WO2021120103A1 - 生物电泳装置、制备方法及含有该生物电泳装置的设备 - Google Patents

生物电泳装置、制备方法及含有该生物电泳装置的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120103A1
WO2021120103A1 PCT/CN2019/126601 CN2019126601W WO2021120103A1 WO 2021120103 A1 WO2021120103 A1 WO 2021120103A1 CN 2019126601 W CN2019126601 W CN 2019126601W WO 2021120103 A1 WO2021120103 A1 WO 2021120103A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
bioelectrophoresis
glue
making rack
electrophoresis
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PCT/CN2019/126601
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马培远
李雪原
杨太平
陈占军
田成浩
Original Assignee
韦克斯科技(北京)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/126601 priority Critical patent/WO2021120103A1/zh
Publication of WO2021120103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120103A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D57/00—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C
    • B01D57/02—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/453—Cells therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biological electrophoresis, in particular to a biological electrophoresis device, a preparation method and equipment containing the biological electrophoresis device, and more specifically, to a biological electrophoresis device applicable to various forms of gel film, and the biological electrophoresis device The preparation method and the biological electrophoresis equipment containing the biological electrophoresis device.
  • Western blotting is Western Blot. It is a commonly used experimental method in molecular biology, biochemistry and immunogenetics. The basic principle is to color cells or biological tissue samples processed by gel electrophoresis with specific antibodies. By analyzing the position and depth of the coloring, information about the expression of a specific protein in the analyzed cell or tissue is obtained.
  • Western blot experiments include multiple experimental steps such as electrophoresis and transfer: electrophoresis is a separation method that uses charged particles to move in an electric field. After DNA or protein molecules are extracted, electrophoresis technology is needed to detect their quantity and quality.
  • agarose and polyacrylamide gels were introduced into nucleic acid research, the gel electrophoresis technique for separating DNA or protein molecules according to their relative molecular weight has developed into an important experimental method for analyzing and identifying DNA or protein molecules.
  • Agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the nuclear techniques of gene manipulation, which can be used to separate, identify and purify DNA or protein molecules.
  • the technology is simple and fast to operate, and has become the technical basis for many general molecular biology research methods, such as DNA recombination, DNA nucleotide sequence analysis, DNA restriction endonuclease analysis, and restriction digestion mapping;
  • the protein separated after electrophoresis is transferred from the gel to the solid carrier (such as NC membrane).
  • the widely used gel film structure has two general forms , See Figure 1-2, a double-sided 11, 12 completely planar structure (see the parts 13 and 14 on the left and right sides of Figure 1 for being carried by the electrophoresis device); see Figure 3- Figure 4 As shown, the other is a structure with a flat surface 21 on one surface and a step 22 on the upper end of the other surface (see the parts 23 and 24 on the left and right sides of FIG. 3 for being received by the electrophoresis device).
  • the sample gel film structure has mainly existed in the market in these two structural forms for a long time. Different forms of gel film samples need to use different forms of bioelectrophoresis equipment, which greatly increases the inconvenience of using the equipment. . Two different types of gels are used with two different equipments. The barriers and inconveniences of the two different equipments due to the different forms of the gels make it difficult for the two different equipments to be widely used.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a bioelectrophoresis device that can be applied to various forms of gel film.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device can be compatible with different structural forms of gel film samples, and breaks the shape of gel film. The barriers and inconveniences caused by the differences make the bioelectrophoresis device more widely used in experiments.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device of the present invention which can be applied to various forms of gel film includes a support, a U-shaped groove is provided on the support, and the U-shaped groove is compatible with two different forms of sealing strips, so The two different forms of sealing strips can correspond to different forms of gel film.
  • sealing strips include a short sealing strip and a long sealing strip.
  • the side of the short sealing strip for receiving the gel film is provided with stepped protrusions; the long sealing strip is used for receiving One side of the gel film is flat.
  • a platinum wire for conducting electricity is laid on the bracket, and a fixing member for fixing the platinum wire is provided at the middle end of the bracket, and the fixing member is provided with a limiting hole for the platinum wire to pass through.
  • the material of the fixing member and the material of the bracket are the same, and the fixing member and the bracket are integrally formed.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a bioelectrophoresis device that can be applied to various forms of gel film. Through this method, the existing bioelectrophoresis device can be modified.
  • the method for preparing a bioelectrophoresis device applicable to various gel films of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • a fixing member is added to the middle end of the bracket, and the fixing member has a limit hole for the platinum wire to pass through.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a biological electrophoresis device, which includes the biological electrophoresis device of the above solution.
  • a biological electrophoresis device of the present invention includes the biological electrophoresis device and the glue making rack pressing device described in the above solution.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device includes a film clamping mechanism and a film lifting mechanism.
  • the film clamping mechanism is mainly composed of a film card plate movably connected at both ends of the bracket, a guide hole provided in the middle of the bracket, and a bottom of the bracket.
  • the guide groove is composed of a positioning block provided at the upper end of the bracket, the film card board is made of elastic material; the two ends of the guide groove are closed structures.
  • the film lifting mechanism is mainly composed of a film lifting support rod and a lateral push rod, the lifting support rod is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the bracket; one end of the lateral push rod is fixed on the film pallet , The other end of the lateral push rod points to the lifting support rod.
  • the glue-making rack pressing device includes glue-making glass, glue-making rack wrench, glue-making rack main body, auxiliary connecting rod, pressing connecting rod, pressing sealing strip, rotating button, elastic pressing plate, and glue-making rack A base, a third rotating shaft, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a fourth rotating shaft, a fifth rotating shaft, and a sixth rotating shaft;
  • Two pieces of glue glass are arranged in the front end of the glue making rack main body;
  • Both the left and right ends of the main body of the glue making rack are provided with glue making rack wrenches;
  • the bottom end of the wrench of the glue making rack is movably connected with the main body of the glue making rack through a third rotating shaft;
  • the fourth rotating shaft at the bottom end of the auxiliary connecting rod is movably connected to the main body of the glue making frame;
  • the rubber-making rack spanner and the compression connecting rod are movably connected through a second rotating shaft;
  • the secondary connecting rod and the compression connecting rod are movably connected by a first rotating shaft
  • a compression sealing strip is provided at the lower end of the base of the glue making rack
  • a glue-making rack base is provided on the lower side of the main body of the glue-making rack;
  • a rotary button is provided on the upper end of the base of the glue making rack
  • the front end of the rotary pressing hand is movably connected to the base of the glue making rack through the fifth rotating shaft;
  • the elastic pressing plate is movably connected to the base of the glue making rack through a sixth rotating shaft, and the elastic pressing plate is clamped between the rotary pressing hand and the base of the glue making rack.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device further includes an electrophoresis tank, and the electrophoresis tank is respectively embedded with a dedicated pipe on two opposite sides, and the two opposite dedicated pipes are used to communicate with external refrigeration equipment.
  • a sample holder is placed in the electrophoresis tank, and two electrode sheets respectively corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes of electrophoresis are directly clamped on both sides of the sample holder, so that the positive and negative electrodes of electrophoresis are directly on the sample holder.
  • the electrophoresis tank is also equipped with a drain valve, and the dedicated pipe embedded in the electrophoresis tank is connected to the drain valve.
  • the drain valve is a three-way valve and includes a first port and a second port. The first port and the second port communicate at 180°, the first port communicates with the third port at 90°, and the first port is provided with a liquid one-way valve.
  • the third port is provided with a gas one-way valve, and the liquid one-way valve and the gas one-way valve are arranged in opposite directions at a right angle.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device is provided with a unique U-shaped groove, and the U-shaped groove can be configured with two types of sealing strips.
  • the electrophoresis device can be compatible with sample gel films of two different structures. Therefore, it is possible to use the two most commonly used gel film samples with different structures in the market, so that the bioelectrophoresis device of the present invention has a wider range of use conditions, can be used in experiments more widely, and breaks the shape of the gel film. The barriers and inconveniences caused by differences.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device can be independently prepared, or can be obtained by modifying existing equipment.
  • This preparation method provides a method that can be modified on the bracket on the basis of the original old product (ie, the existing bioelectrophoresis device), that is, it can be used for the existing two different equipment (ie, the current bioelectrophoresis device).
  • the bioelectrophoresis device containing the bioelectrophoresis device of the present invention can have more structural improvements to improve work efficiency and use effect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a gel film currently on the market.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gel film in FIG. 1 in a right side view.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of another gel film currently on the market.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gel film of FIG. 2 in a right side view.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bracket of a bioelectrophoresis device of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bracket of a bioelectrophoresis device of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a short sealing strip of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a short sealing strip of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the short sealing strip of Fig. 6 installed in the U-shaped groove of the bracket of the bioelectrophoresis device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long sealing strip of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long sealing strip of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the long sealing strip of Fig. 8 installed in the U-shaped groove of the bracket of the bioelectrophoresis device.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a half-sectional structure of the bioelectrophoresis device of Embodiment 2 including a film clamping mechanism.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bioelectrophoresis device of Embodiment 2 including a film lifting mechanism.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrophoretic film of Embodiment 2 in a raised state.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrophoretic film of Embodiment 2 in a descending state.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the rubber-making rack wrench of Example 3 when it is loosened.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the rubber-making rack wrench of the third embodiment when clamped.
  • 16 is a cross-sectional view of the wrench of the glue making rack of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the glue making rack pressing device of the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 19 is an enlarged view of the rotary pressing of the hand according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sample holder of Example 5.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sample holder of Example 5.
  • Example 22 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure of the sample holder of Example 5.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure of the sample holder of Example 5.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure of the sample holder of Example 5.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the electric field of the parallel plate according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrophoresis tank containing a transfer module (sample holder) according to Embodiment 5.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrophoresis tank containing a transfer module (sample holder) according to Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the transfer assembly structure of the electrophoresis tank.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrophoresis tank equipped with a drain valve.
  • Figure 28 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the drain valve.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drain valve in the first working state.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drain valve in the second working state.
  • a bioelectrophoresis device that can be applied to various forms of gel film, including a support 30, a U-shaped groove 31 is provided on the support 30, and the U-shaped groove 31 is compatible with two different configurations.
  • the sealing strips 41 and 42, two different forms of sealing strips can correspondingly accept different forms of gel film.
  • the U-shaped groove is convenient to configure two U-shaped sealing strips of different shapes.
  • Two different types of sealing strips 41, 42 include a short sealing strip 41 and a long sealing strip 42.
  • the side of the short sealing strip for receiving the gel film is provided with a stepped protrusion 411, which can be used to support the existing market
  • the side of the long sealing strip used for receiving the gel film is a flat surface 421, which can be used to accept the gel film with a double-sided completely flat structure on the market.
  • the U-shaped sealing strip is preferably made of a foamed flexible sealing material, so that the sealing strip itself has elasticity, so that when receiving the gel film, it can play a good role in receiving and sealing.
  • a platinum wire for conducting electricity is laid on the bracket 30, the middle end of the bracket is provided with a fixing member 32 for fixing the platinum wire, and the fixing member is provided with a limiting hole for the platinum wire to pass through.
  • the material of the fixing member and the material of the bracket may be the same or different.
  • the fixing member and the bracket may be integrally formed, adhesively fixed, or embedded with tenon and tenon.
  • the fixing member may be a fixing member formed by one part, or a fixing member formed by two or more parts.
  • the fixing piece is a component, and the material of the fixing piece is the same as the material of the bracket, and the fixing piece and the bracket can be integrally formed, which is convenient for independent preparation.
  • the function of the fixing member is to fix the platinum wire, so that the platinum wire can be attached to the bracket more firmly, and it also protects the platinum wire during the cleaning process of the bioelectrophoresis device. Reduce the possibility of platinum wire breaking due to external force.
  • the biological electrophoresis device can be independently prepared according to an innovative structure, or can be obtained by modifying existing equipment.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a bioelectrophoresis device that can be applied to various forms of gel film, including the following steps:
  • a fixing piece is added to the middle end of the bracket, and the fixing piece has a limit hole for the platinum wire to pass through.
  • the way of adding can adopt mechanical mortise and tenon fixation, or adhesive fixation.
  • the preparation method provides a method that can be modified on the bracket on the basis of the original old product (that is, the existing bioelectrophoresis device), that is, it can be used for the existing two different equipment (that is, the existing The biological electrophoresis device) is modified.
  • a biological electrophoresis device of the present invention includes the biological electrophoresis device of Embodiment 1 and a glue making rack pressing device.
  • the glue making rack pressing device is matched with the biological electrophoresis device, and the structure between the two is independent.
  • the glue making rack pressing device is used for making gel film, and then fixing the made gel film on the biological electrophoresis device.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device includes a film clamping mechanism and a film lifting mechanism.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the structure including a film clamping mechanism.
  • the main components of the film clamping mechanism of this embodiment include: a film pallet 51 movably connected to both ends of the bracket 30, and a guide hole 52 provided in the middle of the bracket 30, A guide groove 53 is provided at the bottom of the bracket 30 and a positioning block 54 is provided at the upper end of the bracket 30.
  • the inner width dimension of the film pallet 51 is smaller than the total width of the clamped film, and the film pallet 51 is made of elastic material.
  • the guide groove 53 has a closed structure at both ends.
  • the function of the film clamping mechanism is to fix the tested electrophoresis film (or gel film), and play a supporting, fixing and sealing role for the entire electrophoresis process.
  • the film pallet 51 is placed on the left and right ends of the bracket 30, and the clamped electrophoretic film 10 is placed on the front and back sides of the bracket 30.
  • the guiding function makes the film pallet 51 only slide left and right during use.
  • the two ends of the guide groove 53 at the lower end of the bracket 30 are closed openings.
  • the upper end of the bracket 30 is provided with two positioning blocks 54.
  • the two structures work together to align the film pallet.
  • the limit function of 51 makes the film pallet 51 only slide left and right within the specified range; after the film pallet 51 slides inward, the film pallet 51 relies on the elastic force generated by its own elastic deformation to press the film to complete the fixation of the film. seal.
  • the film clamping mechanism is simple and easy to operate, has high stability, is conducive to quick and reliable operation of the product, greatly saves time, and improves work efficiency.
  • the film lifting mechanism of this embodiment is mainly composed of a film lifting rod 61 and a lateral push rod 62.
  • the lifting rod 61 It is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the bracket 30; one end of the transverse push rod 62 is fixed on the film pallet 51, and the other end of the transverse push rod 62 points to the lifting support rod 61.
  • One of the main functions of the bracket 30 is to fix the electrophoresis film to be tested, and to support, fix and seal the entire electrophoresis process. Due to the structural limitation of the electrophoretic film (or gel film, or film for short), the film needs to be pressed upward when the film is sealed, so the film lifting mechanism is required to lift the film.
  • the film pallet 51 is placed on the left and right ends of the bracket 30, the lifting support rod 61 on the film is placed at the lower end of the support 30, the lifting support rod 61 can be rotated, and the two clamped films 10 are respectively placed on the front and rear sides of the support 30, The film pallet 51 can move to the left and right sides in the film clamping mechanism. Referring to FIG.
  • the film lifting mechanism is simple and easy to operate, has high stability, and the lifting position is accurate and stable.
  • the glue making rack pressing device of this embodiment includes glue glass 71, glue making rack wrench 72, glue making rack The main body 73, the auxiliary connecting rod 74, the compression connecting rod 75, the compression sealing strip 76, the rotating button 77, the elastic pressing plate 78, the rubber frame base 79, the third rotating shaft 710, the first rotating shaft 711, the second rotating shaft 712, The fourth rotating shaft 713, the fifth rotating shaft 714 and the sixth rotating shaft 715; two pieces of glue glass 71 are provided in the front slot of the glue making frame body 73; the left and right ends of the glue making frame body 73 are equipped with glue making frame wrenches 72; the bottom end of the rubber frame wrench 72 is movably connected to the rubber frame main body 73 through the third shaft 710; the fourth shaft 713 at the bottom end of the auxiliary connecting rod 74 is movably connected to the rubber frame main body 73; the rubber frame wrench 72 is connected to the pressure The tight connecting rod 75
  • the rubber frame wrench 72, the auxiliary connecting rod 74, the compression connecting rod 75, the rotary button 77 and the elastic pressing plate 78 are all elastic materials; the compression sealing strip 76 is a flexible foam sealing material.
  • the state of use is: the glue making rack wrench 72 adopts a linkage mechanism to realize the pressing of the glue making rack main body 73 to the two pieces of glue glass 71, the pressing effect is good, and the gel leakage can be avoided; the rotating button on the glue making rack base 79
  • the hand 77 fixes the position of the glue-making glass 71 through the deformed cam mechanism.
  • the fixing effect is good and can avoid the translation of the glue-making glass 71.
  • the frame body 73 is connected with the rubber frame wrench 72, the auxiliary connecting rod 74, and the compression link 75 to form a double rocker structure.
  • the rubber frame wrench 72 When the rubber frame wrench 72 is pulled, the rubber frame wrench 72 passes through the rubber frame main body 73 and the auxiliary rod.
  • the connecting rod 74 drives the pressing connecting rod 75 to make a swing movement.
  • the pressing point above the pressing connecting rod 75 swings to be collinear with the auxiliary connecting rod 74, the clamping of the rubber glass 71 can be realized, and the auxiliary connecting rod 74 can be clamped at the same time. It is at the dead center position with the compression connecting rod 75, the compression connecting rod 75 will not reset by itself, but will remain in the compressed state.
  • the compression connecting rod 75 can be loosened;
  • the main body 73 of the glue making frame in the state is placed in the glue making frame base 79, the rotary knob 77 and the elastic pressing plate 78 are both placed on the upper end of the glue making frame base 79, and the rotary knob 77 is moved.
  • the difference in the distance between the centers realizes the pressing of the elastic pressing plate 78 when the rotary pressing hand 77 is pressed tightly, and the elastic force generated by the elastic deformation of the elastic pressing plate 78 is used to lift the elastic pressing plate 78 when the rotary pressing hand 77 is released, corresponding to the production of glue
  • a compression sealing strip 76 is placed on the frame base 79 to realize the pressing and loosening of the glue glass 71. After the glue glass 71 is fixed, gel is injected between the two glue glasses 71 to make a gel film.
  • the glue making rack pressing device adopts a connecting rod mechanism to realize the pressing of the glue making rack main body to the glue glass, the pressing effect is good, and the gel leakage can be avoided; the glue making base performs the glue glass making through the deformed cam mechanism Fixed, good fixing effect, can avoid glass movement.
  • each movement pair is in surface contact, the pressure per unit area received during transmission is small, and it is beneficial to lubrication, so the wear is lighter and the service life is longer. .
  • a compression sealing strip is provided at the lower end of the main body of the glue making rack of the glue making rack pressing device, which has an excellent sealing effect and can prevent gel leakage.
  • the bioelectrophoresis device further includes an electrophoresis tank 80.
  • the electrophoresis tank 80 is embedded with a dedicated pipe 81 on two opposite sides.
  • the dedicated pipe 81 is used to communicate with external refrigeration equipment. After the refrigeration equipment is connected to two dedicated pipes, it is used for circulating cooling of the buffer in the electrophoresis tank to ensure that the heat during the experiment can be released in time and ensure the experimental effect.
  • this embodiment embeds two dedicated pipes in the electrophoresis tank, which can be externally connected to the matching refrigeration device when used in the experiment, and the buffer in the electrophoresis tank is cyclically cooled to ensure that the experiment is in progress.
  • the heat can be dissipated in time to ensure the experimental effect.
  • the electrophoresis tank can be integrated and embedded with two opposite dedicated pipes, and can be configured to communicate with multiple refrigeration equipment.
  • the integrated structure is convenient for connecting refrigeration equipment, convenient and reliable, and can simplify the research process to the greatest extent.
  • a sample holder 90 is placed in the electrophoresis tank, and two electrode sheets 82 electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the electrophoresis are directly clamped on the sample holder 90.
  • the positive and negative electrodes 83 and 84 for electrophoresis are directly on the sample holder.
  • the electrode plates 97 fixed on the two surfaces of the sample holder 90 constitute the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrode.
  • a first backing fiber 91 As shown in FIG. 21, in the sample holder 90, a first backing fiber 91, a first filter paper 92, a transfer film 93, a gel 94, a second filter paper 95, and a second backing fiber 96 are stacked in order from top to bottom.
  • the electric field intensity has a proportional effect on the electrophoresis speed.
  • the higher the electric field intensity the faster the movement speed of the charged particles.
  • the distance is d.
  • the switch k is closed and stable, the voltage between the two plates of the capacitor is U. At this time, the electric field intensity generated between the two plates is:
  • the electrode spacing is about 4 cm, and the positive and negative electrodes are arranged on a frame projecting outward on both sides.
  • the innovative structure of this embodiment is that the positive and negative electrodes in the electrophoresis tank are directly placed on the sample holder (transfer module) through the electrode sheet, which greatly reduces the distance between the electrodes by more than one time, so that under the same voltage , Can provide greater electric field strength, thereby speeding up the transfer speed.
  • This embodiment strengthens the electric field strength by reducing the electrode spacing, increases the transfer rate of charged particles, and does not need to input a higher voltage. Combined with the integrated built-in dedicated pipeline of embodiment 4, it is connected to the supporting refrigeration equipment for rapid transfer. , Greatly shorten the transfer time.
  • the electrophoresis tank is also equipped with a drain valve 100, and a dedicated pipe 81 embedded in the electrophoresis tank 80 communicates with the drain valve 100.
  • the valve 100 is a three-way valve, including a first port 101, a second port 102, and a third port 103.
  • the first port 101 and the second port 102 communicate at 180°, and the first port 101 and the third port
  • the port 103 communicates at 90°
  • the first port 101 is provided with a liquid check valve 104
  • the third port 103 is provided with a gas check valve 105
  • the liquid check valve 104 and the gas check valve 105 are arranged in opposite directions at a right angle .
  • this embodiment is also equipped with a drain valve. There are two check valves placed at right angles and opposite to each other. The function and effect of the valve is that the valve body normally passes the liquid when the positive pressure is delivered to the valve body, and when the delivery is reversed Under pressure, the valve body passes gas and discharges the residual liquid in the refrigeration pipeline.

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Abstract

一种生物电泳装置、制备方法及含有该生物电泳装置的设备，生物电泳装置包括支架（30），支架（30）上设有U型沟槽（31），U型沟槽（31）兼容配置有两种不同形态的密封条（41、42），两种不同形态的密封条（41、42）可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。制备方法是一种可以在现有生物电泳装置的基础上进行改装的方法。含有该生物电泳装置的设备，还含有制胶架压紧装置和电泳槽（80），生物电泳装置包括胶片夹紧机构和胶片抬升机构。该生物电泳装置可以通用市面上最常用的两种不同结构的通用规格凝胶胶片样本，使得生物电泳装置拥有更广泛的使用条件。

Description

生物电泳装置、制备方法及含有该生物电泳装置的设备 技术领域
本发明涉及生物电泳领域，具体涉及一种生物电泳装置、制备方法及含有该生物电泳装置的设备，更具体的，涉及一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置、该生物电泳装置的制备方法以及含有该生物电泳装置的生物电泳设备。
背景技术
蛋白质印迹法(免疫印迹试验)即Western Blot。它是分子生物学、生物化学和免疫遗传学中常用的一种实验方法。其基本原理是通过特异性抗体对凝胶电泳处理过的细胞或生物组织样品进行着色。通过分析着色的位置和着色深度获得特定蛋白质在所分析的细胞或组织中表达情况的信息。Western Blot实验包括电泳与转印等多个实验步骤：电泳是利用带电粒子在电场中发生移动的一种分离方法。DNA或蛋白分子提取得到以后，需要通过电泳技术来检测其数量和质量。自从琼脂糖和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶被引入核酸研究以来，按相对分子质量大小分离DNA或蛋白分子的凝胶电泳技术，已经发展成为一种分析鉴定DNA或蛋白分子的重要实验手段。琼脂糖或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳是基因操作的核技术之一，它能够用于分离、鉴定和纯化DNA或蛋白分子。该技术操作简单而迅速，已经成为许多通用的分子生物学研究方法，如DNA重组、DNA核苷酸序列分析、DNA限制性内切酶分析及限制性酶切作图等的技术基础；转印是将电泳后分离的蛋白质从凝胶中转移到固体载体(例如NC膜)上，电泳设备在使用过程中，需要凝胶样片作为实验载体，广泛使用的凝胶胶片结构形式有两种通用形式，参见图1-图2所示，一种为双面11、12完全平面式结构(参见图1的左右两侧的用于被电泳设备承接的部位13、14)；参见图3-图4所示，另一种为一面平面21，另一面上端带有台阶22的结构(参见图3的左右两侧用于被电泳设备承接的部位23、24)。
样品凝胶胶片结构长期以来主要以这两种结构形式存在于市场上，针对不 同结构形式(或称不同形态)的凝胶胶片样本需要使用不同形式的生物电泳设备，大大的增加设备使用的不便。两种不同形态的凝胶胶分别用两种不同的设备，因凝胶胶片形态不同而带来两种不同的设备的隔阂与使用不便，使两种不同的设备都难以广泛运用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，本生物电泳装置能够兼容不同结构形式的凝胶胶片样本使用，打破因凝胶胶片形态不同而带来的隔阂与使用不便，使本生物电泳装置可更广泛的应用于实验当中。
所采用的技术方案为：
本发明的一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，包括支架，所述支架上设有U型沟槽，所述U型沟槽兼容配置有两种不同形态的密封条，所述两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。
进一步地，所述两种不同形态的密封条包括短密封条和长密封条，所述短密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面设有台阶凸起；所述长密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面为平面。
进一步地，所述支架上铺设有用于导电的铂金丝，所述支架的中间端设有用于固定所述铂金丝的固定件，所述固定件设有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔。
进一步地，所述固定件的材质和支架的材质相同，所述固定件和支架一体成型。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置的制备方法。通过该方法可以对现有生物电泳装置进行改装得到。
本发明的一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.在现有生物电泳装置的支架上开设U型沟槽，且降低U型沟槽两侧边高度；
S2.配置两种不同形态的密封条，使两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同 形态的凝胶胶片。
进一步地，还包括：
S3.在支架的中间端增设固定件，所述固定件具有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种生物电泳设备，该生物电泳设备包括了上述方案的生物电泳装置。
具体的，本发明的一种生物电泳设备，其包括上述方案所述的生物电泳装置和制胶架压紧装置。
进一步地，所述生物电泳装置包括胶片夹紧机构和胶片抬升机构，所述胶片夹紧机构主要由所述支架两端活动连接的胶片卡板、支架中部设有的导向孔、支架底部设有的导向槽以及支架上端设有的定位块构成，所述胶片卡板为弹性材料；所述导向槽两端为封闭的结构。
进一步地，所述胶片抬升机构主要由胶片抬升支杆和横向推杆构成，所述抬升支杆可旋转地连接在所述支架的底端；所述横向推杆的一端固定在胶片卡板上，所述横向推杆的另一端指向所述抬升支杆。
进一步地，所述制胶架压紧装置包括制胶玻璃、制胶架扳手、制胶架主体、副连杆、压紧连杆、压紧密封条、旋转按手、弹性压板、制胶架底座、第三转轴、第一转轴、第二转轴、第四转轴、第五转轴和第六转轴；
所述制胶架主体前端卡槽中设有两块制胶玻璃；
所述制胶架主体左、右两端均设有制胶架扳手；
所述制胶架扳手底端通过第三转轴与制胶架主体活动连接；
所述副连杆底端第四转轴活动连接在制胶架主体上；
所述制胶架扳手与压紧连杆通过第二转轴活动连接；
所述副连杆和压紧连杆通过第一转轴活动连接；
所述制胶架底座下端设有一个压紧密封条；
所述制胶架主体下侧设有一个制胶架底座；
所述制胶架底座上端设有一个旋转按手；
所述旋转按手前端通过第五转轴活动连接在制胶架底座上；
所述弹性压板通过第六转轴活动连接在制胶架底座上，所述弹性压板夹在旋转按手与制胶架底座之间。
进一步地，该生物电泳设备还包括电泳槽，所述电泳槽在相对的两侧分别内嵌有一根专用管道，此相对的两根专用管道用于连通外部的制冷设备。
进一步地，所述电泳槽内放置有样品夹，有与电泳的正负电极分别对应电连接的两电极片直接夹在样品夹上的两侧，使电泳的正负电极直接在样品夹上。
进一步地，所述电泳槽还配有一个排液阀门，在电泳槽内嵌的所述专用管道连通该排液阀门，所述排液阀门为三通阀，包括第一通口、第二通口和第三通口，第一通口和第二通口呈180°相通，第一通口和第三通口呈90°相通，所述第一通口设有液体单向阀，所述第三通口设有气体单向阀，所述液体单向阀和所述气体单向阀呈直角反向设置。
本发明的有益效果在于：
第一方面，本生物电泳装置设有独特的U型沟槽，U型沟槽可兼容配置两种密封条。配合密封条的更换，可使电泳设备兼容两种不同结构形式的样品凝胶胶片使用。从而实现可以通用市面上最常用的两种不同结构的通用规格凝胶胶片样本，使得本发明的生物电泳装置拥有更广泛的使用条件，可更广泛地运用于实验当中，打破因凝胶胶片形态不同而带来的隔阂与使用不便。
第二方面，本生物电泳装置可以独立制备，也可以对现有设备的改装得到。本制备方法即提供了一种可以在原有老款产品(即现有生物电泳装置)的基础上，在支架上进行改装的方法，也就是其可以对现有的两种不同的设备(即现有生物电泳装置)进行改装得到。
第三方面，本发明的含有的生物电泳装置的生物电泳设备能够具备更多结构的改进，来提高工作效率设使用效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有市面上的一种凝胶胶片的立体结构示意图。
图2为图1的凝胶胶片的右侧视结构示意图。
图3为现有市面上的另一种凝胶胶片的立体结构示意图。
图4为图2的凝胶胶片的右侧视结构示意图。
图5为实施例1的一种生物电泳装置的支架的结构示意图。
图6为实施例1的一种短密封条的结构示意图。
图7为图6的短密封条安装在生物电泳装置的支架的U型沟槽内的结构示意图。
图8为实施例1的一种长密封条的结构示意图。
图9为图8的长密封条安装在生物电泳装置的支架的U型沟槽内的结构示意图。
图10为实施例2的生物电泳装置含有胶片夹紧机构的半剖视结构示意图。
图11为实施例2的生物电泳装置含有胶片抬升机构的结构示意图。
图12为实施例2的电泳胶片抬升状态的结构示意图。
图13为实施例2的电泳胶片下降状态的结构示意图。
图14为实施例3的制胶架扳手松开时示意图。
图15为实施例3的制胶架扳手夹紧时示意图。
图16为实施例3的制胶架扳手剖视图。
图17为实施例3的制胶架压紧装置整体结构示意图。
图18为实施例3的制胶架压紧装置的剖视图。
图19为实施例3的旋转按手放大图。
图20为实施例4的电泳槽的结构示意图。
图21为实施例5的样品夹的内部结构示意图。
图22为实施例5的样品夹的电极结构示意图。
图23为实施例5的样品夹的电极原理结构图。
图24为实施例5的平行板电场原理图。
图25为实施例5的含有转印模块(样品夹)的电泳槽的结构示意图。
图26为电泳槽转印总装结构示意图。
图27为配有排液阀门的电泳槽的结构示意图。
图28为排液阀门的剖面结构示意图。
图29为排液阀门第一种工作状态下的结构示意图。
图30为排液阀门第二种工作状态下的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明优选的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
参见图5-图9所示，一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，包括支架30，支架30上设有U型沟槽31，U型沟槽31兼容配置有两种不同形态的密封条41、42，两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。
U型沟槽方便配置两条不同形态的U型密封条。两种不同形态的密封条41、42包括短密封条41和长密封条42，短密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面设有台阶凸起411，可以用来对应承接现有市面上的一面为平面另一面上端带有台阶结构的凝胶胶片；长密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面为平面421，可以用来承接现有市面上的双面完全平面式结构的凝胶胶片。U型密封条优选发泡柔性密封材质制成，使密封条本身具有弹性，这样承接凝胶胶片时，能够很好的起到承接又密封的作用。
作为另一种更优选的具体实施方式，支架30上铺设有用于导电的铂金丝，支架的中间端设有用于固定铂金丝的固定件32，固定件设有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔(未示出)。该固定件的材质和支架的材质可以相同也可以不同，固定件和支架可以一体成型，也可以粘结固定，或者嵌入式的卯榫固定。固定件可以为一个部件形成的固定件，也可以由2个以上的部件形成的固定件。优选固定件为一个部件，且固定件的材质和支架的材质相同，固定件和支架可以一体成型，这样方便独立制备。当不是一体成型时，可以选择机械式的卯榫固定，或者胶粘剂的粘结固定。无论是何种固定方式，固定件的作用在于，用于固定铂金丝，可使铂金丝更牢靠的贴附在支架上，后期对生物电泳装置的清洗过程中也起到保护铂金丝的作用，减少铂金丝因外力折断的可能性。
本生物电泳装置可以根据创新的结构独立制备，也可以对现有设备进行改装得到。
为此，本发明提供一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.在现有生物电泳装置的支架上开设U型沟槽，且降低U型沟槽两侧边高度；
S2.配置两种不同形态的密封条，使两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。
作为更优选的制备方法，还包括：
S3.在支架的中间端增设固定件，固定件具有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔。增设的方式可以采用机械式的卯榫固定，或者胶粘剂的粘结固定。
制备方法即提供了一种可以在原有老款产品(即现有生物电泳装置)的基础上，在支架上进行改装的方法，也就是其可以对现有的两种不同的设备(即现有生物电泳装置)进行改装得到。
现有生物电泳装置例如wix minipro、wix-easypro2等。
实施例2
本发明的一种生物电泳设备，其包括实施例1的生物电泳装置和制胶架压紧装置。制胶架压紧装置与生物电泳装置是配套的，两者之间的结构是独立的。 制胶架压紧装置用于制作凝胶胶片，然后将制作好的凝胶胶片再固定在生物电泳装置上。
为此，生物电泳装置包括胶片夹紧机构和胶片抬升机构。
图10示出了含有胶片夹紧机构的结构示意图，本实施例的胶片夹紧机构的组成部分主要有：与支架30两端活动连接的胶片卡板51、支架30中部设的导向孔52，支架30底部设有的导向槽53、支架30上端设有的定位块54。胶片卡板51的内宽度尺寸小于被夹胶片的尺寸总宽度，胶片卡板51为弹性材料。导向槽53两端为封闭的结构。
胶片夹紧机构作用是固定被测电泳胶片(或称凝胶胶片)，为整个电泳过程起到支撑固定密封作用。胶片卡板51置于支架30左右两端，被夹紧的电泳胶片10置于支架30前后两面，支架30中部有导向孔52，下侧有导向槽53，它们共同起到胶片卡板51的导向作用，使胶片卡板51在使用过程中仅可左右滑动，支架30下端导向槽53两端为封闭口，支架30上端设有两个定位块54，两者结构共同起到对胶片卡板51的限位作用，使胶片卡板51仅能在规定范围内左右滑动；在胶片卡板51向内侧滑动后，胶片卡板51依靠自身弹性变形产生的弹力压紧胶片，完成胶片的固定，密封。
本胶片夹紧机构简单易操作，稳定性高，有利于产品的快速可靠操作，极大的节约了时间，提高了工作效率。
参见图11-图13所示，图11的圆圈处示出了本实施例的胶片抬升机构，本实施例的胶片抬升机构主要由胶片抬升支杆61和横向推杆62构成，抬升支杆61可旋转地连接在支架30的底端；横向推杆62的一端固定在胶片卡板51上，横向推杆62的另一端指向抬升支杆61。
支架30的一个主要作用是固定被测电泳胶片，以及为整个电泳过程起到支撑固定密封作用。由于电泳胶片(或称凝胶胶片，又简称胶片)的结构限制，在胶片密封时需要胶片向上方压紧，因此需要本胶片抬升机构对胶片产生抬升作用。胶片卡板51置于支架30左右两端，胶片上的抬升支杆61置于支架30下端，抬升支杆61可做旋转运动，两被被夹紧的胶片10分别置于支架30前后两面，胶片卡板51在胶片夹紧机构中可向左右两侧移动。参见图12所示，当胶片卡板51向内侧移动时，胶片卡板51下方的横向推杆62与胶片上的抬升支 杆61接触，并迫使胶片上的抬升支杆61向上方运动，从而推动胶片10抬升，达到胶片密封固定效果。
如果要使胶片下降，则是上述动作的相反过程。参见图13所示，即是胶片卡板51向外侧移动，胶片卡板51下方的横向推杆62与胶片上的抬升支杆61渐渐脱离接触，胶片上的抬升支杆61在重力作用下向下方运动。
该胶片抬升机构简单易操作，稳定性高，抬升位置准确，稳定。
实施例3
在实施例2的基础上，本实施例的制胶架压紧装置，如图14至图19所示，该制胶架压紧装置包括制胶玻璃71、制胶架扳手72、制胶架主体73、副连杆74、压紧连杆75、压紧密封条76、旋转按手77、弹性压板78、制胶架底座79、第三转轴710、第一转轴711、第二转轴712、第四转轴713、第五转轴714和第六转轴715；制胶架主体73前端卡槽中设有两块制胶玻璃71；制胶架主体73左、右两端均设有制胶架扳手72；制胶架扳手72底端通过第三转轴710与制胶架主体73活动连接；副连杆74底端第四转轴713活动连接在制胶架主体73上；制胶架扳手72与压紧连杆75通过第二转轴712活动连接；副连杆74和压紧连杆75通过第一转轴711活动连接；制胶架底座79下端设有一个压紧密封条76；制胶架主体73下侧设有一个制胶架底座79；制胶架底座79上端设有一个旋转按手77；旋转按手77前端通过第五转轴714活动连接在制胶架底座79上；弹性压板78通过第六转轴715活动连接在制胶架底座79上，弹性压板78夹在旋转按手77与制胶架底座79之间。
其中，制胶架扳手72、副连杆74、压紧连杆75、旋转按手77和弹性压板78均为弹性材质；压紧密封条76为柔性发泡密封材质。
使用状态为：制胶架扳手72采用连杆机构实现制胶架主体73对两块制胶玻璃71的压紧，压紧效果好，可避免凝胶泄露；制胶架底座79上的旋转按手77通过变型凸轮机构对制胶玻璃71进行位置固定，固定效果好，可避免制胶玻璃71平移，具体操作时，先将两块制胶玻璃71对齐放入制胶架主体73，制胶架主体73与制胶架扳手72、副连杆74、压紧连杆75相连形成双摇杆结构，当扳动制胶架扳手72时，制胶架扳手72通过制胶架主体73和副连杆74带动压紧连杆75做摆动运动，当压紧连杆75上方压紧点摆动到与副连杆74共线时即 可实现对制胶玻璃71的夹紧，同时副连杆74与压紧连杆75处于死点位置，压紧连杆75不会自行复位，会保持压紧状态，当拉开制胶架扳手72时，压紧连杆75方能松开；将压紧状态下的制胶架主体73放入制胶架底座79，旋转按手77和弹性压板78均置于制胶架底座79上端，扳动旋转按手77，旋转按手77利用两端面与转轴中心的距离差，在旋转按手77压紧时实现弹性压板78的压下，利用弹性压板78自身弹性形变产生的弹力在旋转按手77松开状态时使弹性压板78抬起，对应制胶架底座79上放有压紧密封条76从而实现制胶玻璃71的压紧与松开，将制胶玻璃71固定后向两块制胶玻璃71间注塑凝胶，制作凝胶胶片。
制胶架压紧装置能够实现的技术效果有：
(1)本制胶架压紧装置采用连杆机构实现制胶架主体对制胶玻璃的压紧，压紧效果好，可避免凝胶泄露；制胶底座通过变型凸轮机构对制胶玻璃进行固定，固定效果好，可避免玻璃移动。
(2)本制胶架压紧装置的平面连杆机构中，各运动副均为面接触，传动时受到的单位面积上的压力较小，且有利于润滑，所以磨损较轻，寿命较长。
(3)本制胶架压紧装置的制胶架主体下端设有一个压紧密封条，密封效果极好，可防止凝胶泄露。
(4)本制胶架压紧装置由于接触面多为圆柱面或平面，制造比较简单，易获得较高的精度。
实施例4
在实施例2或实施例3的基础上，参见图20所示，该生物电泳设备还包括电泳槽80，该电泳槽80在相对的两侧分别内嵌有一根专用管道81，此相对的两根专用管道81用于连通外部的制冷设备。该制冷设备连通两根专用管道后，用于对电泳槽内的缓冲液进行循环制冷，以保证实验过程中的热量能及时散出，保证实验效果。
因为，在电泳实验中，会产生大量热量，热量无法散出会造成实验数据误差加大，严重的会烧毁样品，使得实验失败，现有的常用做法是在实验前准备大量冰块，在实验时将整个电泳槽放置入冰块内，以保证实验过程中的热量能 够有效转移。但是该方法需提前制备大量冰块，且占用空间巨大，大大增加实验人员的低效率工作强度。
因此，为了解决该技术问题，本实施例通过将电泳槽内嵌两根专用管道，用于实验时可外部连通配套的制冷装置，对电泳槽内的缓冲液进行循环制冷，以保证实验过程中的热量能及时散出，保证实验效果。
作为一种优选的实施例，电泳槽内可以一体化内嵌两根相对的专用管道，可以配置连通多种制冷设备。一体化结构便于连通制冷设备，便捷可靠，能够最大程度的简化研究过程。
实施例5
在实施例4的基础上，参见图21-图26所示，电泳槽内放置有样品夹90，有与电泳的正负电极分别对应电连接的两电极片82直接夹在样品夹90上的两侧，使电泳的正负电极83、84直接在样品夹上。样品夹90的两个面所固定的电极板97即构成了电极的正极和负极。
参见图21所示，样品夹90内从上往下依次层叠放置有第一衬托纤维91、第一滤纸92、转移膜93、凝胶94、第二滤纸95、第二衬托纤维96。
在转印实验中，电场强度对电泳速度起着正比作用，电场强度越高，带电颗粒移动速度越快。
参见图24所示，距离为d，当开关k闭合稳定后，电容器两板间电压为U，这时两板间产生的电场强度为:
E＝U/d
当U一定时，当将两极板间的距离由d增大到dˊ时。由上式可知，这时两板间的电场强度变为Eˊ＝U/dˊ，即电场强度减小，反之当减小d时，电场强度增大。
相比于现有的老式转印模块电极间距在4cm左右，其正负电极是设置在两侧往外凸的框架上。本实施例的创新结构在于：将电泳槽内的正负电极通过电极片直接置放于样品夹(转印模块)上，大大减小了电极间的距离一倍以上，使得在同样电压的前提下，可以提供更大的电场强度，从而加快转印速度。
本实施例通过减小电极间距从而加强电场强度，增加带电粒子转移速率，不需要输入更高的电压，结合实施例4的一体化内嵌专用管道，连接配套的制冷设备，可进行快速转印，大大缩短转印时间。
实施例6
在实施例4的基础上，参见图27-图30所示，所述电泳槽还配有一个排液阀门100，在电泳槽80内嵌的专用管道81连通该排液阀门100，该排液阀门100为三通阀，包括第一通口101、第二通口102和第三通口103，第一通口101和第二通口102呈180°相通，第一通口101和第三通口103呈90°相通，第一通口101设有液体单向阀104，第三通口103设有气体单向阀105，液体单向阀104和气体单向阀105呈直角反向设置。
参见图27、图28与29所示，在第一种工作状态下，实验进行时，电泳槽内嵌两根专用管道81，一根专用管道81连通排液阀门100，两根专用管道81还通过制冷管道200配套连通一制冷装置，与电泳槽形成封闭的循环通道；液体单向阀104只单向连通第一通口101和第二通口102；制冷装置对电泳槽内的缓冲液进行循环制冷，以保证实验过程中的热量能及时散出，保证实验效果。此时，排液阀门不影响缓冲液的正常工作。
参见图27、图28与图30所示，在第二种工作状态下，实验结束后，从第三通口103通入空气，气体单向阀105只单向连通第三通孔103和第二通口102，可将制冷管道200内液体(即缓冲液)排出，保护制冷管道200。
由于配套的制冷设备是用于循环电泳槽内的缓冲液从而降低电泳槽内温度，在实验结束后，需要将制冷设备的制冷管道内的缓冲液排出，以避免缓冲液在制冷管道淤积腐蚀堵塞制冷管道。因此本实施例还配有一个排液阀门，阀门内有两个呈直角并相反放置的单向阀，其作用和效果在于：向阀体输送正压时阀体正常通过液体，当输送反向压力时，阀体通过气体，排出制冷管道内残余液体。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，包括支架，其特征在于，所述支架上设有U型沟槽，所述U型沟槽兼容配置有两种不同形态的密封条，所述两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，其特征在于，所述两种不同形态的密封条包括短密封条和长密封条，所述短密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面设有台阶凸起；所述长密封条的用于承接凝胶胶片的一面为平面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，其特征在于，所述支架上铺设有用于导电的铂金丝，所述支架的中间端设有用于固定所述铂金丝的固定件，所述固定件设有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置，其特征在于，所述固定件的材质和支架的材质相同，所述固定件和支架一体成型。
  5. 一种权利要求1所述的可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1.在现有生物电泳装置的支架上开设U型沟槽，且降低U型沟槽两侧边高度；
    S2.配置两种不同形态的密封条，使两种不同形态的密封条可对应承接不同形态的凝胶胶片。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可适用多种形态凝胶胶片的生物电泳装置的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    S3.在支架的中间端增设固定件，所述固定件具有用于铂金丝穿过的限位孔。
  7. 一种生物电泳设备，其特征在于，该生物电泳设备包括权利要求1-4任一所述的生物电泳装置和制胶架压紧装置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，所述生物电泳装置包括胶片夹紧机构和胶片抬升机构，所述胶片夹紧机构主要由所述支架两端活 动连接的胶片卡板、支架中部设有的导向孔、支架底部设有的导向槽以及支架上端设有的定位块构成，所述胶片卡板为弹性材料；所述导向槽两端为封闭的结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，所述胶片抬升机构主要由胶片抬升支杆和横向推杆构成，所述抬升支杆可旋转地连接在所述支架的底端；所述横向推杆的一端固定在胶片卡板上，所述横向推杆的另一端指向所述抬升支杆。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，所述制胶架压紧装置包括制胶玻璃、制胶架扳手、制胶架主体、副连杆、压紧连杆、压紧密封条、旋转按手、弹性压板、制胶架底座、第三转轴、第一转轴、第二转轴、第四转轴、第五转轴和第六转轴；
    所述制胶架主体前端卡槽中设有两块制胶玻璃；
    所述制胶架主体左、右两端均设有制胶架扳手；
    所述制胶架扳手底端通过第三转轴与制胶架主体活动连接；
    所述副连杆底端第四转轴活动连接在制胶架主体上；
    所述制胶架扳手与压紧连杆通过第二转轴活动连接；
    所述副连杆和压紧连杆通过第一转轴活动连接；
    所述制胶架底座下端设有一个压紧密封条；
    所述制胶架主体下侧设有一个制胶架底座；
    所述制胶架底座上端设有一个旋转按手；
    所述旋转按手前端通过第五转轴活动连接在制胶架底座上；
    所述弹性压板通过第六转轴活动连接在制胶架底座上，所述弹性压板夹在旋转按手与制胶架底座之间。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，该生物电泳设备还包括电泳槽，所述电泳槽在相对的两侧分别内嵌有一根专用管道，此相对的两根专用管道用于连通外部的制冷设备。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，所述电泳槽内放置有样品夹，有与电泳的正负电极分别对应电连接的两电极片直接夹在样品夹上的两侧，使电泳的正负电极直接在样品夹上。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的生物电泳设备，其特征在于，所述电泳槽还配有一个排液阀门，在电泳槽内嵌的所述专用管道连通该排液阀门，所述排液阀门为三通阀，包括第一通口、第二通口和第三通口，第一通口和第二通口呈180°相通，第一通口和第三通口呈90°相通，所述第一通口设有液体单向阀，所述第三通口设有气体单向阀，所述液体单向阀和所述气体单向阀呈直角反向设置。
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