒载体。本发明以间皮素及FAP双靶向CAR-T(dual CAR-T)为例，说明包含FAP靶点的双靶点嵌合抗原受体能消除肿瘤细胞，解除肿瘤内部间质细胞的免疫抑制，预防和治疗恶性肿瘤/实体瘤，并用于临床相关预防与治疗。
发明内容
针对实体瘤间质丰富和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞高表达FAP这一特征，本发明提供一种基因工程修饰的双靶点嵌合抗原受体及其宿主细胞。
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题为：提供一种同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体可结合两个不同的靶点，传递两种信号。
本发明基因工程修饰的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体由识别间 皮素的嵌合抗原受体1和识别成纤维细胞活化蛋白FAP的嵌合抗原受体2通过连接肽连接而成。
其中，上述基因工程修饰的双靶点嵌合抗原受体中，所述的嵌合抗原受体2包括：FAP的单链抗体、铰链区、跨膜区和胞内结构域。
进一步的，所述的FAP的单链抗体是指能够结合肿瘤细胞或免疫细胞表面FAP分子的FAP的单链抗体。
进一步的，所述铰链区为人免疫球蛋白Fc段(IgG1 Fc段)。
进一步的，所述跨膜区为白细胞分化抗原8(CD8)跨膜区。
进一步的，所述的胞内结构域为4-1BB胞内结构域。
其中，所述的嵌合抗原受体2组成为：人FAP的scFv、IgG1 Fc段、CD8跨膜区、4-1BB共刺激分子肽段。
具体的，所述的嵌合抗原受体2的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：1所示。
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000001
进一步的，所述的嵌合抗原受体2的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：2所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000003
其中，所述的嵌合抗原受体1包括：能够结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的单链抗体、铰链区、跨膜区和胞内免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序。
其中，所述的肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原为(EGFR)、上皮细胞粘附分子(EpCAM)、间皮素(mesothelin)、白介素13受体α2(IL-13Rα2)、表皮生长因子受体2(ERBB2)、表皮生长因子受体3(ERBB3)、表皮生长因子受体4(ERBB4)、血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)、神经节苷脂抗原G D2(GD2)、叶酸受体(FR)、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、黑色素前体蛋白(gp100)、粘蛋白1(MUC1)、粘蛋白16(MUC16)、碳酸酐酶9(CA9)、L1细胞黏附分子(CD171)、L1细胞黏附分子(CD125)、白细胞分化抗原15-3(CD15-3)、白细胞分化抗原19-9(CD19-9)、NY-ESO-1、MART-1、MAGE4、白细胞分化抗原19(CD19)、白细胞分化抗原20(CD20)、白细胞分化抗原22(CD22)、白细胞分化抗原30(CD30)、白细胞分化抗原33(CD33)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、白细胞分化抗原38(CD38)、白细胞分化抗原138(CD138)、白细胞分化抗原123(CD123)、EPH受体A2(EPHA2)或胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGFR)中的至少一种。
其中，所述的能够结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的单链抗体是指能够结合表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)家族蛋白，包括EGFR、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)、表 皮生长因子受体3(ERBB3)、表皮生长因子受体4(ERBB4)或表皮生长因子受体变异III(EGFRvIII)、上皮细胞粘附分子(EpCAM)、间皮素(mesothelin)、白介素13受体α2(IL-13Rα2)、血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)、神经节苷脂抗原G D2(GD2)、叶酸受体(FR)、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、黑色素前体蛋白(gp100)、粘蛋白1(MUC1)、粘蛋白16(MUC16)、碳酸酐酶9(CA9)、L1细胞黏附分子(CD171)、L1细胞黏附分子(CD125)、白细胞分化抗原15-3(CD15-3)、白细胞分化抗原19-9(CD19-9)、NY-ESO-1、MART-1、MAGE4、白细胞分化抗原19(CD19)、白细胞分化抗原20(CD20)、白细胞分化抗原22(CD22)、白细胞分化抗原30(CD30)、白细胞分化抗原33(CD33)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、白细胞分化抗原38(CD38)、白细胞分化抗原138(CD138)、白细胞分化抗原123(CD123)、EPH受体A2(EPHA2)或胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGFR)。优选地，所述单链抗体为间皮素scFv。
其中，所述的跨膜区为白细胞分化抗原28(CD28)、白细胞分化抗原8(CD8)、白细胞分化抗原3ζ(CD3ζ)、白细胞分化抗原134(CD134)、白细胞分化抗原137(CD137)、诱导性T细胞共刺激分子(ICOS)、DNAX活化蛋白(DAP10)或白细胞分化抗原27(CD27)跨膜区中的至少一种。
其中，所述的铰链区为CD8a。
优选的，所述嵌合抗原受体1和2的跨膜区选择不同的跨膜区。更优选的，所述嵌合抗原受体1的跨膜区为CD28跨膜区，所述嵌合抗原受体2的跨膜区为CD8跨膜区。
其中，上述胞内免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序包含选自CD3ζ或FcεRI的免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序信号链。
其中，上述嵌合抗原受体1组成为：信号肽、人间皮素的scFv、CD8a铰链区、CD28跨膜区、CD3ζ结合域。
进一步的，所述的嵌合抗原受体1的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：3所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000005
进一步的，所述的嵌合抗原受体1的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：4所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000006
其中，所述的连接肽为Furin-T2A或P2A的至少一种。
连接肽T2A的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：5所示；编码连接肽T2A的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO：6所示。连接肽Furin的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：7所示；编码连接肽Furin的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO：8所示。
SEQ ID NO：5连接肽T2A的氨基酸序列：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000007
SEQ ID NO：6连接肽T2A的核苷酸序列：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000008
SEQ ID NO：7连接肽Furin的氨基酸序列：
RRKR。
SEQ ID NO：8连接肽Furin的核苷酸序列：
aggaggaagaga。
本发明的上述嵌合抗原受体1和嵌合抗原受体2，由一个载体共同表达。
本发明还提供了一种表达载体，所述的表达载体为同时表达上述嵌合抗原受体1和嵌合抗原受体2的表达载体。进一步的，所述的表达载体为真核或原核表达载体，所述的真核表达载体为质粒；所述的原核表达载体为病毒载体，所述的病毒载体包括逆转录病毒、重组慢病毒、重组腺病毒；进一步的，所述的病毒载体为pWPXLd。
本发明还提供了一种含有上述表达载体的宿主细胞。优选的，所述宿主细胞为免疫反应细胞。优选为T细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞。更优选为T细胞和自然杀伤细胞。
本发明还提供了一种上述双靶点嵌合抗原受体、含有上述嵌合抗原受体的重组载体、含有上述重组载体的宿主细胞在制备预防或治疗恶性肿瘤中的用途。
进一步的，上述用途中，所述的恶性肿瘤为实体瘤，尤其可以为肺癌、肝细胞癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、食管癌、肾癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明通过构建含有双靶点嵌合抗原受体表达单元的重组载体，能够在宿主细胞中同时表达两种抗原受体，其中一种抗原受体为结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的受体，能够对肿瘤细胞产生特异性靶向的作用，另一种抗原受体为FAP受体，主要表达于肿瘤相关成纤维细胞，当抗原受体2与肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制细胞接触时，可以将FAP的免疫抑制信号逆转为激活信号。本发明方法的双靶点特异性结合形式，既能够靶向肿瘤细胞，也针对肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制细胞，对预防和治疗富含间质组织的实体瘤有更好的效果。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明嵌合抗原受体的构架简图(其中可变区可替换为任意一单链抗体片段)；
图2所示为结合间皮素与结合FAP双靶点CAR的具体实施方式模式图；
图3所示为转染后T细胞表面CAR表达检测图；
图4所示为肿瘤细胞及成纤维细胞抗原检测图；
图5所示为细胞体外杀伤细胞因子检测图；
图6所示为CAR-T细胞体外杀伤结果；
图7所示为CAR-T治疗人SKOV3和成纤维细胞混合接种皮下模型结果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。下述实施例中，凡未注明具体实验条件的，均为按照本领域技术人员熟知的常规条件，例如Sambrook J,Russell D.W.,2001,Molecular Cloning:A laboratory manual(3 rd ed),Spring Harbor Laboratory Press中所述的条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
实施例1 双靶点嵌合抗原受体的重组慢病毒载体的构建
构建双靶点嵌合抗原受体的重组载体，表达框架为：5端到3端依次为：间皮素scFv-CD8a铰链区-CD28跨膜区-CD3ζ-Furin-T2A-FAP scFv-IgG1 Fc-CD8跨膜区-4-1BB。
间皮素的信号肽的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：9所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000009
间皮素的信号肽的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：10所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000010
间皮素的scFv的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：11所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000011
间皮素scFv的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：12所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000013
CD8a铰链区的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：13所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000014
CD8a铰链区的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：14所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000015
CD28跨膜区的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：15所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000016
CD28跨膜区的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：16所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000017
CD3ζ的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：17所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000018
CD3ζ的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：18所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000019
Furin-T2A的氨基酸为SEQ ID NO：19所示：
RRKRSGSGEGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGP。
Furin-T2A的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：20所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000020
FAP的信号肽的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：21所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000021
FAP的信号肽的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：22所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000022
FAP scFv的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：23所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000023
FAP scFv的编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：24所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000024
IgG1 Fc段的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：25所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000025
IgG1 Fc段的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：26所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000027
CD8跨膜区的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：27所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000028
CD8跨膜区的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：28所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000029
4-1BB的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：29所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000030
4-1BB的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：30所示：
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000031
按上述序列合成双靶点嵌合抗原受体，具体操作如下所示：
一、Meso单CAR、FAP单CAR和Meso-FAP双CAR基因的获得
采用全基因合成的方法得到Meso-FAP双CAR基因片段。
同时，设计如下引物扩增Meso单CAR片段：
5’引物：SEQ ID NO：31
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000032
3’引物：SEQ ID NO：32
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000033
反应条件如下：
PCR反应：94℃变性30秒；60℃退火30秒；68℃延伸1分钟。反应25个循环。然后72℃再延伸10分钟。
设计如下引物扩增FAP单CAR片段：
5’引物：SEQ ID NO：33
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000034
3’引物：SEQ‘ID NO：34
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000035
反应条件如下：
PCR反应：94℃变性30秒；60℃退火30秒；68℃延伸2分钟。反应25个循环。 然后72℃再延伸10分钟。
设计如下引物扩增Meso-FAP双CAR片段：
5’引物：SEQ ID NO：35
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000036
3’引物：SEQ ID NO：36
Figure PCTCN2020092671-appb-000037
反应条件如下：
PCR反应：94℃变性30秒；60℃退火30秒；68℃延伸3分钟。反应25个循环。然后72℃再延伸10分钟。
二、Meso-CAR、FAP-CAR和Meso-FAP双CAR基因的慢病毒重组质粒的构建
如上所述，在全基因合成片段中的没有酶切位点，我们采用同源重组的方法将片段直接插入真核表达载体pWPXLd(购自美国addgene公司)的多克隆位点EcoR I/BamH I中，重组后酶切位点将会消失。其构建过程如下：
1.重组慢病毒质粒pWPXLd-单CAR的构建
通过限制性内切酶EcoR1和BamH1将慢病毒载体pWPXLd线性化，利用天根EasyGeno快速重组克隆试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司、VI201)将单CAR基因扩增片段插入pWPXLd的EcoR I/BamH I位点，重组产物pWPXLd-单CAR转化大肠杆菌Stbl3，随机挑选30个克隆进行测序鉴定。测序结果与设计的单CAR全长序列一致。
2.重组慢病毒质粒pWPXLd-双CAR的构建
通过限制性内切酶EcoR1和BamH1将慢病毒载体pWPXLd线性化，利用天根EasyGeno快速重组克隆试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司、VI201)将全长双CAR基因扩增片段插入pWPXLd的EcoR I/BamH I位点，重组产物pWPXLd-双CAR转化大肠杆菌Stbl3，随机挑选30个克隆进行测序鉴定。测序结果与设计的双CAR全长序列一致。
使用Qiagen公司的质粒纯化试剂盒提取并纯化质粒，纯化步骤参照试剂盒说明书，获得重组表达载体的高品质，插入的目的片段结果如图1。
实施例2 慢病毒包装和T细胞CAR的表达
1、293T细胞的培养和传代：
先将含10％的胎牛血清和100U/ml青霉素链霉素的DMEM及胰酶放于37℃水浴锅中预热。待293T细胞密度长至80％-90％，用无菌移液管吸除培养皿中的培养基，加入2ml胰酶简略冲洗掉平皿中残存的培养基，随后吸尽并移除。向培养皿中滴入1ml胰酶， 镜下观察细胞，直到细胞变圆分离，吸除胰酶。向培养皿中加入5ml新鲜完全培养基，轻柔吹打下细胞。将细胞悬液分于其他培养皿，并添加培养基以达到每皿10ml。十字式晃动培养皿3次，摇匀细胞，镜下观察后放入37℃培养箱。观察细胞状态，待细胞长到80％-90％时进行下一次传代培养。
2、慢病毒原液的获取：
Day 1:铺板。80％密度状态良好的293T细胞消化，1:3传代,约1.0x 107cells/20ml/15cm平皿，5％CO 2、37℃培养过夜。16h细胞密度约50-70％(不超过70％)。Day 2：转染。转染前2小时，用预热的不含抗生素的10％DMEM高糖培养基换液，20ml/皿。所有转染试剂及质粒放置室温平衡。转染：a.在50ml BD管中配制以下DNA混合物(每15cm平皿)，psPAX2(packaging plasmid)22.5ug；pMD.2G(envelope plasmid)11.25ug；pWPXLd(lentivirus vector)22.5ug。b.加水定容至1125ul。c.2.5M CaCl2 125ul滴入DNA溶液,涡旋5s。将BD管置于涡旋仪上(4档)，2×BBS(1250ul)溶液逐滴加入DNA-CaCl2混合液，震荡5s。e.室温静置15分钟。将2.25ml转染混合物滴入平皿，十字交叉(各10次)轻轻摇晃混匀，3％CO 2，37℃培养。换液，12h后，吸去培养基，轻轻加入预热的2％DMEM培养基15ml，5％CO 2，37℃培养至48h。Day 4：转染后48hr，收集细胞上清，加入预热的含2％FBS的DMEM培养基15ml，5％CO 2，37℃培养；病毒上清0.45μm滤器过滤，4℃保存。Day 5：转染后72hr，收病毒上清，0.45μm滤器过滤，4℃保存。
3、慢病毒的浓缩：
仪器：超高速离心仪，配套的转子与套筒，超速离心管，配平用天平。将套筒及天平紫外消毒30min。将用0.45um的滤器过滤的病毒悬液加至离心管内，严格配平。将配平好的各套筒装至离心仪转子里，离心20℃，70000g，2h。离心完毕后，倒掉培养基，离心管倒置在灭菌滤纸上吸除剩余培养基。使用灭菌的PBS(200ul/管)重悬病毒沉淀，将重悬的病毒分装至EP管中(100ul/管)，-80℃超低温冰箱保存。
4、人外周血T淋巴细胞的分离：
抽取健康人外周血15-20ml，绿盖抗凝管收集。将等体积的外周血缓慢加入FICOLL淋巴细胞分离液中，32℃，1000g离心30min，加/减速度为3。离心过后可以看到血液分为3层，取中间白膜层。吸取的淋巴细胞加入到20mL无血清无抗生素X-VIVO培养基中离心，500g，10min。弃上清，用10mL无菌裂红液重悬淋巴细胞沉淀，孵育2-3min。离心500g，10min。弃上清，1640培养基洗两次，计数，加入CD3/CD28Dynabeads(life  technologies 11131D)(cells:beads＝1：3)，用添加50U/ml IL-2、10ng/ml IL-7和10ng/ml IL15的含5％人胎牛血清的X-vivo培养基重悬培养。
5、T细胞转染及CAR表达检测：
病毒感染前一天，用纤维连接蛋白(RetroNectin)稀释液(50ug/ml)包被六孔板，4℃过夜。感染当天，吸去纤维连接蛋白稀释液，使用含2％BSA(牛血清白蛋白)的PBS封闭六孔板30min，弃上清，使用PBS润洗3数。离心细胞，用含病毒上清的培养基(感染复数MOI＝1：10)重悬T细胞，混匀，加入六孔板中，32℃，1000g，2h离心。取出六孔板，放于37℃，5％CO 2细胞培养箱培养。
Meso单CAR、FAP单CAR和Meso-FAP双CAR浓缩病毒感染T细胞48h后，流式检测，抗人Fab抗体检测Meso-CAR的表达,FITC标记的FAP蛋白检测FAP-CAR的表达(见图3)。结果显示：在转染FAP单CAR的T细胞中，检测到73.83％的CAR表达；在转染Meso单CAR的T细胞中，检测到62.28％的CAR表达；在转染Meso-FAP双CAR的T细胞中，分别检测到52.14％的FAP CAR和54.68％的Meso CAR表达；检测结果说明：我们成功构建了靶向FAP和MSLN的单CAR和双CAR T细胞。
实施例3 间皮素和FAP双靶点CAR-T细胞的性能测定
1、靶细胞鉴定
通过流式检测，确定原代的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞高表达FAP。SKOV3细胞MSLN表达阴性，通过慢病毒感染，转入MSNL全长基因，构建稳定表达MSLN的SKOV3细胞系(见图4)。
2、CAR-T细胞体外杀伤能力，IL-2和IFN-γ分泌量的测定。
使用人IL-2和IFNγ ELISA Kit(Thermo)检测细胞因子释放。收集细胞上清，-20℃保存。检测时，50ul样本分析缓冲液和50ul标本混合，加入检测板中，4℃孵育过夜；洗板5次，吸去上清，加入生物素化抗体工作液(100ul/孔)；用封板胶纸封住反应孔，室温孵育60分钟；洗板5次，吸去上清，加入酶结合物工作液(100ul/孔)，避光室温孵育20分钟；洗板5次，加入显色剂TMB100ul/孔，避光室温孵育20分钟；加入终止液50ul/孔,混匀后即刻测量OD450值。结果判断:复孔的值在20％的差异范围内结果才有效，根据标准曲线计算上清浓度，最终浓度应乘以稀释倍数。图5的结果显示，Meso单CAR和Meso-FAP双靶向CAR-T细胞与MSLN阳性SKOV3细胞共孵育时，可以有效激活T细胞的增殖和杀伤作用，大量释放IL-2和IFN-γ；FAP单CAR和Meso-FAP双靶向CAR-T细胞与成纤维细胞共孵育时，也可激活T细胞，但由于FAP 胞内段缺乏CD3ζ链，其强度明显弱于Meso CAR结构的激活作用。
3、CAR-T细胞体外杀伤能力的测定。
用Cell Trace TM CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit(Thermo)和Cell Trace TM Far Red Cell Proliferation Kit(Thermo)分别对效应细胞和靶细胞进行染色。将效应细胞(如对照T细胞、FAP CAR T、Meso CAR T细胞或Meso-FAP双CAR T细胞)和靶细胞(如肿瘤成纤维细胞、SKOV3-MSLN和SKOV3细胞)按效靶比1:1，2:1，4:1，8:1加入12孔板中，靶细胞在每孔的细胞数为1*10 6个，增设仅有效应细胞或靶细胞的对照孔。其中，SKOV3-MSLN和肿瘤成纤维细胞为靶细胞，SKOV3为阴性细胞，观察流式结果，靶细胞的死亡或增殖情况反应CAR-T的体外杀伤能力，结果如图6所示，Meso CAR T细胞和Meso-FAP双CAR T细胞对MSLN阳性的SKOV3都有明显的杀伤作用；所有T细胞对MSLN和FAP表达阴性的SKOV3细胞都无特异性杀伤作用；FAP CAR T和Meso-FAP双CAR T细胞对Fibroblast有一定杀伤作用，但与特异性杀伤相比，作用明显较弱，应该是抗原结合引起导致T细胞激活，进而分泌细胞因子诱导的间接杀伤作用。
4、CAR-T细胞治疗人SKOV3卵巢癌皮下模型。
MSLN阳性的富含肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的人卵巢癌模型。现有研究多采用SKOV3细胞直接接种的方式建立皮下瘤模型，忽视了肿瘤间质细胞对治疗的影响，我们选择雌性8-12周龄NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtmWjl/SzJ(NSG)小鼠，通过将1×10 6MSLN阳性的SKOV3细胞和1×10 6成纤维细胞1：1皮下混合接种，建成人卵巢癌模型。待肿瘤长至50-100mm 3，静脉注射5×106不同种类的T细胞；2天后相同剂量第2次注射。从第1次CAR-T注射后每隔2天测量肿瘤大小。从图7的结果可以明显看出，Meso-FAP双靶向CAR-T细胞的疗效明显优于FAP CAR T和Meso CAR T细胞。
由上述试验结果可知：本发明的间皮素和FAP的双靶向CAR-T细胞可以有效识别和杀伤MSLN阳性的肿瘤细胞，可以被FAP阳性的细胞激活(释放细胞因子，不直接杀伤)(图2)，体内疗效明显优于MSLN的单靶向CAR-T细胞，更优于对照T细胞。本发明构建了一种含有MSLN和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，实验证明该双靶点嵌合抗原受体具有体外抗肿瘤效应，且在体内试验中验证了其更高的抗肿瘤活性，为富含间质的实体瘤提供了更有效的治疗方法。

Claims (21)

  1. 同时靶向间皮素和FAP的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体由识别间皮素的嵌合抗原受体1和识别FAP的嵌合抗原受体2通过连接肽连接而成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的嵌合抗原受体2包括：FAP的单链抗体、铰链区、跨膜区和胞内结构域。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：满足下述至少一项；
    所述的FAP的单链抗体是指能够结合肿瘤细胞或成纤维细胞表面FAP分子的FAP的单链抗体；
    所述铰链区为人IgG1 Fc段；
    所述跨膜区为CD8跨膜区；
    所述的胞内结构域为4-1BB胞内结构域。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的嵌合抗原受体2组成为：人体的FAP的scFv、人IgG1 Fc段、CD8跨膜区、4-1BB共刺激分子肽段。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的嵌合抗原受体2的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：1所示。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的嵌合抗原受体1包括：能够结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的单链抗体、铰链区、跨膜区和胞内免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原为EGFR、EpCAM、间皮素、IL-13Rα2、ERBB2、ERBB3、ERBB4、VEGFR1、VEGFR2、GD2、FR、PSMA、gp100、MUC1、MUC16、CA9、CD171、CD125、CD15-3、CD19-9、NY-ESO-1、MART-1、MAGE4、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD30、CD33、CEA、CD38、CD138、CD123、EphA2、IGFR中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的能够结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的单链抗体是指能够结合EGFR家族蛋白，包括EGFR、HER2、ERBB3、ERBB4或EGFRvIII、EpCAM、mesothelin、 IL-13Rα2、VEGFR1、VEGFR2、GD2、FR、PSMA、gp100、MUC1、MUC16、CA9、CD171、CD125、CD15-3、CD19-9、NY-ESO-1、MART-1、MAGE4、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD30、CD33、CEA、CD38、CD138、CD123、EphA2、IGFR的单链抗体。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的能够结合肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原的单链抗体为间皮素scFv。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的铰链区为CD8a。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的跨膜区为CD28、CD8、CD3ζ、CD134、CD137、ICOS、DAP10或CD27跨膜区中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述嵌合抗原受体1的跨膜区为CD28跨膜区，所述嵌合抗原受体2的跨膜区为CD8跨膜区。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述胞内免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序包含选自CD3ζ或FcεRI的免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序信号链。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述嵌合抗原受体1为：人间皮素的scFv、CD8a铰链区、CD28跨膜区、CD3ζ结合域。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述嵌合抗原受体1的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO：3所示。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的连接肽为Furin-T2A或P2A的至少一种。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体，其特征在于：所述的嵌合抗原受体1和嵌合抗原受体2，由一个载体共同表达。
  18. 同时表达权利要求1-17任一项所述的双靶点嵌合抗原受体的表达载体。
  19. 含有权利要求18所述的表达载体的宿主细胞。
  20. 权利要求1-17任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体、权利要求18所述的表达载体、权利要求19所述的宿主细胞在制备预防或治疗恶性肿瘤中的用途。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的用途，其特征在于：所述的恶性肿瘤为实体瘤，为肺癌、肝细胞癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、食管癌、肾癌、胰腺癌或前列腺癌中的至少一种。
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