WO2021109327A1 - 一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构 - Google Patents

一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构 Download PDF

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WO2021109327A1
WO2021109327A1 PCT/CN2020/072569 CN2020072569W WO2021109327A1 WO 2021109327 A1 WO2021109327 A1 WO 2021109327A1 CN 2020072569 W CN2020072569 W CN 2020072569W WO 2021109327 A1 WO2021109327 A1 WO 2021109327A1
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flue gas
granulation
air outlet
flow field
uniform flow
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PCT/CN2020/072569
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王树众
李美全
赵军
吴志强
肖照宇
徐宁文
马琛
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西安交通大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature liquid slag waste heat recovery, and specifically relates to a uniform flow field air outlet structure for a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system.
  • China is currently the world's largest steel producer.
  • China's pig iron output was about 771 million tons, accounting for about 60% of the world's total output.
  • blast furnace slag containing huge heat is also produced.
  • the discharge temperature of blast furnace slag is generally between 1400 and 1550°C, and each ton of slag contains (1260 ⁇ 1880) ⁇ 10 3 kJ of sensible heat, which is equivalent to 60 kg of standard coal.
  • Under my country’s existing ironmaking technology for every 1 ton of pig iron produced by-produced 0.3 tons of blast furnace slag, calculated based on the current production of 771 million tons of pig iron in my country, it can be equivalent to more than 231 million tons of blast furnace slag. About 13.879800 tons of standard coal.
  • Dry slag pit cooling method and water flushing slag method are the most common blast furnace slag treatment methods in my country.
  • the dry slag pit method produces a large amount of water vapor when cooling down, and releases a large amount of H 2 S and SO 2 gas at the same time, which corrodes buildings, destroys equipment and deteriorates the working environment.
  • the water flushing slag method wastes a lot of water resources during the treatment process, generates harmful gases such as SO 2 and H 2 S, and cannot effectively recover the high-quality waste heat resources contained in the high-temperature liquid slag.
  • these treatment methods can no longer meet the current urgent needs of energy saving and emission reduction in the steel industry, and the dry centrifugal granulation method is widely favored due to its low energy consumption, small and uniform particle size, and high added value of the product.
  • the liquid slag drops onto the surface of the high-speed rotating granulator, and is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force and friction, and is broken into droplets under the action of surface tension. These tiny liquids The droplet conducts forced convection heat exchange with the heat transfer medium (generally air) in the space, and conducts radiation heat exchange with the surrounding environment, so that the temperature of the small droplet is reduced, and the phase change occurs to form a solidified layer. As the temperature drops further, the droplets gradually transform into small solid particles.
  • dry granulation technology generally has the following problems in the process of liquid slag granulation:
  • the phenomenon of granulated slag particles sticking to the wall is mainly due to the fact that the tangential velocity of the droplets after the slag breaks is very large, and there is still the possibility of hitting the wall in the limited granulation warehouse space.
  • the crushed slag particles are still in a semi-melted state due to insufficient heat exchange medium during the flight, and have not yet formed a solid shell.
  • the slag particles adhered to the wall of the granulation silo will agglomerate, which will seriously affect the heat transfer and greatly reduce the heat recovery efficiency of the entire system and the subsequent utilization of slag particles. Therefore, the problem of anti-sticking of slag particles has always been the difficulty and focus of the design of granulation warehouse.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a uniform flow field air outlet structure for the liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, so as to solve the problem of the current liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation process
  • the granulated slag particles stick to the wall and the flow field of the granulated warehouse is not uniform.
  • a uniform flow field air outlet structure for a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system which is characterized in that it includes a granulation bin.
  • the upper part of the granulation bin is provided with a flue gas ring header, and the flue gas ring header is provided with a collection box.
  • the flue gas generated in the granulation bin is drawn from the flue gas outlet gap and collected in the flue gas annular header, and flows out through the collecting flue. .
  • the flue gas outlet gap is arranged around the top of the granulation bin.
  • a granulator is arranged inside the granulation bin, and the granulator is respectively connected with the heat exchange tube bundle and the air distribution pipe, and a slag dropping pipe is arranged above the granulator.
  • the flue gas outlet gap is arranged around the slagging pipe.
  • the inner wall of the granulation silo is vertically arranged with multiple sets of membrane water-cooled walls, and the side irons between the multiple sets of membrane-type water-cooled pipes are spaced with a number of air outlets of uniform size.
  • the air outlet is arranged obliquely.
  • the inclination angle is 45-90°.
  • the air outlets are arranged at intervals of one or more columns.
  • the collection flue has a tapered structure.
  • the collection flue is arranged on one side of the granulation bin or correspondingly arranged on both sides of the granulation bin.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention provides a uniform flow field air outlet structure for a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system.
  • the opening of flue gas outlet gaps, flue gas annular headers, collecting flues, etc. can make the granulation warehouse evenly distribute the air and optimize the flow field. In turn, the efficiency of waste heat recovery is improved.
  • a flue gas outlet gap is opened around the top of the granulation warehouse, and the flue gas through the gap flows into the flue gas annular header through the granulation warehouse, and finally a collecting flue is opened on the flue gas annular header to uniformly lead out the granulation warehouse Smoke.
  • This is conducive to throttling the flue gas at the gap, reducing the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet flue gas, and finally making the flow field distribution in the granulation chamber uniform.
  • small holes are evenly opened between the side irons of the membrane water-cooled wall.
  • the angle of the small holes is in the range of 45-90°.
  • the number of small holes can be determined freely according to the diameter.
  • Film cooling air can be formed between the water-cooled walls to adjust the size of the slag particles. Flight trajectory to prevent slag particles from sticking to the wall.
  • the number of openings between the water walls is determined according to the size of the air volume and the operating conditions.
  • tapered setting of the flue can speed up the flow rate of the flue gas and prevent dust accumulation in the flue.
  • the arrangement of one side of the flue can save the flue and reduce the cost.
  • the arrangement on both sides can make the flue gas flow field in the header evenly distributed.
  • the structure of the present invention plays a role in preventing the slag sticking to the wall and the flue gas field in the uniform flow granulation bin.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the air outlet structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the air outlet structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of another wind outlet structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the membrane water wall structure.
  • a uniform flow field air outlet structure for a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation system of the present invention including: a granulation warehouse 1, a flue gas annular header 2, a flue gas outlet gap 3, and a collection flue 6 .
  • the granulation bin 1 is provided with a granulator 5, which is connected to the heat exchange tube bundle 7 and the air distribution pipe 8, respectively, a slag dropping pipe 4 is arranged above the granulator 5, and the flue gas annular header 2 is arranged in the granulator.
  • a flue gas outlet gap 3 is provided between the granulation silo 1 and the flue gas annular header 2, and the collecting flue 6 is arranged on the side of the flue gas annular header 2.
  • the smoke generated in the granulation silo 1 The gas is led out from the flue gas outlet gap 3, and then collected in the flue gas annular header 2, and finally flows into the waste heat boiler and other equipment through the collecting flue 6, which has the effect of uniform flow field in the granulation warehouse.
  • the collection flue 6 has a tapered shape, the flue gas is accelerated, and the possibility of dust accumulation in the flue is reduced.
  • the flue material is made of high-temperature resistant materials, which can withstand a temperature of 800°C and prevent high-temperature corrosion of the flue.
  • the collection flue 6 is arranged on one or both sides of the granulation warehouse 1 to further make the air out of the annular flue uniform.
  • the number of openings is flexible and can be applied to a variety of scenarios.
  • the opening of the flue gas outlet gap 3 should comprehensively consider factors such as the pressure in the granulation chamber 1 and the external pressure, as well as the resistance loss along the flue gas outlet gap 3, and should not be too large or too small.
  • the position of the flue gas outlet gap 3 mainly has the following two embodiments:
  • a flue gas outlet gap 3 is opened around the slagging pipe 4 in the center of the granulation warehouse 1, and the flue gas flows into the flue gas annular header 2 through the flue gas outlet gap 3 in the center of the granulation warehouse 1, and finally in the flue gas annular header
  • a collection flue 6 is set up on 2 to draw out the flue gas.
  • the inner wall of the granulation warehouse 1 is vertically arranged with multiple sets of membrane water wall 9 and the side irons 10 between the multiple sets of membrane water wall tubes 9 are spaced with a number of uniformly sized air outlets 11 ,
  • the air outlet 11 is arranged obliquely, and the inclination angle is 45-90°.
  • the angle of inclination can adjust the air outlet direction of the small holes, thereby changing the flight trajectory of the slag particles and preventing the slag particles from sticking to the wall.
  • the number of rows of the air outlet 11 is one or more rows, which can be determined freely according to the diameter of the air outlet 11, and the air outlet 11 can interfere with the flight trajectory of the slag particles and prevent the slag particles from sticking to the wall.

Abstract

一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，包括粒化仓（1），粒化仓（1）的上部设置有烟气环形集箱（2），烟气环形集箱（2）上设置有汇集烟道（6），粒化仓（1）与烟气环形集箱（2）之间设置有烟气出口缝隙（3），粒化仓（1）中产生的烟气由烟气出口缝隙（3）引出并在烟气环形集箱（2）内汇集，通过汇集烟道（6）流出。上述方案可以起到防止渣粘壁、均流粒化仓内烟气流场的作用。

Description

一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构 技术领域
本发明属于高温液态熔渣余热回收技术领域，具体涉及一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构。
背景技术
中国目前是全球最大的钢铁生产国。2018年中国生铁产量约7.71亿吨，约占世界总产量的60％，在冶炼生铁的过程中同时会产生蕴含巨大热量的高炉渣。高炉渣的出炉温度一般在1400～1550℃之间，每吨渣含(1260～1880)×10 3kJ的显热，相当于60kg标准煤。在我国现有的炼铁技术下，每生产1吨生铁副产0.3吨高炉渣，以目前我国生铁产量7.71亿吨进行计算，可折合产生约2.31亿吨以上的高炉渣，其显热量相当于约1387.98万吨标准煤。
干渣坑冷却法和水冲渣法是目前我国最常见的高炉渣处理方法。干渣坑法降温时产生大量水蒸气，同时释放出大量的H 2S和SO 2气体，腐蚀建筑、破坏设备和恶化工作环境。水冲渣法在处理过程浪费大量水资源，产生SO 2和H 2S等有害气体，也不能有效回收高温液态熔渣所含有的高品质余热资源。目前，这些处理方式已不能适应目前钢铁行业节能减排的迫切需求，而干式离心粒化法由于系统能耗低，粒径小且均匀，产品附加值高等特点而受到广泛青睐。
在干式离心粒化过程中，液态熔渣滴落到高速旋转的粒化器表面，在离心力和摩擦力的作用下被甩出，在表面张力的作用下破碎形成液滴，这些微小的液滴与空间中的传热介质(一般为空气)进行强制对流换热，与周围环境进行辐射换热，使小液滴温度降低，进而发生相变，形成凝固层。随着温度进一步降低，液滴逐渐转变成固体小颗粒。目前干式粒化技术在液态熔渣粒化过程中普遍存在以下问题：
1、粒化渣粒粘壁现象，其原因主要是：熔渣破碎后的液滴具有的切向速度很大，在有限 的粒化仓空间内仍有碰壁的可能性。同时破碎后的渣粒由于在飞行过程中与换热介质不充分，外表面温度依然很高，处于半熔融状态，尚未形成坚固的外壳，撞击到壁面后仍有重熔以及凝固的可能性。黏附在粒化仓壁面上的渣粒会结块，严重影响传热，大大降低整个系统的热回收效率和后续的渣粒资源化利用。因此，渣粒的防粘璧问题一直是粒化仓设计的难点与重点关注对象。
2、粒化过程中，粒化仓内的各种冷却风(气淬冷却风、移动床冷却风和粒化仓冷却风等)相互掺混，而且烟气出口的位置往往集中布置在一个或两个，且粒化仓内外压差大，导致粒化仓空间内的流场不均匀，对渣粒的冷却不充分。导致出口热空气品质低下，因而必须对粒化仓空间流场进行改善，提高余热回收效率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，以解决当前液态熔渣干式离心粒化过程中粒化渣粒粘壁、粒化仓空间流场不均匀等问题。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，包括粒化仓，粒化仓的上部设置有烟气环形集箱，烟气环形集箱上设置有汇集烟道，粒化仓与烟气环形集箱之间设置有烟气出口缝隙，粒化仓中产生的烟气由烟气出口缝隙引出并在烟气环形集箱内汇集，通过汇集烟道流出。
具体的，烟气出口缝隙设置在粒化仓的顶部四周。
具体的，粒化仓的内部设置有粒化器，粒化器分别连接换热管束和布风管，粒化器的上方设置有落渣管。
进一步的，烟气出口缝隙设置在落渣管的四周。
具体的，粒化仓的内壁竖直向上布置有多组膜式水冷壁，多组膜式水冷壁管之间的边铁处间隔开设有若干大小均匀的出风孔。
进一步的，出风孔倾斜设置。
更进一步的，倾斜角为45～90°。
进一步的，出风孔按一列或多列间隔设置。
具体的，汇集烟道为渐缩结构。
具体的，汇集烟道设置在粒化仓的一侧或对应设置在粒化仓的两侧。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，开设烟气出口缝隙、烟气环形集箱、汇集烟道等可以使粒化仓布风均匀、优化流场，进而提高余热回收效率。
进一步的，粒化仓顶部四周开设烟气出口缝隙，通过缝隙地烟气通过粒化仓流进烟气环形集箱，并最后在烟气环形集箱上开设汇集烟道从而均匀引出粒化仓的烟气。这样做的有利于烟气在缝隙处节流，减小进出口烟气压差，最终使得粒化仓内的流场分布均匀。
进一步的，通过增大烟气出口缝隙处的局部阻力，起到节流的作用，减小了环形集箱与烟气出口的压差，从而使缝隙出来的烟气比较均匀，进而均匀了粒化仓空间内的流场。
进一步的，膜式水冷壁边铁间均匀开设小孔，小孔倾斜开设角度为范围为45～90°，小孔数量根据直径自由确定可在水冷壁间形成气膜冷却风，调整渣粒的飞行轨迹，防止渣粒粘壁。
进一步的，开设一列制造简便，开设多列制造复杂，但节省材料，根据风量的大小以及以运行工况决定水冷壁间的开孔数量。
进一步的，烟道渐缩设置可以使烟气流速加快，防止烟道积灰。
进一步的，烟道一侧布置可以节约烟道，降低成本。而两侧布置可以使集箱内的烟气流场分布均匀。
综上所述，本发明结构起到防止渣粘壁、均流粒化仓内烟气流场的作用。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明出风结构正视图；
图2为本发明出风结构俯视图；
图3为本发明另一种出风结构正视图；
图4为膜式水冷壁结构示意图。
其中：1.粒化仓；2.烟气环形集箱；3.烟气出口缝隙；4.落渣管；5.粒化器；6.汇集烟道；7.换热管束；8.布风管；9.膜式水冷壁；10.边铁；11.出风孔。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“一侧”、“一端”、“一边”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
请参阅图1，本发明一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，包括：粒化仓 1、烟气环形集箱2、烟气出口缝隙3和汇集烟道6。
粒化仓1的内部设置有粒化器5，粒化器5分别连接换热管束7和布风管8，粒化器5的上方设置有落渣管4，烟气环形集箱2设置在粒化仓1的上部，粒化仓1与烟气环形集箱2之间设置有烟气出口缝隙3，汇集烟道6设置在烟气环形集箱2的侧面，粒化仓1中产生的烟气由烟气出口缝隙3引出，然后在烟气环形集箱2内汇集，最后通过汇集烟道6流入余热锅炉等设备，起到粒化仓内流场均匀的作用。
汇集烟道6为渐缩形状，烟气加速，降低了烟道积灰的可能性，且烟道材料使用耐高温材料，可耐温800℃，防止烟道高温腐蚀。
汇集烟道6设置在粒化仓1的一侧或两侧，进一步使得环形烟道出风均匀，此外开设数量灵活多变，可应用于多种场景。
烟气出口缝隙3的开设应综合考虑粒化仓内1与外部压力、以及烟气出口缝隙3的沿程阻力损失等因素，不宜过大或过小。
烟气出口缝隙3的位置主要有以下两种实施方式：
1、在粒化仓1的顶部四周开设烟气出口缝隙3，烟气通过粒化仓1四周的烟气出口缝隙3流进烟气环形集箱2，最后在烟气环形集箱2上开设汇集烟道6引出烟气。
2、在粒化仓1中心落渣管4四周开设烟气出口缝隙3，烟气通过粒化仓1中心的烟气出口缝隙3流进烟气环形集箱2，最后在烟气环形集箱2上开设汇集烟道6引出烟气。
请参阅图4，粒化仓1的内壁竖直向上布置有多组膜式水冷壁9，多组膜式水冷壁管9之间的边铁10处间隔开设有若干大小均匀的出风孔11，出风孔11倾斜设置，倾斜角为45～90°。
有倾斜角度可以调整小孔的出风方向，从而改变渣粒的飞行轨迹，起到防止渣粒粘璧的作用。
出风孔11的列数为一列或多列，根据出风孔11的直径自由确定，通过出风孔11能够对 渣粒的飞行轨迹进行干扰，防止渣粒粘璧。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，包括粒化仓(1)，粒化仓(1)的上部设置有烟气环形集箱(2)，烟气环形集箱(2)上设置有汇集烟道(6)，粒化仓(1)与烟气环形集箱(2)之间设置有烟气出口缝隙(3)，粒化仓(1)中产生的烟气由烟气出口缝隙(3)引出并在烟气环形集箱(2)内汇集，通过汇集烟道(6)流出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，烟气出口缝隙(3)设置在粒化仓(1)的顶部四周。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，粒化仓(1)的内部设置有粒化器(5)，粒化器(5)分别连接换热管束(7)和布风管(8)，粒化器(5)的上方设置有落渣管(4)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，烟气出口缝隙(3)设置在落渣管(4)的四周。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，粒化仓(1)的内壁竖直向上布置有多组膜式水冷壁(9)，多组膜式水冷壁管(9)之间的边铁(10)处间隔开设有若干大小均匀的出风孔(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，出风孔(11)倾斜设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，倾斜角为45～90°。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，出风孔(11)按一列或多列间隔设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，汇集烟道(6)为渐缩结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的液态熔渣干式离心粒化系统用均匀流场出风结构，其特征在于，汇集烟道(6)设置在粒化仓(1)的一侧或对应设置在粒化仓(1)的两侧。
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