Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
  • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
  • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
  • H01Q1/3216—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used where the road or rail vehicle is only used as transportation means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
  • B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
  • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
  • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
  • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
  • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
  • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
  • B63B2019/0007—Ship's windows

Definitions

• Vehicles are increasingly being equipped with electrical components.
• Communication systems can be, for example, short-range radio systems for car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure or also mobile radio communication systems, e.g. mobile communication systems of the 2nd / 3rd / 4th or 5th generation.
• Corresponding antennas can be attached to the outside of the vehicle, but such additional devices pose a problem in several respects.
• “shark fin” -type antennas are provided on rooftops.
• the vehicle roof for example, acts as a reflector or surface of the earth.
• so-called patch antennas are used for this. These typically have a rectangular to square shape, with an approximately identical ground layer being arranged as an antenna counterweight underneath the patch antenna.
• antennas can be arranged inside the vehicle interior, for example below the dashboard or below the windshield.
• sensors are arranged at the edge of the pane, preferably in the area of a black print.
• a Vivaldi antenna is known from US patent application US 2019/0165447 A1.
• the Vivaldi antennas shown there are optimized for receiving signals from a global satellite-based navigation system. Despite broadband, the antennas are insufficient for multi-band reception. In addition, the antennas presented there require a relatively large space, so that their placement is limited. From the patent application US 2008/129619 A1 a surface-mountable antenna for receiving polarized signals is known. The antenna shown there, however, requires a lot of space and is not suitable for integration in a pane because of the necessary height that is required by the various electrical layers.
• DE 10 2011 004316 A1 discloses a multi-band antenna which comprises a first planar partial antenna on a carrier which has a comb structure in sections.
• the first partial antenna has an aperture in the carrier, a second partial antenna being formed within the first partial antenna such that its directional characteristic points in the direction of the aperture axis and is suitable for communication in a second frequency band.
• US Pat. No. 5,872,542 A discloses a patch antenna which has a base layer, a lead layer, an antenna layer and a transparent substrate.
• the antenna is suitable for sending and receiving high-frequency signals.
• the provision in the area of the dashboard is disadvantageous because there is not always a sufficient view of one or more transmitters, especially since other body parts, such as the vehicle roof, severely limit the solid angle range that can be received from the perspective of an antenna placed there.
• electrically conductive layers such as infrared-reflecting layers or low-E layers can transmit electromagnetic radiation through the pane and impair the reception of the desired signals.
• Such panes can be found, for example, in vehicle construction.
• a vehicle window having a first substrate and at least one first electrically conductive layer, an antenna structure being formed in the electrically conductive layer, the antenna structure providing a planar vivaldean antenna-like structure, the antenna structure having two essentially identical antenna elements, wherein the two antenna elements are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the antenna elements appear essentially as a reflection, a horn-like opening being provided, with two indentations being arranged in the region of the beginning horn-like opening.
• the antenna structure is set up to receive signals from a cellular network.
• the first electrically conductive layer is arranged on a film which is connected to the vehicle window.
• the pre-assembly on a foil allows a particularly cost-effective production.
• the indentations are designed like slits.
• the first electrically conductive layer is applied to a dielectric film.
• the film has a second electrically conductive layer, arranged on the opposite side of the first electrically conductive layer.
• strip conductors / waveguide structures can be provided in a wide variety of designs, e.g. as a grounded co-planar waveguide.
• the electrically conductive layer has a height of 10 ⁇ m-75 ⁇ m.
• the vehicle window is a composite window, the vehicle window furthermore having a second substrate, the film being introduced between the first substrate and the second substrate.
• the film can be applied both to the outside of the pane and between substrates of a composite pane.
• the vehicle window has a black print (also referred to as a cover print) on at least one section at the edge of the vehicle window, the first electrically conductive layer being arranged at least in sections behind the black print.
• a black print also referred to as a cover print
• the antenna arrangement can be placed below the black print so that the antenna structure remains optically invisible and thus does not interfere with the aesthetic impression, but on the other hand also remains electrically effective.
• the antenna structure has a reflection coefficient Sn of -6 dB or better, e.g. -15 dB or better, at least in a first frequency band below 1 GHz and at least in a second frequency band above 1 GHz above 1 GHz.
• the antenna structure is set up to receive signals from a wireless short-range communication network. That is to say, the invention can also be used, for example, for vehicle-to-vehicle and also for vehicle-to-infrastructure communication.
• a vehicle with a glass pane according to the invention in particular a land, sea, air or space vehicle, is provided.
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a mobile communication network of the 1st generation and / or 2nd generation and / or 3rd generation and / or 4th generation and / or 5th generation.
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth (also Bluetooth Low Energy) and / or signals from a car-to-car network and / or signals from a car-to-infrastructure network used.
• a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth also Bluetooth Low Energy
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth (also Bluetooth Low Energy) and / or signals from a car-to-car network and / or signals from a car-to-infrastructure network used.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview with regard to the arrangement of foils, substrate (s) to illustrate aspects according to the prior art and the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic overview of possible installation locations of antenna structures according to embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of antenna structures in embodiments of the invention
• FIG 4 shows a schematic plan view of a virtual sub-element of an antenna structure in embodiments of the invention
• FIG 5 shows an S11 diagram relating to an exemplary antenna structure in embodiments of the invention.
• Figures with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% up to +/- 10%.
• a vehicle window 1 according to the invention is shown in section in FIG. 1 with a plurality of layers. Not all of the layers shown are necessary in the following.
• a vehicle window 1 according to the invention has a first substrate GS1 and at least one first electrically conductive layer LS1.
• the first substrate GS1 can be, for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Basically all electrically insulating substrates which are thermally and chemically stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the vehicle window according to the invention are suitable as a substrate.
• a first substrate GS1 preferably contains flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.
• the electrically conductive layer LS1 comprises, for example, copper, silver, gold or alloys with at least one of the aforementioned materials.
• An antenna structure ANT 1 is formed in the electrically conductive layer LS1. This can be achieved, for example, by pressure or ablative mechanical and / or chemical processes and is irrelevant for a more detailed understanding of the invention in the following.
• the antenna structure ANT1 provides a planar vivaldean antenna-like structure.
• planar is not to be understood as absolutely flat, but rather as flat in contrast to a classic horn straightener.
• Vivaldi antenna-like structures generally have a funnel-shaped radiation area, an impedance matching area (often a circular opening at the end of the funnel). Typically, a kind of bottleneck is also provided between the impedance matching area and the funnel, in which the feed point of the antenna is often arranged.
• This antenna structure will now be explained in more detail, the feeding of the antenna, ie the connection to an antenna line, not being explained further below.
• Exemplary antenna lines can be, for example, a coplanar waveguide, in particular a grounded co-planar waveguide.
• the antenna structure can be “virtually” divided into two halves, antenna elements ANT1_E1 and ANT1_E2, as shown in FIG. 4, the antenna elements ANT1_E1 and ANT1_E2 being essentially identical.
• the antenna elements ANT1_E1, ANT1_E2 can be viewed as being arranged at an angle to one another, so that the antenna elements ANT1_E1, ANT1_E2 essentially appear as a reflection.
• the essentially identical configuration refers to the fact that complete congruence does not have to be achieved.
• the virtual mirror axis (dashed line in FIG. 3) centrally penetrates the horn-like opening ⁇ formed in the process.
• the opening ⁇ has a substantially exponential shape.
• the opening ends in a circular space.
• indentations E1 and E2 are arranged in the area of the beginning horn-like opening.
• the indentations E1 and E2 interrupt a direct course of the edge of the running on the inner edge Antenna element ANT_E1 or ANT_E2.
• the course of the edge running on the outer edge, that is to say outside the opening ⁇ , is continuous in this example.
• the presented arrangement which is characterized in particular by the indentations, it is now possible not only to open up additional locations on a vehicle window for placement without violating the boundary conditions for visibility, but also enables good reception performance over wide frequency ranges to provide. This means that the reception characteristics can be adapted in relation to the received frequency ranges by selecting the indentations.
• the antenna structure ANT1 is set up to receive signals from a mobile radio network.
• Cellular networks are of particular importance due to the ever increasing networking of vehicles and the requirements for legal regulations, such as eCall.
• a large number of different frequency bands are used, particularly in mobile radio communication networks.
• the first electrically conductive layer LS1 is arranged on a film F which is connected to the vehicle window.
• the film F can have at least one material selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyurethane, polymethylene methacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, FR6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide.
• further layers - as indicated in FIG. 1 - can be provided.
• An adhesion promoting layer KL can optionally be applied on the first electrically conductive layer LS1 and / or, if present, on a second electrically conductive layer LS2.
• This adhesion promoting layer KL can, for example, each have a height of approximately 15 ⁇ m.
• the adhesion promoting layer KL can have at least one material selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyurethane, polymethylene methacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, FR6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide.
• the cover layer DS can be a black print, for example, so that parts of the antenna structure ANT1 can be provided in a covered manner without impairing the visual impression in the rest of the vehicle window 1.
• the cover layer DS can be arranged between a substrate GS1, GS2, preferably the second substrate GS2, and an electrically conductive layer LS1, LS2, preferably the second electrically conductive layer LS2.
• the cover layer DS can also contain polyimide.
• the cover layer DS can have a height of (each) approximately 25 ⁇ m. If, for example, a foil is pre-assembled with conductor layers, the conductor layers LS1, LS2 can be protected from damage during transport or assembly or installation or environmental influences.
• the indentations E1 and E2 are designed symmetrically to one another in the manner of a slot, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
• the antenna elements ANT_E1 and ANT_E2 apart from the respective indentations E1 and E2 and opening ⁇ , are designed over the full area.
• one antenna element ANT_E1 or ANT_E2 has an indentation E1 or E2.
• the indentation E1 has a length which corresponds to up to 90%, preferably 80%, particularly preferably 70% of a side length of the antenna element ANT_E1.
• slot-like configurations are easy to manufacture and allow precise detuning to target frequency bands. It should be noted that the shape of the indentation and the relative position to one another provide additional setting options. For example, the indentations can be shaped differently, e.g. different depths, different heights, and placed in different places.
• the first electrically conductive layer LS1 is applied to a dielectric film F.
• the film F has a second electrically conductive layer LS2, arranged on the opposite side of the first electrically conductive layer LS1.
• the electrically conductive layer LS2 comprises, for example, copper, silver, gold or alloys with at least one of the aforementioned materials.
• the first electrically conductive layer LS1 and / or, if present, a second electrically conductive layer LS2 has a height hi_si, hi_s2 of 10 pm-75 pm.
• the vehicle window is a composite window, the vehicle window furthermore having a second substrate GS2, the film F being introduced between the first substrate GS1 and the second substrate GS2.
• the second substrate GS2 can be, for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Basically all electrically insulating substrates which are thermally and chemically stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the vehicle window according to the invention are suitable as a substrate.
• a second substrate GS2 preferably contains flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.
• the film can be applied both to the outside of the pane and between substrates of a composite pane.
• the vehicle window has a black print on at least one section at the edge of the vehicle window, the first electrically conductive layer LS1 being arranged at least in sections behind the black print.
• the predefined antenna structure can be placed at the locations 01 to 03, the locations being selected as examples and not representing an exhaustive list. That is to say, due to the design, the antenna structure ANT1 can be placed at a wide variety of locations, including on the edge of the vehicle window 1. In this way, the antenna arrangement can be placed below the black print so that the antenna structure remains optically invisible and thus does not interfere with the aesthetic impression, but on the other hand also remains electrically effective.
• a plurality of such antenna structures ANT1 can also be arranged in a vehicle window 1 at different locations 01... 03 or symmetrical locations with respect to this. It is also possible to combine these using suitable interconnections so that, for example, circularly polarized signals can also be received.
• the antenna structure ANT1 has a reflection coefficient Sn of -6 dB or better, e.g. -15 dB or better, at least in a first frequency band below 1 GHz and at least in a second frequency band above 1 GHz.
• a reflection coefficient Sn of -6 dB or better e.g. -15 dB or better, alternatively or additionally could be set.
• Exemplary frequency bands are the previous UMTS band at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, the 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1500 MHz and 2600 MHz and 3.5 GHz and 3.7 GHz LTE bands as well as future 26 GHz and 60 GHz LTE bands.
• the antenna structure ANT1 is set up to receive signals from a wireless short-range communication network.
• Exemplary frequency bands are the 2.4 GHz / 5 GHz and 60 GHz WLAN band. That is to say, the invention can also be used, for example, for vehicle-to-vehicle as well as for vehicle for infrastructure communication, for which frequencies in the range of 5.9 GHz are currently favored.
• a vehicle with a glass pane according to the invention in particular a land, sea, air or space vehicle, is provided.
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a mobile communication network of the 1st generation and / or 2nd generation and / or 3rd generation and / or 4th generation and / or 5th generation.
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth (also Bluetooth Low Energy) and / or signals from a car-to-car network and / or signals from a car-to-infrastructure network used.
• a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth also Bluetooth Low Energy
• the vehicle window is used to receive signals from a WLAN network and / or Bluetooth (also Bluetooth Low Energy) and / or signals from a car-to-car network and / or signals from a car-to-infrastructure network used.
• ANT1_E2 antenna element hi_si height hi_s2 height

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=68806619

Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

• 2020
  • 2020-12-02 DE DE202020005727.4U patent/DE202020005727U1/de active Active
  • 2020-12-02 WO PCT/EP2020/084202 patent/WO2021110714A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2020-12-02 CN CN202080004724.7A patent/CN113207319A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

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