WO2021093181A1 - 异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分cotdr分布式声传感装置及方法 - Google Patents

异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分cotdr分布式声传感装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021093181A1
WO2021093181A1 PCT/CN2020/073694 CN2020073694W WO2021093181A1 WO 2021093181 A1 WO2021093181 A1 WO 2021093181A1 CN 2020073694 W CN2020073694 W CN 2020073694W WO 2021093181 A1 WO2021093181 A1 WO 2021093181A1
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fiber
sideband
heterogeneous
chirped
fiber coupler
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PCT/CN2020/073694
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English (en)
French (fr)
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江俊峰
刘铁根
马喆
王双
刘琨
丁振扬
张学智
陈文杰
梁冠华
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天津大学
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Priority to US17/630,408 priority Critical patent/US20220283021A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35329—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G01V1/181—Geophones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G01H1/006—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines of the rotor of turbo machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing detection, in particular to a differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device and method of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses, which can be used for seismic wave measurement, pipeline detection and the like.
  • the microphone array of the traditional discrete structure is mainly an electronic sensor, which is greatly restricted by the strict requirement of synchronous acquisition.
  • the harsh working environment such as high temperature and humidity and electromagnetic interference also brings great challenges to the reliable operation of traditional microphone arrays.
  • the Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology uses optical fibers to sense dynamic strains in the environment up to a distance of tens or even hundreds of kilometers, and is an effective tool for monitoring quantitative signals in the environment.
  • the DAS system In order to quantitatively recover the waveform of the sound signal, in addition to measuring the position, amplitude and frequency, the DAS system also needs to extract complete phase change information along the sensing fiber.
  • Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometers based on Rayleigh backscattering are commonly used in DAS.
  • Y.Koyamada et al. used a frequency-tunable light source combined with a coherent optical time-domain reflector device to realize distributed strain and temperature sensing measurement by processing the backward Rayleigh scattering time-domain signal; however, the frequency-tunable light source Adjusting a light frequency requires repeating the experiment, and the measurement efficiency is greatly reduced.
  • the present invention proposes a differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device and method for heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses, which are different.
  • a differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device with heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses of the present invention includes a light source 1, a 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2, a dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3, and an arbitrary waveform generator 4 ,
  • the light source 1 is connected to the input end of the 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2.
  • the 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler includes two outputs, and one output is sequentially connected to a dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3.
  • 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 8, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 9, fiber filter 10, and the other output terminal is connected in sequence with three-ring polarization controller 13, 2 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 14, balanced photodetector 15, Then, an optical fiber circulator 11 and a sensing optical fiber 12 are sequentially connected with a common output end;
  • the output end of the 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 8 is divided into two, and one of the output ends is connected to the photodetector on the bias control board 7 of the electro-optic modulator;
  • the arbitrary waveform generator 4 is used to generate the upper sideband frequency from To
  • the frequency of the lower sideband is To
  • the heterogeneous digital chirped pulse electrical signal is divided into two orthogonal outputs, I and Q, and the output data enters the processing unit 17;
  • the electro-optical modulator bias control board 7 is used to extract and feedback the modulated heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal, so that it can be stably maintained in a preset working state for a long time;
  • the first low-noise microwave amplifier 5 and the second low-noise microwave amplifier 6 respectively amplify the two orthogonal outputs of I and Q and load them into the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3, and the upper sidebands generated by the modulation are positive chirp and the lower side Heterogeneous pulses with negative chirps are used as probe light pulses;
  • the balanced photodetector 15 is connected to the data acquisition card 16, and the data collected by the data acquisition card 16 enters the processing unit 17.
  • the differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing method of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the continuous laser light emitted from the light source 1 with a light frequency of f 0 is divided into two paths after passing through a 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, one light is used as the signal light, and the other light is used as the local reference light;
  • Arbitrary waveform generator generates upper sideband frequency from To The frequency of the lower sideband is To
  • the heterogeneous digital chirped pulse electrical signal is divided into I and Q quadrature outputs, which are respectively amplified by the first low-noise microwave amplifier and the second low-noise microwave amplifier, and then loaded into the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator to generate Heterogeneous pulses with positive chirp on the upper sideband and negative chirp on the lower sideband are used as probe optical pulses;
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulse light modulated by the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator is divided into two by a 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler.
  • One of the output fibers is connected to the photodetector on the electro-optic modulator bias control board for Realize the extraction and feedback of the modulated heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal to keep it stable for a long time in the preset working state; the other one is used as the probe optical pulse after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, fiber filter and fiber circulator successively
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal After being injected into the sensing fiber, the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal generates backward Rayleigh scattered light along the fiber passing through it and returns to the demodulation optical path along the fiber.
  • the optical signal after interference enters the balanced photodetector for photoelectric conversion, and then enters the processing unit for demodulation after data acquisition by the data acquisition card.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the data collected at the same time contains the interference signals of the upper and lower sidebands, and the interference signals of the upper and lower sidebands are quickly separated by using a digital bandpass filter;
  • the frequency shift of the chirped optical pulse produces additional phases that can be used to compensate the phase of the optical fiber under acoustic strain. . Therefore, the Hilbert transform of the filtered time-domain interference signal of each sideband is performed to obtain the envelope of the corresponding time-domain interference signal. For the non-ideal translation of the time-domain envelope, a signal extraction algorithm using a point-by-point sliding selection window is used. Frame cross-correlation calculation;
  • the differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device and method for heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses proposed by the present invention has the following positive effects:
  • the signal extraction algorithm using the point-by-point sliding selection window can be used to extract the details of the sound signal to be measured.
  • This technology does not require a frequency sweep light source, which greatly reduces the measurement time and complexity of the system. This technology allows measurements at kHz rates while maintaining reliability for several hours.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device with heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the time-frequency curve of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulsed light
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the preliminary experimental results of the digital difference of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses; (a) the coherent time-domain envelope of the upper sideband positively chirped pulse, (b) the coherent time-domain envelope of the lower sideband negatively chirped pulse, ( c) The upper and lower sideband demodulation results, (d) is the digital differential demodulation result.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of a differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing device with heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses of the present invention.
  • the device includes a light source 1, a 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2, a dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3, an arbitrary waveform generator 4, a first low-noise microwave amplifier 5, a second low-noise microwave amplifier 6, and an electro-optic modulator Bias control board 7, 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 8, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 9, fiber filter 10, fiber circulator 11, sensing fiber 12, three-ring polarization controller 13, 2 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 14, Balance the photodetector 15, the data acquisition card 16, and the processing unit 17.
  • the continuous laser light emitted from the light source 1 with a light frequency of f 0 is divided into two paths after passing through a 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2, one light is used as signal light, and the other light is used as a local reference light.
  • Arbitrary waveform generator 4 generates upper sideband frequency from To The frequency of the lower sideband is To
  • the heterogeneous digital chirped pulse electrical signal is divided into I and Q quadrature outputs, which are amplified by the first low-noise microwave amplifier 5 and the second low-noise microwave amplifier 6, and then loaded into the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3.
  • the modulation produces heterogeneous pulses with positive chirp on the upper sideband and negative chirp on the lower sideband as the probe light pulse.
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal modulated by the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator 3 is divided into two by a 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 8, and one of the output fibers is connected to the photodetection on the electro-optic modulator bias control board 7.
  • the device is used to extract and feedback the modulated heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal so that it can be stably maintained in a preset working state for a long time.
  • the other one is used as a probe light pulse to pass through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 9, the fiber filter 10, and the fiber circulator 11, and then is injected into the sensing fiber 12.
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal generates backward Rayleigh along the path of the fiber. Scatter the light and return to the demodulation optical path along the optical fiber.
  • the local reference light enters the 2 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler 14 and interferes.
  • the optical signal after interference enters the balanced photodetector 15 for photoelectric conversion, is collected by the data acquisition card 16 and then enters the processing unit 17 for demodulation processing.
  • Example 2 Differential COTDR distributed acoustic sensing method based on heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulses, using a dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator to generate heterogeneous pulses with positive chirp and negative chirp on the upper and lower sidebands, respectively
  • a probe light pulse it is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and injected into the sensing fiber.
  • the backscattered positive and negative chirped pulsed light signal and the reference light signal carrying the information of the light phase, frequency and amplitude at each position of the sensing fiber are passed through the fiber.
  • the coupler is coupled, and the optical signal after interference is photoelectrically converted and collected by the data acquisition card.
  • the digital bandpass filter is used to filter out the interference signals of the upper and lower sidebands for demodulation, and the waveform of the position of the sensing fiber affected by the sound wave can be obtained information.
  • the sensitivity of the acoustic signal to be measured can be doubled by the digital differential calculation method without increasing any power consumption and the effect of suppressing common mode noise can be achieved.
  • the continuous laser light emitted from the light source 1 with a light frequency of f 0 is divided into two paths after passing through a 1 ⁇ 2 polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, one light is used as the signal light, and the other light is used as the local reference light;
  • Arbitrary waveform generator generates upper sideband frequency from To The frequency of the lower sideband is rt to
  • the heterogeneous digital chirped pulse electrical signal is divided into I and Q quadrature outputs, which are respectively amplified by the first low-noise microwave amplifier and the second low-noise microwave amplifier, and then loaded into the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator to generate Heterogeneous pulses with positive chirp on the upper sideband and negative chirp on the lower sideband are used as probe optical pulses;
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulse light modulated by the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator is divided into two by a 1 ⁇ 2 fiber coupler.
  • One of the output fibers is connected to the photodetector on the electro-optic modulator bias control board for Realize the extraction and feedback of the modulated heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal to keep it stable for a long time in the preset working state; the other one is used as the probe optical pulse after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, fiber filter and fiber circulator successively
  • the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal After being injected into the sensing fiber, the heterogeneous chirped pulsed optical signal generates backward Rayleigh scattered light along the fiber passing through it and returns to the demodulation optical path along the fiber.
  • the optical signal after interference enters the balanced photodetector for photoelectric conversion, and then enters the processing unit for demodulation after data acquisition by the data acquisition card.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the data collected at the same time contains the interference signals of the upper and lower sidebands, and the interference signals of the upper and lower sidebands are quickly separated by using a digital bandpass filter;
  • the frequency shift of the chirped optical pulse produces additional phases that can be used to compensate the phase of the optical fiber under acoustic strain. . Therefore, the Hilbert transform of the filtered time-domain interference signal of each sideband is performed to obtain the envelope of the corresponding time-domain interference signal. For the non-ideal translation of the time-domain envelope, a signal extraction algorithm using a point-by-point sliding selection window is used. Frame cross-correlation calculation;
  • FIG. 2 it is a time-frequency schematic diagram of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulsed light.
  • the upper and lower sidebands have linear frequency sweep characteristics in their respective pulses.
  • the pulse width is T
  • the sweep bandwidth is ⁇ f
  • the sweep frequency satisfies And there is no overlap in the sweep interval.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of preliminary experimental results of heterogeneous double-sideband chirped pulse digital differential.
  • the slopes of the upper and lower sideband chirped pulses generated by the simultaneous modulation of the dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator are opposite, so the corresponding coherent time-domain envelope has the characteristics of reverse motion.
  • (a) is the display of the coherent time-domain envelope of the positively chirped pulse on the upper sideband successively at three times t 1 , t 2 and t 3 within a half period.
  • the overall envelope appears to shift to the left;
  • (b) is The coherent time-domain envelope of the negative chirped pulse in the lower sideband is displayed at the same three moments, and the envelope shows the law of shifting to the right.
  • the demodulation algorithm of the present invention is used to process the upper and lower sideband coherent time domain envelope signals respectively, and the waveform recovery of the signal to be measured is realized, and the result is shown in Fig. 3(c).
  • the digital difference calculation is performed on the demodulation results of the upper and lower sidebands, and the signal strength is doubled, as shown in Figure 3 (d).
  • the results show that the present invention can double the sensitivity of the acoustic wave signal to be measured and suppress common mode noise without increasing any power consumption.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置，包括光源(1)、1×2保偏光纤耦合器(2)、双马赫曾德尔电光调制器(3)、任意波形发生器(4)、第一低噪声微波放大器(5)、第二低噪声微波放大器(6)、电光调制器偏压控制板(7)、1×2光纤耦合器(8)、掺铒光纤放大器(9)、光纤滤波器(10)、光纤环行器(11)、传感光纤(12)、三环偏振控制器(13)、2×2光纤耦合器(14)、平衡光电探测器(15)、数据采集卡(16)以及处理单元(17)。还公开一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感方法。该装置和方法通过将异构双边带啁啾脉冲调制和相干光时域反射技术相结合，将待测声波信号的灵敏度增加一倍且实现共模噪声的抑制，同时使得信噪比得到较大提升。

Description

异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及分布式光纤声传感探测领域，特别涉及一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置及方法，可以用于地震波测量、管道检测等。
背景技术
声阵列探测技术因其在地震波测量、海洋声学层析成像、航空噪声分析和油井勘探监测等领域具有广泛的应用而备受关注。传统分立式结构的传声器阵列主要为电子传感器，严格同步采集的要求使其大为受限。高温高湿、电磁干扰等恶劣工作环境也为传统传声器阵列的可靠工作带来巨大挑战。而分布式光纤声传感(DAS)技术采用光纤来感知长达几十乃至上百公里距离的环境中动态应变，是监测环境中定量信号的有效工具。为了定量恢复声音信号的波形，DAS系统除了测量位置、幅度和频率外还需要沿传感光纤提取完整的相位变化信息。基于瑞利后向散射的相敏光时域反射计通常用于DAS。Y.Koyamada等人使用频率可调谐的光源结合相干光时域反射装置通过对后向瑞利散射时域信号进行处理实现了分布式应变和温度的传感测量；然而，频率可调谐的光源每调节一个光频率需要重复一次实验，测量效率大大被削减。J.Pastor-Graells等人利用啁啾脉冲作为探测光脉冲并结合直接探测方案实现了动态应变的测量；然而，其通过改变激光器驱动电流调制的模拟啁啾脉冲使得瞬时频率需要不断校准，并且该方案中直接检测的信噪比较低。
发明内容
为了实现高质量的啁啾脉冲光信号产生以及高灵敏度和高信噪比的声波信号测量，本发明提出一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置及方法，将异构双边带啁啾脉冲调制和相干光时域反射技术相结合，并通过数字差分计算方法在不增加任何功耗的情况下将待测声波信号的灵敏度增加一倍且实现共模噪声的抑制，为地震波测量领域提供一种高效便捷的技术方案，具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置，包括光源1、1 ×2保偏光纤耦合器2、双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3、任意波形发生器4、第一低噪声微波放大器5、第二低噪声微波放大器6、电光调制器偏压控制板7、1×2光纤耦合器8、掺铒光纤放大器9、光纤滤波器10、光纤环行器11、传感光纤12、三环偏振控制器13、2×2光纤耦合器14、平衡光电探测器15、数据采集卡16以及处理单元17；
所述光源1与所述1×2保偏光纤耦合器2的输入端相连，所述1×2保偏光纤耦合器包含两路输出，一路输出端依序连接有双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3、1×2光纤耦合器8、掺铒光纤放大器9、光纤滤波器10、另一路输出端依序连接有三环偏振控制器13、2×2光纤耦合器14、平衡光电探测器15，再以共同的输出端依序连接有光纤环行器11、传感光纤12；
所述1×2光纤耦合器8的输出端一分为二，其中一路输出端连接到电光调制器偏压控制板7上的光电探测器；
所述任意波形发生器4用于产生上边带频率从
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000001
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000002
下边带频率为
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000003
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000004
的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，输出数据进入处理单元17；
所述电光调制器偏压控制板7用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态；
所述第一低噪声微波放大器5和第二低噪声微波放大器6分别将I和Q两路正交输出放大后加载到双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲；
所述平衡光电探测器15与所述数据采集卡16连接，所述数据采集卡16采集的数据进入处理单元17。
本发明的一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感方法，该传感方法包括以下步骤：
光源1发出光频为f 0的连续激光经过1×2保偏光纤耦合器后分为两路，一路光作为信号光，另一路光作为本地参考光；
任意波形发生器产生上边带频率从
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000005
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000006
下边带频率为
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000007
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000008
的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，分别经过第一低噪声微波放大器和第二 低噪声微波放大器放大后，加载到双马赫曾德尔电光调制器，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲；
经过双马赫曾德尔电光调制器调制产生的异构啁啾脉冲光通过1×2光纤耦合器一分为二，其中一路输出光纤连接到电光调制器偏压控制板上的光电探测器，用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态；另外一路作为探测光脉冲先后经过掺铒光纤放大器、光纤滤波器和光纤环行器后被注入到传感光纤中，异构啁啾脉冲光信号在途经的光纤沿线产生后向瑞利散射光并沿光纤返回到解调光路。包含用于解调相位信息
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000009
和用于解调光频信息I(f)的上下边带的后向散射异构啁啾脉冲光与通过三环偏振控制器调节过偏振态的本地参考光进入2×2光纤耦合器发生干涉；
干涉后的光信号进入平衡光电探测器进行光电转换，通过数据采集卡进行数据采集后进入处理单元进行解调处理，具体过程如下：
同一时刻采集到的数据中包含上下边带的干涉信号，使用数字带通滤波器将上下边带的干涉信号进行快速分离；
根据激光光频的变化量Δf和光纤的应变变化量Δε的关系式Δf/f 0≈-0.78Δε可知，啁啾光脉冲的频移产生附加相位可用来补偿光纤在声致应变下产生的相位。因此分别对滤出的各边带时域干涉信号进行希尔伯特变换得到相应时域干涉信号的包络，针对时域包络非理想平移使用逐点滑移选取窗口的信号提取算法，逐帧进行互相关运算；
通过整合滑窗计算中相关系数最大值对应的横坐标位置信息，即可获得声致应变的完整相位信息；
对所得相位信息进行傅里叶变换，获得待测声波的频率信息。
与现有技术相比，本发明提出的一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置及方法具有以下积极效果：
1、将异构双边带啁啾脉冲调制和相干光时域反射技术相结合，并通过数字差分计算方法在不增加任何功耗的情况下将待测声波信号的灵敏度增加一倍且实现共模噪声的抑制，同时相干探测技术使得信噪比得到较大提升。
2、使用任意波形发生器和双马赫曾德尔电光调制器产生可灵活控制的异构双边带啁啾脉冲光信号，为适应不同的测量环境提供快捷可靠的脉冲调制方法。
3、针对时域包络非理想平移使用逐点滑移选取窗口的信号提取算法，可实现待测声音信号细节的提取。该技术不需要扫频光源，大大减少了系统的测量时间和复杂性。该技术允许以kHz速率进行测量，同时保持数小时的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置示意图；
图2是异构双边带啁啾脉冲光时频曲线示意图；
图3是异构双边带啁啾脉冲数字差分初步实验结果示意图；(a)上边带正啁啾脉冲的相干时域包络，(b)下边带负啁啾脉冲的相干时域包络，(c)上下边带解调结果，(d)是数字差分解调结果。
附图标记：
1、光源，2、1×2保偏光纤耦合器，3、双马赫曾德尔电光调制器，4、任意波形发生器，5、第一低噪声微波放大器，6、第二低噪声微波放大器，7、电光调制器偏压控制板，8、1×2光纤耦合器，9、掺铒光纤放大器，10、光纤滤波器，11、光纤环行器，12、传感光纤，13、三环偏振控制器，14、2×2光纤耦合器，15、平衡光电探测器，16、数据采集卡、17处理单元。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细描述。
如图1所示，是本发明的一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置示意图。该装置包括光源1、1×2保偏光纤耦合器2、双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3、任意波形发生器4、第一低噪声微波放大器5、第二低噪声微波放大器6、电光调制器偏压控制板7、1×2光纤耦合器8、掺铒光纤放大器9、光纤滤波器10、光纤环行器11、传感光纤12、三环偏振控制器13、2×2光纤耦合器14、平衡光电探测器15、数据采集卡16以及处理单元17。其中，光源1发出光频为f 0的连续激光经过1×2保偏光纤耦合器2后分为两路，一路光作为信号光，另一路光作为本地参考光。任意波形发生器4产生上边带频率从
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000010
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000011
下边带频率为
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000012
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000013
的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，分别经过第一低噪声微波放大器5和第二低噪声微波放大器6放大后加载到 双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲。经过双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3调制产生的异构啁啾脉冲光信号通过1×2光纤耦合器8一分为二，其中一路输出光纤连接到电光调制器偏压控制板7上的光电探测器，用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态。另外一路作为探测光脉冲先后经过掺铒光纤放大器9、光纤滤波器10和光纤环行器11后被注入到传感光纤12中，异构啁啾脉冲光信号在途经的光纤沿线产生后向瑞利散射光并沿光纤返回到解调光路。包含用于解调相位信息φ(t)和用于解调光频信息I(f)的上下边带的后向散射异构啁啾脉冲光与通过三环偏振控制器13调节过偏振态的本地参考光进入2×2光纤耦合器14发生干涉。干涉后的光信号进入平衡光电探测器15进行光电转换，通过数据采集卡16进行数据采集后进入处理单元17进行解调处理。
实施例2：基于异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感方法，利用一个双马赫曾德尔电光调制器产生上边带和下边带分别为正啁啾和负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲，经掺铒光纤放大器放大后注入传感光纤，携带传感光纤各位置处的光相位、频率和幅度等信息的后向散射正负啁啾脉冲光信号与参考光信号通过光纤耦合器进行耦合，干涉后的光信号经光电转换后由数据采集卡进行采集。由于正负啁啾脉冲的相干时域包络具有反向移动的特性，使用数字带通滤波器分别滤出上下边带的干涉信号进行解调，均可获得传感光纤受声波作用位置的波形信息。与此同时，在不增加任何功耗的情况下通过数字差分计算方法可将待测声波信号的灵敏度增加一倍且实现抑制共模噪声的效果。
具体包括以下步骤：
光源1发出光频为f 0的连续激光经过1×2保偏光纤耦合器后分为两路，一路光作为信号光，另一路光作为本地参考光；
任意波形发生器产生上边带频率从
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000014
到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000015
下边带频率为
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000016
rt到
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000017
的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，分别经过第一低噪声微波放大器和第二低噪声微波放大器放大后，加载到双马赫曾德尔电光调制器，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲；
经过双马赫曾德尔电光调制器调制产生的异构啁啾脉冲光通过1×2光纤耦合器一分为二，其中一路输出光纤连接到电光调制器偏压控制板上的光电探测器，用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态；另外一 路作为探测光脉冲先后经过掺铒光纤放大器、光纤滤波器和光纤环行器后被注入到传感光纤中，异构啁啾脉冲光信号在途经的光纤沿线产生后向瑞利散射光并沿光纤返回到解调光路。包含用于解调相位信息
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000018
和用于解调光频信息I(f)的上下边带的后向散射异构啁啾脉冲光与通过三环偏振控制器调节过偏振态的本地参考光进入2×2光纤耦合器发生干涉；
干涉后的光信号进入平衡光电探测器进行光电转换，通过数据采集卡进行数据采集后进入处理单元进行解调处理，具体过程如下：
同一时刻采集到的数据中包含上下边带的干涉信号，使用数字带通滤波器将上下边带的干涉信号进行快速分离；
根据激光光频的变化量Δf和光纤的应变变化量Δε的关系式Δf/f 0≈-0.78Δε可知，啁啾光脉冲的频移产生附加相位可用来补偿光纤在声致应变下产生的相位。因此分别对滤出的各边带时域干涉信号进行希尔伯特变换得到相应时域干涉信号的包络，针对时域包络非理想平移使用逐点滑移选取窗口的信号提取算法，逐帧进行互相关运算；
通过整合滑窗计算中相关系数最大值对应的横坐标位置信息，即可获得声致应变的完整相位信息；
对所得相位信息进行傅里叶变换，获得待测声波的频率信息。
如图2所示，是异构双边带啁啾脉冲光的时频示意图。上下边带在各自的脉冲内均具有线性扫频的特点，其中脉冲宽度均为T，扫频带宽均为Δf，扫频频率满足
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-000020
且扫频区间无重叠。
如图3所示，是异构双边带啁啾脉冲数字差分初步实验结果示意图。如图3中(a)和(b)所示，利用双马赫曾德尔电光调制器同时调制产生的上下边带啁啾脉冲的斜率相反，因此对应相干时域包络具有反向运动的特征，(a)为上边带正啁啾脉冲的相干时域包络先后在半个周期内t 1、t 2和t 3三个时刻的展示，整体包络呈现向左平移的现象；(b)为下边带负啁啾脉冲的相干时域包络在相同三个时刻的展示，包络呈现向右平移的规律。利用本发明的提解调算法分别对上下边带相干时域包络信号进行处理，均实现待测信号的波形恢复，结果如图3中(c)所示。最后对上下边带的解调结果进行数字差分计算，实现了信号强度的翻倍，如图3中(d)所示。结果表明本发明可在不增加任何功耗的情况下将待测声波信号的灵敏度增加一倍且实现抑制共模噪声。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感装置，其特征在于，该装置包括光源(1)、1×2保偏光纤耦合器(2)、双马赫曾德尔电光调制器(3)、任意波形发生器(4)、第一低噪声微波放大器(5)、第二低噪声微波放大器(6)、电光调制器偏压控制板(7)、1×2光纤耦合器(8)、掺铒光纤放大器(9)、光纤滤波器(10)、光纤环行器(11)、传感光纤(12)、三环偏振控制器(13)、2×2光纤耦合器(14)、平衡光电探测器(15)、数据采集卡(16)以及处理单元(17)；
    所述光源(1)与所述1×2保偏光纤耦合器(2)的输入端相连，所述1×2保偏光纤耦合器(2)包含两路输出，一路输出端依序连接有双马赫曾德尔电光调制器(3)、1×2光纤耦合器(8)、掺铒光纤放大器(9)、光纤滤波器(10)、另一路输出端依序连接有三环偏振控制器(13)、2×2光纤耦合器(14)、平衡光电探测器(15)，再以共同的输出端依序连接有光纤环行器(11)、传感光纤(12)；
    所述1×2光纤耦合器(8)的输出端一分为二，其中一路输出端连接到电光调制器偏压控制板(7)上的光电探测器；
    所述任意波形发生器(4)用于产生上边带频率从
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100001
    到
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100002
    下边带频率为
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100003
    到
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100004
    的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，输出数据进入处理单元(17)；
    所述电光调制器偏压控制板(7)用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态；
    所述第一低噪声微波放大器5和第二低噪声微波放大器(6)分别将I和Q两路正交输出放大后加载到双马赫曾德尔电光调制器3，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲；
    所述平衡光电探测器(15)与所述数据采集卡(16)连接，所述数据采集卡(16)采集的数据进入处理单元(17)。
  2. 一种异构双边带啁啾脉冲的差分COTDR分布式声传感方法，其特征在于，该传感方法包括以下步骤：
    光源发出光频为f o的连续激光经过1×2保偏光纤耦合器后分为两路，一路光作为信号光，另一路光作为本地参考光；
    任意波形发生器产生上边带频率从
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100005
    到
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100006
    下边带频率为
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100007
    到
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100008
    的异构数字啁啾脉冲电信号分为I和Q两路正交输出，分别经过第一低噪声微波放大器和第二低噪声微波放大器放大后，加载到双马赫曾德尔电光调制器，调制产生上边带为正啁啾、下边带为负啁啾的异构脉冲作为探测光脉冲；
    经过双马赫曾德尔电光调制器调制产生的异构啁啾脉冲光通过1×2光纤耦合器一分为二，其中一路输出光纤连接到电光调制器偏压控制板上的光电探测器，用于实现对调制后的异构啁啾脉冲光信号进行抽取反馈，使其长时间稳定保持在预设的工作状态；另外一路作为探测光脉冲先后经过掺铒光纤放大器、光纤滤波器和光纤环行器后被注入到传感光纤中，异构啁啾脉冲光信号在途经的光纤沿线产生后向瑞利散射光并沿光纤返回到解调光路；包含用于解调相位信息
    Figure PCTCN2020073694-appb-100009
    和用于解调光频信息I(f)的上下边带的后向散射异构啁啾脉冲光与通过三环偏振控制器调节过偏振态的本地参考光进入2×2光纤耦合器发生干涉；
    干涉后的光信号进入平衡光电探测器进行光电转换，通过数据采集卡进行数据采集后进入处理单元进行解调处理，具体过程如下：
    同一时刻采集到的数据中包含上下边带的干涉信号，使用数字带通滤波器将上、下边带的干涉信号进行快速分离；
    分别对滤出的各边带时域干涉信号进行希尔伯特变换得到相应时域干涉信号的包络，针对时域包络非理想平移使用逐点滑移选取窗口的信号提取算法，逐帧进行互相关运算；
    通过整合滑窗计算中相关系数最大值对应的横坐标位置信息，即可获得声致应变的完整相位信息；
    对所得相位信息进行傅里叶变换，获得待测声波的频率信息。
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