WO2021114655A1 - 一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法 Download PDF

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WO2021114655A1
WO2021114655A1 PCT/CN2020/101427 CN2020101427W WO2021114655A1 WO 2021114655 A1 WO2021114655 A1 WO 2021114655A1 CN 2020101427 W CN2020101427 W CN 2020101427W WO 2021114655 A1 WO2021114655 A1 WO 2021114655A1
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seedlings
water
rice
seeds
field
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PCT/CN2020/101427
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French (fr)
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向先金
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湘西盛世御品农业发展有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of tribute rice planting, in particular to a high-yield planting and cultivation method for grain-sharp tribute rice.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield planting and cultivation method for tribute rice in view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the method of operation is simple, the cost is lower, the yield is high, the taste of planted tribute rice is better, and the antibacterial ability is better. Stronger, lower pesticide usage rate.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: it includes the following steps: step one, the field is plowed and irrigated with water. When plowing the ground, it is necessary to plow the ground several times, and add plant ash to raise the ground, and then Channels such as diversion canals are dug around the field to facilitate water discharge and diversion; step two, transplant seedlings cultivated by special methods into the field; step three, when transplanting seedlings, need to control the spacing of seedlings; step four, after transplanting seedlings , Fertilize the seedlings for the first time, and apply the appropriate amount of fertilizer; Step 5, scientifically pipe water for the seedlings, adjust the water layer according to the different growth periods and growth characteristics of the rice, and rationally irrigate and dry the field to achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing temperature , Maintain 4-5cm deep water layer to protect seedlings from transplanting to slow seedling stage, maintain a shallow water layer of about 3cm in the early stage
  • the method for cultivating special seedlings is as follows: the tribute rice seeds to be selected are subjected to the operation of "seeding" under the sun, and the seeding time is about three days; to select high-quality tribute rice seeds, first select the shape Non-destructive, full-grained seeds, then put the selected seeds in cold water soak for half an hour, after soaking, remove the gongmi seeds floating on the water, the remaining seeds are the selected seeds; the selected seeds Soak in warm water and add disinfectant for disinfection. The soaking time is about three to four days.
  • the spacing of the seedlings is controlled such that the vertical spacing is controlled between 15-20 cm, and the row spacing is controlled between 30-35 cm.
  • organic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer is used for fertilization.
  • the fertilizers applied include urea, potassium chloride, compound fertilizer and the like.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: its operation method is simple, the cost is lower, the yield is high, the planted tribute rice has better taste, stronger antibacterial ability, and lower pesticide usage rate.
  • Step 1 Turning the ground and diverting water for irrigation. When turning the ground, it is necessary to turn the ground several times and add plant ash to raise the ground, and then dig around the field. Good water diversion channels and other channels to facilitate water release and diversion; Step two, transplant the seedlings cultivated by special methods into the field; Step three, when transplanting seedlings, need to control the spacing of the seedlings; Step four, after transplanting the seedlings, carry out the seedlings Fertilizer for the first time, the appropriate amount of fertilization; Step 5, scientifically pipe water for the seedlings, adjust the water layer according to the different growth periods and growth characteristics of the rice, and irrigate and dry the field reasonably to achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing temperature.
  • the water management method of not drying the old water and not entering the new water ensures the coordinated growth of the above-ground and underground parts. Intermittent irrigation is adopted during the heading and flowering period. The depth of deep water irrigation at the booting stage is more than 10 cm; Step 6. Weeding management, adopted in the early stage of heading Manual weeding, after heading, weeding with pesticides; step seven, fertilization management, choose different fertilizers for fertilization at different periods; step eight, pest control management, scientific pesticide use.
  • the method for cultivating special seedlings is as follows: the tribute rice seeds to be selected are subjected to the operation of "seeding" under the sun, and the seeding time is about three days; to select high-quality tribute rice seeds, first select the shape Non-destructive, full-grained seeds, then put the selected seeds in cold water soak for half an hour, after soaking, remove the gongmi seeds floating on the water, the remaining seeds are the selected seeds; the selected seeds Soak in warm water and add disinfectant for disinfection. The soaking time is about three to four days.
  • Organic fertilizers are mainly derived from plants and (or) animals, and are applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as a carbonaceous material whose main function is to provide nutrients. Processed from biological materials, animal and plant wastes, and plant residues, the toxic and harmful substances are eliminated, and it is rich in a large number of beneficial substances, including: a variety of organic acids, peptides, and abundance including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium Of nutrients. It not only provides comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, which can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity. It is the main nutrient for green food production.
  • Microbial fertilizer is microbial waste.
  • Microbial fertilizer is a product that causes crops to obtain specific fertilizer effects due to the life activities of microorganisms. It is a kind of fertilizer used in agricultural production. It has a history of nearly 50 years in my country. The evolution of the name from rhizobia-bacterial fertilizer-microbial fertilizer has explained the gradual development of microbial fertilizer in my country.
  • Urea is an organic compound composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, also known as urea (same sound as urine). Its chemical formula is CON2H4, (NH2)2CO or CN2H4O, molecular mass is 60, and the international non-patent drug name is Carbamide. The appearance is white crystal or powder. It is the product of animal protein metabolism and is usually used as nitrogen fertilizer for plants. Urea is synthesized in the liver and is a nitrogen-containing metabolite excreted by mammals.
  • Potassium chloride is a colorless slender rhombus or a cubic crystal, or a small white crystalline powder, with an appearance like table salt, odorless and salty. Commonly used as additives for low sodium salt and mineral water. Potassium chloride is a commonly used electrolyte balance regulator in clinical practice. It has a definite clinical effect and is widely used in various clinical departments.
  • Compound fertilizers are chemical fertilizers made by chemical methods or (and) mixed methods that contain any two or three of crop nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
  • soil testing formulas are often used to measure the nutrient conditions of the soil.
  • the soil testing formula fertilization is based on soil testing and fertilizer field trials, and according to the law of crop fertilizer requirements, soil fertilization performance and fertilizer effects, in the rational application of organic fertilizers Based on this, the application quantity, application period and application method of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace elements are proposed. In layman's terms, it is the scientific application of formula fertilizers under the guidance of agricultural scientists and technicians.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: its operation method is simple, the cost is lower, the yield is high, the planted tribute rice has better taste, stronger antibacterial ability, and lower pesticide usage rate.

Abstract

一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,它涉及贡米种植技术领域,具体涉及一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法。它包含以下步骤:步骤一、将大田进行翻地和引水灌溉,翻地时,需要多次进行翻地,并加入草木灰进行养地,然后在大田的四周挖好引水渠等通道,方便放水和引水;步骤二、将采用特殊方法培育的秧苗进行移植到大田中;步骤三、插秧时,需要控制秧苗的间距;步骤四、插完秧苗后,对秧苗进行首次施肥,施肥要适量;步骤五、对秧苗进行科学管水,根据稻米不同的生育期和生长特点进行水层的调节,合理灌溉和晒田。采用上述技术方案后,有益效果为:它的操作方法简单,成本较低,产量高,种植出来的贡米口感更佳,抗菌能力更强,农药使用率更低。

Description

一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及贡米种植技术领域,具体涉及一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法。
背景技术
颗砂乡高枧村的桂溶坪,有一块土地出产的稻米奇香众,可谓“谷中珍品”。据说,早在五代时期(公元907-960年)已将此地定为“皇田”,所产之米则称为“御米”,故被称之为“颗砂御米”,岁岁朝贡。颗砂贡米不同于普通大米,它颗粒大,色泽白里透青,略似玉石,米内含有较高的蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分。用其做成米饭,质地糯软,油光发亮,味道醇厚,清香扑鼻,香气醉人。目前的颗砂贡米在种植栽培上产量有待提高,且成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足,提供一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,它的操作方法简单,成本较低,产量高,种植出来的贡米口感更佳,抗菌能力更强,农药使用率更低。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案是:它包含以下步骤:步骤一、将大田进行翻地和引水灌溉,翻地时,需要多次进行翻地,并加入草木灰进行养地,然后在大田的四周挖好引水渠等通道,方便放水和引水;步骤二、将采用特殊方法培育的秧苗进行移植到大田中;步骤三、插秧时,需要控制秧苗的间距;步骤四、插完秧苗后,对秧苗进行首次施肥,施肥要适量;步骤五、对秧苗进行科学管水,根据稻米不同的生育期和生长特点进行水层的调节,合理灌溉和晒田,以达到节水提温的目的,在插秧至缓苗期保持4-5cm深水层护苗,分蘖前期保持3cm左右的浅水层,分蘖中后期进行干湿交替灌溉,当全田总茎数达到预定指标(每平方米达到520个茎)时,及时排水晒田,控制无效分蘖的发生,在拔节孕穗前期保持湿润,保证通气良好,后期适当建立浅水层,特别是抽穗前5-15天内保持浅水层,其余时期以间歇湿润灌溉为主,采取陈水不 干,新水不进的管水办法,保证地上、地下部协调生长,在抽穗开花期采取间歇灌水的方法,孕穗期深水灌溉水深10厘米以上;步骤六、除草管理,抽穗前期采用人工除草,抽穗后通过农药进行除草;步骤七、施肥管理,不同时期选择不同的肥料进行施肥;步骤八、防虫管理,科学用药杀虫。
所述的步骤二中,特殊秧苗的培育方法为:将准备挑选的贡米种子在阳光底下进行“晒种”的操作,晒种时间约为三天;挑选优质的贡米种子,首先选择外形无损,颗粒较为饱满的种子,然后将挑选出来的种子放到冷水中浸泡半小时,浸泡后,将浮于水面的贡米种子去除,留下的种子即为挑选的种子;将挑选好的种子用温水进行浸泡,同时加入消毒液进行消毒,浸泡时间约为三到四天,浸泡后,对种子进行搓洗,洗去种子表面的粘液,然后将种子静置5H-8H;选择合适的培育秧苗的土地,选好土地后,将土地进行松土,然后浇上适量的水,对土壤进行保湿,然后加入适当的农家肥进行“养土”;将稻秆干平铺在土地上,然后点燃稻秆,燃烧后的稻秆形成草木灰,用于施肥;每天在土地上进行适量农家肥的施肥,维持四天左右;在播种前的四天将土地施加适量的一铵、硫酸铵、硫酸钾和硫酸锌,对土地进行翻地,将施加的肥料进行混合,并且混合均匀;将土地分割成适当的分块,然后将贡米种子进行播种,播种完成后,使用覆土将种子进行覆盖,进行适量的喷雾浇水,生长出子叶时,需要进行覆膜,秧苗长至7-9cm时将膜揭开,在三叶生长之前,通过旱长的方式进行培育,生长出二叶一心时,使用适量的尿素进行施肥,同时进行浇水;步骤九、当秧苗长至10-15cm时,对秧苗进行移植到大田进行种植即可。
所述的步骤三中,秧苗的间距控制为竖直间距控制在15-20cm之间,行间距控制在30-35cm之间。
所述的步骤四中,施肥采用有机肥或生物菌肥进行施肥。
所述的步骤七中,施用的肥料有尿素、氯化钾、复合肥等。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明有益效果为:它的操作方法简单,成本较低,产量高,种植出来的贡米口感更佳,抗菌能力更强,农药使用率更低。
具体实施方式
本具体实施方式采用的技术方案是它包含以下步骤:步骤一、将大田进行翻地和引水灌溉,翻地时,需要多次进行翻地,并加入草木灰进行养地,然后在大田的四周挖好引水渠等通道,方便放水和引水;步骤二、将采用特殊方法培育的秧苗进行移植到大田中;步骤三、插秧时,需要控制秧苗的间距;步骤四、插完秧苗后,对秧苗进行首次施肥,施肥要适量;步骤五、对秧苗进行科学管水,根据稻米不同的生育期和生长特点进行水层的调节,合理灌溉和晒田,以达到节水提温的目的,在插秧至缓苗期保持4-5cm深水层护苗,分蘖前期保持3cm左右的浅水层,分蘖中后期进行干湿交替灌溉,当全田总茎数达到预定指标(每平方米达到520个茎)时,及时排水晒田,控制无效分蘖的发生,在拔节孕穗前期保持湿润,保证通气良好,后期适当建立浅水层,特别是抽穗前5-15天内保持浅水层,其余时期以间歇湿润灌溉为主,采取陈水不干,新水不进的管水办法,保证地上、地下部协调生长,在抽穗开花期采取间歇灌水的方法,孕穗期深水灌溉水深10厘米以上;步骤六、除草管理,抽穗前期采用人工除草,抽穗后通过农药进行除草;步骤七、施肥管理,不同时期选择不同的肥料进行施肥;步骤八、防虫管理,科学用药杀虫。
所述的步骤二中,特殊秧苗的培育方法为:将准备挑选的贡米种子在阳光底下进行“晒种”的操作,晒种时间约为三天;挑选优质的贡米种子,首先选择外形无损,颗粒较为饱满的种子,然后将挑选出来的种子放到冷水中浸泡半小时,浸泡后,将浮于水面的贡米种子去除,留下的种子即为挑选的种子;将挑选好的种子用温水进行浸泡,同时加入消毒液进行消毒,浸泡时间约为三到四天,浸泡后,对种子进行搓洗,洗去种子表面的粘液,然后将种子静置5H-8H;选择合适的培育秧苗的土地,选好土地后,将土地进行松土,然后浇上适量的水,对土壤进行保湿,然后加入适当的农家肥进行“养土”;将稻秆干平铺在土地上,然后点燃稻秆,燃烧后的稻秆形成草木灰,用于施肥;每天在土地上进行适量农家肥的施肥,维持四天左右;在播种前的四天将土地施加适量的一 铵、硫酸铵、硫酸钾和硫酸锌,对土地进行翻地,将施加的肥料进行混合,并且混合均匀;将土地分割成适当的分块,然后将贡米种子进行播种,播种完成后,使用覆土将种子进行覆盖,进行适量的喷雾浇水,生长出子叶时,需要进行覆膜,秧苗长至7-9cm时将膜揭开,在三叶生长之前,通过旱长的方式进行培育,生长出二叶一心时,使用适量的尿素进行施肥,同时进行浇水;步骤九、当秧苗长至10-15cm时,对秧苗进行移植到大田进行种植即可。
有机肥主要来源于植物和(或)动物,施于土壤以提供植物营养为其主要功能的含碳物料。经生物物质、动植物废弃物、植物残体加工而来,消除了其中的有毒有害物质,富含大量有益物质,包括:多种有机酸、肽类以及包括氮、磷、钾在内的丰富的营养元素。不仅能为农作物提供全面营养,而且肥效长,可增加和更新土壤有机质,促进微生物繁殖,改善土壤的理化性质和生物活性,是绿色食品生产的主要养分。
生物菌肥即微生物废料,微生物肥料是以微生物的生命活动导致作物得到特定肥料效应的一种制品,是农业生产中使用肥料的一种。其在我国已有近50年的历史,从根瘤菌剂--细菌肥料--微生物肥料,从名称上的演变已说明我国微生物肥料逐步发展的过程。
尿素是由碳、氮、氧和氢组成的有机化合物,又称脲(与尿同音)。其化学公式为CON2H4、(NH2)2CO或CN2H4O,分子质量60,国际非专利药品名称为Carbamide。外观是白色晶体或粉末。它是动物蛋白质代谢后的产物,通常用作植物的氮肥。尿素在肝合成,是哺乳类动物排出的体内含氮代谢物。
氯化钾是无色细长菱形或成一立方晶体,或白色结晶小颗粒粉末,外观如同食盐,无臭、味咸。常用于低钠盐、矿物质水的添加剂。氯化钾是临床常用的电解质平衡调节药,临床疗效确切,广泛运用于临床各科。
复合肥是由化学方法或(和)混合方法制成的含作物营养元素氮、磷、钾中任何两种或三种的化肥。复合肥生产多使用测土配方测出土壤的养分情况,测土配方施肥是以土壤测试和肥料田间试验为基础,根据作物需肥规律、土壤 供肥性能和肥料效应,在合理施用有机肥料的基础上,提出氮、磷、钾及中、微量元素等肥料的施用数量、施肥时期和施用方法。通俗地讲,就是在农业科技人员指导下科学施用配方肥
采用上述技术方案后,本发明有益效果为:它的操作方法简单,成本较低,产量高,种植出来的贡米口感更佳,抗菌能力更强,农药使用率更低。
以上所述,仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,其特征在于:它包含以下步骤:步骤一、将大田进行翻地和引水灌溉,翻地时,需要多次进行翻地,并加入草木灰进行养地,然后在大田的四周挖好引水渠等通道,方便放水和引水;步骤二、将采用特殊方法培育的秧苗进行移植到大田中;步骤三、插秧时,需要控制秧苗的间距;步骤四、插完秧苗后,对秧苗进行首次施肥,施肥要适量;步骤五、对秧苗进行科学管水,根据稻米不同的生育期和生长特点进行水层的调节,合理灌溉和晒田,以达到节水提温的目的,在插秧至缓苗期保持4-5cm深水层护苗,分蘖前期保持3cm左右的浅水层,分蘖中后期进行干湿交替灌溉,当全田总茎数达到预定指标(每平方米达到520个茎)时,及时排水晒田,控制无效分蘖的发生,在拔节孕穗前期保持湿润,保证通气良好,后期适当建立浅水层,特别是抽穗前5-15天内保持浅水层,其余时期以间歇湿润灌溉为主,采取陈水不干,新水不进的管水办法,保证地上、地下部协调生长,在抽穗开花期采取间歇灌水的方法,孕穗期深水灌溉水深10厘米以上;步骤六、除草管理,抽穗前期采用人工除草,抽穗后通过农药进行除草;步骤七、施肥管理,不同时期选择不同的肥料进行施肥;步骤八、防虫管理,科学用药杀虫。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤二中,特殊秧苗的培育方法为:将准备挑选的贡米种子在阳光底下进行“晒种”的操作,晒种时间约为三天;挑选优质的贡米种子,首先选择外形无损,颗粒较为饱满的种子,然后将挑选出来的种子放到冷水中浸泡半小时,浸泡后,将浮于水面的贡米种子去除,留下的种子即为挑选的种子;将挑选好的种子用温水进行浸泡,同时加入消毒液进行消毒,浸泡时间约为三到四天,浸泡后,对种子进行搓洗,洗去种子表面的粘液,然后将种子静置5H-8H;选择合适的培育秧苗的土地,选好土地后,将土地进行松土,然后浇上适量的水,对土壤进行保湿,然后加入适当的农家肥进行“养土”;将稻秆干平铺在土地 上,然后点燃稻秆,燃烧后的稻秆形成草木灰,用于施肥;每天在土地上进行适量农家肥的施肥,维持四天左右;在播种前的四天将土地施加适量的一铵、硫酸铵、硫酸钾和硫酸锌,对土地进行翻地,将施加的肥料进行混合,并且混合均匀;将土地分割成适当的分块,然后将贡米种子进行播种,播种完成后,使用覆土将种子进行覆盖,进行适量的喷雾浇水,生长出子叶时,需要进行覆膜,秧苗长至7-9cm时将膜揭开,在三叶生长之前,通过旱长的方式进行培育,生长出二叶一心时,使用适量的尿素进行施肥,同时进行浇水;步骤九、当秧苗长至10-15cm时,对秧苗进行移植到大田进行种植即可。
  3. 步骤三中,秧苗的间距控制为竖直间距控制在15-20cm之间,行间距控制在30-35cm之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤四中,施肥采用有机肥或生物菌肥进行施肥。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗砂贡米高产种植栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤七中,施用的肥料有尿素、氯化钾、复合肥等。
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