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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/658—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients o-phenolic cannabinoids, e.g. cannabidiol, cannabigerolic acid, cannabichromene or tetrahydrocannabinol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/001—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by modification in a side chain
  • C07C37/002—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by modification in a side chain by transformation of a functional group, e.g. oxo, carboxyl
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/01—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C37/68—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
  • C07C37/70—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
  • C07C37/82—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C39/02—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring monocyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
  • C07C39/08—Dihydroxy benzenes; Alkylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C39/23—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a cannabidiol (CBD) type cannabinoid compound for use as a medicament.
• CBD cannabidiol
• CBD-type cannabinoid, 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV)
• CBDV 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin
• the cannabinoid can be produced by synthetic means.
• Cannabinoids are natural and synthetic compounds structurally or pharmacologically related to the constituents of the cannabis plant or to the endogenous agonists (endocannabinoids) of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 or CB2.
• the only way in nature in which these compounds are produced is by the cannabis plant.
• Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae, comprising the species Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis (sometimes considered as part of Cannabis sativa).
• Cannabis plants comprise a highly complex mixture of compounds. At least 568 unique molecules have been identified. Among these compounds are cannabinoids, terpenoids, sugars, fatty acids, flavonoids, other hydrocarbons, nitrogenous compounds, and amino acids.
• Cannabinoids exert their physiological effects through a variety of receptors including, but not limited to, adrenergic receptors, cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), GPR55, GPR3, or GPR5.
• the principle cannabinoids present in cannabis plants are cannabinoid acids A9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A9-THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) with small amounts of their respective neutral (decarboxylated) cannabinoids.
• cannabis may contain lower levels of other minor cannabinoids. “Chemical composition, pharmacological profiling, and complete physiological effects of these medicinal plants, and more importantly the extracts from cannabis, remain to be fully understood.” Lewis, M. M. et al., ACS Omega, 2, 6091-6103 (2017).
• the present invention encompasses the surprising discovery that a metabolite of CBDV has therapeutic efficacy.
• This compound, 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV) can be produced synthetically and may be used in a purified form.
• Cannabinoids are a class of compounds which many of which can be derived naturally from the cannabis plant or produced synthetically via chemical synthesis.
• cannabinoids produced by cannabis can be split into different groups as follows: phytocannabinoids; endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids (which may be novel cannabinoids or synthetically produced versions of phytocannabinoids or endocannabinoids).
• Phytocannabinoids are cannabinoids that originate from nature and can be found in the cannabis plant. Phytocannabinoids can be isolated from plants to produce a highly purified extract. Phytocannabinoids may be obtained as either the neutral (decarboxylated form) or the carboxylic acid form depending on the method used to extract the cannabinoids from plant material. For example, it is known that heating the carboxylic acid form will cause most of the carboxylic acid form to decarboxylate into the neutral form. Phytocannabinoids can only be produced from plants, however versions of phytocannabinoids may be produced synthetically via chemical synthesis.
• Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system.
• the endocannabinoid system is involved in regulating a variety of physiological and cognitive processes including fertility, pregnancy, during pre- and postnatal development, appetite, pain- sensation, mood, and memory, and in mediating the pharmacological effects of cannabis.
• Synthetic cannabinoids are compounds that have a cannabinoid-like structure and are manufactured using chemical means rather than by the plant.
• Cannabidiol is a major cannabinoid constituent of Cannabis species, such as the hemp plant ( Cannabis sativa). Unlike other cannabinoids, such as THC, cannabidiol does not bind CB1 or CB2, or its binding to the receptors is negligible in terms of inducing a pharmacological effect. Thus, cannabidiol does not cause the central or peripheral nervous system effects mediated by the CB1 or CB2 receptors. CBD has little or no psychotropic (cannabimimetic) activity and its molecular structure and properties are substantially different from those of other cannabinoids.
• CBD and CBDV administration have been the subject of research in an attempt to provide an alternative treatment for various diseases and disorders which may respond to such treatment.
• CBDV CBDV-derived neuropeptide
• CBD hydroxylated 7-carboxy derivatives of CBD which include: 2”-OH-7-COOOH,3”,4”,5”-trinor CBD; CBD-glucuronide; 4”-OH-7-COOH CBD; 2”-OH-7-COOH CBD; 10-OH-7-COOH CBD; 3”-OH-7-COOH CBD; 7-OH-3”-COOH,4”,5”- dinor CBD; 7-COOH-8,9-dihydro-8,9-diOH CBD; T’-OH-7-COOH CBD; 6-OH-42-COOH,5”-nor CBD; 6-OH-3”-COOH,4”,5”-dinor CBD; 7-COOH CBD; 7-OH-4”-COOH,5”-nor CBD; 4”- COOH,5”-nor CBD; 7-OH CBD; 8,9-dihydro-7,8,9-triOH CBD; cannabinol; 3”-COOH,4”,5”-dinor CBD;
• THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
• CB1 and CB2 receptors Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Synthetic THC or dronabinol is approved for the treatment of loss of appetite in AIDS patients and nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy.
• CBD-type compounds Of the over 100 natural cannabinoids identified in Cannabis sativa, seven have been classified as CBD-type compounds, these cannabinoids have the same absolute configuration as CBD. These are: CBD, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannabidivarin acid (CBDV A), Cannabidiol-C1 (CBD-C1), Cannabidiol-C4 (CBD-C4), Cannabidiol-C6 (CBD- C6) and Cannabidiol monomethyl ether (CBDM).
• CBD Cannabidiolic acid
• CBD Cannabidiolic acid
• CBD Cannabidiolic acid
• CBD Cannabidivarin
• CBDDV A Cannabidivarin acid
• CBD-C1 CBD-C1
• CBD-C4 Cannabidiol-C4
• CBD-C6 Cannabidiol-C6
• CBD- C6 Canna
• CBDV Cannabidivarin
• CBD-C1 cannabidiorcol
• CBD-C1 also known as cannabidiorcol is a homolog of CBD, with the sidechain shortened by four methylene bridges. CBD-C1 occurs naturally in plants producing CBD but has not been shown to have any therapeutic effects.
• CBD-C4 also known as nor-cannabidiol is a homolog of CBD, with the sidechain shortened by one methylene bridge. CBD-C4 occurs naturally in plants producing CBD and prior to the present invention has not been shown to have any therapeutic effects.
• CBD-C6 is a homolog of CBD, with the sidechain increased by one methylene bridge. CBD-C6 may occur naturally in plants producing CBD and prior to the present invention has not been shown to have any therapeutic effects.
• the present invention demonstrates data for the first time to indicate that the compound 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin may have therapeutic benefit.
• 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV) for use as a medicament.
• the 6-OH CBDV is present as a synthetic compound.
• the 6- OH CBDV is present as a pure and isolated compound.
• the dose of 6-OH CBDV is greater than 100 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is greater than 250 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH
• CBDV is greater than 500 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is greater than 750 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is greater than 1000 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is greater than 1500 mg/kg/day.
• the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 100 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 50 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 20 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 10 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 5 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 1 mg/kg/day. More preferably the dose of 6-OH CBDV is less than 0.5 mg/kg/day. [0034] In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition for use as a medicament comprising 6-hydroxy cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV), and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• a 6- hydroxy cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV) for use in the treatment of epilepsy.
• the epilepsy is treated in a mammal. More preferably the mammal is a human. Alternatively, the mammal is a dog.
• Figure 1 shows the effect of 6-OH CBDV in the MEST test in mouse.
• EXAMPLE 1 SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION METHOD FOR ALPHA 6-HYDROXY CANNABIDIVARIN (6-OH CBDV)
• CBDV is a metabolite of cannabidiol.
• CBDV (5.00 g, 17.5 mmol) in anhydrous pyridine (20 mL) was added acetic anhydride (5.63 g, 5.20 mL, 55.2 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 4 h.
• Dichloromethane 300 mL was added and the solution was washed with water (200 ml), 1M hydrochloric acid (200 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), dried (MgS04) and concentrated to give CBDV diacetate (6.84 g, quantitative), as a yellow oil which was used without further purification.
• CBDV diacetate (4.00 g, 10.8 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (9 mL) and acetic anhydride (4.96 g, 4.59 mL, 48.6 mmol) was added sodium dichromate (3.86 g, 13.0 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 days. The resulting solution was diluted with water (150 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (2 c 150 mL).
• Rf 0.36 (ethyl acetate - petrol, 1 : 4 v/v)
• the resultant material was confirmed to be alpha 6-hydroxy-cannabidivarin (6-OH CBDV).
• the compound is a yellow glassy semi-solid material with the chemical formula C19H26O3 and a molecular weight of 302.4 g/mol.
• 6-OH CBDV was stored at -20°C and protected from light until required for testing.
• EXAMPLE 2 EVALUATION OF 6-HYDROXY CANNABIDIVARIN (6-OH CBDV) FOR ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY USING THE SUPRAMAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK SEIZURE (MES) TEST IN THE MOUSE
• MES supramaximal electroshock seizure
• the MES test is a very stringent model in which mice receive a predetermined high- level electrical stimulus of sufficient intensity to reliably produce tonic hindlimb extensor seizures in 100% of control animals. As such the MES test is a rigorous evaluation of anticonvulsant activity (Swinyard, 1985).
• mice were acclimatised to the procedure room in their home cages, with food and water available ad libitum.
• the vehicle (10ml/kg i.p. 60 min pre-treatment time) was 1:1:18 vehicle 5% ethanol, 5% kolliphor EL, 90% saline.
• test compound alpha 6-OH CBDV was prepared according to the method described in Example 1.
• test compound 6-OH CBDV was administered at doses of 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg given at 10ml/kg i.p. 60min pre-treatment time.
• the positive control valproate was used at 250mg/kg (10ml/kg i.p. 30min pre treatment time).
• mice were individually assessed for the production of a tonic hind limb extensor seizure following a pre-determined high level (30mA: 50Hz) corneally delivered electroshock (0.2 sec duration) of sufficient intensity to reliably produce tonic hindlimb seizures in 100% of control animals.
• Induction of seizure is measured as an all-or-nothing effect scored as either present (+) or absent (0) for each animal.
• EXAMPLE 3 EVALUATION OF 6-HYDROXY CANNABIDIVARIN (6-OH CBDV) FOR ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY USING THE MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK SEIZURE THRESHOLD (MEST) TEST IN THE MOUSE
• MEST maximal electroshock seizure threshold
• test compound The ability of a test compound to alter the stimulus intensity, expressed as current (mA), required to induce the presence of tonic hind limb extensor convulsions, is assessed in the MEST.
• current expressed as current (mA)
• the outcome of the presence (+) or absence (0) of tonic hind limb extensor convulsions observed from a current to produce tonic hind limb extension in 50% of animals in the treatment group (CC 50 ) determines the seizure threshold for the treatment group and the effects were then compared to the CC 50 of the vehicle control group.
• mice were acclimatised to the procedure room in their home cages for up to 7 days, with food and water available ad libitum.
• the first animal within a treatment group was given a shock at the expected or estimated CC50 current.
• the current was lowered or raised depending on the convulsions outcome from the preceding animal.
• Vehicle (5% ethanol, 5% solutol, 90% Saline) was prepared as follows: 2 ml_ of ethanol, 2 ml_ of solutol were warmed to 60°C, in 36 mL of saline (1:1:18).
• test compound alpha 6-OH CBDV was prepared according to the method described in Example 1. 6-OH CBDV was administered at 3, 10 and 30mg/kg (i.p.) in a 1:1:18 ethanol:solutol:0.9% saline formulation.
• Blood was collected in Lithium-heparin tubes and centrifuged at 4°C for 10 minutes at 1500 x g. The resulting plasma was removed (>100 pL) and split into 2 aliquots of 0.5 mL Eppendorf tubes containing 100 pL of ascorbic acid (100 mg/mL) for stabilisation. Brains were removed, washed in saline and halved. Each half was placed into separate 2 mL screw cap cryovials, weighed and frozen on cardice.
• 6-OH CBDV effects were also calculated as percentage change in CC50 from the vehicle control group.
• the CC50 value was calculated to be 25.7mA.
• 6-OH CBDV In the 6-OH CBDV treatment groups, administered i.p. 15, 15, and 30 minutes before the test, the doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg 6-OH CBDV produced a statistically significant CC50 value compared to vehicle at all three doses of the compound.
• 6-OH CBDV produced a dose-related increase in MEST, which provides evidence that this compound exhibits anticonvulsive properties. Significant effects were observed at 3, 10, and 30 g/kg, when compared to vehicle.

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