WO2021110060A1 - 32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手 - Google Patents

32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021110060A1
WO2021110060A1 PCT/CN2020/133435 CN2020133435W WO2021110060A1 WO 2021110060 A1 WO2021110060 A1 WO 2021110060A1 CN 2020133435 W CN2020133435 W CN 2020133435W WO 2021110060 A1 WO2021110060 A1 WO 2021110060A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
freedom
finger
flexion
extension
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PCT/CN2020/133435
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任化龙
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深圳忆海原识科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021110060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021110060A1/zh
Priority to US17/831,046 priority Critical patent/US20220287853A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68Operating or control means
    • A61F2/70Operating or control means electrical
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • A61F2/583Hands; Wrist joints
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • A61F2/583Hands; Wrist joints
    • A61F2/585Wrist joints
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • A61F2/583Hands; Wrist joints
    • A61F2/586Fingers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/08Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
    • B25J13/085Force or torque sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/08Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
    • B25J13/088Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices with position, velocity or acceleration sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/0009Gripping heads and other end effectors comprising multi-articulated fingers, e.g. resembling a human hand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/08Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
    • B25J15/10Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J17/00Joints
    • B25J17/02Wrist joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/104Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons
    • B25J9/1045Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons comprising tensioning means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5001Cosmetic coverings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5038Hinged joint, e.g. with transverse axle restricting the movement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5081Additional features
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5081Additional features
    • A61F2002/5089Additional features waterproof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5093Tendon- or ligament-replacing cables
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2002/543Lower arms or forearms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • A61F2/583Hands; Wrist joints
    • A61F2/586Fingers
    • A61F2002/587Thumbs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68Operating or control means
    • A61F2/70Operating or control means electrical
    • A61F2002/701Operating or control means electrical operated by electrically controlled means, e.g. solenoids or torque motors

Definitions

  • Bionic dexterous hand refers to a manipulator whose hand index, degree of freedom, shape and function are close to that of a human hand. It can manipulate objects flexibly and finely. It is suitable for high-performance prosthetics or used in industrial scenes such as compliant assembly. It can also replace personnel entering pollution, poisoning, Operations in hazardous environments such as radiation and service robots with strong versatility are key components of bionic robots or humanoid robots.
  • the characteristics of the bionic dexterous hand are the small size of the hand and the large number of joints. It needs to achieve greater force transmission in a small space, and often requires independent control of each joint to achieve high flexibility.
  • tendon transmission has the characteristics of being compliant and capable of transmitting greater power to the hip joint, and is widely used in dexterous hand systems with high degrees of freedom.
  • This method transmits the force and motion of the driver in the arm to the hand joints through tendons (using steel wires or flexible ropes), which can effectively balance the contradiction between hand space constraints and the need to transmit greater power; some solutions are also
  • a tendon sheath ie a hose is sheathed on the outer layer of the tendon, so that the tendon can slide axially in the tendon sheath to restrict the tendon's direction and provide protection.
  • Some joints in the human hand have 2 or more degrees of freedom (such as metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joints), and the axes of these degrees of freedom are close to orthogonal.
  • Each degree of freedom is driven by different muscle groups and can move flexibly and independently.
  • the design of the bionic dexterous hand joint should also make the axes of the respective degrees of freedom of the corresponding joints as orthogonal as possible, so that the motion form is closest to the human hand, and the various degrees of freedom of the joints are decoupled from each other, which is convenient for the calculation of control and motion planning.
  • many dexterous hand designs do not achieve this, which brings certain difficulties to the calculation of control and motion planning.
  • Some joints in the human hand have passive degrees of freedom.
  • the metacarpophalangeal joints can make the fingers rotate in a small range along the axis of the finger near the phalanx under the action of external force (ie, rotary motion), so that the fingers can automatically and flexibly adapt to complex curved surfaces.
  • external force ie, rotary motion
  • the fingers need to be rotated slightly to match the shape of the pen or chopsticks.
  • the current dexterous hands have not adopted this passive degree of freedom, and their adaptability to objects with complex shapes is not good enough.
  • the human hand also has the ability to move against the palm.
  • the palm-to-palm movement refers to the movement where the palm surface of the tip of the thumb and the palm surface of the other fingers come into contact. It is a unique ability that humans have evolved in the long-term production process, enabling the human hand to perform complex pinching movements and making the palm adapt complex.
  • the object to be operated on the curved surface such as grasping an apple, a light bulb, etc.
  • Palmar movement requires that the thumb's carpal-metacarpal joint has at least a degree of freedom of rotation, flexion and extension, and a small degree of freedom of lateral swing, and requires the degree of freedom of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joints with lateral swing, as well as the ring finger and little finger's carpal-metacarpal joint At least a small degree of freedom of flexion and extension and adduction and abduction degrees of freedom (or both internal rotation degrees of freedom). Most of the existing dexterous hands have not yet fully realized the palm-to-hand function, and it is not easy to perform complex pinching actions.
  • One of the objectives of the embodiments of this application is to provide a 32-degree-of-freedom bionic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand, which aims to solve the following problems:
  • the existing dexterous hand adopts an exoskeleton solution, which is not conducive to covering the bionic skin, and its shell is relatively hard, which is not conducive to performing soft operations.
  • a 32-degree-of-freedom bionic compliant endoskeleton dexterous hand includes: a hand module, a wrist module, and a forearm module;
  • the hand module includes: a thumb unit, an index finger unit, a middle finger unit, a ring finger unit, a little finger unit, and a palm unit;
  • the thumb unit is composed of a distal phalanx of the thumb, a proximal phalanx of the thumb, and a distal joint of the thumb;
  • the index finger unit is composed of index finger distal phalanx, index finger middle phalanx, index finger proximal phalanx, index finger distal joint, and index finger proximal joint;
  • the middle finger unit is composed of middle finger distal phalanx, middle finger middle phalanx, middle finger proximal phalanx, middle finger distal joint, and middle finger proximal joint;
  • the ring finger unit is composed of the far knuckle of the ring finger, the middle knuckle of the ring finger, the near knuckle of the ring finger, the far joint of the ring finger, and the near joint of the ring finger;
  • the little finger unit is composed of the far knuckle of the little finger, the middle knuckle of the little finger, the near knuckle of the little finger, the far joint of the little finger, and the near knuckle of the little finger;
  • the palm unit is composed of a base of the palm, the palm of the thumb, the palm of the index finger, the palm of the middle finger, the palm of the ring finger, the palm of the little finger, the thumb carpal joint, the ring finger carpal joint, and the little finger carpal joint , Ring finger metacarpophalangeal flexible constraining elements, little finger metacarpophalangeal flexible constraining elements, thumb metacarpophalangeal joints, index finger metacarpophalangeal joints, middle finger metacarpophalangeal joints, ring finger metacarpophalangeal joints, and little finger metacarpophalangeal joints;
  • the wrist module is composed of a wrist joint and a wrist support frame
  • the thumb unit is hinged to the metacarpophalangeal section of the thumb via the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb;
  • the index finger unit is hinged to the metacarpophalangeal section of the index finger through the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger;
  • the middle finger unit is hinged to the middle finger metacarpal phalanx through the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint;
  • the ring finger unit is hinged to the ring finger metacarpal knuckle through the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint;
  • the metacarpal phalanx of the thumb is hinged to the palm base through the thumb carpal joint;
  • the index finger palm phalanx is fixedly connected to the wrist base
  • the middle finger palm phalanx is fixedly connected to the palm base
  • Said little finger metacarpal knuckles are hinged to the carpal base through the little finger carpal joints;
  • the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element flexibly connects the middle finger palm phalanx with the ring finger palm phalanx;
  • Said little finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element flexibly connects the ring finger palm phalanx and the little finger palm phalanx together;
  • the palm base is hinged to the wrist support frame through a wrist joint
  • the tendon sheath guide seat is installed at the joint between the wrist support frame and the forearm module;
  • a plurality of drivers in the forearm are installed in the driver storage compartment;
  • the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle finger have degrees of freedom in flexion and extension, side swing and rotation.
  • the distal ring finger joints have degrees of freedom in flexion and extension.
  • the proximal ring finger joints have degrees of freedom in flexion and extension.
  • the metacarpophalangeal joints of the ring finger have degrees of freedom in flexion and extension and side swing.
  • ring finger carpal joint has flexion and extension freedom and adduction and abduction freedom
  • little finger distal joint has flexion and extension freedom
  • little finger proximal joint has flexion and extension freedom
  • little finger metacarpophalangeal joint has flexion and extension freedom
  • side swing The degree of freedom and the degree of freedom of rotation
  • the little finger carpal joint has the freedom of flexion and extension and the degree of adduction and abduction
  • the wrist joint has the freedom of flexion and extension and the degree of freedom of lateral swing.
  • the axes of the flexion and extension degrees of freedom, the lateral swing degrees of freedom and the rotational degrees of freedom of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joints are orthogonal
  • the axis of the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joints’ flexion and extension degrees of freedom, the lateral swing degrees of freedom and the rotational degrees of freedom are orthogonal
  • the axes of the flexion and extension degrees of freedom, the lateral swing degrees of freedom, and the rotational degrees of freedom of the little finger metacarpal joints are orthogonal
  • the axis of the ring finger’s flexion and extension degrees of freedom and the adduction and abduction degrees of freedom are orthogonal
  • the little finger wrist The axis of freedom of flexion and extension of the palm joint is orthogonal to the axis of the degree of freedom of adduction and abduction
  • the axis of freedom of flexion and extension of the wrist joint is orthogonal to the axis of the lateral swing, which facilitates the calculation of control and motion planning.
  • the degree of freedom of rotation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is passive degrees of freedom driven by external forces.
  • the degree of freedom of lateral swing of the little finger metacarpophalangeal joint is driven by a gear train through a palm drive installed on the little finger metacarpal knuckle.
  • the one or more tendons of the dexterous hand are covered with a tendon sheath that has the function of protecting and guiding the tendon; the tendon sheath has one or more layers from the inside to the outside.
  • the rotating end of the controlled joint is fixedly connected to any point on the tendon through the tendon fixation element, and the controlled degree of freedom of the controlled joint is jointly driven by a pair of in-forearm actuators;
  • the drive pulls one end of the tendon through the winch attached to its output shaft, and then pulls the rotating end of the controlled joint to have a movement tendency along one direction of the controlled degree of freedom, and the other drive in the forearm passes its output shaft
  • the fixed-linked winch pulls the other end of the tendon, and then pulls the rotating end of the controlled joint to have a movement tendency in the opposite direction of the controlled degree of freedom; this pair of forearm internal drives constitutes an antagonistic drive.
  • the movement, torque, joint damping and joint stiffness of the controlled joint can be controlled by configuring the speed and output force of the driver in a pair of forearms that constitute an antagonistic drive; this enables a dexterous hand to take into account the flexibility of operation and the robustness of anti-interference.
  • a dexterous hand to take into account the flexibility of operation and the robustness of anti-interference.
  • All or part of the joints of the dexterous hand are equipped with joint force and moment sensors.
  • the one or more winches of the dexterous hand are equipped with torque sensors to measure the torque acting on the winch by the drive output shaft in the forearm.
  • the distal thumb joint, index finger distal joint, middle finger distal joint, ring finger distal joint, little finger distal joint, index finger proximal joint, middle finger proximal joint, ring proximal joint and little finger proximal joint are respectively configured to adopt a 1-degree-of-freedom interphalangeal joint universal module ;
  • the installation method of any said interphalangeal joint seat includes any of the following:
  • the interphalangeal joint seat is directly connected to the knuckles; or,
  • the interphalangeal joint seat is first fixedly connected with the joint force and torque sensor, and then the joint force and torque sensor is fixedly connected with the knuckles. This method is used to measure the one-to-multi-dimensional force and torque of the universal module of the interphalangeal joint with 1 degree of freedom.
  • the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint is directly connected to the knuckle; or,
  • the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint is first fixedly connected with the joint force and torque sensor, and then the joint force and torque sensor is fixedly connected with the knuckles. This method is used to measure the one-to-multi-dimensional force and torque of the universal module of the interphalangeal joint with 1 degree of freedom.
  • the carpal base has mounting interfaces respectively connected with the wrist joint, the thumb carpal joint, the ring finger carpal joint, the little finger carpal joint, the index finger metacarpal phalanx, and the middle finger metacarpal phalanx, and are configured as the main bearing of the palm unit. Power parts.
  • the root of the ring finger metacarpal joint and the ring finger carpal joint form a rotation pair with adduction and abduction degrees of freedom.
  • the root of the metacarpal phalanx of the thumb cooperates with the carpal joint of the thumb to form a rotation pair with flexion and extension and lateral swing freedom, and a V-shaped sheave for tendon transmission is fixedly connected.
  • the degree of freedom of flexion, extension and lateral swing of the thumb carpal joint is a degree of freedom that couples the two motions of flexion, extension and side swing, and its axis has an included angle of 30 to 60 degrees with the axis of the thumb’s metacarpophalangeal joint’s lateral swing freedom. Simulates the movement form of the thumb, wrist and palm joint doing flexion, extension and side swing when the human hand is doing the opposite hand movement, so as to realize the opposite hand function.
  • One end of the rotating end of the thumb carpal joint and the thumb carpal joint seat forms a rotation pair with a degree of freedom of rotation and is coaxially fixed with a V-shaped groove wheel for tendon transmission, and the other end forms a flexion, extension and side swing with the thumb metacarpal joint.
  • the rotating end of the thumb carpal joint has a tendon sheath installation port.
  • the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element restricts the movement range of the ring finger palm phalanx, and keeps the ring finger palm phalanx in place when there is no external force; when the ring finger palm phalanx makes a flexion motion, the ring finger palm phalanx is flexed
  • the sexual restraint element will hold it and cause adduction movement at the same time.
  • the little finger palm phalanx flexible restraining element restricts the movement range of the little finger palm phalanx and keeps the little finger palm phalanx in place when there is no external force;
  • the palm unit When the palm unit receives an external force from the little finger side to the thumb side (such as when shaking hands), the ring finger palm phalanx and the little finger palm phalanx can simultaneously undergo adduction movements, and the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element and the little finger
  • the palm-phalangeal flexible restraining element absorbs and cushions this external force.
  • the ring finger carpal joint is composed of ring finger carpal joint seat, ring finger carpal joint rotating end, ring finger carpal joint flexion and extension angle sensor and ring finger carpal joint adduction and abduction angle sensor.
  • the little finger carpal-metacarpal joint is composed of little finger carpal-metacarpal joint seat, little finger carpal-metacarpal joint rotation end, little finger carpal-metacarpal joint flexion and extension angle sensor and little finger carpal-metacarpal joint adduction and abduction angle sensor.
  • thumb metacarpophalangeal joints, index finger metacarpophalangeal joints, middle finger metacarpophalangeal joints, ring finger metacarpophalangeal joints, and little finger metacarpophalangeal joints are respectively configured to adopt 3-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint universal modules.
  • the three-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint universal module has degrees of freedom in flexion and extension, degrees of freedom in lateral swing, and degrees of freedom in rotation; optionally, the axes of these three degrees of freedom are orthogonal to facilitate the calculation of control and motion planning.
  • the 3-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint universal module consists of the metacarpophalangeal joint lateral swing rotation end, the metacarpophalangeal joint lateral swing axis, the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension rotation end, the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension axis, the rotation reset device, and the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension angle sensor , Metacarpophalangeal joint lateral swing angle sensor, metacarpophalangeal joint rotation angle sensor, metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove.
  • the cylindrical surface of the metacarpophalangeal joint side swing axis has a gap that is locked and fits with the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension axis, and one end has an interface adapted to the metacarpophalangeal joint side swing angle sensor.
  • the cylindrical surface of the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension axis is provided with a gap for locking and fitting with the metacarpophalangeal joint side swing axis, and one end has an interface adapted to the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension angle sensor.
  • the flexion and extension rotation end of the metacarpophalangeal joint has a rotary joint seat that supports the proximal phalanx for rotary motion and bears force.
  • the rotation reset device is installed on the rotation joint seat at the flexion and extension rotation end of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and has an elastic reset element (such as a reset spring) to make the finger unit rotate when it receives an external torsion, and the amplitude of rotation is positively related to the torsion; When the external torque disappears, the finger unit returns to its original position.
  • an elastic reset element such as a reset spring
  • the rotary reset device has an interface for installing strain gauges or joint force and moment sensors to measure the one-to-multi-dimensional forces and moments of the 3-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint universal module.
  • the metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove is fixedly connected to the lateral swing end of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and the tendon and tendon sheath of the metacarpophalangeal joint are embedded in the metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove to slide; the metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove guides the tendon and tendon sheath , To weaken the interference of the metacarpophalangeal joint on the tendons that drive the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the tendon sheath that spans the 3-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint module; the lateral section of the metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove is semicircular. , So that the tendon maintains a constant transmission arm length (equal to the inner radius of the metacarpophalangeal joint tendon guide groove) during the transmission process.
  • the wrist joint is composed of a wrist joint yaw axis, a wrist joint yaw rotation end, a wrist joint flexion and extension axis, a wrist joint flexion and extension rotation end, a wrist joint yaw angle sensor, a wrist joint flexion and extension angle sensor, and a wrist joint.
  • the joint tendon guide groove is composed.
  • One end of the wrist joint side swing shaft is provided with a coaxial driven V-shaped groove wheel, the middle part is provided with a gap for locking and fitting with the wrist joint flexion and extension shaft, and the other end has an interface adapted to the wrist joint side swing angle sensor.
  • the cylindrical surface of the wrist joint flexion and extension axis has a gap that is locked and matched with the wrist joint side swing axis, and one end has an interface adapted to the wrist joint flexion and extension angle sensor.
  • the flexion and extension rotation end of the wrist joint has an interface connected with the palm base, and an interface for installing joint force and torque sensors (to measure one-to-multi-dimensional forces and torques of the wrist).
  • the wrist joint tendon guide groove is fixedly connected to the side swing rotation end of the wrist joint, and the tendon that drives the wrist joint flexion and extension degree of freedom is embedded in the wrist joint tendon guide groove to slide, so as to weaken the wrist joint when doing the side swing motion.
  • the interference of the tendon that drives the degree of freedom of wrist joint flexion and extension; the side section of the wrist joint tendon guide groove is semicircular, so that the tendon maintains a constant transmission arm length during transmission (equal to the wrist joint tendon guide groove radius).
  • the wrist support frame has a tendon sheath mounting opening, a wrist joint seat and an forearm mounting seat, which are used to connect the wrist joint and the forearm module together.
  • the palm drive is configured to adopt a linear drive, and the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joint side swing rotating end is driven to perform a side swing motion through a link mechanism.
  • driver in the forearm is configured to adopt a linear driver, and the driver output shaft is fixedly connected with the tendon.
  • the driver in the forearm is configured to use a rotary driver, and the driver output shaft is not fixedly connected to the winch, but the rotary motion of the driver output shaft in the forearm is converted into Linear motion; the output shaft of the driver is fixedly connected with the lead screw of the lead screw mechanism, and the linear motion end of the lead screw mechanism is fixedly connected with the tendon.
  • the driver in the forearm adopts a rotary drive, it can be a steering gear, a DC motor or a brushless motor; if the driver in the forearm is a linear driver, it can be an artificial muscle or a linear motor.
  • the drivers in each forearm are divided into main joint drivers, auxiliary joint drivers, and wrist joint drivers according to the peak output force or peak output torque and the difference in the driving object; the relationship between the peak output force or peak output torque is the main joint
  • the driver is the smallest, the auxiliary joint driver is centered, and the wrist joint driver is the largest.
  • the main joint driver is used to drive the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal joint of the thumb, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the thumb carpal and lateral swing, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger distal joint, and the flexion and extension of the index finger proximal joint
  • the auxiliary joint driver is used to drive the degree of freedom of rotation of the thumb carpal joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the ring finger carpal joint, and the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger carpal joint.
  • the wrist joint driver is used to drive the degree of freedom of flexion and extension and the degree of freedom of lateral swing of the wrist joint.
  • the layout mode adopted by part or all of the internal drivers in the forearm module includes one or any of the following:
  • each pair of forearm internal drivers drive the same degree of freedom to form an antagonistic drive; among them, the installation methods of each group of forearm drivers include:
  • some or all of the drivers in the forearm in the forearm module adopt the following layout:
  • each group of main joint drivers are installed opposite to each other, divided into the palm to the main joint driver and the back of the hand to the main joint driver, that is, the palm to the main joint driver output shaft Palm side, the back of the hand facing the main joint driver output shaft facing the back of the hand;
  • each column corresponds to 1 finger unit, that is, starting from the thumb side, the first column corresponds to the thumb unit, the second column corresponds to the index finger unit, and the third column corresponds to the middle finger Cell, the fourth column corresponds to the ring finger cell, and the fifth column corresponds to the little finger cell.
  • the main joint drivers in each column are arranged in 3 groups (6 rows in total) from the hand side to the elbow side. Each group includes a pair of main joint drivers to jointly drive 1 degree of freedom of the corresponding finger unit of the column; that is, starting from the hand side, the first
  • the first group of column 1 drives the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension and lateral swing of the thumb carpal joint
  • the first column and the second group drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint
  • the third group of column 1 drives the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal thumb joint
  • the first group of two columns drives the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint
  • the second column and the second group drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger proximal joint
  • the second column and the third group drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal index finger joint
  • the third column is the first Group drives the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the middle finger metacarpop
  • the different winches in the forearm module have one or more diameters, and each winch is respectively distributed on the back of the hand, palm or thumb or little finger of the forearm module, and part or all of the winches on each side are arranged in one to multiple layers.
  • a large number of winches are integrated into the small forearm module to provide a suitable movement stroke for each joint and avoid interference between a large number of winches and tendons. All winches adopt the following layout:
  • the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal thumb joint, the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal index finger joint, the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal middle finger joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal ring finger joint, and the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger distal joint are configured to be driven by type IV winches ;
  • the degree of freedom of rotation of the thumb carpal joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the ring finger carpal joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger carpal joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the wrist joint and the degree of freedom of lateral swing are configured to adopt I-type winches drive;
  • the palms of the first, third, and fifth columns are installed on the inner layer of the palm side of the forearm module; the palms of the second and fourth columns are installed on the winch of the main joint driver On the outer layer of the palm side;
  • the first, third, and fifth row of the hand back of the winch of the main joint driver are installed on the outer layer of the hand back of the forearm module; the second and fourth rows of the hand are installed to the main joint driver of the winch On the inner layer of the back of the hand.
  • the drive storage bin is composed of one or more sub-storage bins; if there are more than one sub-storage bins, they can be disassembled or assembled with each other to facilitate independent assembly, debugging and maintenance of each sub-storage bin .
  • the multiple tendon sheath installation ports of the tendon sheath guide seat are respectively distributed on the dorsal side and the palm side of the tendon sheath guide seat, and the tendon sheath installation ports on each side are arranged in one to multiple layers, so that the multiple tendons and tendon sheaths can smoothly cross the wrist module
  • Each joint of the hand module is connected to reduce mutual interference;
  • the tendon sheath guide seat has an interface adapted to the wrist support frame and an interface adapted to the forearm module.
  • One or more tendon sheaths of the dexterous hand are respectively installed at one end on the tendon sheath installation port of the tendon sheath guide seat through a detachable tendon sheath fixation element, and the other end is installed on the joint seat of a joint that adopts tendon transmission through the detachable tendon sheath fixation element.
  • the tendon sheath is installed on the mouth.
  • the tendon sheath fixing element enables the tendon sheath to be easily installed or removed from the tendon sheath guide seat
  • the part of the tendon between the winch and the tendon sheath guide seat is equipped with a tendon connector, which can be disconnected or connected, so that the tendon is disconnected or connected from the middle; the maximum outer diameter of the tendon connector is smaller than that of the tendon sheath guide seat The inner diameter of the tendon sheath installation port so that the tendon connector can pass through the tendon sheath installation port along with the tendon.
  • the dexterous hand adopts the tendon sheath fixing element and the tendon connector, so that the hand module and the wrist module of the dexterous hand can be assembled or disassembled and separated with the forearm module more conveniently, which is convenient for production and maintenance.
  • One type I tendon sheath restraint element is installed at each of the little finger distal joint, little finger proximal joint, and little finger metacarpophalangeal joint.
  • One type II tendon sheath restraining element is installed in the wrist joint.
  • the metacarpal phalanx of the thumb, the metacarpal phalanx of the index finger, the metacarpal phalanx of the middle finger, the metacarpal phalanx of the ring finger, and the metacarpal phalanx of the little finger are respectively equipped with one type III tendon sheath restraining element on the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • One IV type tendon sheath restraint element is installed on the outer surface of the proximal phalanx of the index finger, the proximal phalanx of the middle finger, the proximal phalanx of the ring finger, and the proximal phalanx of the little finger, respectively, on the dorsal side and the palm side of the palm.
  • the I-type tendon sheath constraining element is a flexible element that can be bent, and has one to more guide grooves or guide holes that guide 1 to 4 tendon sheaths to slide along their respective axial directions.
  • the type II tendon sheath constraining element is a flexible element that can be bent. It has one or more guide grooves or guide holes that guide at least 5 tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions, and has one or more tendon sheaths that allow passing through in the type II tendon sheath.
  • the type III tendon sheath constraining element has one to more guide grooves or guide holes that guide one or more tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions, and has a structure that allows one or more tendon sheaths to curl up in the part of the type III tendon sheath constraining element. .
  • the IV type tendon sheath restraint element has one to more guide grooves or guide holes for guiding one or more tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions.
  • the dexterous hand is configured to adopt the following tendon transmission layout:
  • each tendon that drives the wrist joint passes through the tendon sheath installation port of the wrist support frame through the tendon sheath, and is respectively fixedly connected to the lateral swing rotation end of the wrist joint and the flexion and extension rotation end of the wrist joint, and the end of the tendon sheath is fixed by the tendon sheath
  • the component is firmly connected to the tendon sheath installation port of the wrist support frame;
  • Each tendon that drives the flexion and extension and lateral swing degrees of freedom of the thumb carpal joint, the ring finger carpal joint freedom of flexion and extension, and the little finger carpal joint freedom of flexion and extension passes through the tendon sheath installation opening of the corresponding carpal joint seat through the tendon sheath, It is fixedly connected with the rotating end of the corresponding carpal joint, and the end of its tendon sheath is fixedly connected with the tendon sheath installation opening of the corresponding carpal joint seat through the tendon sheath fixing element;
  • Type III tendon sheath restraint elements are divided into two to three layers to restrain the direction and curling space;
  • the tendons of the metacarpophalangeal section of the thumb and their tendon sheaths are divided into inner and outer layers on each side; the inner tendons on each side drive the freedom of flexion and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and are firmly connected to the flexion, extension and rotation end of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
  • the end of the tendon sheath is firmly connected to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb; the outer tendon on each side drives the freedom of flexion and extension of the distal joint of the thumb, and its tendon sheath continues to extend to the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
  • the tendon sheath at the small joint is flexed
  • the sexual restraint element restricts the direction, these tendons are fixedly connected to the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint of the distal thumb joint, and the end of the tendon sheath is fixedly connected to the interphalangeal joint seat of the distal thumb joint through the tendon sheath fixing element;
  • These tendons are firmly connected to the corresponding
  • the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint of the finger unit near the joint, the end of the tendon sheath is fixedly connected to the interphalangeal joint seat of the corresponding finger unit near the joint through the tendon sheath fixing element;
  • the tendons and their tendons that drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal joints of the index finger unit, middle finger unit, ring finger unit, and little finger unit, respectively, are fixedly connected by the dorsal side of the proximal phalanx and the palm of the palm when the approach corresponds to the proximal phalanx of the finger unit.
  • the tendon sheath restraining element restricts the direction and can slide along its axis. When crossing the proximal joint of the corresponding finger unit, the tendon sheath flexible restraining element at the facet joint restrains the direction.
  • These tendons are fixedly connected to the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint of the distal joint of the corresponding finger unit.
  • the end of the tendon sheath is fixedly connected to the interphalangeal joint seat corresponding to the distal joint of the finger unit through the tendon sheath fixing element.
  • the position of the axis of each joint of the dexterous hand imitates the position of the human hand, and the motion form is close to the human hand, and can be well qualified for the operations that the human hand can perform.
  • the structure of the hand module is endoskeleton type, with sufficient space on the outer surface, covered by a bionic skin with a certain thickness, a flexible jacket, and a rigid shell, which is used to protect the internal structure and make the dexterous hand suitable for grasping and automatic adaptation to complex Curved objects.
  • the rigid shell wraps the dexterous hand in sections according to the knuckles, palm units, wrist modules, and forearm modules of each finger unit.
  • the bionic skin or flexible jacket wraps the dexterous hand as a whole, or wraps it in sections according to the whole of each finger unit or each knuckle, palm unit, wrist module, and forearm module.
  • the bionic skin, flexible jacket, and rigid shell are made of materials that are waterproof, dustproof, and chemical-resistant, and/or an electromagnetic shielding layer, and/or a protective layer that shields or weakens ionizing radiation.
  • the 32-degree-of-freedom biomimetic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand provided by the embodiments of the present application draws on the anatomical structure of the human hand, the structure of the hand module is an endoskeleton type, and there is enough space on the outer surface to cover a certain
  • the thick flexible bionic skin layer provides the basis for tactile perception, compliant operation and stroking;
  • the joint adopts dual-drive antagonistic drive, which can control joint damping and joint stiffness, taking into account the flexibility of operation and robustness against interference;
  • adopts The tendon coupling and tendon sheath fixation are easy to connect or remove, which makes the hand and wrist easy to assemble or separate from the forearm, which is convenient for production and maintenance;
  • the five-finger metacarpophalangeal joints have the freedom of rotation, so that The fingers can automatically and compliantly adapt to the manipulated objects with complex curved surfaces (such as holding a pen, using chopsticks, etc.);
  • the carpal joint of the thumb has two degrees
  • this dexterous hand is very suitable for smoothly manipulating objects with complex shapes, and is easy to produce, disassemble and maintain. It is very suitable as a high-end prosthesis or as a high-performance general-purpose robot dexterous hand or end effector; the dexterous hand can be matched with waterproof , Dust-proof and chemical corrosion protection, and can shield or weaken ionizing radiation flexible or rigid shell, flexible jacket or bionic skin, can replace personnel into pollution, poisoning, radiation and other dangerous environment operations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a 32-degree-of-freedom biomimetic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thumb unit of a 32-degree-of-freedom biomimetic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an index finger unit of a 32-degree-of-freedom bionic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 3-DOF general metacarpophalangeal joint module for a 32-DOF biomimetic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a thumb carpal joint of a 32-degree-of-freedom biomimetic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand according to an embodiment of the application;
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a 32-degree-of-freedom bionic compliant endoskeletal dexterous hand.
  • the dexterous hand includes: a thumb unit 1, an index finger unit 2, a middle finger unit 3, a ring finger unit 4, a little finger unit 5, and a palm.
  • Unit 6 wrist module 7 and forearm module 8.
  • the thumb unit 1 is composed of a thumb distal phalanx 9, a thumb proximal phalanx 11, and a thumb distal joint 10.
  • the index finger unit 2 is composed of index finger distal phalanx 12, index finger middle phalanx 14, index finger proximal phalanx 16, index finger distal joint 13, index finger proximal joint 15.
  • the metacarpophalangeal joint 33 of the index finger is hinged with the metacarpal knuckle 25 of the index finger.
  • the ring finger unit 4 is composed of the far knuckle of the ring finger, the middle knuckle of the ring finger, the near knuckle of the ring finger, the far knuckle of the ring finger, and the near knuckle of the ring finger, and is articulated with the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35 with 3 degrees of freedom;
  • the little finger unit 5 is composed of little finger far knuckle, little finger middle knuckle, little finger near knuckle, little finger far joint, little finger near knuckle, and is articulated with little finger metacarpophalangeal joint 36 with 3 degrees of freedom;
  • the middle finger unit 3, the ring finger unit 4, and the little finger unit 5 are similar in structure to the index finger unit 2, please refer to FIG. 3, and no additional description of the drawings will be used.
  • the palm unit 6 is composed of a palm base 23, a thumb palm phalanx 24, an index finger palm phalanx 25, a middle finger palm phalanx 26, a ring finger palm phalanx 27, a little finger palm phalanx 28, and a thumb wrist.
  • the finger joints 34, the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joints 35, and the little finger metacarpophalangeal joints 36 are composed.
  • the wrist module 7 is composed of a wrist joint and a wrist support frame 62.
  • the forearm module 8 is composed of a tendon sheath guide seat 69 and a driver storage compartment.
  • the thumb unit 1 is hinged to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 24 through the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32;
  • the index finger unit 2 is hinged to the index finger metacarpal joint 25 through the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33;
  • the middle finger unit 3 is hinged to the middle finger metacarpal knuckle 26 through the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34;
  • the ring finger unit 4 is hinged to the ring finger metacarpal joint 27 through the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35;
  • the little finger unit 5 is hinged to the little finger metacarpal knuckle 28 through the little finger metacarpophalangeal joint 36;
  • the thumb palm phalanx 24, index finger palm phalanx 25, middle finger palm phalanx 26, ring finger palm phalanx 27, and little finger palm phalanx 28 are respectively installed with a palm drive 95, and are fixedly connected to the stator of the palm drive 95 ;
  • the thumb metacarpal phalanx 24 is hinged to the carpal base 23 through the thumb carpal joint 29;
  • the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element 83 flexibly connects the middle finger palm phalanx 26 and the ring finger palm phalanx 27 together;
  • the little finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element 84 flexibly connects the ring finger palm phalanx 27 and the little finger palm phalanx 28 together;
  • the palm base 23 is hinged to the wrist support frame 62 through a wrist joint;
  • a plurality of drivers in the forearm are installed in the driver storage compartment;
  • a driver drive circuit is installed in the driver storage compartment
  • the proximal middle finger joint has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension
  • the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34 has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, side swing and rotation
  • the distal ring finger joint has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension
  • the proximal ring finger joint has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension
  • the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint has degrees of freedom.
  • 35 has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, lateral swing and rotation.
  • the ring finger carpal joint 30 has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension and adduction and abduction.
  • the distal joint of the little finger has the freedom of flexion and extension.
  • the proximal joint of the little finger has the freedom of flexion and extension.
  • the axes of the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, the degrees of freedom of lateral swing and the degrees of rotation of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32 are orthogonal, and the degrees of freedom of flexion, extension, and the degrees of freedom of rotation of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33 are different from each other.
  • the axes are orthogonal, the axes of the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, the degrees of freedom of lateral swing, and the degrees of freedom of rotation of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34 are orthogonal, and the degrees of freedom of flexion, extension, and the degrees of freedom of rotation of the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35 are equal to each other.
  • the axes are orthogonal, the axis of freedom of flexion and extension, the degrees of lateral swing, and the degrees of freedom of rotation of the little finger metacarpal joint 36 are orthogonal, and the axes of the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension and the degrees of adduction and abduction of the ring finger carpal joint 30 are positive.
  • Cross the axis of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger carpal-metacarpal joint 31 and the axis of freedom of adduction and abduction are orthogonal, and the axis of freedom of flexion and extension of the wrist joint and the axis of lateral swing are orthogonal, which is conducive to control and motion planning. Calculation.
  • the degrees of freedom, the degrees of freedom of adduction and abduction of the ring finger wrist joint 30, and the degrees of freedom of adduction and abduction of the little finger wrist joint 31 are passive degrees of freedom driven by external forces.
  • the degree of freedom of lateral swing of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33 is driven by a gear train through a palm drive 95 installed on the index finger metacarpal knuckle 25;
  • the degree of freedom of lateral swing of the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35 is driven by a gear train through a palm drive 95 installed on the ring finger metacarpal knuckle 27;
  • the degree of freedom of the side swing of the little finger metacarpophalangeal joint 36 is driven by a gear train through a palm drive 95 mounted on the little finger metacarpal knuckle 28.
  • the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal thumb joint 10 The degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal thumb joint 10, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension and lateral swing and the degree of freedom of circular rotation of the thumb carpal joint 29, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal index finger joint 13, and the near index finger
  • the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the joint 15 the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal middle finger joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the proximal middle finger joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34, and the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal ring finger joint ,
  • the one or more tendons 81 of the dexterous hand are covered with a tendon sheath that can protect and guide the tendon; the tendon sheath has one or more layers from the inside to the outside;
  • One end of the tendon sheath is fixed to the joint seat of the joint using tendon transmission, and the other end is fixed to the tendon sheath installation port of the tendon sheath guide seat 69;
  • the rotating end of the controlled joint is fixedly connected to any point on the tendon 81 through the tendon fixation element 21, and the controlled degree of freedom of the controlled joint is determined by a pair of forearms.
  • the internal drivers are co-driven; among them, a small arm internal driver pulls one end of the tendon 81 through the winch fixedly connected to its output shaft, and then pulls the rotating end of the controlled joint to move in one direction along the controlled degree of freedom Trend, another driver in the forearm pulls the other end of the tendon 81 through the winch attached to its output shaft, and then pulls the rotating end of the controlled joint so that it has a tendency to move in the opposite direction of the controlled degree of freedom; this Form an antagonistic drive to the driver in the forearm;
  • the tendon 81 is fixed to the sheave of the interphalangeal joint rotation end 18 through the tendon fixation element 21; the rotation ends of the other joints driven by the tendon are installed Tendon fixation element 21 with similar function;
  • a dorsal forearm driver pulls the dorsal part of the tendon 81 through the dorsal side winch 93, and a palm side forearm driver pulls the palm side part of the tendon 81 through the palm side winch 90 to form
  • the antagonistic drive mechanism pulls the rotating end 88 of the finger joint together; for judging the joint movement trend, only the movement of the dorsal hand winch 93 and the palm side winch 90 is needed.
  • the inner driver of the forearm on the back of the hand and the palm side of the hand are concealed. In-arm drive;
  • the joint damping and joint stiffness at the rotating end 88 of the finger joint can be passed through Dynamic adjustment of the traction force on both sides for control; dynamic adjustment of joint damping can make the rotating end 88 of the finger joint move smoothly or explosively (such as flicking fingers); dynamic adjustment of the joint stiffness of the rotating end 88 of the finger joint can make it unaffected External forces interfere, or adapt to external forces compliantly.
  • a joint angle sensor 89 is installed at each joint of the dexterous hand to measure the rotation angle and angular velocity of each degree of freedom;
  • One or more tendons 81 of the dexterous hand are equipped with tendon tension sensors 92;
  • the joint seat of each joint of the dexterous hand adopting tendon transmission has a tendon sheath installation port.
  • the distal phalanx of the thumb 9, the distal phalanx of the index finger 12, the distal phalanx of the middle finger, the distal phalanx of the ring finger, and the distal phalanx of the little finger are configured as a hollow structure with a tapered outer side wall and an open bottom; Sensor or bionic skin 91;
  • the hollow space accommodates the interphalangeal joint force and torque sensor 22, as well as circuits and signal lines;
  • the thumb distal joint 10 index finger distal joint 13, middle finger distal joint, ring finger distal joint, little finger distal joint, index finger proximal joint 15, middle finger proximal joint, ring proximal joint and
  • the proximal joints of the little finger are respectively configured to adopt a universal module for the interphalangeal joint with 1 degree of freedom;
  • the 1 degree of freedom interphalangeal joint universal module has a degree of freedom of flexion and extension, and is composed of an interphalangeal joint seat 17, an interphalangeal joint rotation end 18, an interphalangeal joint flexion and extension axis 19, and an interphalangeal joint flexion and extension angle sensor 20;
  • the interphalangeal joint flexion and extension shaft 19 has an interface that is adapted to the interphalangeal joint flexion and extension angle sensor 20 and an interface that is locked with the interphalangeal joint rotation end 18;
  • the installation method of any one of the interphalangeal joint seat 17 includes any of the following:
  • the interphalangeal joint seat 17 is first fixedly connected with the interphalangeal joint force and torque sensor 22, and the interphalangeal joint force and torque sensor 22 is then fixedly connected with the knuckles. This method is used to measure 1 to 1 degree of freedom of the interphalangeal joint universal module. Multidimensional forces and moments;
  • the installation method of any one of the interphalangeal joint rotating ends 18 includes any of the following:
  • the rotating end 18 of the interphalangeal joint is directly connected to the knuckle; or,
  • the palm base 23 has a wrist joint, thumb carpal joint 29, ring finger carpal joint 30, little finger carpal joint 31, index finger metacarpal joint 25 and middle finger metacarpal joint 26 respectively.
  • the installation interface is configured as the main load-bearing component of the palm unit 6;
  • the base of the ring finger metacarpal knuckle 27 has a rotation pair that forms an adduction and abduction degree of freedom with the ring finger carpal joint 30;
  • the root of the little finger metacarpal knuckle 28 has a rotation pair that forms an adduction and abduction degree of freedom with the little finger carpal metacarpal joint 31;
  • the root of the thumb metacarpal phalanx 24 cooperates with the thumb carpal metacarpal joint 29 to form a rotation pair with flexion and extension and lateral swing freedom, and is fixedly connected with a V-shaped sheave for tendon transmission.
  • the thumb carpal joint 29 has a degree of freedom of rotation and a degree of freedom of flexion and extension and lateral swing; the degree of freedom of flexion, extension and lateral swing of the thumb carpal joint 29 is a combination of the two motions of flexion, extension and lateral swing.
  • One degree of freedom the axis of which has an angle of 30 to 60 degrees with the axis of the 32 degrees of freedom of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, simulating the movement form of the thumb carpal joint doing flexion, extension and side swing when the hand is doing the opposite palm movement.
  • the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element 83 flexibly connects the middle finger palm phalanx 26 and the ring finger palm phalanx 27, and can be installed between the middle finger palm phalanx 26 and the ring finger palm phalanx 27 or installed On the palm side of the middle finger palm phalanx 26 and ring finger palm phalanx 27, restrict the range of motion of the ring finger palm phalanx 27, and keep the ring finger palm phalanx 27 in the original position (ie rest position) when there is no external force; when the ring finger When the palm phalanx 27 performs a flexion motion, the ring finger palm phalanx flexible restraining element 83 will hold it and an adduction motion will occur at the same time.
  • the ring finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element 83 and the little finger palm phalanx flexible constraining element 84 can be made of flexible materials (such as rubber or silicone).
  • the ring finger carpal joint 30 has degrees of freedom of flexion and extension and abduction and abduction. It consists of the ring finger carpal joint seat 52, the ring finger carpal joint rotating end 53, the ring finger carpal joint flexion and extension angle sensor 54, and the ring finger.
  • the carpal joint limit pin 56 and the ring finger carpal joint adduction and abduction angle sensor 55 are composed.
  • thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33, middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34, ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35, and little finger metacarpophalangeal joint 36 are respectively configured to use 3 free Universal module for metacarpophalangeal joints.
  • the cylindrical surface of the metacarpophalangeal joint side swing shaft 40 has a notch that locks and fits with the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and extension shaft 39, and one end has an interface for the metacarpophalangeal joint side swing angle sensor 41;
  • the rotary reset device has an interface for installing strain gauges or interphalangeal joint force and moment sensors 22 to measure the one to multi-dimensional forces and moments of the 3-degree-of-freedom metacarpophalangeal joint universal module; for example, the strain gauges can be installed on the elastic reset element 46 ⁇ The outer surface.
  • the palm phalanx of the thumb 24, index finger palm phalanx 25, middle finger palm phalanx 26, ring finger palm phalanx 27, and little finger palm phalanx 28 are driven by a gear train respectively. Its hinged metacarpophalangeal joint side swing rotating end 37 performs a side swing motion.
  • the wrist joint is composed of a wrist joint side swing axis 65, a wrist joint side swing rotation end 63, a wrist joint flexion and extension axis 96, a wrist joint flexion and extension rotation end 64, a wrist joint side swing angle sensor 67, and a wrist joint.
  • the flexion and extension angle sensor 68 and the wrist joint tendon guide groove 66 are composed.
  • One end of the wrist joint side swing shaft 65 has a coaxial driven V-shaped groove wheel, the middle part has a gap that is locked to fit with the wrist joint flexion and extension shaft 96, and the other end has a wrist joint side swing angle sensor 67. Interface.
  • the wrist joint flexion and extension rotation end 64 has an interface for connecting with the palm base 23 and an interface for installing the joint force and torque sensor 87 (to measure the one-to-multi-dimensional force and torque of the wrist).
  • the wrist joint tendon guide groove 66 is fixedly connected to the wrist joint side swing rotation end 63, and the tendon 81 that drives the wrist joint flexion and extension degree of freedom is embedded in the wrist joint tendon guide groove 66 to slide and weaken the wrist joint at the side.
  • the pendulum movement interferes with the tendon 81 that drives the degree of freedom of wrist joint flexion and extension; the side section of the wrist joint tendon guide groove 66 is semicircular, so that the tendon 81 maintains a constant transmission arm length (equal to The inner radius of the guide groove of the wrist joint tendon 66).
  • the wrist support frame 62 has a tendon sheath installation port, a wrist joint seat and an forearm installation seat, and is used to connect the wrist joint and the forearm module 8 together.
  • an improved solution is that the palm drive 95 is configured to adopt a linear drive, and the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joint side swing rotation end 37 is driven to perform a side swing movement through a link mechanism.
  • the driver in the forearm is configured to use a rotary driver, and the driver output shaft is not fixedly connected to the winch, but the rotary motion of the driver output shaft in the forearm is converted into Linear motion; the output shaft of the driver is fixedly connected with the lead screw of the lead screw mechanism, and the linear motion end of the lead screw mechanism is fixedly connected with the tendon 81.
  • the driver in the forearm adopts a rotary drive, it can be a steering gear, a DC motor or a brushless motor; if the driver in the forearm is a linear driver, it can be an artificial muscle or a linear motor.
  • the drivers in each forearm are divided into main joint drivers 70, auxiliary joint drivers 71, Wrist joint driver 72; its peak output force or peak output torque relationship is that the main joint driver 70 is the smallest, the auxiliary joint driver 71 is in the middle, and the wrist joint driver 72 is the largest.
  • the main joint driver 70 is used to drive the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal thumb joint 10, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the thumb metacarpal joint 32, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension and lateral swing of the thumb carpal joint 29, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger distal joint 13, and The degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the proximal index finger joint 15, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the distal middle finger joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the proximal middle finger joint, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34, the flexion and extension of the distal ring finger joint
  • the auxiliary joint driver 71 is used to drive the degree of freedom of rotation of the thumb carpal joint 29, the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the ring finger carpal joint 30, and the degree of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger carpal joint 31.
  • the wrist joint driver 72 is used to drive the degree of freedom of flexion and extension and the degree of freedom of lateral swing of the wrist joint.
  • the layout mode adopted by part or all of the internal drivers in the forearm module 8 includes one or any of the following:
  • each pair of forearm internal drivers drive the same degree of freedom to form an antagonistic drive; among them, the installation methods of each group of forearm drivers include:
  • each group of the main joint drivers 70 are installed opposite to each other, divided into the palm to the main joint driver and the back of the hand to the main joint driver, that is, the palm to the main joint driver.
  • the shaft faces the palm side, and the back of the hand faces the main joint drive output shaft towards the back of the hand;
  • auxiliary joint driver 71 Places the auxiliary joint driver 71 between the wrist joint driver 72 and the main joint driver 70; each group of auxiliary joint drivers 71 are installed opposite to each other, with the output shafts facing the back of the hand and the palm of the hand respectively;
  • each column corresponds to 1 finger unit, that is, starting from the thumb side, the first column corresponds to thumb unit 1, the second column corresponds to index finger unit 2, and the third Column corresponds to middle finger unit 3, column 4 corresponds to ring finger unit 4, and column 5 corresponds to little finger unit 5.
  • Each column of main joint drivers 70 is arranged in 3 groups (6 rows in total) from the hand side to the elbow side, and each group includes a pair of main joint drivers 70 to jointly drive 1 degree of freedom of the corresponding finger unit of the column; that is, starting from the hand side ,
  • the first column and the first group drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension and lateral swing of the thumb carpal-metacarpal joint 29, the first column and the second group drive the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, and the first column and the third group drive the thumb distal joint 10 Flexion and extension degrees of freedom;
  • the second column and the first group drive the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33 flexion and extension degrees,
  • the second column and the second group drive the index finger proximal joint 15 flexion and extension degrees of freedom
  • the second column and the third group drive the index finger distal joint 13 flexion and extension degrees of freedom Degrees of freedom;
  • the third column and the first group drive the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension
  • the different winches in the forearm module have one or more diameters, and each winch is respectively distributed on the back of the hand, palm or thumb or little finger of the forearm module, and part or all of the winches on each side are arranged in one to multiple layers.
  • the forearm module 8 In order to make full use of the space in the forearm module 8, a large number of winches are integrated into the small forearm module 8, to provide a suitable movement stroke for each joint, and to avoid interference between a large number of winches and tendons 81, the forearm module 8 Some or all of the winches are arranged as follows:
  • type I winch 80 type II winch 73, type III winch 74 and type IV winch 75 from small to large;
  • the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the distal thumb joint 10, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the index finger distal joint 13, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the middle finger distal joint, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the ring finger distal joint, and the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the little finger distal joint are configured to adopt type IV Winch 75 drive;
  • the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the index finger proximal joint 15, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the middle finger proximal joint, the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the ring finger proximal joint, and the flexion and extension degrees of freedom of the little finger proximal joint are configured as III Type winch 74 drive;
  • the degrees of freedom of rotation of the thumb carpal joint 29, the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the ring finger carpal joint 30, the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the little finger carpal joint 31, the degrees of freedom of flexion and extension of the wrist joint, and the degrees of freedom of lateral swing are configured to adopt I type winch 80 drive;
  • the first, third, and fifth rows of the palm to the main joint drive winch are installed on the inner layer of the palm side of the forearm module 8; the second and fourth rows of the palm to the main joint drive winch Installed on the outer layer of the palm side;
  • the drive storage bin is composed of one or more sub-storage bins; if there are more than one sub-storage bins, they can be disassembled or assembled with each other to facilitate independent assembly, debugging and maintenance of each sub-storage bin .
  • the drive storage bin is composed of a front sub-storage bin and a rear sub-storage bin.
  • the front sub-storage compartment is composed of an upper front storage plate 76, a lower front storage plate 78, and a coupling member, and a plurality of auxiliary joint drivers 71 and a plurality of wrist joint drivers 72 are installed inside.
  • the power cords of the auxiliary joint drivers 71 and the wrist joint drivers 72 are laid on the outer surface of the back of the hand of the upper front receiving plate 76 and the outer surface of the palm of the lower front receiving plate 78.
  • the rear sub-storage compartment is composed of an upper rear receiving plate 77, a lower rear receiving plate 79 and a coupling member, and a plurality of main joint drivers 70 are installed inside it.
  • the outer surface of the back of the hand of the upper rear receiving plate 77 and the outer surface of the palm of the lower rear receiving plate 79 are provided with power cords for each main joint driver 70.
  • the front sub-storage bin and the rear sub-storage bin can be separated or assembled together, so that the front sub-storage bin and the rear sub-storage bin can be assembled, debugged and maintained independently.
  • the tendon sheath guide seat 69 has multiple tendon sheath installation ports on the dorsal and palm sides, and the tendon sheath installation ports on each side are arranged in one or more layers for fixing the tendon sheath , Guide the direction of the tendon 81, so that the multiple tendons 81 and tendon sheaths can smoothly cross the wrist module to each joint of the hand module, reducing mutual interference; the tendon sheath guide seat 69 has a suitable wrist support 62 An interface and an interface adapted to the forearm module 8.
  • One or more tendon sheaths of the dexterous hand are respectively installed at one end on the tendon sheath installation opening of the tendon sheath guide seat 69 through a detachable tendon sheath fixation element, and the other end is installed on the joint of the joint that adopts tendon transmission through the detachable tendon sheath fixation element.
  • the tendon sheath of the seat is installed on the mouth.
  • the tendon sheath fixing element enables the tendon sheath to be easily installed or detached from the tendon sheath guide seat 69.
  • the part of the tendon 81 between the winch and the tendon sheath guide seat 69 is equipped with a tendon coupling 82, the tendon coupling 82 can be disconnected or coupled, so that the tendon 81 can be easily disconnected or coupled from the middle;
  • the maximum outer diameter of the tendon coupling 82 is smaller than the inner diameter of the tendon sheath installation opening of the tendon sheath guide seat 69, so that the tendon coupling 82 can pass through the tendon sheath installation opening along with the tendon 81;
  • the tendon coupling 82 can be composed of two sub-parts And use threads to connect together.
  • the dexterous hand adopts the tendon sheath fixing element and the tendon connector 82, so that the hand module and the wrist module of the dexterous hand can be assembled or disassembled and separated with the forearm module 8 more conveniently, which is convenient for production and maintenance.
  • the distal thumb joint 10, the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint 32, the index finger distal joint 13, the index finger proximal joint 15, the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint 33, the middle finger distal joint, the middle finger proximal joint, the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint 34, the ring finger distal joint, the ring finger proximal joint , Ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint 35, little finger distal joint, little finger proximal joint, little finger metacarpophalangeal joint 36 are each installed with a type I tendon sheath restraint element; the type I tendon sheath restraint element can be made of flexible material into a flexible sleeve.
  • the wrist joint is equipped with a type II tendon sheath constraining element;
  • the type II tendon sheath constraining element can be made of a flexible material and made of a flexible sleeve with multiple layers inside.
  • the thumb metacarpal phalanx 24, index finger metacarpal phalanx 25, middle finger metacarpal phalanx 26, ring finger metacarpal phalanx 27, and little finger metacarpal phalanx 28 are respectively installed with one type III tendon sheath restraining element on the upper and lower surfaces;
  • the type III tendon sheath constraining element can be made into a through tube or a through groove with multiple layers inside.
  • the outer surface of the index finger proximal phalanx 16, the middle finger proximal phalanx, the ring finger proximal phalanx, and the little finger proximal phalanx are respectively installed on the outer surface of the dorsal side and the palm side of a type IV tendon sheath restraint element; the type IV tendon sheath restraint element may adopt a smooth inner wall ⁇ ; The tendon sheath can slide axially in the IV tendon sheath restraint element.
  • the I-type tendon sheath constraining element is a flexible element that can be bent, and has one to more guide grooves or guide holes that guide 1 to 4 tendon sheaths to slide along their respective axial directions;
  • the type II tendon sheath constraining element is a flexible element that can be bent. It has one or more guide grooves or guide holes that guide at least 5 tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions, and has one or more tendon sheaths that allow passing through in the type II tendon sheath.
  • the type III tendon sheath constraining element has one to more guide grooves or guide holes that guide one or more tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions, and has a structure that allows one or more tendon sheaths to curl up in the part of the type III tendon sheath constraining element. .
  • the IV type tendon sheath restraint element has one to more guide grooves or guide holes for guiding one or more tendon sheaths to slide along the respective axial directions.
  • the dexterous hand is configured to adopt the following tendon transmission layout:
  • each tendon 81 that drives the wrist joint passes through the tendon sheath installation port of the wrist support frame 62 through the tendon sheath, and is respectively fixedly connected to the wrist joint lateral swing rotation end 63 and the wrist joint flexion and extension rotation end 64.
  • the distal end is fixedly connected to the tendon sheath installation port of the wrist support frame 62 through the tendon sheath fixing element;
  • each finger unit and the tendon 81 of the metacarpophalangeal joint and its tendon sheath respectively and continue to pass through the dorsal side and palm side of the metacarpal phalanx of the corresponding finger unit, and are installed on the palm phalanx dorsal side and palm side respectively.
  • the type III tendon sheath restraint element is divided into two to three layers to restrain the direction and curling space;
  • the tendon 81 of the metacarpophalangeal section of the thumb 24 and its tendon sheath are divided into inner and outer layers on each side; the inner tendon 81 on each side drives the freedom of flexion and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint 32 of the thumb and rotates with the metacarpophalangeal joint 32 of the thumb.
  • the end of its tendon sheath is fixedly connected to the interphalangeal joint seat 17 corresponding to the proximal joint of the finger unit through the tendon sheath fixing element;
  • the tendon 81 that drives the flexion and extension freedom of the distal joint of the index finger unit, the middle finger unit, the ring finger unit, and the little finger unit respectively, and its tendon sheath are fixedly connected by the dorsal side of the proximal phalanx and the palm side when the approach corresponds to the proximal phalanx of the finger unit.
  • the tendon sheath restraining element restricts the direction and can slide along its axis. When crossing the proximal joint of the corresponding finger unit, the tendon sheath flexible restraining element at the facet joint restrains the direction.
  • These tendons 81 are fixedly connected to the rotating end of the interphalangeal joint of the distal joint of the corresponding finger unit. 18.
  • the end of the tendon sheath is fixedly connected to the interphalangeal joint seat 17 corresponding to the distal joint of the finger unit through the tendon sheath fixing element.
  • the position of the axis of each joint of the dexterous hand imitates the position of the human hand, and the motion form is close to the human hand, and can be well qualified for the operations that the human hand can perform.
  • the structure of the hand module is endoskeleton type, and the outer surface has sufficient space to cover the bionic skin 91 with a certain thickness, a flexible jacket, and a rigid outer shell to protect the internal structure and make dexterous hands. Suitable for grasping and automatically adapting to complex curved objects.
  • the bionic skin 91 or the flexible jacket can be made of silicone material.
  • the outside of the endoskeleton type distal knuckle 86 has enough space to cover the bionic skin 91, a flexible jacket, and a rigid shell; tactile sensors 85 are distributed on the bionic skin 91 to provide tactile feedback, so that the dexterous hand is suitable for grasping and Automatically adapt to complex curved objects; the tactile sensor 85 can be made of strain materials (such as micro strain gauges);
  • the rigid shell can be flexible or rigid, and can wrap the dexterous hand in sections according to the knuckles of each finger unit, the palm unit 6, the wrist module 7, and the forearm module 8.
  • the bionic skin 91 or the flexible jacket can wrap the dexterous hand as a whole, or in sections according to the whole of each finger unit or each knuckle, palm unit 6, wrist module 7, and forearm module 8.
  • the bionic skin 91, the flexible jacket, and the rigid shell are made of materials that are waterproof, dustproof, and chemical-resistant, and an electromagnetic shielding layer and a protective layer that can shield or weaken ionizing radiation can be added to it.

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Abstract

一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,手部为内骨骼式,外表包覆具有一定厚度的柔性仿生皮肤层(91),灵巧手包括:拇指单元(1)、食指单元(2)、中指单元(3)、无名指单元(4)、小指单元(5)、掌部单元(6)、腕部模块(7)和小臂模块(8),关节采用双驱动器拮抗式驱动,采用腱联接件和腱鞘固定件,易于拆装手部和腕部,五指的掌指关节都具有回转自由度,使手指能够自动柔顺地适应复杂的曲面,拇指的腕掌关节具有屈伸、环转两个自由度,拇指掌指关节具有侧摆的自由度,无名指和小指的腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,能够做对掌动作,以执行复杂的捏取操作;多自由度关节的各自由度轴线正交,利于控制和运动规划计算,适合柔顺地操作复杂形状的物体,便于生产、拆装与维护。

Description

32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手
本申请要求于2019年12月02日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为201911214168.1、发明名称为“32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于仿生灵巧手技术领域,具体涉及一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手。
背景技术
仿生灵巧手是指手指数、自由度、形状和功能接近人手的机械手,能够灵活精细地操作物体,适合作为高性能假肢,或用于柔顺装配等工业场景,还可以代替人员进入污染、毒害、辐射等危险环境作业,以及应用于通用性较强的服务型机器人,是仿生机器人或人形机器人的关键组成部分。仿生灵巧手的特点是手部尺寸小巧而关节数量多,需要在狭小的空间内实现较大力量的传递,而且往往需要各个关节能够独立控制以达到较高的灵活性。
目前灵巧手大多采用腱传动、齿轮或连杆等传动方式。其中,腱传动具有柔顺、能胯关节传递较大力量等特点,被广泛应用于自由度数量高的灵巧手系统。该方式是通过腱(采用钢丝或柔绳)将位于手臂内的驱动器的力与运动传递至手部关节处,能够有效平衡手部空间尺寸约束与需要传递较大力量的矛盾;有的方案还会在腱的外层套上腱鞘(即软管),使腱能够在腱鞘内轴向滑动,用于约束腱的走向以及提供保护。然而这种方式需要使大量腱和腱鞘从腕部通过,手部与腕部不易自由拆装并与手臂分离或组合,不便于维护。因此,需要一种能够灵活地将腱和腱鞘断开、以及将手部和腕部拆装并与手臂分离或组合的方式,以便生产、拆装和维护。
人的关节由一对肌肉群组形成拮抗式驱动,即当一组肌肉收紧,另一组肌肉释放,对应关节即向一个方向转动,反之亦然。采用腱传动的灵巧手也可模拟此方式,令每个关节由一对驱动器进行拮抗式驱动,即需要关节向一个方向转动时,其中一个驱动器拉腱,另一个驱动器放腱,反之亦然;这样还可以控制关节刚度,进而兼顾柔顺操作和抗干扰鲁棒性。然而这种方式需要用到的电机数量较多,如何有效地利用小臂空间布置驱动器以及传动系统是一个难点。
人手中一些关节具有2个或更多自由度(如掌指关节和腕部关节),而且这些自由度的轴线接近正交,各个自由度由不同的肌肉群驱动,可以灵活独立的运动。仿生灵巧手关节的设计也应使相应关节的各个自由度的轴线尽量正交,这样在运动形态和人手最接近,而且关节的各个自由度互相解耦,便于控制与运动规划的计算。目前很多灵巧手的设计没有做到这一点,为控制和运动规划的计算带来了一定困难。
人手中的一些关节具有被动自由度,如掌指关节可以令手指在受外力作用下沿手指近指节轴线作小幅度旋转(即回转运动),这样可使手指自动柔顺地适应复杂的曲面,对抓握、抓持和操作复杂形状的物体具有重要意义,例如握笔书写、使用筷子等,手指需要作小幅度回转以配合笔或筷子的外形。然而目前的灵巧手还没有采用这种被动自由度,对复杂形状的物体的适应性不够好。
人手还具有对掌运动的能力。对掌运动是指拇指尖的掌面和其他各指的掌面相接触的运动,是人类在长期的生产过程中进化出的特有能力,使人手能够执行复杂的捏取动作以及使手掌适应具有复杂曲面的被操作对象,例如抓握苹果、灯泡等。对掌运动要求拇指的腕掌关节至少具有环转自由度和屈伸自由度以及小幅度侧摆的自由度,并且需要拇指掌指关节具有侧摆的自由度,以及需要无名指和小指的腕掌关节至少具有小幅度屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度(或者同时采用内旋的自由度)。现有的大部分灵巧手尚未充分实现对掌功能,不易执行复杂的捏取动作。
现在的大部分灵巧手采用外骨骼方案,其外壳较坚硬,手掌常常为一整块,手部表面也没有充足空间用于包覆有一定厚度的柔性仿生皮肤层,不利于执行柔顺握取和操作。
技术问题
本申请实施例的目的之一在于:提供一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,旨在解决如下问题:
1、现有的灵巧手需要使大量腱和腱鞘从腕部通过,手部与腕部不易自由拆装并与手臂分离或组合,不便于维护;
2、现有的灵巧手中多自由度关节的各个自由度轴线不是正交,不利于控制与运动规划的计算;
3、现有的灵巧手尚未充分实现对掌功能,各手指也没有被动自由度,对复杂形状的物体的适应性较差,不易执行复杂的操作;
4、现有的灵巧手采用外骨骼方案,不利于包覆仿生皮肤,而且其外壳较坚硬,不利于执行柔顺操作。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题,本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:
一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,所述灵巧手包括:手部模块、腕部模块、小臂模块;
所述手部模块包括:拇指单元、食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元、掌部单元;
所述拇指单元由拇指远指节、拇指近指节、拇指远关节组成;
所述食指单元由食指远指节、食指中指节、食指近指节、食指远关节、食指近关节组成;
所述中指单元由中指远指节、中指中指节、中指近指节、中指远关节、中指近关节组成;
所述无名指单元由无名指远指节、无名指中指节、无名指近指节、无名指远关节、无名指近关节组成;
所述小指单元由小指远指节、小指中指节、小指近指节、小指远关节、小指近关节组成;
所述掌部单元由腕掌基座、拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节、拇指腕掌关节、无名指腕掌关节、小指腕掌关节、无名指掌指节挠性约束元件、小指掌指节挠性约束元件、拇指掌指关节、食指掌指关节、中指掌指关节、无名指掌指关节、小指掌指关节组成;
所述腕部模块由腕部关节和腕部支撑架组成;
所述小臂模块由腱鞘引导座和驱动器收纳仓组成;
所述拇指单元通过拇指掌指关节铰接于拇指掌指节;
所述食指单元通过食指掌指关节铰接于食指掌指节;
所述中指单元通过中指掌指关节铰接于中指掌指节;
所述无名指单元通过无名指掌指关节铰接于无名指掌指节;
所述小指单元通过小指掌指关节铰接于小指掌指节;
所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节分别安装有一个掌内驱动器,并与掌内驱动器的定子固联;
所述拇指掌指节通过拇指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
所述食指掌指节固联于腕掌基座;
所述中指掌指节固联于腕掌基座;
所述无名指掌指节通过无名指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
所述小指掌指节通过小指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件将中指掌指节与无名指掌指节柔性联接在一起;
所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件将无名指掌指节与小指掌指节柔性联接在一起;
所述腕掌基座通过腕部关节铰接于腕部支撑架;
所述腕部支撑架固联于小臂模块;
所述腱鞘引导座安装于腕部支撑架与小臂模块相衔接处;
所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有多个小臂内驱动器;
所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有驱动器驱动电路;
各个小臂内驱动器的输出轴分别安装有1个绞盘;
所述掌内驱动器和小臂内驱动器均配置为旋转型驱动器。
所述灵巧手具有32个自由度;其中,拇指远关节具有屈伸自由度,拇指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,拇指腕掌关节具有环转自由度和屈伸兼侧摆自由度,食指远关节具有屈伸自由度,食指近关节具有屈伸自由度,食指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,中指远关节具有屈伸自由度,中指近关节具有屈伸自由度,中指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指远关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指近关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,小指远关节具有屈伸自由度,小指近关节具有屈伸自由度,小指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,小指腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,腕部关节具有屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度。
可选地,所述拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度的轴线正交,所述小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度的轴线正交,所述腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度的轴线正交,利于控制与运动规划的计算。
所述拇指掌指关节的回转自由度、食指掌指关节的回转自由度、中指掌指关节的回转自由度、无名指掌指关节的回转自由度、小指掌指关节的回转自由度、无名指腕掌关节的内收外展自由度、小指腕掌关节的内收外展自由度为由外力驱动的被动自由度。
所述拇指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由拇指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动。
所述食指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由食指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动。
所述中指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由中指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动。
所述无名指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由无名指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动。
所述小指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由小指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动。
所述拇指远关节的屈伸自由度、拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度和环转自由度、食指远关节的屈伸自由度、食指近关节的屈伸自由度、食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度分别由包括一对小臂内驱动器并采用腱传动的拮抗式驱动机构驱动,并且这些自由度互相解耦。
所述灵巧手的一至多个腱包覆有具有保护和引导腱的作用的腱鞘;所述腱鞘由内至外具有一至多层。
所述腱鞘引导座具有多个腱鞘安装口;
所述腱鞘的一端与采用腱传动的关节的关节座固定,另一端与腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口固定。
在所述拮抗式驱动机构中,受控关节的转动端通过腱固定元件与腱上任一点固联,受控关节的受控自由度由一对小臂内驱动器共同驱动;其中,一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱的一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的一个方向的运动趋势,另一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱的另一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的相反方向的运动趋势;这对小臂内驱动器构成拮抗式驱动。
通过配置构成拮抗式驱动的一对小臂内驱动器的速度和输出力对受控关节的运动、力矩、关节阻尼和关节刚度进行控制;这使灵巧手能够兼顾操作的柔顺性和抗干扰的鲁棒性。
所述灵巧手的各个关节处安装有关节角度传感器,测量各个自由度的旋转角度和角速度;角速度可以通过角度对时间做微分得到。
所述灵巧手的全部或部分关节处安装有关节力和力矩传感器。
所述灵巧手的一至多个腱安装有腱张力传感器。
所述灵巧手的一至多个绞盘安装有力矩传感器,测量小臂内驱动器输出轴作用于绞盘的力矩。
所述灵巧手采用腱传动的各个关节的关节座具有腱鞘安装口。
所述拇指远指节、食指远指节、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节、食指中指节、中指中指节、无名指中指节、小指中指节、拇指近指节、食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为采用轻合金制作或者采用轻质非金属材料制作,具有电磁屏蔽层,用于屏蔽内部电路,提高抗电磁干扰能力。
所述拇指单元、食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的各指节的长度比例关系模拟人手。
所述拇指远指节、食指远指节、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节配置为外侧壁具有锥面并且底面开口的中空构造;外侧壁可以适配指端力传感器或仿生皮肤;中空的空间容纳关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
所述食指中指节、中指中指节、无名指中指节和小指中指节配置为中空管的构造;中空的空间容纳关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
所述拇指近指节、食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为基部具有侧突的中空管的构造;侧突的空间容纳掌指关节回转角度传感器;中空的空间容纳回转复位装置、关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
所述拇指远关节、食指远关节、中指远关节、无名指远关节、小指远关节、食指近关节、中指近关节、无名指近关节和小指近关节分别配置为采用1自由度指间关节通用模组;
所述1自由度指间关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度,由指间关节座、指间关节转动端、指间关节屈伸轴、指间关节屈伸角度传感器组成。
所述指间关节屈伸轴具有与指间关节屈伸角度传感器适配的接口以及与指间关节转动端锁紧的接口。
所述指间关节座和指间关节转动端各有一个用于安装指节或关节力和力矩传感器的安装接口。
任一个所述指间关节座的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
指间关节座直接与指节固联;或,
指间关节座先与关节力和力矩传感器固联,关节力和力矩传感器再与指节固联,这种方式用于测量1自由度指间关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩。
任一个所述指间关节转动端的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
指间关节转动端直接与指节固联;或,
指间关节转动端先与关节力和力矩传感器固联,关节力和力矩传感器再与指节固联,这种方式用于测量1自由度指间关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩。
所述腕掌基座具有分别与腕部关节、拇指腕掌关节、无名指腕掌关节、小指腕掌关节、食指掌指节和中指掌指节联接的安装接口,配置为掌部单元的主要承力部件。
所述食指掌指节和中指掌指节的主轴线配置为形成0至15度的夹角,模拟人手掌部的曲面。
所述无名指掌指节的根部与无名指腕掌关节形成内收外展自由度的转动副。
所述小指掌指节的根部与小指腕掌关节形成内收外展自由度的转动副。
所述拇指掌指节的根部与拇指腕掌关节配合形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副,并且固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮。
所述拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度为耦合了屈伸和侧摆两个运动的一个自由度,其轴线与拇指掌指关节侧摆自由度的轴线具有30至60度的夹角,模拟人手在做对掌动作时拇指腕掌关节同时做屈伸和侧摆动作的运动形态,以实现对掌功能。
所述拇指腕掌关节由拇指腕掌关节座、拇指腕掌关节转动端、拇指腕掌关节环转角度传感器和拇指腕掌关节屈伸侧摆角度传感器组成。
所述拇指腕掌关节转动端的一端与拇指腕掌关节座形成环转自由度的转动副并且同轴固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮,另一端与拇指掌指节形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副;
所述拇指腕掌关节转动端具有腱鞘安装口。
所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件约束无名指掌指节的运动范围,并使无名指掌指节在没有外力作用时保持在原位;当无名指掌指节做屈曲运动时,无名指掌指节挠性约束元件将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动。
所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件约束小指掌指节的运动范围,并使小指掌指节在没有外力作用时保持在原位;
当小指掌指节做屈曲运动时,小指掌指节挠性约束元件将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动。
当所述掌部单元受到小指侧至拇指侧方向的外力时(如握手时),无名指掌指节和小指掌指节可同时发生内收运动,并由无名指掌指节挠性约束元件和小指掌指节挠性约束元件吸收和缓冲这个外力。
所述无名指腕掌关节由无名指腕掌关节座、无名指腕掌关节转动端、无名指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器和无名指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器组成。
所述小指腕掌关节由小指腕掌关节座、小指腕掌关节转动端、小指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器和小指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器组成。
所述拇指掌指关节、食指掌指关节、中指掌指关节、无名指掌指关节、小指掌指关节分别配置为采用3自由度掌指关节通用模组。
所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度;可选地,这3个自由度的轴线正交以利于控制与运动规划的计算。
所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组由掌指关节侧摆转动端、掌指关节侧摆轴、掌指关节屈伸转动端、掌指关节屈伸轴、回转复位装置、掌指关节屈伸角度传感器、掌指关节侧摆角度传感器、掌指关节回转角度传感器、掌指关节腱导向槽组成。
所述掌指关节侧摆轴的柱面具有与掌指关节屈伸轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节侧摆角度传感器的接口。
所述掌指关节屈伸轴的柱面具有与掌指关节侧摆轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节屈伸角度传感器的接口。
所述掌指关节屈伸转动端具有支撑近指节做回转运动并承力的回转关节座。
所述回转复位装置安装于掌指关节屈伸转动端的回转关节座,具有弹性复位元件(如复位弹簧),使手指单元在受到外来的扭力时做回转运动,并且回转的幅度与该扭力成正相关;当外来的扭力消失时,手指单元回复至原位。
所述回转复位装置具有安装应变片或关节力和力矩传感器的接口,以测量3自由度掌指关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩。
所述掌指关节腱导向槽固联于掌指关节侧摆转动端,途径掌指关节的腱和腱鞘嵌在掌指关节腱导向槽中滑动;掌指关节腱导向槽引导腱和腱鞘的走向,减弱掌指关节在做侧摆运动时对驱动掌指关节屈伸自由度的腱以及对跨越3自由度掌指关节通用模组的腱鞘的干涉;掌指关节腱导向槽的侧剖面为半圆型,使腱在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度(等于掌指关节腱导向槽内半径)。
所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器分别通过齿轮系带动其铰接的掌指关节侧摆转动端做侧摆运动。
所述腕部关节由腕部关节侧摆轴、腕部关节侧摆转动端、腕部关节屈伸轴、腕部关节屈伸转动端、腕部关节侧摆角度传感器、腕部关节屈伸角度传感器和腕部关节腱导向槽组成。
所述腕部关节侧摆轴的一端具有同轴从动V型槽轮,中部具有与腕部关节屈伸轴锁紧配合的缺口,另一端具有与腕部关节侧摆角度传感器适配的接口。
所述腕部关节屈伸轴的柱面具有与腕部关节侧摆轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有与腕部关节屈伸角度传感器适配的接口。
所述腕部关节屈伸转动端具有与腕掌基座联接的接口,以及安装关节力和力矩传感器的接口(以测量腕部的一至多维力和力矩)。
所述腕部关节腱导向槽固联于腕部关节侧摆转动端,驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的腱嵌在腕部关节腱导向槽中滑动,减弱腕部关节在做侧摆运动时对驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的腱的干涉;所述腕部关节腱导向槽的侧剖面为半圆型,使腱在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度(等于腕部关节腱导向槽内半径)。
所述腕部支撑架具有腱鞘安装口、腕部关节座和小臂安装座,用于将腕部关节和小臂模块联接在一起。
一种改进的方案为,所述掌内驱动器配置为采用直线型驱动器,通过连杆机构驱动对应掌指关节侧摆转动端做侧摆运动。
一种改进的方案为,所述小臂内驱动器配置为采用直线型驱动器,驱动器输出轴与腱固联。
另一种改进的方案为,所述小臂内驱动器配置为采用旋转型驱动器,而驱动器输出轴并不与绞盘固联,而是通过丝杠机构将小臂内驱动器输出轴的旋转运动转为直线运动;驱动器输出轴与丝杠机构的丝杠固联,丝杠机构的直线运动端与腱固联。
所述小臂内驱动器若采用旋转型驱动器,可以采用舵机、直流电机或无刷电机等;所述小臂内驱动器若采用直线型驱动器,可以采用人造肌肉、直线电机。
各个小臂内驱动器按照峰值输出力或峰值输出力矩的大小以及驱动对象的不同,分为主要关节驱动器、辅助关节驱动器、腕部关节驱动器;其峰值输出力或峰值输出力矩的大小关系为主要关节驱动器最小,辅助关节驱动器居中,腕部关节驱动器最大。
所述主要关节驱动器用于驱动拇指远关节的屈伸自由度、拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、食指远关节的屈伸自由度、食指近关节的屈伸自由度、食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度。
所述辅助关节驱动器用于驱动拇指腕掌关节的环转自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度。
所述腕部关节驱动器用于驱动腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度。
所述小臂模块中的部分或全部小臂内驱动器采用的布局方式包括下面的一种或任几种:
将多个小臂内驱动器从拇指侧到小指侧方向排为多列安装;和/或,
将多个小臂内驱动器从手侧到肘侧方向排为多排安装;和/或,
将多个小臂内驱动器两两分为一组,每组的一对小臂内驱动器驱动同一个自由度,构成拮抗式驱动;其中,每组小臂内驱动器的安装方式包括:
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向手背侧,另一个输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向拇指侧,另一个输出轴朝向小指侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手背侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向拇指侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向小指侧。
可选地,为充分利用小臂模块内的空间,所述小臂模块中的部分或全部小臂内驱动器采用如下布局方式:
1)将腕部关节驱动器置于驱动器收纳仓中最靠近腕部关节的位置;驱动腕部关节侧摆自由度的一组腕部关节驱动器同向安装,输出轴朝向手背侧;驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的一组腕部关节驱动器相向安装,输出轴分别朝向手背侧和手心侧;
2)将主要关节驱动器置于驱动器收纳仓中远离腕部关节的位置;每组主要关节驱动器相向安装,分为手心向主要关节驱动器和手背向主要关节驱动器,即手心向主要关节驱动器输出轴朝向手心侧,手背向主要关节驱动器输出轴朝向手背侧;
3)将辅助关节驱动器置于腕部关节驱动器与主要关节驱动器之间的位置;每组辅助关节驱动器相向安装,输出轴分别朝向手背侧和手心侧;
4)将主要关节驱动器从拇指侧到小指侧排为5列,每列对应1个手指单元,即从拇指侧开始,第1列对应拇指单元,第2列对应食指单元,第3列对应中指单元,第4列对应无名指单元,第5列对应小指单元。
每列主要关节驱动器从手侧到肘侧方向排为3组(共6排),每组包括一对主要关节驱动器共同驱动该列对应手指单元的1个自由度;即从手侧开始,第1列第1组驱动拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度,第1列第2组驱动拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度,第1列第3组驱动拇指远关节的屈伸自由度;第2列第1组驱动食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度,第2列第2组驱动食指近关节的屈伸自由度,第2列第3组驱动食指远关节的屈伸自由度;第3列第1组驱动中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度,第3列第2组驱动中指近关节的屈伸自由度,第3列第3组驱动中指远关节的屈伸自由度;第4列第1组驱动无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度,第4列第2组驱动无名指近关节的屈伸自由度,第4列第3组驱动无名指远关节的屈伸自由度;第5列第1组驱动小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度,第5列第2组驱动小指近关节的屈伸自由度,第5列第3组驱动小指远关节的屈伸自由度。
所述小臂模块中的不同绞盘具有一至多种直径,各个绞盘分别分布在小臂模块的手背侧或手心侧或拇指侧或小指侧,每侧的部分或全部绞盘分为一至多层排列。
可选地,为充分利用小臂模块内的空间,将大量绞盘集成进小巧的小臂模块,为各个关节提供合适的运动行程,并且避免大量绞盘和腱互相干涉,小臂模块中的部分或全部绞盘采用如下布局:
1)采用4种不同直径的绞盘,按照绞盘的直径由小到大分为I型绞盘、II型绞盘、III型绞盘和IV型绞盘;
2)所述拇指远关节的屈伸自由度、食指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度配置为采用IV型绞盘驱动;
3)所述拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、食指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度配置为采用III型绞盘驱动;
4)所述拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度配置为采用II型绞盘驱动;
5)所述拇指腕掌关节的环转自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度配置为采用I型绞盘驱动;
6)所述第一列、第三列、第五列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在小臂模块的手心侧内层;第二列、第四列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在手心侧外层;
7)所述第一列、第三列、第五列的手背向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在小臂模块的手背侧外层;第二列、第四列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在手背侧内层。
所述驱动器收纳仓由一至多个子收纳仓组成;若所述子收纳仓多于一个,则其互相之间可以是拆开或组装在一起的状态,便于各个子收纳仓独立组装、调试和维护。
所述腱鞘引导座的多个腱鞘安装口分别分布在腱鞘引导座的手背侧和手心侧,每侧的腱鞘安装口分别排列为一至多层,使多个腱和腱鞘能够顺利跨过腕部模块通至手部模块的各个关节,减少相互干涉;所述腱鞘引导座具有与腕部支撑架适配的接口以及与小臂模块适配的接口。
所述灵巧手的一至多个腱鞘分别通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将一端安装在腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口上,并通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将另一端安装在采用腱传动的关节的关节座的腱鞘安装口上。
所述腱鞘固定元件使腱鞘能够容易地从腱鞘引导座上安装或拆下;
腱在绞盘和腱鞘引导座之间的部分装有腱联接件,腱联接件可断开或联接,从而使腱从中间断开或联接;所述腱联接件的最大外直径小于腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口的内直径,这样腱联接件可以随着腱一起从腱鞘安装口穿出。
所述灵巧手采用了腱鞘固定元件和腱联接件,使灵巧手的手部模块和腕部模块能够较便捷地与小臂模块组装在一起或拆下分离,便于生产和维护。
所述拇指远关节、拇指掌指关节、食指远关节、食指近关节、食指掌指关节、中指远关节、中指近关节、中指掌指关节、无名指远关节、无名指近关节、无名指掌指关节、小指远关节、小指近关节、小指掌指关节处各安装有1个I型腱鞘约束元件。
所述腕部关节安装有1个II型腱鞘约束元件。
所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节分别在其上表面和下表面各安装有1个III型腱鞘约束元件。
所述食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节、小指近指节的手背侧和手心侧外表面分别安装有1个IV型腱鞘约束元件。
所述I型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导1至4个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔。
所述II型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导至少5个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许穿过其中的一至多个腱鞘在该II型腱鞘约束元件内部各自发生蜷曲的构造。
所述III型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许一至多个腱鞘在该III型腱鞘约束元件中的部分各自发生蜷曲的构造。
所述IV型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔。
所述灵巧手配置为采用如下的腱传动布局:
1)多个腱分布于所述灵巧手的手背侧和手心侧,其一端与对应的绞盘固联,其腱鞘的始端分别通过腱鞘固定元件固定于腱鞘引导座的手背侧和手心侧的腱鞘安装口,腱从中穿过,向腕部模块延伸;
2)其中,驱动腕部关节的各个腱通过腱鞘穿过腕部支撑架的腱鞘安装口,分别与腕部关节侧摆转动端、腕部关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与腕部支撑架的腱鞘安装口固联;
3)其它腱及其腱鞘分别从手背侧和手心侧越过腕部关节,由安装于腕部的大关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向和蜷曲空间,继而分别在腕掌基座的手背侧和手心侧汇拢;
4)分别驱动拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度和小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度的各个腱通过腱鞘穿过对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口,与对应腕掌关节转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口固联;
5)驱动拇指腕掌关节环转自由度的腱固联于拇指掌指节的V型槽轮,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与拇指腕掌关节转动端的腱鞘安装口固联;
6)分别驱动各个手指单元及对应掌指关节的腱及其腱鞘,继续分别从对应手指单元的掌指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,并分别由安装于掌指节手背侧和手心侧的III型腱鞘约束元件分为二至三层以约束走向与蜷曲空间;
7)途径拇指掌指节的腱及其腱鞘每侧分为内、外两层;每侧内层的腱驱动拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度并与拇指掌指关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与拇指掌指节固联;每侧外层的腱驱动拇指远关节的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向拇指近指节延伸,在跨越拇指掌指关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱固联于拇指远关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于拇指远关节的指间关节座;
8)途径食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节的腱及其腱鞘每侧分为内、中、外三层;每侧内层的腱驱动对应手指单元掌指关节的屈伸自由度并与掌指关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与对应掌指节固联;每侧中层和外层的腱分别驱动对应手指单元近关节的屈伸自由度和远关节的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向对应手指单元的近指节延伸,在跨越对应手指单元掌指关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向;
9)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的近关节的屈伸自由度的腱及其腱鞘继而分别从对应手指单元近指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,这些腱固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节座;
10)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的远关节的屈伸自由度的腱及其腱鞘在途径对应手指单元近指节时由近指节手背侧和手心侧固联的IV型腱鞘约束元件约束走向并能沿其轴线滑动,在跨越对应手指单元近关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节座。
所述灵巧手的各关节的各自由度轴线位置模仿人手,运动形态接近人手,能够很好地胜任人手能够执行的操作。
所述手部模块的结构为内骨骼式,外表面有充足空间,由具有一定厚度的仿生皮肤、柔性外套、刚性外壳包覆,用于保护内部构造以及使灵巧手适合抓握和自动适应复杂曲面物体。
所述刚性外壳将所述灵巧手按照各个手指单元的指节、掌部单元、腕部模块、小臂模块分段包覆。
所述仿生皮肤或柔性外套将所述灵巧手整体包覆,或者按照各个手指单元的整体或其各个指节、掌部单元、腕部模块、小臂模块分段包覆。
所述仿生皮肤、柔性外套、刚性外壳采用具有防水防尘和防止化学侵蚀的材料,和/或电磁屏蔽层,和/或具有屏蔽或减弱电离辐射作用的保护层。
有益效果
本申请实施例的有益效果为:本申请实施例提供的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手借鉴人手的解剖学结构,手部模块的结构为内骨骼式,外表有足够空间可以包覆具有一定厚度的柔性仿生皮肤层,为触觉感知、柔顺操作和抚摸提供了基础;关节采用了双驱动器拮抗式驱动,可以控制关节阻尼和关节刚度,兼顾操作的柔顺性和抗干扰的鲁棒性;采用了腱联接件和腱鞘固定件,腱和腱鞘容易联接或取下,进而使手部和腕部易于与小臂组装或分离,便于生产和维护;五指的掌指关节都具有回转自由度,使手指能够自动柔顺地适应具有复杂曲面的被操作对象(如握笔、使用筷子等);拇指的腕掌关节具有屈伸、环转两个自由度,拇指掌指关节具有侧摆的自由度,无名指和小指的腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,能够做对掌动作,以执行复杂的捏取操作以及使手掌适应具有复杂曲面的被操作对象(如握住苹果、灯泡等);多自由度关节的各自由度轴线正交,利于控制和运动规划计算;采用的驱动器、绞盘、腱和腱鞘的布局方式能充分利用灵巧手狭小的空间,使灵巧手的整体尺寸做到和人手一致;该灵巧手非常适合柔顺地操作复杂形状的物体,便于生产、拆装与维护,非常适合作为高端假肢或作为高性能通用机器人灵巧手或末端执行装置;该灵巧手可以配套能够防水、防尘和防止化学侵蚀,并且能够屏蔽或减弱电离辐射的柔性或刚性外壳、柔性外套或仿生皮肤,可以代替人员进入污染、毒害、辐射等危险环境作业。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的整体结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的拇指单元示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的食指单元示意图。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的1自由度指间关节通用模组示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的掌部单元示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的3自由度掌指关节通用模组示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的拇指腕掌关节示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的无名指腕掌关节示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的小指腕掌关节示意图;
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的腕部模块示意图;
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的侧视图;
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的小臂模块俯视图;
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手的拮抗式驱动机构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
为了说明本申请的技术方案,以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
参见附图1,本申请实施例公开了一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,该灵巧手包括:拇指单元1、食指单元2、中指单元3、无名指单元4、小指单元5、掌部单元6、腕部模块7和小臂模块8。
参见附图2和附图5,所述拇指单元1由拇指远指节9、拇指近指节11、拇指远关节10组成,通过具有3个自由度的拇指掌指关节32与拇指掌指节24铰接。
参见附图3和附图5,所述食指单元2由食指远指节12、食指中指节14、食指近指节16、食指远关节13、食指近关节15组成,通过具有3个自由度的食指掌指关节33与食指掌指节25铰接。
参见附图1和附图5,所述中指单元3由中指远指节、中指中指节、中指近指节、中指远关节、中指近关节组成,通过具有3个自由度的中指掌指关节34与中指掌指节26铰接;
所述无名指单元4由无名指远指节、无名指中指节、无名指近指节、无名指远关节、无名指近关节组成,通过具有3个自由度的无名指掌指关节35与无名指掌指节27铰接;
所述小指单元5由小指远指节、小指中指节、小指近指节、小指远关节、小指近关节组成,通过具有3个自由度的小指掌指关节36与小指掌指节28铰接;
所述中指单元3、无名指单元4、小指单元5在结构上与食指单元2相近,参见附图3即可,不再使用额外的附图说明。
参见附图5,所述掌部单元6由腕掌基座23、拇指掌指节24、食指掌指节25、中指掌指节26、无名指掌指节27、小指掌指节28、拇指腕掌关节29、无名指腕掌关节30、小指腕掌关节31、无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83、小指掌指节挠性约束元件84、拇指掌指关节32、食指掌指关节33、中指掌指关节34、无名指掌指关节35、小指掌指关节36组成。
参见附图10,所述腕部模块7由腕部关节和腕部支撑架62组成。
参见附图11和附图12,所述小臂模块8由腱鞘引导座69和驱动器收纳仓组成。
参见附图1和附图2和附图3和附图5,所述拇指单元1通过拇指掌指关节32铰接于拇指掌指节24;
所述食指单元2通过食指掌指关节33铰接于食指掌指节25;
所述中指单元3通过中指掌指关节34铰接于中指掌指节26;
所述无名指单元4通过无名指掌指关节35铰接于无名指掌指节27;
所述小指单元5通过小指掌指关节36铰接于小指掌指节28;
所述拇指掌指节24、食指掌指节25、中指掌指节26、无名指掌指节27、小指掌指节28分别安装有一个掌内驱动器95,并与掌内驱动器95的定子固联;
所述拇指掌指节24通过拇指腕掌关节29铰接于腕掌基座23;
所述食指掌指节25固联于腕掌基座23;
所述中指掌指节26固联于腕掌基座23;
所述无名指掌指节27通过无名指腕掌关节30铰接于腕掌基座23;
所述小指掌指节28通过小指腕掌关节31铰接于腕掌基座23;
所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83将中指掌指节26与无名指掌指节27柔性联接在一起;
所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件84将无名指掌指节27与小指掌指节28柔性联接在一起;
参见附图1和和附图5和附图10,所述腕掌基座23通过腕部关节铰接于腕部支撑架62;
所述腕部支撑架62固联于小臂模块8;
所述腱鞘引导座69安装于腕部支撑架62与小臂模块8相衔接处;
所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有多个小臂内驱动器;
所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有驱动器驱动电路;
各个小臂内驱动器的输出轴分别安装有1个绞盘。
所述掌内驱动器95和小臂内驱动器均配置为旋转型驱动器。
所述灵巧手具有32个自由度;其中,拇指远关节10具有屈伸自由度,拇指掌指关节32具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,拇指腕掌关节29具有环转自由度和屈伸兼侧摆自由度,食指远关节13具有屈伸自由度,食指近关节15具有屈伸自由度,食指掌指关节33具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,中指远关节具有屈伸自由度,中指近关节具有屈伸自由度,中指掌指关节34具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指远关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指近关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指掌指关节35具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指腕掌关节30具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,小指远关节具有屈伸自由度,小指近关节具有屈伸自由度,小指掌指关节36具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,小指腕掌关节31具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,腕部关节具有屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度。
可选地,所述拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述食指掌指关节33的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述中指掌指关节34的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述无名指掌指关节35的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述小指掌指关节36的屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度的轴线正交,所述无名指腕掌关节30的屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度的轴线正交,所述小指腕掌关节31的屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度的轴线正交,所述腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度的轴线正交,利于控制与运动规划的计算。
所述拇指掌指关节32的回转自由度、食指掌指关节33的回转自由度、中指掌指关节34的回转自由度、无名指掌指关节35的回转自由度、小指掌指关节36的回转自由度、无名指腕掌关节30的内收外展自由度、小指腕掌关节31的内收外展自由度为由外力驱动的被动自由度。
参见附图5,所述拇指掌指关节32的侧摆自由度由拇指掌指节24安装的掌内驱动器95通过齿轮系驱动;
所述食指掌指关节33的侧摆自由度由食指掌指节25安装的掌内驱动器95通过齿轮系驱动;
所述中指掌指关节34的侧摆自由度由中指掌指节26安装的掌内驱动器95通过齿轮系驱动;
所述无名指掌指关节35的侧摆自由度由无名指掌指节27安装的掌内驱动器95通过齿轮系驱动;
所述小指掌指关节36的侧摆自由度由小指掌指节28安装的掌内驱动器95通过齿轮系驱动。
所述拇指远关节10的屈伸自由度、拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度、拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度和环转自由度、食指远关节13的屈伸自由度、食指近关节15的屈伸自由度、食指掌指关节33的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节34的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节35的屈伸自由度、无名指腕掌关节30的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节36的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节31的屈伸自由度、腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度分别由包括一对小臂内驱动器并采用腱传动的拮抗式驱动机构驱动,并且这些自由度互相解耦;
参见附图1和附图12,所述灵巧手的一至多个腱81包覆有具有保护和引导腱的作用的腱鞘;所述腱鞘由内至外具有一至多层;
参见附图1和附图11,所述腱鞘引导座69具有多个腱鞘安装口;
所述腱鞘的一端与采用腱传动的关节的关节座固定,另一端与腱鞘引导座69的腱鞘安装口固定;
参见附图4和附图13,在所述拮抗式驱动机构中,受控关节的转动端通过腱固定元件21与腱81上任一点固联,受控关节的受控自由度由一对小臂内驱动器共同驱动;其中,一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱81的一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的一个方向的运动趋势,另一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱81的另一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的相反方向的运动趋势;这对小臂内驱动器构成拮抗式驱动;
通过配置构成拮抗式驱动的一对小臂内驱动器的速度和输出力对受控关节的运动、力矩、关节阻尼和关节刚度进行控制;
参见附图4,以1自由度指间关节通用模组为例,腱81通过腱固定元件21固联于指间关节转动端18的槽轮处;其它由腱传动的关节的转动端均安装有类似作用的腱固定元件21;
参见附图13,1个手背侧小臂内驱动器通过手背侧绞盘93牵拉腱81的手背侧部分,1个手心侧小臂内驱动器通过手心侧绞盘90牵拉腱81的手心侧部分,构成拮抗式驱动机构共同牵拉手指关节转动端88;因判断关节运动趋势仅需参见手背侧绞盘93和手心侧绞盘90的运动,附图13中隐去了手背侧小臂内驱动器和手心侧小臂内驱动器;
1)当手背侧小臂内驱动器收紧腱81的手背侧部分,同时手心侧小臂内驱动器释放腱81的手心侧部分,手指关节转动端88向手背侧旋转,即伸展运动;
2)当手背侧小臂内驱动器释放腱81的手背侧部分,同时手心侧小臂内驱动器牵拉腱81的手心侧部分,手指关节转动端88向手心侧旋转,即屈曲运动;
当手背侧小臂内驱动器通过腱81的手背侧部分施加一定牵引力,同时手心侧小臂内驱动器通过腱81的手心侧部分施加一定牵引力,手指关节转动端88处的关节阻尼和关节刚度可通过动态调整两侧牵引力的大小进行控制;动态调整关节阻尼可使手指关节转动端88以平滑或者爆发(如弹手指)的方式运动;动态调整手指关节转动端88的关节刚度,可使其不受外力干扰,或者柔顺地适应外力。
采用腱传动的拮抗式驱动机构为灵巧手的关节阻尼和关节刚度控制提供了基础,使灵巧手能够兼顾操作的柔顺性和抗干扰的鲁棒性。
参见附图13,所述灵巧手的各个关节处安装有关节角度传感器89,测量各个自由度的旋转角度和角速度;
所述灵巧手的全部或部分关节处安装有关节力和力矩传感器87;
所述灵巧手的一至多个腱81安装有腱张力传感器92;
所述灵巧手的一至多个绞盘安装有力矩传感器,测量小臂内驱动器输出轴作用于绞盘的力矩。
所述灵巧手采用腱传动的各个关节的关节座具有腱鞘安装口。
参见附图1、附图2和附图3,所述拇指远指节9、食指远指节12、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节、食指中指节14、中指中指节、无名指中指节、小指中指节、拇指近指节11、食指近指节16、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为采用轻合金制作或者采用轻质非金属材料制作,具有电磁屏蔽层,用于屏蔽内部电路,提高抗电磁干扰能力;
所述拇指单元1、食指单元2、中指单元3、无名指单元4、小指单元5的各指节的长度比例关系模拟人手;
所述拇指远指节9、食指远指节12、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节配置为外侧壁具有锥面并且底面开口的中空构造;外侧壁可以适配指端力传感器或仿生皮肤91;中空的空间容纳指间关节力和力矩传感器22,以及电路和信号线;
所述食指中指节14、中指中指节、无名指中指节和小指中指节配置为中空管的构造;中空的空间容纳指间关节力和力矩传感器22,以及电路和信号线;
所述拇指近指节11、食指近指节16、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为基部具有侧突的中空管的构造;侧突的空间容纳掌指关节回转角度传感器43;中空的空间容纳回转复位装置、指间关节力和力矩传感器22,以及电路和信号线。
参见附图2和附图3和附图4,所述拇指远关节10、食指远关节13、中指远关节、无名指远关节、小指远关节、食指近关节15、中指近关节、无名指近关节和小指近关节分别配置为采用1自由度指间关节通用模组;
所述1自由度指间关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度,由指间关节座17、指间关节转动端18、指间关节屈伸轴19、指间关节屈伸角度传感器20组成;
所述指间关节屈伸轴19具有与指间关节屈伸角度传感器20适配的接口以及与指间关节转动端18锁紧的接口;
所述指间关节座17和指间关节转动端18各有一个安装指节或指间关节力和力矩传感器22的安装接口;
任一个所述指间关节座17的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
指间关节座17直接与指节固联;或,
指间关节座17先与指间关节力和力矩传感器22固联,指间关节力和力矩传感器22再与指节固联,这种方式用于测量1自由度指间关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩;
任一个所述指间关节转动端18的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
指间关节转动端18直接与指节固联;或,
指间关节转动端18先与指间关节力和力矩传感器22固联,指间关节力和力矩传感器22再与指节固联,这种方式用于测量1自由度指间关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩。
参见附图5,所述腕掌基座23具有分别与腕部关节、拇指腕掌关节29、无名指腕掌关节30、小指腕掌关节31、食指掌指节25和中指掌指节26联接的安装接口,配置为掌部单元6的主要承力部件;
所述食指掌指节25和中指掌指节26安装于腕掌基座23,安装时可使二者的主轴线形成0至15度的夹角,模拟人手掌部的曲面;
所述无名指掌指节27的根部有与无名指腕掌关节30形成内收外展自由度的转动副;
所述小指掌指节28的根部有与小指腕掌关节31形成内收外展自由度的转动副;
所述拇指掌指节24的根部与拇指腕掌关节29配合形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副,并且固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮。
参见附图7,所述拇指腕掌关节29具有环转自由度和屈伸兼侧摆自由度;所述拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度为耦合了屈伸和侧摆两个运动的一个自由度,其轴线与拇指掌指关节32侧摆自由度的轴线具有30至60度的夹角,模拟人手在做对掌动作时拇指腕掌关节同时做屈伸和侧摆动作的运动形态,以实现对掌功能;
所述拇指腕掌关节29由拇指腕掌关节座57、拇指腕掌关节转动端58、拇指腕掌关节环转角度传感器60和拇指腕掌关节屈伸侧摆角度传感器59组成;
所述拇指腕掌关节转动端58的一端具有与拇指腕掌关节座57形成环转自由度的转动副的轴并且同轴固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮61,另一端具有与拇指掌指节24形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副的轴并且与拇指腕掌关节屈伸侧摆角度传感器59的转动子固联;拇指腕掌关节屈伸侧摆角度传感器59的固定子与拇指掌指节24固联;
所述拇指腕掌关节转动端58具有腱鞘安装口。
参见附图5,所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83将中指掌指节26与无名指掌指节27柔性联接在一起,可以安装在中指掌指节26与无名指掌指节27之间或安装在中指掌指节26与无名指掌指节27的掌心侧,约束无名指掌指节27的运动范围,并使无名指掌指节27在没有外力作用时保持在原位(即休息位);当无名指掌指节27做屈曲运动时,无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动。
所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件84将无名指掌指节27与小指掌指节28柔性联接在一起,可以安装在无名指掌指节27与小指掌指节28之间或安装在无名指掌指节27与小指掌指节28的掌心侧,约束小指掌指节28的运动范围,并使小指掌指节28在没有外力作用时保持在原位(即休息位);当小指掌指节28做屈曲运动时,小指掌指节挠性约束元件84将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动。
当所述掌部单元(即手掌部)受到小指侧至拇指侧方向的外力时(如握手时),无名指掌指节27和小指掌指节28可同时发生内收运动,并由无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83和小指掌指节挠性约束元件84吸收和缓冲这个外力。
所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件83和小指掌指节挠性约束元件84可以采用柔性材料(如橡胶或硅胶)制作。
参见附图8,所述无名指腕掌关节30具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,由无名指腕掌关节座52、无名指腕掌关节转动端53、无名指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器54、无名指腕掌关节限位销56和无名指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器55组成。
参见附图9,所述小指腕掌关节31具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,由小指腕掌关节座47、小指腕掌关节转动端48、小指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器49、小指腕掌关节限位销51和小指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器50组成。
参见附图4和附图5和附图6,所述拇指掌指关节32、食指掌指关节33、中指掌指关节34、无名指掌指关节35、小指掌指关节36分别配置为采用3自由度掌指关节通用模组。
所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度;可选地,这3个自由度的轴线正交以利于控制与运动规划的计算。
所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组由掌指关节侧摆转动端37、掌指关节侧摆轴40、掌指关节屈伸转动端38、掌指关节屈伸轴39、回转复位装置、掌指关节屈伸角度传感器42、掌指关节侧摆角度传感器41、掌指关节回转角度传感器43、掌指关节腱导向槽94组成。
所述掌指关节侧摆轴40的柱面具有与掌指关节屈伸轴39锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节侧摆角度传感器41的接口;
所述掌指关节屈伸轴39的柱面具有与掌指关节侧摆轴40锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节屈伸角度传感器42的接口;
所述掌指关节屈伸转动端38具有支撑近指节做回转运动并承力的回转关节座97;
所述回转复位装置安装于掌指关节屈伸转动端38的回转关节座97。
所述回转复位装置包括支撑轴44、弹簧卡紧元件45和弹性复位元件46(如复位弹簧);所述支撑轴44固联于掌指关节屈伸转动端38的回转关节座97;所述弹簧卡紧元件45固联于对应手指单元近指节的内壁;所述弹性复位元件46(如复位弹簧)卡在支撑轴44和弹簧卡紧元件45之间,使手指单元在受到外来的扭力时能够发生回转,并且回转的幅度与该扭力成正相关;当外来的扭力消失时,使手指单元回复至原位(即休息位)。
所述回转复位装置具有安装应变片或指间关节力和力矩传感器22的接口,以测量3自由度掌指关节通用模组的一至多维力和力矩;例如,应变片可安装于弹性复位元件46的外表面。
所述掌指关节腱导向槽94固联于掌指关节侧摆转动端37,途径掌指关节的腱81和腱鞘嵌在掌指关节腱导向槽94中滑动;掌指关节腱导向槽94引导腱81和腱鞘的走向,减弱掌指关节在做侧摆运动时对驱动掌指关节屈伸自由度的腱81以及对跨越3自由度掌指关节通用模组的腱鞘的干涉;掌指关节腱导向槽94的侧剖面为半圆型,使腱81在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度(等于掌指关节腱导向槽94内半径)。
参见附图5和附图6,所述拇指掌指节24、食指掌指节25、中指掌指节26、无名指掌指节27、小指掌指节28的掌内驱动器95分别通过齿轮系带动其铰接的掌指关节侧摆转动端37做侧摆运动。
参见附图10,所述腕部关节的侧摆自由度和屈伸自由度的轴线正交,利于控制与运动规划的计算。
所述腕部关节由腕部关节侧摆轴65、腕部关节侧摆转动端63、腕部关节屈伸轴96、腕部关节屈伸转动端64、腕部关节侧摆角度传感器67、腕部关节屈伸角度传感器68和腕部关节腱导向槽66组成。
所述腕部关节侧摆轴65的一端具有同轴从动V型槽轮,中部具有与腕部关节屈伸轴96锁紧配合的缺口,另一端具有与腕部关节侧摆角度传感器67适配的接口。
所述腕部关节屈伸轴96的柱面具有与腕部关节侧摆轴65锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有与腕部关节屈伸角度传感器68适配的接口。
所述腕部关节屈伸转动端64具有与腕掌基座23联接的接口,以及安装关节力和力矩传感器87的接口(以测量腕部的一至多维力和力矩)。
所述腕部关节腱导向槽66固联于腕部关节侧摆转动端63,驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的腱81嵌在腕部关节腱导向槽66中滑动,减弱腕部关节在做侧摆运动时对驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的腱81的干涉;所述腕部关节腱导向槽66的侧剖面为半圆型,使腱81在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度(等于腕部关节腱导向槽66内半径)。
所述腕部支撑架62具有腱鞘安装口、腕部关节座和小臂安装座,用于将腕部关节和小臂模块8联接在一起。
参见附图5和附图6,一种改进的方案为,所述掌内驱动器95配置为采用直线型驱动器,通过连杆机构驱动对应掌指关节侧摆转动端37做侧摆运动。
一种改进的方案为,所述小臂内驱动器配置为采用直线型驱动器,驱动器输出轴与腱81固联。
另一种改进的方案为,所述小臂内驱动器配置为采用旋转型驱动器,而驱动器输出轴并不与绞盘固联,而是通过丝杠机构将小臂内驱动器输出轴的旋转运动转为直线运动;驱动器输出轴与丝杠机构的丝杠固联,丝杠机构的直线运动端与腱81固联。
所述小臂内驱动器若采用旋转型驱动器,可以采用舵机、直流电机或无刷电机等;所述小臂内驱动器若采用直线型驱动器,可以采用人造肌肉、直线电机。
参见附图1、附图5、附图11和附图12,各个小臂内驱动器按照峰值输出力或峰值输出力矩的大小以及驱动对象的不同,分为主要关节驱动器70、辅助关节驱动器71、腕部关节驱动器72;其峰值输出力或峰值输出力矩的大小关系为主要关节驱动器70最小,辅助关节驱动器71居中,腕部关节驱动器72最大。
所述主要关节驱动器70用于驱动拇指远关节10的屈伸自由度、拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度、拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、食指远关节13的屈伸自由度、食指近关节15的屈伸自由度、食指掌指关节33的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节34的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节35的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节36的屈伸自由度。
所述辅助关节驱动器71用于驱动拇指腕掌关节29的环转自由度、无名指腕掌关节30的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节31的屈伸自由度。
所述腕部关节驱动器72用于驱动腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度。
所述小臂模块8中的部分或全部小臂内驱动器采用的布局方式包括下面的一种或任几种:
将多个小臂内驱动器从拇指侧到小指侧方向排为多列安装;和/或,
将多个小臂内驱动器从手侧到肘侧方向排为多排安装;和/或,
将多个小臂内驱动器两两分为一组,每组的一对小臂内驱动器驱动同一个自由度,构成拮抗式驱动;其中,每组小臂内驱动器的安装方式包括:
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向手背侧,另一个输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向拇指侧,另一个输出轴朝向小指侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手背侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向拇指侧;或,将每组的一对小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向小指侧。
可选地,为充分利用小臂模块8内的空间,所述小臂模块8中的部分或全部小臂内驱动器采用如下布局方式:
1)将腕部关节驱动器72置于驱动器收纳仓中最靠近腕部关节的位置;驱动腕部关节侧摆自由度的一组腕部关节驱动器72同向安装,输出轴朝向手背侧;驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的一组腕部关节驱动器72相向安装,输出轴分别朝向手背侧和手心侧;
2)将主要关节驱动器70置于驱动器收纳仓中远离腕部关节的位置;每组主要关节驱动器70相向安装,分为手心向主要关节驱动器和手背向主要关节驱动器,即手心向主要关节驱动器输出轴朝向手心侧,手背向主要关节驱动器输出轴朝向手背侧;
3)将辅助关节驱动器71置于腕部关节驱动器72与主要关节驱动器70之间的位置;每组辅助关节驱动器71相向安装,输出轴分别朝向手背侧和手心侧;
4)将主要关节驱动器70从拇指侧到小指侧排为5列,每列对应1个手指单元,即从拇指侧开始,第1列对应拇指单元1,第2列对应食指单元2,第3列对应中指单元3,第4列对应无名指单元4,第5列对应小指单元5。
每列主要关节驱动器70从手侧到肘侧方向排为3组(共6排),每组包括一对主要关节驱动器70共同驱动该列对应手指单元的1个自由度;即从手侧开始,第1列第1组驱动拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度,第1列第2组驱动拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度,第1列第3组驱动拇指远关节10的屈伸自由度;第2列第1组驱动食指掌指关节33的屈伸自由度,第2列第2组驱动食指近关节15的屈伸自由度,第2列第3组驱动食指远关节13的屈伸自由度;第3列第1组驱动中指掌指关节34的屈伸自由度,第3列第2组驱动中指近关节的屈伸自由度,第3列第3组驱动中指远关节的屈伸自由度;第4列第1组驱动无名指掌指关节35的屈伸自由度,第4列第2组驱动无名指近关节的屈伸自由度,第4列第3组驱动无名指远关节的屈伸自由度;第5列第1组驱动小指掌指关节36的屈伸自由度,第5列第2组驱动小指近关节的屈伸自由度,第5列第3组驱动小指远关节的屈伸自由度。
所述小臂模块中的不同绞盘具有一至多种直径,各个绞盘分别分布在小臂模块的手背侧或手心侧或拇指侧或小指侧,每侧的部分或全部绞盘分为一至多层排列。
可选地,为充分利用小臂模块8内的空间,将大量绞盘集成进小巧的小臂模块8,为各个关节提供合适的运动行程,并且避免大量绞盘和腱81互相干涉,小臂模块8中的部分或全部绞盘采用如下布局:
1)采用4种不同直径的绞盘,按照绞盘的直径由小到大分为I型绞盘80、II型绞盘73、III型绞盘74和IV型绞盘75;
2)所述拇指远关节10的屈伸自由度、食指远关节13的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度配置为采用IV型绞盘75驱动;
3)所述拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度、食指近关节15的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度配置为采用III型绞盘74驱动;
4)所述拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、食指掌指关节33的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节34的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节35的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节36的屈伸自由度配置为采用II型绞盘73驱动;
5)所述拇指腕掌关节29的环转自由度、无名指腕掌关节30的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节31的屈伸自由度、腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度配置为采用I型绞盘80驱动;
6)所述第一列、第三列、第五列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在小臂模块8的手心侧内层;第二列、第四列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在手心侧外层;
7)所述第一列、第三列、第五列的手背向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在小臂模块8的手背侧外层;第二列、第四列的手心向主要关节驱动器的绞盘安装在手背侧内层。
所述驱动器收纳仓由一至多个子收纳仓组成;若所述子收纳仓多于一个,则其互相之间可以是拆开或组装在一起的状态,便于各个子收纳仓独立组装、调试和维护。
参见附图1、附图11和附图12,在本申请的一种实施方式中,所述驱动器收纳仓由前部子收纳仓和后部子收纳仓组成。
所述前部子收纳仓由上侧前部收纳板76、下侧前部收纳板78以及联接件构成,其内部安装有多个辅助关节驱动器71和多个腕部关节驱动器72。
所述上侧前部收纳板76的手背侧外表面和所述下侧前部收纳板78的手心侧外表面敷设各个辅助关节驱动器71和各个腕部关节驱动器72的电源线。
所述后部子收纳仓由上侧后部收纳板77、下侧后部收纳板79以及联接件够成,其内部安装有多个主要关节驱动器70。
所述上侧后部收纳板77的手背侧外表面和所述下侧后部收纳板79的手心侧外表面敷设各个主要关节驱动器70的电源线。
所述前部子收纳仓和后部子收纳仓可以分离或组装在一起,这样前部子收纳仓和后部子收纳仓可以独立组装、调试和维护。
参见附图1、附图11和附图12,所述腱鞘引导座69的手背侧和手心侧各有多个腱鞘安装口,每侧的腱鞘安装口分别排列为一至多层,用于固定腱鞘、引导腱81的走向,使多个腱81和腱鞘能够顺利跨过腕部模块通至手部模块的各个关节,减少相互干涉;所述腱鞘引导座69具有与腕部支撑架62适配的接口以及与小臂模块8适配的接口。
所述灵巧手的一至多个腱鞘分别通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将一端安装在腱鞘引导座69的腱鞘安装口上,并通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将另一端安装在采用腱传动的关节的关节座的腱鞘安装口上。
所述腱鞘固定元件使腱鞘能够容易地从腱鞘引导座69上安装或拆下。
由于腱和腱鞘的数量很多,为了使各个附图清晰直观,仅在附图12中示出了其中一条腱81的一部分,其余腱和腱鞘均已隐去。
参见附图12,腱81在绞盘和腱鞘引导座69之间的部分装有腱联接件82,腱联接件82可断开或联接,从而使腱81便捷地从中间断开或联接;所述腱联接件82的最大外直径小于腱鞘引导座69的腱鞘安装口的内直径,这样腱联接件82可以随着腱81一起从腱鞘安装口穿出;所述腱联接件82可由两个子零件构成并采用螺纹衔接在一起。
所述灵巧手采用了腱鞘固定元件和腱联接件82,使灵巧手的手部模块和腕部模块能够较便捷地与小臂模块8组装在一起或拆下分离,便于生产和维护。
所述拇指远关节10、拇指掌指关节32、食指远关节13、食指近关节15、食指掌指关节33、中指远关节、中指近关节、中指掌指关节34、无名指远关节、无名指近关节、无名指掌指关节35、小指远关节、小指近关节、小指掌指关节36处各安装有1个I型腱鞘约束元件;所述I型腱鞘约束元件可采用柔性材料制成柔性套。
所述腕部关节安装有1个II型腱鞘约束元件;所述II型腱鞘约束元件可采用柔性材料制成内部隔为多层的柔性套。
所述拇指掌指节24、食指掌指节25、中指掌指节26、无名指掌指节27、小指掌指节28分别在其上表面和下表面各安装有1个III型腱鞘约束元件;所述III型腱鞘约束元件可制成内部隔为多层的通管或通槽。
所述食指近指节16、中指近指节、无名指近指节、小指近指节的手背侧和手心侧外表面分别安装有1个IV型腱鞘约束元件;IV型腱鞘约束元件可采用内壁光滑的通管;所述腱鞘可以在IV型腱鞘约束元件中沿轴向滑动。
所述I型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导1至4个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔;
所述II型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导至少5个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许穿过其中的一至多个腱鞘在该II型腱鞘约束元件内部各自发生蜷曲的构造。
所述III型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许一至多个腱鞘在该III型腱鞘约束元件中的部分各自发生蜷曲的构造。
所述IV型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔。
所述灵巧手配置为采用如下的腱传动布局:
1)多个腱81分布于所述灵巧手的手背侧和手心侧,其一端与对应的绞盘固联,其腱鞘的始端分别通过腱鞘固定元件固定于腱鞘引导座69的手背侧和手心侧的腱鞘安装口,腱81从中穿过,向腕部模块7延伸;
2)其中,驱动腕部关节的各个腱81通过腱鞘穿过腕部支撑架62的腱鞘安装口,分别与腕部关节侧摆转动端63、腕部关节屈伸转动端64固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与腕部支撑架62的腱鞘安装口固联;
3)其它腱81及其腱鞘分别从手背侧和手心侧越过腕部关节,由安装于腕部的大关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向和蜷曲空间,继而分别在腕掌基座23的手背侧和手心侧汇拢;
4)分别驱动拇指腕掌关节29的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、无名指腕掌关节30的屈伸自由度和小指腕掌关节31的屈伸自由度的各个腱81通过腱鞘穿过对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口,与对应腕掌关节转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口固联;
5)驱动拇指腕掌关节29环转自由度的腱81固联于拇指掌指节24的V型槽轮,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与拇指腕掌关节转动端58的腱鞘安装口固联;
6)分别驱动各个手指单元及对应掌指关节的腱81及其腱鞘,继续分别从对应手指单元的掌指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,并分别由安装于掌指节手背侧和手心侧的III型腱鞘约束元件分为二至三层以约束走向与蜷曲空间;
7)途径拇指掌指节24的腱81及其腱鞘每侧分为内、外两层;每侧内层的腱81驱动拇指掌指关节32的屈伸自由度并与拇指掌指关节32屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与拇指掌指节24固联;每侧外层的腱81驱动拇指远关节10的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向拇指近指节11延伸,在跨越拇指掌指关节32时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱81固联于拇指远关节10的指间关节转动端18,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于拇指远关节10的指间关节座17;
8)途径食指掌指节25、中指掌指节26、无名指掌指节27、小指掌指节28的腱81及其腱鞘每侧分为内、中、外三层;每侧内层的腱81驱动对应手指单元的掌指关节的屈伸自由度并与掌指关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与对应掌指节固联;每侧中层和外层的腱81分别驱动对应手指单元近关节的屈伸自由度和远关节的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向对应手指单元的近指节延伸,在跨越对应手指单元掌指关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向;
9)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的近关节的屈伸自由度的腱81及其腱鞘继而分别从对应手指单元近指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,这些腱81固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节转动端18,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节座17;
10)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的远关节的屈伸自由度的腱81及其腱鞘在途径对应手指单元近指节时由近指节手背侧和手心侧固联的IV型腱鞘约束元件约束走向并能沿其轴线滑动,在跨越对应手指单元近关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱81固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节转动端18,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节座17。
所述灵巧手的各关节的各自由度轴线位置模仿人手,运动形态接近人手,能够很好地胜任人手能够执行的操作。
参见附图1和附图13,所述手部模块的结构为内骨骼式,外表面有充足空间以包覆具有一定厚度的仿生皮肤91、柔性外套、刚性外壳,保护内部构造以及使灵巧手适合抓握和自动适应复杂曲面物体。所述仿生皮肤91或柔性外套可采用硅胶材料制作。
内骨骼式远指节86的外部具有足够空间可以包覆仿生皮肤91、柔性外套、刚性外壳;所述仿生皮肤91上分布有触觉传感器85以提供触觉反馈,使所述灵巧手适合抓握和自动适应复杂曲面物体;所述触觉传感器85可采用应变材料(如微型应变片)制成;
所述刚性外壳可以是具有一定柔性的或刚性的,可以将所述灵巧手按照各个手指单元的指节、掌部单元6、腕部模块7、小臂模块8分段包覆。
所述仿生皮肤91或柔性外套可以将所述灵巧手整体包覆,或者按照各个手指单元的整体或其各个指节、掌部单元6、腕部模块7、小臂模块8分段包覆。
所述仿生皮肤91、柔性外套、刚性外壳采用具有防水防尘和防止化学侵蚀的材料,其中还可添加电磁屏蔽层,以及具有屏蔽或减弱电离辐射作用的保护层。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,包括:手部模块、腕部模块、小臂模块;
    所述手部模块包括:拇指单元、食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元、掌部单元;
    所述拇指单元由拇指远指节、拇指近指节、拇指远关节组成;
    所述食指单元由食指远指节、食指中指节、食指近指节、食指远关节、食指近关节组成;
    所述中指单元由中指远指节、中指中指节、中指近指节、中指远关节、中指近关节组成;
    所述无名指单元由无名指远指节、无名指中指节、无名指近指节、无名指远关节、无名指近关节组成;
    所述小指单元由小指远指节、小指中指节、小指近指节、小指远关节、小指近关节组成;
    所述掌部单元由腕掌基座、拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节、拇指腕掌关节、无名指腕掌关节、小指腕掌关节、无名指掌指节挠性约束元件、小指掌指节挠性约束元件、拇指掌指关节、食指掌指关节、中指掌指关节、无名指掌指关节、小指掌指关节组成;
    所述腕部模块由腕部关节和腕部支撑架组成;
    所述小臂模块由腱鞘引导座和驱动器收纳仓组成;
    所述拇指单元通过拇指掌指关节铰接于拇指掌指节;
    所述食指单元通过食指掌指关节铰接于食指掌指节;
    所述中指单元通过中指掌指关节铰接于中指掌指节;
    所述无名指单元通过无名指掌指关节铰接于无名指掌指节;
    所述小指单元通过小指掌指关节铰接于小指掌指节;
    所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节分别安装有一个掌内驱动器;
    所述拇指掌指节通过拇指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
    所述食指掌指节固联于腕掌基座;
    所述中指掌指节固联于腕掌基座;
    所述无名指掌指节通过无名指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
    所述小指掌指节通过小指腕掌关节铰接于腕掌基座;
    所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件将中指掌指节与无名指掌指节柔性联接在一起;
    所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件将无名指掌指节与小指掌指节柔性联接在一起;
    所述腕掌基座通过腕部关节铰接于腕部支撑架;
    所述腕部支撑架固联于小臂模块;
    所述腱鞘引导座安装于腕部支撑架与小臂模块相衔接处;
    所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有多个小臂内驱动器;
    所述驱动器收纳仓中安装有驱动器驱动电路;
    各个小臂内驱动器的输出轴分别安装有1个绞盘;
    所述掌内驱动器和小臂内驱动器均配置为旋转型驱动器;
    所述灵巧手具有32个自由度;其中,拇指远关节具有屈伸自由度,拇指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,拇指腕掌关节具有环转自由度和屈伸兼侧摆自由度,食指远关节具有屈伸自由度,食指近关节具有屈伸自由度,食指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,中指远关节具有屈伸自由度,中指近关节具有屈伸自由度,中指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指远关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指近关节具有屈伸自由度,无名指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,无名指腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,小指远关节具有屈伸自由度,小指近关节具有屈伸自由度,小指掌指关节具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,小指腕掌关节具有屈伸自由度和内收外展自由度,腕部关节具有屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度;
    所述拇指掌指关节的回转自由度、食指掌指关节的回转自由度、中指掌指关节的回转自由度、无名指掌指关节的回转自由度、小指掌指关节的回转自由度、无名指腕掌关节的内收外展自由度、小指腕掌关节的内收外展自由度为由外力驱动的被动自由度;
    所述拇指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由拇指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动;
    所述食指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由食指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动;
    所述中指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由中指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动;
    所述无名指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由无名指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动;
    所述小指掌指关节的侧摆自由度由小指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器通过齿轮系驱动;
    所述拇指远关节的屈伸自由度、拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度和环转自由度、食指远关节的屈伸自由度、食指近关节的屈伸自由度、食指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、中指远关节的屈伸自由度、中指近关节的屈伸自由度、中指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指远关节的屈伸自由度、无名指近关节的屈伸自由度、无名指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、小指远关节的屈伸自由度、小指近关节的屈伸自由度、小指掌指关节的屈伸自由度、小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度、腕部关节的屈伸自由度和侧摆自由度分别由包括一对小臂内驱动器并采用腱传动的拮抗式驱动机构驱动,并且这些自由度互相解耦;
    所述灵巧手的一至多个腱包覆有具有保护和引导腱的作用的腱鞘;所述腱鞘由内至外具有一至多层;
    所述腱鞘引导座具有多个腱鞘安装口;
    所述腱鞘的一端与采用腱传动的关节的关节座固定,另一端与腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口固定;
    在所述拮抗式驱动机构中,受控关节的转动端通过腱固定元件与腱上任一点固联,受控关节的受控自由度由一对小臂内驱动器共同驱动;其中,一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱的一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的一个方向的运动趋势,另一个小臂内驱动器通过其输出轴固联的绞盘牵拉腱的另一端,进而牵拉受控关节的转动端使其具有沿着受控自由度的相反方向的运动趋势;这对小臂内驱动器构成拮抗式驱动;
    通过配置构成拮抗式驱动的一对小臂内驱动器的速度和输出力对受控关节的运动、力矩、关节阻尼和关节刚度进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手的各个关节处安装有关节角度传感器,测量各个自由度的旋转角度和角速度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手的全部或部分关节处安装有关节力和力矩传感器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手的一至多个腱安装有腱张力传感器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手的一至多个绞盘安装有力矩传感器,测量小臂内驱动器输出轴作用于绞盘的力矩。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手采用腱传动的各个关节的关节座具有腱鞘安装口。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指远指节、食指远指节、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节、食指中指节、中指中指节、无名指中指节、小指中指节、拇指近指节、食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为采用轻合金制作或者采用轻质非金属材料制作,具有电磁屏蔽层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指单元、食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的各指节的长度比例关系模拟人手。
  9. 根据权利要求1、3或7任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指远指节、食指远指节、中指远指节、无名指远指节、小指远指节配置为外侧壁具有锥面并且底面开口的中空构造;中空的空间容纳关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
  10. 根据权利要求1、3或7任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述食指中指节、中指中指节、无名指中指节和小指中指节配置为中空管的构造;中空的空间容纳关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
  11. 根据权利要求1、2、3或7任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指近指节、食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节和小指近指节配置为基部具有侧突的中空管的构造;侧突的空间容纳掌指关节回转角度传感器;中空的空间容纳回转复位装置、关节力和力矩传感器,以及电路和信号线。
  12. 根据权利要求1、2或3任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指远关节、食指远关节、中指远关节、无名指远关节、小指远关节、食指近关节、中指近关节、无名指近关节和小指近关节分别配置为采用1自由度指间关节通用模组;
    所述1自由度指间关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度,由指间关节座、指间关节转动端、指间关节屈伸轴、指间关节屈伸角度传感器组成;
    所述指间关节屈伸轴具有与指间关节屈伸角度传感器适配的接口以及与指间关节转动端锁紧的接口;
    所述指间关节座和指间关节转动端各有一个用于安装指节或关节力和力矩传感器的安装接口;
    任一个所述指间关节座的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
    指间关节座直接与指节固联;或,
    指间关节座先与关节力和力矩传感器固联,关节力和力矩传感器再与指节固联;
    任一个所述指间关节转动端的安装方式包括下面的任一种:
    指间关节转动端直接与指节固联;或,
    指间关节转动端先与关节力和力矩传感器固联,关节力和力矩传感器再与指节固联。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述食指掌指节和中指掌指节的主轴线配置为形成0至15度的夹角。
  14. 根据权利要求1、2或6任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指掌指节的根部与拇指腕掌关节配合形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副,并且固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮;
    所述拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度为耦合了屈伸和侧摆两个运动的一个自由度,其轴线与拇指掌指关节侧摆自由度的轴线具有30至60度的夹角;
    所述拇指腕掌关节由拇指腕掌关节座、拇指腕掌关节转动端、拇指腕掌关节环转角度传感器和拇指腕掌关节屈伸侧摆角度传感器组成;
    所述拇指腕掌关节转动端的一端与拇指腕掌关节座形成环转自由度的转动副并且同轴固联有用于腱传动的V型槽轮,另一端与拇指掌指节形成屈伸兼侧摆自由度的转动副;
    所述拇指腕掌关节转动端具有腱鞘安装口。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述无名指掌指节挠性约束元件约束无名指掌指节的运动范围,并使无名指掌指节在没有外力作用时保持在原位;当无名指掌指节做屈曲运动时,无名指掌指节挠性约束元件将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动;
    所述小指掌指节挠性约束元件约束小指掌指节的运动范围,并使小指掌指节在没有外力作用时保持在原位;当小指掌指节做屈曲运动时,小指掌指节挠性约束元件将其牵住同时附带发生内收运动;
    当所述掌部单元受到小指侧至拇指侧方向的外力时,无名指掌指节和小指掌指节可同时发生内收运动,并由无名指掌指节挠性约束元件和小指掌指节挠性约束元件吸收和缓冲这个外力。
  16. 根据权利要求1或2所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述无名指腕掌关节由无名指腕掌关节座、无名指腕掌关节转动端、无名指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器和无名指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器组成;
    所述小指腕掌关节由小指腕掌关节座、小指腕掌关节转动端、小指腕掌关节屈伸角度传感器和小指腕掌关节内收外展角度传感器组成。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指掌指关节、食指掌指关节、中指掌指关节、无名指掌指关节、小指掌指关节分别配置为采用3自由度掌指关节通用模组;
    所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组具有屈伸自由度、侧摆自由度和回转自由度,并且这3个自由度的轴线正交;
    所述3自由度掌指关节通用模组由掌指关节侧摆转动端、掌指关节侧摆轴、掌指关节屈伸转动端、掌指关节屈伸轴、回转复位装置、掌指关节屈伸角度传感器、掌指关节侧摆角度传感器、掌指关节回转角度传感器、掌指关节腱导向槽组成;
    所述掌指关节侧摆轴的柱面具有与掌指关节屈伸轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节侧摆角度传感器的接口;
    所述掌指关节屈伸轴的柱面具有与掌指关节侧摆轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有适配掌指关节屈伸角度传感器的接口;
    所述掌指关节屈伸转动端具有支撑近指节做回转运动并承力的回转关节座;
    所述回转复位装置安装于掌指关节屈伸转动端的回转关节座,具有弹性复位元件,使手指单元在受到外来的扭力时做回转运动,并且回转的幅度与该扭力成正相关;当外来的扭力消失时,手指单元回复至原位;
    所述回转复位装置具有安装应变片或关节力和力矩传感器的接口;
    所述掌指关节腱导向槽固联于掌指关节侧摆转动端,途径掌指关节的腱和腱鞘嵌在掌指关节腱导向槽中滑动;掌指关节腱导向槽的侧剖面为半圆型,腱在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节安装的掌内驱动器分别通过齿轮系带动其铰接的掌指关节侧摆转动端做侧摆运动。
  19. 根据权利要求1、2或3任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述腕部关节的侧摆自由度和屈伸自由度的轴线正交;
    所述腕部关节由腕部关节侧摆轴、腕部关节侧摆转动端、腕部关节屈伸轴、腕部关节屈伸转动端、腕部关节侧摆角度传感器、腕部关节屈伸角度传感器和腕部关节腱导向槽组成;
    所述腕部关节侧摆轴的一端具有同轴从动V型槽轮,中部具有与腕部关节屈伸轴锁紧配合的缺口,另一端具有与腕部关节侧摆角度传感器适配的接口;
    所述腕部关节屈伸轴的柱面具有与腕部关节侧摆轴锁紧配合的缺口,其一端具有与腕部关节屈伸角度传感器适配的接口;
    所述腕部关节屈伸转动端具有与腕掌基座联接的接口,以及安装关节力和力矩传感器的接口;
    所述腕部关节腱导向槽固联于腕部关节侧摆转动端,驱动腕部关节屈伸自由度的腱嵌在腕部关节腱导向槽中滑动;所述腕部关节腱导向槽的侧剖面为半圆型,腱在传动过程中保持衡定的传动力臂长度;
    所述腕部支撑架具有腱鞘安装口、腕部关节座和小臂安装座。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,一种改进的方案为,所述掌内驱动器配置为采用直线型驱动器,通过连杆机构驱动对应掌指关节侧摆转动端做侧摆运动。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,一种改进的方案为,所述小臂内驱动器配置为采用直线型驱动器,驱动器输出轴与腱固联。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,另一种改进的方案为,通过丝杠机构将小臂内驱动器输出轴的旋转运动转为直线运动;驱动器输出轴与丝杠机构的丝杠固联,丝杠机构的直线运动端与腱固联。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,小臂模块中的部分或全部小臂内驱动器采用的布局方式包括下面的一种或任几种:
    将多个小臂内驱动器从拇指侧到小指侧方向排为多列安装;和/或,
    将多个小臂内驱动器从手侧到肘侧方向排为多排安装;和/或,
    将多个小臂内驱动器两两分为一组,每组的一对小臂内驱动器驱动同一个自由度,构成拮抗式驱动;其中,每组小臂内驱动器的安装方式包括:
    将每组小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向手背侧,另一个输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
    将每组小臂内驱动器相向安装,一个输出轴朝向拇指侧,另一个输出轴朝向小指侧;或,
    将每组小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手背侧;或,
    将每组小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向手心侧;或,
    将每组小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向拇指侧;或,
    将每组小臂内驱动器同向安装,其输出轴朝向小指侧。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,小臂模块中的不同绞盘具有一至多种直径,各个绞盘分别分布在小臂模块的手背侧或手心侧或拇指侧或小指侧,每侧的部分或全部绞盘分为一至多层排列。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述驱动器收纳仓由一至多个子收纳仓组成;若所述子收纳仓多于一个,则其互相之间为拆开或组装在一起的状态。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述腱鞘引导座的多个腱鞘安装口分别分布在腱鞘引导座的手背侧和手心侧,每侧的腱鞘安装口分别排列为一至多层;所述腱鞘引导座具有与腕部支撑架适配的接口以及与小臂模块适配的接口。
  27. 根据权利要求1、6或26任一项所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手的一至多个腱鞘分别通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将一端安装在腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口上,并通过可拆卸的腱鞘固定元件将另一端安装在采用腱传动的关节的关节座的腱鞘安装口上。
  28. 根据权利要求1或26所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,腱在绞盘和腱鞘引导座之间的部分装有腱联接件,腱联接件可断开或联接,从而使腱从中间断开或联接;所述腱联接件的最大外直径小于腱鞘引导座的腱鞘安装口的内直径。
  29. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述拇指远关节、拇指掌指关节、食指远关节、食指近关节、食指掌指关节、中指远关节、中指近关节、中指掌指关节、无名指远关节、无名指近关节、无名指掌指关节、小指远关节、小指近关节、小指掌指关节处各安装有1个I型腱鞘约束元件;
    所述腕部关节安装有1个II型腱鞘约束元件;
    所述拇指掌指节、食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节分别在其上表面和下表面各安装有1个III型腱鞘约束元件;
    所述食指近指节、中指近指节、无名指近指节、小指近指节的手背侧和手心侧外表面分别安装有1个IV型腱鞘约束元件;
    所述I型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导1至4个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔;
    所述II型腱鞘约束元件为可以弯曲的柔性元件,具有引导至少5个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许穿过其中的一至多个腱鞘在该II型腱鞘约束元件内部各自发生蜷曲的构造;
    所述III型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔,并且具有允许一至多个腱鞘在该III型腱鞘约束元件中的部分各自发生蜷曲的构造;
    所述IV型腱鞘约束元件具有引导一至多个腱鞘沿各自轴向滑动的一至多个引导槽或引导孔。
  30. 根据权利要求1或29所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手配置为采用如下的腱传动布局:
    1)多个腱分布于所述灵巧手的手背侧和手心侧,其一端与对应的绞盘固联,其腱鞘的始端分别通过腱鞘固定元件固定于腱鞘引导座的手背侧和手心侧的腱鞘安装口,腱从中穿过,向腕部模块延伸;
    2)其中,驱动腕部关节的各个腱通过腱鞘穿过腕部支撑架的腱鞘安装口,分别与腕部关节侧摆转动端、腕部关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与腕部支撑架的腱鞘安装口固联;
    3)其它腱及其腱鞘分别从手背侧和手心侧越过腕部关节,由安装于腕部的大关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向和蜷曲空间,继而分别在腕掌基座的手背侧和手心侧汇拢;
    4)分别驱动拇指腕掌关节的屈伸兼侧摆自由度、无名指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度和小指腕掌关节的屈伸自由度的各个腱通过腱鞘穿过对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口,与对应腕掌关节转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与对应腕掌关节座的腱鞘安装口固联;
    5)驱动拇指腕掌关节环转自由度的腱固联于拇指掌指节的V型槽轮,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件与拇指腕掌关节转动端的腱鞘安装口固联;
    6)分别驱动各个手指单元及对应掌指关节的腱及其腱鞘,继续分别从对应手指单元的掌指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,并分别由安装于掌指节手背侧和手心侧的III型腱鞘约束元件分为二至三层以约束走向与蜷曲空间;
    7)途径拇指掌指节的腱及其腱鞘每侧分为内、外两层;每侧内层的腱驱动拇指掌指关节的屈伸自由度并与拇指掌指关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与拇指掌指节固联;每侧外层的腱驱动拇指远关节的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向拇指近指节延伸,在跨越拇指掌指关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱固联于拇指远关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于拇指远关节的指间关节座;
    8)途径食指掌指节、中指掌指节、无名指掌指节、小指掌指节的腱及其腱鞘每侧分为内、中、外三层;每侧内层的腱驱动对应手指单元掌指关节的屈伸自由度并与掌指关节屈伸转动端固联,其腱鞘的末端与对应掌指节固联;每侧中层和外层的腱分别驱动对应手指单元近关节的屈伸自由度和远关节的屈伸自由度,连同其腱鞘继续向对应手指单元的近指节延伸,在跨越对应手指单元掌指关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向;
    9)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的近关节的屈伸自由度的腱及其腱鞘继而分别从对应手指单元近指节的手背侧和手心侧通过,这些腱固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元近关节的指间关节座;
    10)分别驱动食指单元、中指单元、无名指单元、小指单元的远关节的屈伸自由度的腱及其腱鞘在途径对应手指单元近指节时由近指节手背侧和手心侧固联的IV型腱鞘约束元件约束走向并能沿其轴线滑动,在跨越对应手指单元近关节时由小关节处腱鞘挠性约束元件约束走向,这些腱固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节转动端,其腱鞘的末端通过腱鞘固定元件固联于对应手指单元远关节的指间关节座。
  31. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述手部模块的结构为内骨骼式。
  32. 根据权利要求1所述的32自由度仿生柔顺内骨骼灵巧手,其特征在于,所述灵巧手可由仿生皮肤、柔性外套、或刚性外壳包覆;
    所述刚性外壳将所述灵巧手按照各个手指单元的指节、掌部单元、腕部模块、小臂模块分段包覆;
    所述仿生皮肤或柔性外套将所述灵巧手整体包覆,或者按照各个手指单元的整体或其各个指节、掌部单元、腕部模块、小臂模块分段包覆;
    所述仿生皮肤、柔性外套、刚性外壳采用具有防水防尘和防止化学侵蚀的材料,和/或电磁屏蔽层,和/或具有屏蔽或减弱电离辐射作用的保护层。
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