WO2021102771A1 - 低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备 - Google Patents

低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021102771A1
WO2021102771A1 PCT/CN2019/121448 CN2019121448W WO2021102771A1 WO 2021102771 A1 WO2021102771 A1 WO 2021102771A1 CN 2019121448 W CN2019121448 W CN 2019121448W WO 2021102771 A1 WO2021102771 A1 WO 2021102771A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
compressor
controller
current
motor
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/121448
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许明
刘兆雷
曹洁
刘勇
罗运欢
黄丽玲
Original Assignee
Tcl家用电器（合肥）有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/121448 priority Critical patent/WO2021102771A1/zh
Publication of WO2021102771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021102771A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/02—Details of starting control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of household appliances, in particular to a low-power motor starter and refrigeration equipment.
  • the common starter used to realize the above-mentioned functions is the PTC starter.
  • the PTC starter is in a small resistance conduction state at normal temperature.
  • the temperature of the PTC element rises in a short time due to the thermal effect of the current.
  • the resistance value rapidly increases to more than tens of kiloohms
  • the impedance ratio with the starter winding is equivalent to an open circuit, and the current of the starter winding in series with it drops to less than ten milliamperes.
  • the motor starting process is completed and the motor enters normal operation.
  • a low-power motor starter that can improve the power consumption of the starter is not completely reduced is provided.
  • a low-power motor starter including a compressor motor circuit, a current detection circuit and a controller; the compressor motor circuit includes a compressor starting circuit;
  • the current detection circuit is coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit or the compressor starting circuit, and the current detection circuit is used to detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit or the compressor starting circuit ;as well as
  • the current sampling port of the controller is connected to the current detection circuit, and the controller is configured to output a first circuit for shutting off the compressor starting circuit when the current flowing through the current detection circuit is less than a preset target current value.
  • a switch signal is provided.
  • this application also provides a refrigeration device, including:
  • the compressor is arranged in the main body of the equipment
  • the control system is integrated on the device body, and the control system includes the aforementioned low-power motor starter.
  • the above-mentioned low-power motor starters and refrigeration equipment take advantage of the large current difference before and after the compressor motor is successfully started.
  • the current detection circuit is set to detect the current change of the compressor starting circuit or the compressor motor circuit, and the current is changed by the controller.
  • the current detected by the detection circuit is used as a judgment condition for shutting down the compressor starting circuit, which can reduce the standby power consumption of the compressor starting circuit after the compressor motor is successfully started, and avoid excessive waste of electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-power motor starter in an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-power motor starter in another embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-power motor starter in another embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a low-power motor starter in an embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a low-power motor starter in another embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the controller in an embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system in an embodiment
  • Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of a circuit principle of a power module in an embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a temperature collection circuit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a gear setting circuit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 12a is a schematic diagram of a heater driving circuit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 12b is a schematic diagram of the heater driving circuit in another embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an LED display driving circuit in an embodiment
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a detection circuit of a door switch in an embodiment.
  • the common starter is PTC starter.
  • the PTC starter is usually supplemented by a current transformer or a triac output type optocoupler to shut off the start winding of the motor after the start is completed.
  • the PTC will always flow a small current, and there will always be standby power consumption, which is about a few watts.
  • the value does not seem to be very large, the total consumption of the refrigeration equipment for long-term use It is still relatively large, and it also leads to a waste of electrical energy.
  • the electrical part is usually composed of a rotor, a stator composed of a starting winding and a running winding, a PTC, and a running capacitor.
  • PTC is the abbreviation of Positive Temperature Coefficient, which means a positive temperature coefficient, and generally refers to semiconductor materials or components with a large positive temperature coefficient.
  • PTC thermistor referred to as PTC thermistor or thermistor PTC.
  • the PTC resistance will increase rapidly.
  • the circuit where the PTC and the starting winding are located is usually called the starting circuit; the circuit where the operating winding is located is called the operating circuit; the starting circuit and the operating circuit together constitute the motor circuit of the compressor.
  • An overload protector is also set in the circuit of some compressor motor to prevent the circuit from overloading and damaging the compressor motor.
  • the PTC, the overload protector and the starting winding constitute the starting circuit, and the overload protector and the running winding constitute the operating circuit.
  • the low-power motor starter can include a compressor motor circuit 10, a current detection circuit 20, and a controller 30; wherein the compressor motor circuit 10 can be understood as the circuit where the compressor motor (not shown) is located, the compressor
  • the motor circuit 10 may include a compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the compressor starting circuit 110 can be understood as a circuit that drives the compressor motor to start; the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10 or the compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the current detection circuit 20 is used to detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit 10 or the compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the current detection circuit 20 when the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10, the current detection circuit 20 is used to detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit 10; the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to At both ends of the compressor starting circuit 110, the current detection circuit 20 is used to detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the current detection circuit 20 of the present application can be coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10, can also be coupled to both ends of the compressor starting circuit 10, and can also be coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10 and the compressor motor circuit 10 at the same time. It should be noted that in the case where the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10 and the compressor starting circuit 110 at the same time, the compressor motor circuit 10 and the compressor A current detection circuit 20 is provided at both ends of the starting circuit 110; in this application, only the first two cases of the specific settings of the current detection circuit 20 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to the compressor motor The two ends of the circuit 10 and the current detection circuit 20 are coupled to both ends of the compressor starting circuit 110).
  • the current detection circuit 20 detects the magnitude of the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit 10 or the compressor starting circuit 110, which can be self-compression.
  • the motor (not shown) starts to detect when it is energized, which can avoid waste of resources;
  • the current sampling port (not shown) of the controller 30 is connected to the current detection circuit 20 for When the current of the detection circuit 20 is less than the preset target current value, a first switch signal for shutting off the compressor starting circuit 110 is output.
  • the preset target current value of the present application may include a first preset current value and a second preset current value; when the current detection circuit 20 is coupled to both ends of the compressor starting circuit 110, the present application
  • the preset target current value may be the first preset current value, that is to say, the controller 30 detects that the current flowing through the compressor starting circuit 110 is less than the first
  • the first switch signal for turning off the compressor starting circuit 110 is output when the current value is preset; the first preset current value can be understood as the current threshold of the compressor starting circuit 110; when the current is detected
  • the preset target current value of the present application may be the second preset current value, that is, the controller 30 is in the current detection circuit 20.
  • the second preset current value can be understood as The current threshold of the compressor motor circuit 10; optionally, the first preset current value may be less than the second preset current value.
  • the low-power motor starter of the present application may further include a compressor operating circuit 120, which is connected in parallel with the aforementioned compressor starting circuit 110 to form the aforementioned compressor.
  • the compressor motor circuit 10 described. Since the compressor motor circuit 10 is formed by the compressor starting circuit 110 and the compressor operating circuit 120 in parallel, the current of the compressor operating circuit 120 has not changed much since the start of the compressor. Therefore, by detecting the compressor motor circuit 10 The current can also control the compressor starting circuit 110 to be shut off in time after the compressor motor is started, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • the current detection circuit 20 is not shown in FIG. 4, but the current detection circuit 20 is shown.
  • the current detection circuit 20 may include a current detection chip U3, the input end of the current detection chip U3 is coupled to both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10, and the output end is connected to the current sampling port IS CURRENT of the controller 30
  • the current detection chip U3 is used to sample the AC current flowing through the compressor motor circuit 10, and convert the AC current into a corresponding DC voltage output.
  • the current detection chip U3 of the present application can sample the AC current in the compressor motor circuit 10 and output it as a DC voltage; it is understandable that in order to achieve the above function, the current detection chip U3 of the present application is also provided with a preset AC current-DC voltage correspondence table, so that the current detection chip U3 can output the corresponding DC voltage according to the detected AC current.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-power motor starter in another embodiment.
  • the low-power motor starter may also include a first switch circuit 40, and the first switch circuit 40 is electrically connected to the controller 30 and the compressor starting circuit 110, respectively. , Used to turn off the compressor starting circuit 110 according to the first switch signal.
  • the first switching circuit 40 mainly includes a switching device (not shown in FIG. 3), and the switching device may be a triode or a MOS tube; the first switching signal for turning off the compressor starting circuit 110 It can be a low-level signal that turns off the triode or MOS transistor. It can be understood that when different types of triodes or MOS transistors are selected, the first switch signal can also be a high-level signal.
  • the first switch circuit 40 may include a transistor Q2, the base 1 of the transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal COMPSTART of the controller 30, and the collector 3 of the transistor Q2 is connected to the positive pole of the external power supply. 5V, the emitter 2 of the transistor Q2 is connected to the input end of the compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the low power consumption motor starter of the present application is installed in the compressor motor circuit 10
  • the input terminal is also coupled with an overload protector 60 (equivalent to the front end of the compressor motor circuit 10), and the overload protector 60 is used to shut down when the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit 10 exceeds a fourth preset current value.
  • the compressor motor circuit 10 is disconnected.
  • the fourth preset current value may be equal to the second preset current value or not equal to the second preset current value.
  • the first preset current value is selected to be less than the fourth preset current value, but , The fourth preset current value is equal to the second preset current value.
  • the overload protector 60 mainly includes a resistance wire R formed by a bimetallic sheet in series and a normally closed contact. Its working principle is mainly as follows: in general, the contact of the overload protector 60 The point is normally closed. When the current is too large, the bimetal R generates thermal deformation and controls the normally closed contact to open, so that the compressor motor circuit 10 is cut off from the entire circuit, thereby effectively protecting the motor.
  • the low-power motor starter of the present application is also provided with a second switch circuit 50 , Respectively coupled to the controller 30 and the output end of the compressor motor circuit 10, for turning off the compressor motor circuit 10 according to a second switch signal; wherein, the second switch signal is the control
  • the switch 30 outputs a switching signal when the current detected by the current detection circuit 20 is greater than the third preset current value.
  • the first preset current value is less than the third preset current value
  • the second preset current value, the third preset current value, and the fourth preset current value may be equal or not.
  • the current detection circuit 20 of the present application can make the compressor starting circuit 110 shut off after the compressor motor is started based on the difference between the currents before and after the compressor motor is started, which can reduce the power consumption after the motor is started.
  • the current detection chip U3 with a preset AC current-DC voltage correspondence table is used to detect whether the current in the compressor motor circuit 10 is too large, compared to the use of an overload protector 60 to compress For overload protection of the motor circuit 10, the current detection circuit 20 using the current detection chip U3 has a shorter response time, and can respond in time when the current of the compressor motor circuit 10 is too large, combined with the compressor motor circuit
  • the second switch circuit 50 (equivalent to the back end of the compressor motor circuit) and the controller 30 on the output end of 10 can make the low-power motor starter of the present application have an overcurrent protection function at the same time, thereby improving the application Reliability of low-power motor starters.
  • the second switching circuit 50 may also include a switching device (not shown in FIG. 3), the switching device may be a triode or a MOS tube; the second switching signal for turning off the compressor motor circuit 10 It can be a low-level signal that turns off the triode or MOS transistor. It can be understood that when different types of triodes or MOS transistors are selected, the second switch signal can also be a high-level signal.
  • a switching device not shown in FIG. 3
  • the switching device may be a triode or a MOS tube
  • the second switching signal for turning off the compressor motor circuit 10 It can be a low-level signal that turns off the triode or MOS transistor. It can be understood that when different types of triodes or MOS transistors are selected, the second switch signal can also be a high-level signal.
  • the second switch circuit 50 may include a triode Q3 and a triac TR2; the base 1 of the triode Q3 is connected to the output terminal COMP of the controller 30, and the collector 3 of the triode Q3 is connected to the positive pole of the external power supply. +5V, the emitter 2 of the triode Q3 is connected to the gate G of the triac TR2; the first anode of the triac TR2 is connected to the output end of the compressor motor circuit 10.
  • the second anode of the triac TR2 is connected to the AC live wire ACN.
  • the compressor starting circuit 110 in Fig. 4 may include a thermistor PTC, a triac TR1 and a starting winding Lb; wherein one end of the starting winding Lb is connected to an AC zero Line ACL, the other end of the start winding Lb is connected to the thermistor PTC; the other end of the thermistor PTC is connected to the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor TR1; The gate is connected to the output terminal of the first switch circuit 40, and the second anode of the triac TR1 is connected to the AC live wire ACN. It can be understood that a capacitor C1 and a resistor R5 are also connected in parallel between the second anode of the triac TR1 and the AC live wire ACN.
  • the current detection circuit 20 and the second switch circuit 50 of the present application can respond to the overcurrent in time, thereby protecting the motor in time, and ensuring the reliability of the motor.
  • the working principle of this part of the current overcurrent protection can be:
  • the AC current signal collected by the current detection circuit 20 is also relatively large, which is converted into a DC voltage by the current detection chip U3 in the current detection circuit 20 and then output to the controller 30 for control
  • the current sampling port ISCURRENT of the device 30 receives the DC voltage and compares it with the internal preset threshold. If it exceeds the internal preset threshold, the COMP pin outputs a control signal to the transistor Q3 in the second switch circuit 50 to drive the second switch circuit 50.
  • the transistor Q3 in the second switch circuit 50 is turned off.
  • the triac TR2 in the second switch circuit 50 is turned off accordingly, so that the entire compressor motor circuit 10 is powered off and the current flows Stream protection.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a low-power motor starter in another embodiment.
  • the components of the first switch circuit 40 and the second switch circuit 50 in FIG. 5 are different from those in the previous embodiment;
  • the engine starting circuit 110 is the same as in the previous embodiment, except for the numbers.
  • the first switch circuit 40 may also include a transistor Q7 and a relay U4; the base 1 of the transistor Q7 is connected to the output terminal COMPSTART of the controller 30, and the emitter 2 of the transistor Q7 Grounded, the collector 3 of the transistor Q7 is connected to the input terminal 2 of the relay U4, and the output terminal 4 of the relay U4 is connected to the input terminal of the compressor starting circuit 110.
  • the second switch circuit 50 includes a triode Q8, a relay U5 and a triac TR5; the base 1 of the triode Q8 is connected to the output terminal COMP of the controller 30, and the emitter 2 of the triode Q8 is grounded, so The collector 3 of the transistor Q8 is connected to the input terminal 2 of the relay U5, and the output terminal 4 of the relay U5 is connected to the gate of the triac TR5; the first anode of the triac TR5 is connected At the output end of the compressor motor circuit 10, the second anode of the triac TR5 is connected to the AC live wire ACN.
  • the first switch circuit 40 and the second switch circuit 50 in FIG. 5 both have one more relay than the first switch circuit 40 and the second switch circuit 50 in FIG.
  • the low power consumption motor starter can be applied to different power supply sources, which will be embodied in the following embodiments.
  • the low-power motor starter of the present application can not only realize low-power starting of the motor, but also realize current protection in different situations, making it safer and more reliable when applied to specific products.
  • the refrigeration device may be, for example, a refrigerator. Please refer to FIG. 7.
  • the refrigeration device may include an equipment body (not shown), and the equipment body may be understood as a refrigerator box.
  • the control system 3 may include the low-power motor starter described in any of the foregoing embodiments; it can be understood that the description of the low-power motor starter in this specific embodiment can be implemented with reference to the foregoing low-power motor starter. The description in the example will not be repeated here.
  • the compressor is the core of the entire refrigeration equipment. Its main working principle is to suck in low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, compress it into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated gas, and finally discharge it.
  • control system 3 may further include: a power module 310, and the power module 310 is used to provide power to the control system 3.
  • the power supply module 310 may include an isolated power supply or a non-isolated power supply.
  • the power module 310 is a non-isolated power supply.
  • the non-isolated power supply module 310 may include FR1 (current fuse), ZR1 (varistor), and rectifier diode (D1).
  • rectification and filtering and EMC parts constitute a half-wave rectifier circuit, composed of BUCK (buck) chip U1, electrolytic capacitor EC2 , Electrolytic capacitor EC4, electrolytic capacitor EC5, differential mode inductor L2, diodes D3, D4, and resistor R1 form a BUCK rectifier filter circuit to obtain the required power supply voltage +5V.
  • BUCK buck
  • Electrolytic capacitor EC4, electrolytic capacitor EC5, differential mode inductor L2, diodes D3, D4, and resistor R1 form a BUCK rectifier filter circuit to obtain the required power supply voltage +5V.
  • the connection relationship of the various components can be referred to the drawings, which will not be further described here.
  • the use of non-isolated power supply as the power module has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, relatively small size, relatively low cost and easy design.
  • the power supply module 310 is an isolated power supply. Using the isolated power supply module 310 as a power supply module has strong anti-interference ability, easy to achieve buck-boost conversion, and easy implementation. Multiple output, high safety, low power loss to the load caused by abnormal power supply, easy to achieve a wide input voltage range and other advantages.
  • the device body includes at least one refrigerating chamber (not shown in FIG. 7) and at least one freezing chamber (not shown in FIG. 7), and the temperature range in the refrigerating chamber may be 0-10 °, the temperature of the freezing chamber may be between -15° and -24°;
  • the control system 3 may also include a temperature collection circuit 320, which is connected to the controller 30, and the temperature collection circuit 320 is used to collect The temperature of the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber.
  • the temperature collection circuit 320 of the present application may be provided with one or more temperature sensors to collect the temperature of the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber, and then output to the controller 30.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber are adjusted by controlling the compressor to keep the temperature of the two chambers within a preset range.
  • the device body of the present application may also have multiple refrigerating chambers and multiple freezing chambers, wherein the temperature between each refrigerating chamber is different, and the temperature between each freezing chamber is different.
  • FIG. 9, is a schematic diagram of the temperature acquisition circuit 320.
  • the temperature acquisition circuit 320 may include a plurality of sensor interfaces Sensor1, Sensor2, Sensor3, and Sensor4. , R3, R4, and R6 are connected to the temperature sensor in the circuit. On the other hand, it is grounded through resistors R8, R7, R10, R9 and capacitors C4, C5, C2, and C3.
  • the connection relationship of each component can be referred to the attached drawings. Go further.
  • control system 3 may further include a gear setting circuit 330, the gear setting circuit 330 is connected to the controller 30, the gear setting circuit 330 is configured to receive a user's operation of setting a gear of the refrigeration device. Specifically, the user can set the temperature of the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber of the refrigeration equipment according to the actual situation, so that the temperature of the two chambers can match the actual season and ambient temperature.
  • Fig. 10 which is a schematic diagram of the gear setting circuit 330.
  • the gear setting circuit 330 may include two buttons S 1 and S2, capacitors C10 and C12, and resistors R16, R17, R20, and R26; One end of S1 and S2 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the SW1 and SW2 ports of the controller 30 through a resistor R17 and a resistor R26, respectively, to transmit the user's triggering of the buttons S1 and S2 to the controller 30.
  • the controller 30 compresses Machine to adjust the temperature of the refrigeration equipment.
  • the connection relationship of each component can be referred to the attached drawings, which will not be further described here.
  • the control system 3 of the present application is also provided with a gear position display circuit (not shown in FIG. 7), and the gear position display circuit is connected to the controller 30
  • the controller 30 is used to display the color corresponding to the gear position; specifically, the gear position display circuit may include a plurality of light-emitting diodes, that is, after the user adjusts a gear position through the gear position setting circuit 330, The LED corresponding to the gear will be triggered to light up.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the gear display circuit.
  • the gear display circuit can include four light-emitting diodes LED4, LED5, LED6, LED7, and a transistor Q4; wherein the anode of the light-emitting diode LED4 is connected to the controller through a resistor R30 Connect the SEG1 port of 30, the anode of the light-emitting diode LED5 is connected to the SEG2 port of the controller 30 through a resistor R33, the anode of the light-emitting diode LED6 is connected to the SEG3 port of the controller 30 through a resistor R35, and the anode of the light-emitting diode LED6 is connected to the controller through a resistor R37.
  • the SEG4 port of the controller 30 is connected; the cathodes of the light emitting diodes LED4, LED5, LED6, and LED7 are all connected to the collector 3 of the transistor Q4, the base 2 of the transistor Q4 is connected to the COM1 port of the controller 30, and the emitter 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. 5V connection.
  • the connection relationship of the various components can be referred to the drawings, which will not be further described here.
  • the control system 3 of the present application is also provided with a heater drive circuit 340, and the heater drive circuit 340 and the controller 30 is connected, and the heater driving circuit 340 is used to drive a heater (not shown) to heat the refrigerating chamber or the freezing chamber under the control of the controller 30.
  • the controller 30 controlling the heater driving circuit 340 to drive the heater to heat can be done when it is detected that the number of opening and closing of the door of the refrigerating chamber or the freezing chamber reaches a preset number of times, or it can be done when it is detected that all the doors are opened and closed. It is made when the opening time of the door of the refrigerating chamber or the freezing chamber reaches a preset period of time, or it may be automatically made after accumulating the preset period of time.
  • FIG. 12a is a schematic diagram of the heater driving circuit in an embodiment.
  • the driving circuit includes two heaters, heater 1 and heater 2, respectively.
  • the thyristor TR4, the transistor Q6, the thyristor TR3, and the transistor Q5 are connected to the heater1 port and the heater2 port of the controller 30.
  • the two heaters can be placed in different chambers to achieve the heating.
  • the connection relationship of the various components can be referred to the drawings, which will not be further described here.
  • FIG. 12b it is a schematic diagram of the heater driving circuit in another embodiment.
  • the driving circuit includes two heaters, heater 1 and heater 2, two heaters
  • the relay RL1, the transistor Q20, the relay RL2, and the transistor Q21 are respectively connected to the heater1 port and the heater2 port of the controller 30, wherein the two heaters can be respectively placed in different chambers to realize heating of the different chambers.
  • the connection relationship of the various components can be referred to the drawings, which will not be further described here.
  • the control system 3 is also provided with a box door switch detection circuit 350, which is connected to the controller 30, and the box door switch detection circuit 350 is used for To detect whether the door of the refrigerating chamber is opened; the controller 30 outputs an LED driving signal when the door switch detection circuit 350 detects that the door is opened.
  • the box door switch detection circuit 350 of the present application may set a detection sensor at the junction of the box door to collect the switch signal of the box door, and then output the signal to the controller 30. After the controller 30 is processed, the LED drive signal is output. .
  • the box door switch detection circuit 350 may include multiple door switch detection interfaces SWTICH1, 2, 3, 4, and each door switch detection interface SWTICH1 , 2, 3, 4 are connected to the gate switch in the circuit through resistors R19, R21, R22, R23 on the one hand, and grounded through resistors R27, R25, R24, R28 and capacitors C15, C13, C14, and C16 on the other hand.
  • resistors R19, R21, R22, R23 on the one hand
  • resistors R27, R25, R24, R28 and capacitors C15, C13, C14, and C16 on the other hand.
  • control system 3 of the present application is also provided with an LED display drive circuit 360, which is connected to the controller 30, and the LED display drive circuit 360 is used for receiving And respond to the LED drive signal.
  • the LED display driving circuit 360 drives the LED to emit light to illuminate the chamber.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the LED display driving circuit 360 in an embodiment.
  • the LED display driving circuit 360 may include three light-emitting diodes LED1, LED2, and LED3 connected in series, a transistor Q1 and a resistor R15, the base 2 of the transistor Q1 is connected to the LED port of the controller 30, and the emitter 1 is connected to the positive electrode +5V of the power supply.
  • the negative poles of the light-emitting diodes LED1, LED2 and LED3 connected in series are grounded through a resistor R15, and the positive pole is connected to the collector 3 of the transistor Q1.
  • the refrigeration equipment of the present application provides two power sources, and each power source can be provided with three types of low-power starters (set at both ends of the compressor starting circuit 110).
  • a low-power starter with a current detection circuit 20 a low-power starter with a current detection circuit 20 installed at both ends of the compressor motor circuit 10, and a current at each end of the compressor motor circuit 10 and the compressor starting circuit 110
  • this specific embodiment takes the low-power-consumption starter with the current detection circuit 20 as an example.
  • the low-power starter and heater drive circuit in the control system corresponding to its power supply can use the circuits in Figures 4 and 12a; the low-power motor starter in the control system of the corresponding refrigeration equipment
  • the working principle of the device part is:
  • the current collection port of the controller 30 starts to collect current preparation.
  • the COMP and COMPSTART control pins of the controller 30 drive the transistors Q3 and Q2 to turn on, so that the triacs TR1 and TR2 are turned on, thereby starting the single-phase motor, and the current passing through the motor is relatively large when the motor starts.
  • the single-phase motor is started, the current flowing through the thermistor PTC becomes smaller due to heat, and accordingly the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit becomes smaller.
  • the current collection port of the controller 30 collects the smaller current.
  • the COMPSTART control pin of the controller 30 turns off the transistor Q2, so that the thyristor TR1 is turned off, thereby causing the thermistor PTC to be disconnected from the compressor motor circuit 10, and the thermistor PTC after disconnection is not charged.
  • the power consumption on the PTC is zero.
  • the low-power starter and heater drive circuit in the control system corresponding to its power supply can use the circuits in Figures 5 and 12b;
  • the working principle of the low-power motor starter part of the control system of the equipment is:
  • the current collection port of the controller 30 starts to collect current preparation.
  • the COMP and COMPSTART control pins of the controller 30 drive the transistors Q7 and Q8 to turn on, so that the solid state relays U4 and U5 work. After U4 and U5 work, they drive the triacs TR5 and TR6 to work, so that the single-phase motor starts.
  • the current passed is relatively large.
  • the single-phase motor is started, the current flowing through the thermistor PTC becomes smaller due to heat, and accordingly the current flowing through the compressor motor circuit becomes smaller, and the current collection port of the controller 30 collects the smaller current.
  • the COMPSTART control pin of the controller 30 turns off the transistor Q7, so that the solid state relay U4 does not work, so that the thyristor TR6 is disconnected, so that the thermistor PTC is disconnected from the compressor motor circuit, and the thermistor PTC after disconnection Without electricity, the power consumption on the PTC is correspondingly zero.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备。该低功耗电机起动器包括压缩机电机回路(10)，电流检测电路(20)和控制器(30)；所述压缩机电机回路(10)包括压缩机起动回路(110)；所述电流检测电路(20)耦接在压缩机电机回路(10)或压缩机起动回路(110)两端，用于检测流过所述压缩机起动回路(110)的电流大小；以及所述控制器(30)的电流采样端口与所述电流检测电路(20)连接，用于在流经所述电流检测电路(20)的电流小于预设目标电流值时输出一关断所述压缩机起动回路(110)的第一开关信号。

Description

低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备 技术领域
本申请涉及家用电器领域，尤其涉及一种低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备。
背景技术
随着科技的不断发展，人们的生活也跟着发生本质的变化。以家用电器领域来说，不得不提的便是具备制冷功能的制冷设备，作为制冷设备的核心——压缩机，其一般采用单相异步电机，而单相异步电机主要包含有一个运行绕组和一个起动绕组，通电开始时运行绕组和起动绕组都有较大电流通过，当电动机转速增加到接近同步转速以后，起动绕组电流被关断或者被限制在一个较小的值。因此，在这类电动机的起动绕组上常会串联一个开关电路，当电机开始通电时开关电路导通，电机转速增加到接近同步转速后开关电路关断，这样的电路通常称为起动电路，实现这种功能的器件通常称为起动器。
目前常见的用于实现上述功能的起动器为PTC起动器。PTC起动器在常温下处于小阻值导通状态，当起动时因电流的热效应，PTC元件在短时间内温度升高，当达到居里点后，其电阻值迅速增加到几十千欧以上，此时与起动绕组的阻抗比相当于断路，与之串联的起动绕组的电流降至十几毫安以下，这时电机起动过程完成，进入正常运转。但是，只要电机一直在通电，PTC一直会流过较小的电流，一直有待机功耗，大约为几瓦，虽然数值看起来不是很大，但是对于长时间使用制冷设备而言，总的消耗还是比较大的，同时也导致电能的浪费。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种可以改善起动器功耗降低不够彻底的低功耗电机起动器。
一种低功耗电机起动器，包括压缩机电机回路，电流检测电路和控制器；所述压缩机电机回路包括压缩机起动回路；
所述电流检测电路耦接在所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路两 端，所述电流检测电路用于检测流过所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路的电流大小；以及
所述控制器的电流采样端口与所述电流检测电路连接，所述控制器用于在流经所述电流检测电路的电流小于预设目标电流值时输出一关断所述压缩机起动回路的第一开关信号。
基于同样的发明构思，本申请还提供一种制冷设备，包括：
设备本体；
压缩机，设置于所述设备本体内；
控制系统，集成于所述设备本体上，所述控制系统包括前述所述的低功耗电机起动器。
上述低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备，利用压缩机电机起动成功前后电流差异较大的特点，通过设置电流检测电路来检测压缩机起动回路或压缩机电机回路的电流变化，通过控制器将电流检测电路检测的电流大小作为关断压缩机起动回路的判断条件，可降低压缩机起动回路在压缩机电机起动成功后的待机功耗，避免电能的过度浪费。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或示例性技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示例性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的结构示意图；
图2为另一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的结构示意图；
图3为又一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的结构示意图；
图4为一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的电路原理示意图；
图5为另一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的电路原理示意图；
图6为一实施例中的控制器的电路原理示意图；
图7为一实施例中的控制系统的结构示意图；
图8a为一实施例中的电源模块的电路原理示意图；
图8b为一实施例中的电源模块的电路原理示意图；
图9为一实施例中的温度采集电路的原理示意图；
图10为一实施例中的档位设定电路的原理示意图；
图11为一实施例中的档位显示电路的原理示意图；
图12a为一实施例中的加热器驱动电路的原理示意图；
图12b为另一实施例中的加热器驱动电路的原理示意图；
图13为一实施例中的LED显示驱动电路的原理示意图；
图14为一实施例中的箱门开关检测电路的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的可选的实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
目前常见的起动器为PTC起动器。PTC起动器通常会辅以电流互感器或双向可控硅输出型光耦合器来将起动完成后的电机的起动绕组关断。但是，只要电机一直在通电，PTC一直会流过较小的电流，一直有待机功耗，大约为几瓦，虽然数值看起来不是很大，但是对于长时间使用制冷设备而言，总的消耗还是比较大的，同时也导致电能的浪费。
基于此，本申请希望提供一种能够解决上述技术问题的技术方案，其具体内容将通过以下实施例进行描述。
一般来说，制冷设备的压缩机或者其他用途的单相交流电机，电气部分通常由一个转子、起动绕组和运行绕组构成的定子、PTC、运行电容组成。其中，PTC：是Positive Temperature Coefficient的缩写，意思是正的温度系数，泛指正温度系数很大的半导体材料或元器件。通常我们提到的PTC是指正温度系数热敏电阻，简称PTC热敏电阻或热敏电阻PTC，随着通过其电流变大，PTC阻值会迅速升高。
进一步地，为了便于描述和区分，通常将PTC和起动绕组所在的电路称为起动回路；运行绕组所处的回路称为运行回路；起动回路和运行回路一起构成压缩机的电机回路。有的压缩机电机回路中还会设置一个过载保护器， 用以避免电路出现过载进而损坏压缩机电机的情况。相应地，在有过载保护器的情况下，PTC、过载保护器和起动绕组就构成起动回路，过载保护器、运行绕组就构成运行回路。
请一并参阅图1和图2，为本申请所提供的不同实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的结构示意图。该低功耗电机起动器可以包括压缩机电机回路10，电流检测电路20和控制器30；其中，压缩机电机回路10可以理解为压缩机电机(图未示)所处的回路，该压缩机电机回路10可以包括压缩机起动回路110，压缩机起动回路110可以理解为驱动压缩机电机起动的电路；电流检测电路20耦接在压缩机电机回路10或压缩机起动回路110两端，所述电流检测电路20用于检测流过所述压缩机电机回路10或压缩机起动回路110的电流大小。可以理解的是，电流检测电路20耦接在压缩机电机回路10两端时，所述电流检测电路20用于检测流过所述压缩机电机回路10的电流大小；电流检测电路20耦接在压缩机起动回路110两端时，所述电流检测电路20用于检测流过压缩机起动回路110的电流大小。
也即是说，本申请的电流检测电路20既可以耦接在压缩机电机回路10两端，也可以耦接在压缩机起动回路10两端，还可以同时耦接在压缩机电机回路10和压缩机起动回路110两端，需要说明的是，在电流检测电路20同时耦接在压缩机电机回路10和压缩机起动回路110两端情形下，可以分别在设置压缩机电机回路10和压缩机起动回路110的两端各设置一个电流检测电路20；本申请中，只通过图1和图2示出了电流检测电路20具体设置的前两种情况(电流检测电路20耦接在压缩机电机回路10两端和电流检测电路20耦接在压缩机起动回路110两端)，另外，电流检测电路20检测流过所述压缩机电机回路10或压缩机起动回路110的电流大小可以是自压缩机电机(图未示)通电时起开始检测，这样可以避免资源浪费；所述控制器30的电流采样端口(图未示)与所述电流检测电路20连接，用于在流经所述电流检测电路20的电流小于预设目标电流值时输出一关断所述压缩机起动回路110的第一开关信号。
由于压缩机电机自通电开始时会需要较大的电流来保证压缩机电机的正常运行，当压缩机电机转速增加到接近同步转速以后，视为压缩机电机起动成功，此时压缩机电机回路的电流会变小；本申请正是基于电机起动开始和完成前后的电流不同，来控制压缩机起动回路110及时关断，可最大限度地降低压缩机起动回路110在压缩机电机起动成功后的待机功耗 (接近0W)，从而避免电能的过度浪费。
具体地，本申请的预设目标电流值可以包括第一预设电流值和第二预设电流值；当所述电流检测电路20耦接在所述压缩机起动回路110两端时，本申请的预设目标电流值可以为第一预设电流值，也即是说，所述控制器30是在所述电流检测电路20检测流过所述压缩机起动回路110的电流小于所述第一预设电流值时输出的用于关断所述压缩机起动回路110的第一开关信号；该第一预设电流值可以理解为所述压缩机起动回路110的电流阈值；当所述电流检测电路20耦接在所述压缩机电机回路10两端时，本申请的预设目标电流值可以为第二预设电流值，也即是说，所述控制器30是在所述电流检测电路20检测流过所述压缩机电机回路10的电流小于所述第二预设电流值时输出前述关断所述压缩机起动回路110的第一开关信号；该第二预设电流值可以理解为所述压缩机电机回路10的电流阈值；可选地，第一预设电流值可以小于第二预设电流值。
在一个实施例中，可参阅图2，本申请的低功耗电机起动器还可以包括压缩机运行回路120，该压缩机运行回路120与前述所述的压缩机起动回路110并联连接形成前述所述的压缩机电机回路10。由于压缩机电机回路10由压缩机起动回路110和压缩机运行回路120并联形成，而压缩机运行回路120自压缩机起动完成前后的电流大小变化不大，故，通过检测压缩机电机回路10的电流亦可实现控制压缩机起动回路110在压缩机电机起动完成后的及时关断，进而降低功耗。
为了便于理解和说明，本申请以下实施例均以低功耗电机起动器中电流检测电路20检测压缩机电机回路10两端的电流大小为例进行说明。
进一步地，可辅助参阅图4。图4中并未示出电流检测电路20，而示出了电流检测电路20。该电流检测电路20可以包括一电流检测芯片U3，所述电流检测芯片U3的输入端耦接在所述压缩机电机回路10的两端，输出端接所述控制器30的电流采样端口IS CURRENT；所述电流检测芯片U3用于采样流过所述压缩机电机回路10的交流电流，并将所述交流电流转换成对应的直流电压输出。也就是说，本申请的电流检测芯片U3可将压缩机电机回路10中的交流电流采样后以直流电压输出；可以理解，为了实现上述功能，本申请的电流检测芯片U3中还设置有预设的交流电流——直流电压对应表，从而可以使得电流检测芯片U3可以根据检测出来的交流电流来输出对应的直流电压。
更进一步地，可辅助参阅图6，为一实施例中的控制器的电路原理示意图。该控制器30主要包括一个控制芯片U2和相应的外围电路，其中，如图6所示，外围电路中使用的器件可以包括电容C6、C7和C9；电阻R11、R12和电阻R12；晶振X1以及电解电容C8；各器件与控制芯片U2之间的连接关系可以参照附图6，在此不作进一步地赘述。本申请中，控制芯片U2是整个控制器的核心，具备多种控制功能，例如，电流采样、温度采样、LED驱动、加热器驱动、电机驱动等功能，具体的可在后续的实施例中的得以体现，在此不做赘述。
可选地，请参阅图3，为另一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的结构示意图。该低功耗电机起动器除了包括前述所述的结构之外，还可以包括第一开关电路40，所述第一开关电路40分别与所述控制器30和所述压缩机起动回路110电连接，用于根据所述第一开关信号关断压缩机起动回路110。更可选地，所述第一开关电路40中主要包括一开关器件(图3未示)，该开关器件可以为三极管或MOS管；所述使压缩机起动回路110关断的第一开关信号可以为使三极管或MOS管截止的低电平信号，可以理解，当选取不同类型的三极管或MOS管时，该第一开关信号也可以是高电平信号。
可选地，可辅助参阅图4，为一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的电路原理图。图4中，所述第一开关电路40可以包括一三极管Q2，所述三极管Q2的基极1接所述控制器30的输出端COMPSTART，所述三极管Q2的集电极3接外部电源的正极+5V，所述三极管Q2的发射极2与所述压缩机起动回路110的输入端连接。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图3，为了避免输入的电流过大而造成压缩机电机回路10中的器件发生损坏，本申请的低功耗电机起动器在所述压缩机电机回路10的输入端还耦接有过载保护器60(相当于压缩机电机回路10的前端)，该过载保护器60用于在流经所述压缩机电机回路10的电流超过第四预设电流值时关断所述压缩机电机回路10。其中，第四预设电流值可以和第二预设电流值相等，也可以和第二预设电流值不相等，本申请中，选择第一预设电流值小于第四预设电流值，但是，第四预设电流值等于第二预设电流值。
具体地，可辅助参阅图4，该过载保护器60中主要包括一个双金属片串联形成的电阻丝R和一个常闭触点，其工作原理主要为：一般情况下，过载保护器60的触点常闭，当遇上电流过大时，双金属片R产生热形变，控制常 闭触点打开，使得压缩机电机回路10从整个电路中切断，从而可有效保护电机。
但是当电路中的电流过大时，过载保护器60中的双金属片产生热形变需要一定时间，从而不能对电路中的过流现象进行及时的保护，进而对电机的寿命及可靠性产生不好的影响。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图3，为了避免压缩机电机在运行过程中出现电流过大从而损坏压缩机电机的情况，本申请的低功耗电机起动器还设置有第二开关电路50，分别耦接所述控制器30和所述压缩机电机回路10的输出端，用于根据第二开关信号关断所述压缩机电机回路10；其中，所述第二开关信号为所述控制器30在所述电流检测电路20检测的电流大于第三预设电流值时输出的开关信号。本具体实施例中，第一预设电流值小于第三预设电流值，第二预设电流值、第三预设电流值、第四预设电流值三者之间可以相等，也可以不相等，但是，都应当大于第一预设电流值，具体可以根据本领域技术人员的需要进行选择或调整。本申请的电流检测电路20一方面可以基于压缩机电机起动开始和完成前后的电流不同，来使压缩机起动回路110在压缩机电机起动完成后关断，可降低电机起动完成后的功耗，另一方面，由于采用内设有预设的交流电流——直流电压对应表的电流检测芯片U3来检测压缩机电机回路10中的电流是否过大，相比于采用过载保护器60来对压缩机电机回路10进行过载保护而言，采用上述电流检测芯片U3的电流检测电路20的响应时间更短，能够及时在压缩机电机回路10的电流过大时作出反应，结合设置于压缩机电机回路10的输出端上的第二开关电路50(相当于压缩机电机回路的后端)及控制器30，可以使得本申请的低功耗电机起动器同时具有过电流保护功能，从而能够提高本申请低功耗电机起动器的可靠性。
可选地，所述第二开关电路50中也可以包括一开关器件(图3未示)，该开关器件可以为三极管或MOS管；所述使压缩机电机回路10关断的第二开关信号可以为使三极管或MOS管截止的低电平信号，可以理解，当选取不同类型的三极管或MOS管时，该第二开关信号也可以是高电平信号。
更可选地，可辅助参阅图4，为一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的电路原理图。所述第二开关电路50可以包括三极管Q3和双向可控硅TR2；所述三极管Q3的基极1接所述控制器30的输出端COMP，所述三极管Q3的集电极3接外部电源的正极+5V，所述三极管Q3的发射极2与所述双向可控硅 TR2的门极G连接；所述双向可控硅TR2的第一阳极接所述压缩机电机回路10的输出端，所述双向可控硅TR2的第二阳极接交流火线ACN。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图4，图4中的压缩机起动回路110可以包括热敏电阻PTC、双向可控硅TR1和起动绕组Lb；其中，所述起动绕组Lb的一端接交流零线ACL，所述起动绕组Lb另一端与所述热敏电阻PTC连接；所述热敏电阻PTC的另一端与所述双向可控硅TR1的第一阳极连接；所述双向可控硅TR1的门极与所述第一开关电路40的输出端连接，所述双向可控硅TR1的第二阳极接交流火线ACN。可以理解，在双向可控硅TR1的第二阳极与交流火线ACN之间还并联有电容C1和电阻R5。
基于此，本申请的电流检测电路20与第二开关电路50能够及时的对过流作出反应，从而及时的保护电机，使得电机的可靠性得到保障。具体地，结合图4和图6，本部分电流过流保护的工作原理可以为：
当压缩机电机回路10的电流过流时，电流检测电路20相应采集到的交流电流信号也较大，经过电流检测电路20中的电流检测芯片U3转换成直流电压后输出至控制器30，控制器30的电流采样端口IS CURRENT接收该直流电压后与内部预设的阈值进行比较，如若超过内部预设的阈值，则通过COMP脚输出控制信号至第二开关电路50中的三极管Q3，驱动第二开关电路50中的三极管Q3关断，当三极管Q3关断时，第二开关电路50中的双向可控硅TR2相应被关断，从而使得整个压缩机电机回路10断电，起到电流过流保护作用。
请参阅图5，为另一实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的电路原理图，图5中的第一开关电路40、第二开关电路50的组成部件与前述实施例中的不同；压缩机起动回路110与前述实施例中相同，仅是标号不同。
进一步地，图5中，所述第一开关电路40还可以包括三极管Q7和继电器U4；所述三极管Q7的基极1接所述控制器30的输出端COMPSTART，所述三极管Q7的发射极2接地，所述三极管Q7的集电极3接所述继电器U4的输入端2，所述继电器U4的输出端4与所述压缩机起动回路110的输入端连接。所述第二开关电路50包括三极管Q8、继电器U5和双向可控硅TR5；所述三极管Q8的基极1接所述控制器30的输出端COMP，所述三极管Q8的发射极2接地，所述三极管Q8的集电极3接所述继电器U5的输入端2，所述继电器U5的输出端4与所述双向可控硅TR5的门极连接；所述双向可控硅TR5的第一阳极接所述压缩机电机回路10的输出端，所述双向 可控硅TR5的第二阳极接交流火线ACN。也即是说，图5中的第一开关电路40和第二开关电路50均比图4中的第一开关电路40和第二开关电路50多一个继电器，该继电器的使用可以使得本申请的低功耗电机起动器能够适用于不同的供电电源，具体将在后面的实施例中得以体现。
本部分的电流过流保护的工作原理可以参照前述实施例中的有关描述，在此不作进一步地赘述。
综上，本申请的低功耗电机起动器既可以实现电机的低功耗起动，还可以实现不同情况下的电流保护，使得应用至具体的产品时更加安全、可靠。
基于同样的发明构思，本申请还提供一种制冷设备，该制冷设备可例如为冰箱，请参阅图7，该制冷设备可以包括设备本体(图未示)，该设备本体可以理解为冰箱的箱体，压缩机(图未示)及控制系统3；所述压缩机设置于所述设备本体内，具体可设置于所述设备本体的后下方；控制系统3集成于所述设备本体上，所述控制系统3可以包括前述任一实施例所述的低功耗电机起动器；可以理解，对于本具体实施例中的低功耗电机起动器的描述，可以参照前述低功耗电机起动器实施例中的有关描述，在此不作赘述。
具体地，压缩机作为整个制冷设备的核心，其主要的工作原理是：吸入低温、低压的制冷剂，将之压缩成高温、高压的过热气体，最后排出。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图7，所述控制系统3还可以包括：电源模块310，该电源模块310用于为所述控制系统3提供电能。具体地，所述电源模块310可以包括隔离电源或非隔离电源。
可参阅图8a，为一实施例中的电源模块的电路图，该电源模块310为非隔离电源，该非隔离电源模块310可以包括FR1(电流保险丝)、ZR1(压敏电阻)、整流二极管(D1和D2，其中D2是为了改善浪涌雷击)、整流滤波及EMC部分(电解电容EC1、电解电容EC3、差模电感L1)组成半波整流电路，由BUCK(降压)芯片U1、电解电容EC2、电解电容EC4、电解电容EC5、差模电感L2、二极管D3、D4、电阻R1构成BUCK整流滤波电路，从而得到所需的电源电压+5V。各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。采用非隔离电源作为电源模块具有转换效率高、体积比较小、成本比较低和容易设计等优点。
可参阅图8b，为另一实施例中的电源模块的电路图，该电源模块310为隔离电源，采用该隔离电源模块310作为电源模块，具有抗干扰能力强、容易实现升降压转换、容易实现多路输出、安全性较高、电源异常给负载带来 的损耗较小、容易实现很宽的输入电压范围等优点。
进一步地，请继续参阅图7，所述设备本体包括至少一个冷藏腔室(图7未示)和至少一个冷冻腔室(图7未示)，冷藏腔室中的温度范围可以在0～10°，冷冻腔室的温度可以在-15°～-24°；所述控制系统3还可以包括温度采集电路320，该温度采集电路320与所述控制器30连接，温度采集电路320用于采集所述冷藏腔室和所述冷冻腔室的温度。具体地，本申请的温度采集电路320可以设置一个或多个温度传感器来采集所述冷藏腔室和所述冷冻腔室的温度，然后输出至控制器30，经过控制器30的处理后，可通过控制压缩机来调节冷藏腔室和冷冻腔室的温度以使两个腔室的温度保持在预设的范围内。可以理解，本申请的设备本体还可以具有多个冷藏腔室和多个冷冻腔室，其中，每一个冷藏腔室之间的温度不相同，每个冷冻腔室之间的温度不相同。可进一步辅助参阅图9，为温度采集电路320的原理示意图，该温度采集电路320可以包括多个传感器接口Sensor1、Sensor2、Sensor3、Sensor4，各传感器接口Sensor1、Sensor2、Sensor3、Sensor4一方面通过电阻R2、R3、R4和R6与电路中的温度传感器连接，另一方面通过电阻R8、R7、R10、R9和电容C4、C5、C2、C3接地，各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图7，所述控制系统3还可以包括档位设定电路330，所述档位设定电路330与所述控制器30连接，所述档位设定电路330用于接收用户对所述制冷设备的档位设定操作。具体而言，用户可以根据实际的情况对制冷设备的冷藏腔室和冷冻腔室的温度进行设定，从而使得两个腔室的温度可以和实际季节、环境温度相匹配。可进一步辅助参阅图10，为档位设定电路330的原理示意图，该档位设定电路330可以包括两个按键S 1和S2，电容C10、C12，电阻R16、R17、R20、R26；按键S1和S2的一端接地，另一端分别通过电阻R17和电阻R26与控制器30的SW1和SW2端口连接，用于将用户对按键S1和S2的触发情况传输至控制器30，控制器30通过压缩机来调节制冷设备的温度。各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述
进一步地，为了使用户更加清楚且明了的察觉到档位的变化，本申请的控制系统3还设置有档位显示电路(图7未示)，该档位显示电路与所述控制器30连接，所述控制器30用于显示与档位对应的颜色；具体地，该档位显示电路可以包括多个发光二极管，也就是说，当用户通过档位设定电路330调节一个档位后，相应与该档位对应的发光二极管会被触发点亮。可辅助参 阅图11，为档位显示电路的原理示意图，该档位显示电路可以包括四个发光二极管LED4、LED5、LED6、LED7，三极管Q4；其中，发光二极管LED4的正极通过电阻R30与控制器30的SEG1端口连接，发光二极管LED5的正极通过电阻R33与控制器30的SEG2端口连接，发光二极管LED6的正极通过电阻R35与控制器30的SEG3端口连接，发光二极管LED6的正极通过电阻R37与控制器30的SEG4端口连接；发光二极管LED4、LED5、LED6、LED7的负极均与三极管Q4的集电极3连接，三极管Q4的基极2与控制器30的COM1端口连接，发射极1与电源正极+5V连接。各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。
在一个实施例中，考虑到一般的制冷设备会随着时间的积累，在冷藏腔室和冷冻腔室形成一层厚厚的冰层，这样不仅会影响用户的体验，还会减少腔室的可使用面积，并且，对于冰层的去除也比较麻烦，基于此，请继续参阅图7，本申请的控制系统3还设置有加热器驱动电路340，该加热器驱动电路340与所述控制器30连接，该加热器驱动电路340用于在所述控制器30的控制下驱动加热器(图未示)为所述冷藏腔室或所述冷冻腔室进行加热。其中，控制器30控制加热器驱动电路340驱加热器加热可以是在检测到所述冷藏腔室或所述冷冻腔室的箱门开关次数达到预设次数时作出，也可以是在检测到所述冷藏腔室或所述冷冻腔室的箱门开启时间达到预设时长时作出，还可以是在累积预设时长后自动作出。
进一步地，可辅助参阅图12a，为一实施例中的加热器驱动电路的原理示意图，该驱动电路中包括了两个加热器，分别是加热器1和加热器2，两个加热器分别通过可控硅TR4、三极管Q6和可控硅TR3、三极管Q5与控制器30的heater1端口和heater2端口连接，其中，两个加热器可以分别置于不同的腔室中，以实现对不同腔室的加热。各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。
更进一步地，可辅助参阅图12b，为另一实施例中的加热器驱动电路的原理示意图，该驱动电路中包括了两个加热器，分别是加热器1和加热器2，两个加热器分别通过继电器RL1、三极管Q20和继电器RL2、三极管Q21与控制器30的heater1端口和heater2端口连接，其中，两个加热器可以分别置于不同的腔室中，以实现对不同腔室的加热。各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。
在一个实施例中，请继续参阅图7，所述控制系统3还设置有箱门开关 检测电路350，该箱门开关检测电路350与所述控制器30连接，该箱门开关检测电路350用于检测所述冷藏腔室的箱门是否被打开；所述控制器30在所述箱门开关检测电路350检测到箱门被打开时输出LED驱动信号。具体地，本申请的箱门开关检测电路350可以在箱门的连接处设置一个检测传感器来采集箱门的开关信号，然后输出至控制器30，经过控制器30的处理后，输出LED驱动信号。
可辅助参阅图14，为一实施例中的箱门开关检测电路的原理示意图，该箱门开关检测电路350可以包括多个门开关检测接口SWTICH1、2、3、4，各门开关检测接口SWTICH1、2、3、4一方面通过电阻R19、R21、R22、R23与电路中的门开关连接，另一方面通过电阻R27、R25、R24、R28和电容C15、C13、C14、C16接地，各部件的连接关系可参照附图，在此不作进一步赘述。
进一步地，为了方便用户取用物品，本申请的所述控制系统3还设置有LED显示驱动电路360，该LED显示驱动电路360与所述控制器30连接，该LED显示驱动电路360用于接收并响应所述LED驱动信号。也即是说，当前述的箱门开关检测电路检测到箱门(主要是冷藏腔室)打开时，LED显示驱动电路360就驱动LED发光，以照亮腔室。
可辅助参阅图13，为一实施例中的LED显示驱动电路360的原理示意图。该LED显示驱动电路360可以包括三个串联的发光二极管LED1、LED2和LED3，三极管Q1和电阻R15，三极管Q1的基极2接控制器30的LED端口，发射极1接电源正极+5V，三个串联的发光二极管LED1、LED2和LED3的负极通过电阻R15接地，正极接三极管Q1的集电极3。
综上，结合前述各实施例可以获知，本申请的制冷设备分别提供了两种电源，而每一种电源下又可以设置了三种低功耗起动器(在压缩机起动回路110两端设置电流检测电路20的低功耗起动器、在压缩机电机回路10两端设置电流检测电路20的低功耗起动器、同时在压缩机电机回路10和压缩机起动回路110两端各设置一个电流检测电路20的低功耗起动器)和加热器驱动电路，具体地，本具体实施例以具有电流检测电路20的低功耗起动器为例，以当本申请的制冷设备采用非隔离电源(如图8a所示)时，相应其供电的控制系统中的低功耗起动器和加热器驱动电路可以采用图4和图12a中的电路；相应该制冷设备的控制系统中低功耗电机起动器部分的工作原理为：
当制冷设备使用非隔离电源(如图8a所示)供电时，工作过程如下：
制冷设备通电时，控制器30的电流采集端口开始采集电流准备。控制器 30的COMP、COMPSTART控制脚驱动三极管Q3和Q2导通，从而使得双向可控硅TR1和TR2导通，进而使得单相电机起动，电机起动时通过的电流较大。当单相电机起动完成后热敏电阻PTC由于发热导致流过的电流变小，相应使得流过压缩机电机回路中的电流变小，控制器30的电流采集端口采集到变小的电流，此时，控制器30的COMPSTART控制脚关断三极管Q2，从而使得可控硅TR1关断，进而使得热敏电阻PTC从压缩机电机电路10中断开，断开后的热敏电阻PTC不带电，相应使得PTC上的功耗为零。
当本申请的制冷设备采用隔离电源(如图8b所示)时，相应其供电的控制系统中的低功耗起动器和加热器驱动电路可以采用图5和图12b中的电路；相应该制冷设备的控制系统中低功耗电机起动器部分的工作原理为：
当制冷设备使用隔离电源(如图8b所示)供电时，工作过程如下：
制冷设备通电时，控制器30的电流采集端口开始采集电流准备。控制器30的COMP、COMPSTART控制脚驱动三极管Q7和Q8导通，使得固态继电器U4和U5工作，U4和U5工作后驱动双向可控硅TR5、TR6工作，从而使得单相电机起动，电机起动时通过的电流较大。当单相电机起动完成后，热敏电阻PTC由于发热导致流过的电流变小，相应使得流过压缩机电机回路中的电流变小，控制器30的电流采集端口采集到变小的电流，控制器30的COMPSTART控制脚关断三极管Q7，使得固态继电器U4不工作，从而使得可控硅TR6断开，使得热敏电阻PTC从压缩机电机电路中断开，断开后的热敏电阻PTC不带电，相应使得PTC上的功耗为零。
尽管未示出，本申请的制冷设备还可以包括制冷所需的其他部件，例如冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管节流器等部件，对于这些部件的具体连接方式、工作原理等可参照传统技术中的有关描述，在此不做进一步地赘述。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种低功耗电机起动器，包括压缩机电机回路，电流检测电路和控制器；所述压缩机电机回路包括压缩机起动回路；
    所述电流检测电路耦接在所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路两端，所述电流检测电路用于检测流过所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路的电流大小；以及
    所述控制器的电流采样端口与所述电流检测电路连接，所述控制器用于在流经所述电流检测电路的电流小于预设目标电流值时输出一关断所述压缩机起动回路的第一开关信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述预设目标电流值包括第一预设电流值和第二预设电流值；
    当所述电流检测电路耦接在所述压缩机电机回路两端时，所述预设目标电流值为第一预设电流值；
    当所述电流检测电路耦接在所述压缩机起动回路两端时，所述预设目标电流值为第二预设电流值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，还包括第一开关电路；
    所述第一开关电路分别与所述控制器和所述压缩机起动回路电连接，所述第一开关电路用于根据所述第一开关信号关断所述压缩机起动回路。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，还包括第二开关电路；
    所述第二开关电路分别耦接所述控制器和所述压缩机电机回路的输出端，所述第二开关电路用于根据第二开关信号关断所述压缩机电机回路；
    其中，所述第二开关信号为所述控制器在所述电流检测电路检测的流过所述压缩机电机两端的电流大于第三预设电流值时输出的开关信号。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，还包括过载保护器；
    所述过载保护器耦接在所述压缩机电机回路的输入端，所述过载保护器用于在流经所述压缩机电机回路的电流大于第四预设电流值时关断所述压缩机电机回路。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述第一开关电路包括三极管Q2，所述三极管Q2的基极接所述控制器的输出端，所述三极管Q2的集电极接外部电源的正极，所述三极管Q2的发射极与所述压缩机起动 回路的输入端连接。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述第一开关电路包括三极管Q7和继电器U4；所述三极管Q7的基极接所述控制器的输出端，所述三极管Q7的发射极接地，所述三极管Q7的集电极接所述继电器U4的输入端，所述继电器U4的输出端与所述压缩机起动回路的输入端连接。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述第二开关电路包括三极管Q3和双向可控硅TR2；所述三极管Q3的基极接所述控制器的输出端，所述三极管Q3的集电极接外部电源的正极，所述三极管Q3的发射极与所述双向可控硅TR2的门极连接；所述双向可控硅TR2的第一阳极接所述压缩机电机回路的输出端，所述双向可控硅TR2的第二阳极接交流火线。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述第二开关电路包括三极管Q8、继电器U5和双向可控硅TR5；所述三极管Q8的基极接所述控制器的输出端，所述三极管Q8的发射极接地，所述三极管Q8的集电极接所述继电器U5的输入端，所述继电器U5的输出端与所述双向可控硅TR5的门极连接；所述双向可控硅TR5的第一阳极接所述压缩机电机回路的输出端，所述双向可控硅TR5的第二阳极接交流火线。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述电流检测电路包括一电流检测芯片，所述电流检测芯片的输入端耦接在所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路的两端，输出端接所述控制器的电流采样端口；所述电流检测芯片用于采样流过所述压缩机电机回路或所述压缩机起动回路的交流电流，并将所述交流电流转换成对应的直流电压输出。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的低功耗电机起动器，其中，所述压缩机起动回路包括热敏电阻、双向可控硅和起动绕组；所述起动绕组的一端接交流零线，所述起动绕组的另一端与所述热敏电阻连接；所述热敏电阻的另一端与所述双向可控硅的第一阳极连接；所述双向可控硅的门极与所述第一开关电路的输出端连接，所述双向可控硅的第二阳极接交流火线。
  12. 一种制冷设备，包括：
    设备本体；
    压缩机，设置于所述设备本体内；以及
    控制系统，集成于所述设备本体上，所述控制系统包括如权利要求1-12任一项所述的低功耗电机起动器。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括：
    电源模块，用于为所述控制系统提供电能。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制冷设备，其中，所述电源模块包括隔离电源或非隔离电源。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的制冷设备，其中，所述设备本体包括至少一个冷藏腔室和至少一个冷冻腔室；所述控制系统还包括温度采集电路；
    所述温度采集电路与所述控制器连接，所述温度采集电路用于采集所述冷藏腔室和所述冷冻腔室的温度。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括档位设定电路；
    所述档位设定电路与所述控制器连接，所述档位设定电路用于接收用户对所述制冷设备的档位设定操作。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括档位显示电路；
    所述档位显示电路与所述控制器连接，所述档位显示电路用于显示与档位对应的颜色。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括加热器驱动电路；
    所述加热器驱动电路与所述控制器连接，所述加热器驱动电路用于在所述控制器的控制下驱动加热器为所述冷藏腔室或所述冷冻腔室进行加热。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括箱门开关检测电路；
    所述箱门开关检测电路与所述控制器连接，所述箱门开关检测电路用于检测所述冷藏腔室的箱门是否被打开；
    所述控制器在所述箱门开关检测电路检测到箱门被打开时输出LED驱动信号。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的制冷设备，其中，所述控制系统还包括LED显示驱动电路；
    所述LED显示驱动电路与所述控制器连接，所述LED显示驱动电路用于接收并响应所述LED驱动信号。
PCT/CN2019/121448 2019-11-28 2019-11-28 低功耗电机起动器及制冷设备 WO2021102771A1 (zh)

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