WO2021085543A1 - ガス検出装置および漏洩ガス検出システム - Google Patents
ガス検出装置および漏洩ガス検出システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021085543A1 WO2021085543A1 PCT/JP2020/040668 JP2020040668W WO2021085543A1 WO 2021085543 A1 WO2021085543 A1 WO 2021085543A1 JP 2020040668 W JP2020040668 W JP 2020040668W WO 2021085543 A1 WO2021085543 A1 WO 2021085543A1
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- light
- wavelength
- difluoromethane
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- target space
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000011896 sensitive detection Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 91
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000661 Mercury cadmium telluride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/228—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators for radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1793—Remote sensing
- G01N2021/1795—Atmospheric mapping of gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
- G01N2021/3513—Open path with an instrumental source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
- G01N33/0049—Halogenated organic compounds
Definitions
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-132737 discloses a gas concentration measuring device including a detection gas cell containing a gas to be detected and a reference gas cell containing a reference gas. In this device, the concentration of methane gas in the detection gas cell is measured by using a photodetector that receives the laser light transmitted through each gas cell.
- Refrigerants such as air conditioners often circulate the refrigerant, but the refrigerant may leak from the refrigerant circuit.
- Refrigerators that use difluoromethane as a refrigerant also exist, and in order to detect refrigerant leakage, a device that detects the gas concentration of difluoromethane is required.
- the gas detection device of the first aspect is a gas detection device that detects difluoromethane existing in a distant target space, and includes a detection unit.
- the detection unit detects difluoromethane by utilizing the absorption of light having a predetermined wavelength.
- the predetermined wavelength is First wavelength range from 1659 to 1673 (nm), Second wavelength range from 1724 to 1726 (nm) Third wavelength range from 2218 to 2221 (nm), Fourth wavelength range from 2463 to 2466 (nm), Fifth wavelength range from 3316 to 3318 (nm), and 6th wavelength range from 9034 to 9130 (nm), It is in one of the wavelength ranges of.
- the gas detection device of the second viewpoint is the gas detection device of the first viewpoint, and further includes an irradiation unit and a light receiving unit.
- the irradiation unit irradiates the target space with the first light and the second light.
- the first light includes the above-mentioned infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength.
- the second light is different from the first light.
- the light receiving unit receives the first light and the second light that have passed through the target space.
- the detection unit detects difluoromethane existing in the target space based on the first light and the second light received by the light receiving unit.
- the inventor of the present application has come to recognize the existence of the absorption wavelength band of difluoromethane in the wavelength range for which the details have not been known so far by repeating the test with the latest equipment having high resolution.
- the target space is irradiated with the first light containing infrared rays of any of the above-mentioned first to fifth wavelength ranges, and the first light and the second light that have passed through the target space are received by the light receiving unit.
- the inventor of the present application has found that difluoromethane can be detected.
- the gas detection device of the third viewpoint is the gas detection device of the second viewpoint, and the detection unit has a calculation unit.
- the calculation unit calculates the concentration of difluoromethane existing in the target space.
- the calculation of the concentration of difluoromethane is performed based on the difference between the first light and the second light received by the light receiving unit.
- the gas detection device of the fourth aspect is a gas detection device that detects difluoromethane existing in a distant target space, and includes an irradiation unit, a light receiving unit, and a detection unit.
- the irradiation unit irradiates the target space with first light whose emission wavelength is modulated by including infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength by current modulation.
- the light receiving unit receives the first light that has passed through the target space.
- the detection unit detects difluoromethane existing in the target space based on the first light received by the light receiving unit.
- the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays contained in the first light is First wavelength range from 1659 to 1673 (nm), Second wavelength range from 1724 to 1726 (nm) Third wavelength range from 2218 to 2221 (nm), Fourth wavelength range from 2463 to 2466 (nm), Fifth wavelength range from 3316 to 3318 (nm), and 6th wavelength range from 9034 to 9130 (nm), It is in one of the wavelength ranges of.
- the detector is The fundamental wave phase-sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light and A 2nd harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of a predetermined wavelength of the first light, or a 4th harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of a predetermined wavelength of the first light. Based on, the difluoromethane existing in the target space is detected.
- the inventor of the present application has come to recognize the existence of the absorption wavelength of difluoromethane in the wavelength range for which the details have not been known so far by repeating the test with the latest equipment having high resolution.
- the target space is irradiated with the first light containing infrared rays of any of the above-mentioned first to fifth wavelength ranges, and the first light that has passed through the target space is received by the light receiving unit.
- the inventor of the present application has found that difluoromethane can be detected.
- the gas detection device of the fifth aspect is the gas detection device of the fourth aspect, and the detection unit has a calculation unit.
- the calculation unit is The ratio of the fundamental wave phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light to the double wave phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light, Or The ratio of the fundamental phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light to the fourth harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light, Based on, the concentration of difluoromethane present in the target space is calculated.
- the gas detection device of the sixth aspect is any of the gas detection devices of any of the second to fifth aspects, and the predetermined wavelengths of the infrared rays of the first light are the first wavelength range, the second wavelength range, and the third wavelength. It is in one of the wavelength range of the range and the fourth wavelength range.
- the light receiving unit receives light reflected or scattered by an object on the opposite side of the target space from the irradiation unit.
- the reflected or scattered light is received by the light receiving unit, but since the predetermined wavelength of the first light is in the above range, the absorption to the object is small, and difluoromethane can be detected with high accuracy.
- the gas detection device of the seventh aspect is any of the gas detection devices of the second to fifth aspects, and the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays of the first light is in the fourth wavelength range or the fifth wavelength range. It is in the wavelength range.
- the gas detection device of the sixth aspect further includes a wavelength conversion unit that converts the light received by the light receiving unit into a short wavelength.
- the wavelength conversion unit is provided, the thermal noise in the light receiving unit is also reduced, and the cooling device for removing the thermal noise can be simplified or omitted.
- the gas detection device of the eighth viewpoint is any gas detection device of any of the second to fifth viewpoints, and the predetermined wavelengths of infrared rays of the first light are the first wavelength range, the second wavelength range, and the third. It is in one of the wavelength ranges of.
- the thermal noise in the light receiving portion is also reduced, and the cooling device for removing the thermal noise can be simplified or omitted.
- the gas detection device of the ninth viewpoint is any gas detection device of any of the second to eighth viewpoints, and further includes a condenser lens or a telescope.
- the condenser lens or telescope passes the light received through the light receiving portion.
- the light is received by the light receiving unit.
- condenser lens or telescope for example, a Cassegrain type telescope can be used.
- the leaked gas detection system of the tenth viewpoint includes an air conditioner and a gas detection device of any of the first to ninth viewpoints.
- the air conditioner has a heat exchanger through which difluoromethane flows as a refrigerant, and a casing that houses the heat exchanger.
- the gas detector detects difluoromethane leaking from the air conditioner into the target space.
- the portion facing the target space has a lower infrared absorption rate than difluoromethane.
- a gas detection device is used when detecting difluoromethane leaked from the air conditioner into the target space.
- the irradiation unit of the gas detection device transmits the first light and the second light to the target space. Irradiate against. After that, the light receiving unit receives the first light and the second light that have passed through the target space. Therefore, if the infrared absorption rate of the outer surface of the casing of the air conditioner is large, most of the first light is absorbed by the casing of the air conditioner, and the amount of the first light received by the light receiving portion is reduced.
- the portion of the outer surface of the casing of the air conditioner facing the target space has a lower infrared absorption rate than difluoromethane. Therefore, the amount of received light in the light receiving portion of the first light increases, and the accuracy of detecting difluoromethane improves.
- Schematic of a leaked gas detection system including a gas detector.
- Schematic diagram of a gas detector The graph which shows the infrared transmittance of difluoromethane in the wavelength band of 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m (2000 nm to 10000 nm). The graph which shows the infrared transmittance of difluoromethane in the wavelength band of 1 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m (1000 nm to 2500 nm). The graph which shows the absorption cross section of the infrared ray of difluoromethane and methane in the wavelength band of 1.2 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m (1200 nm to 2500 nm).
- the leaked gas detection system includes a ceiling-mounted air conditioner 90 and a gas detection device 10.
- the air conditioner 90 includes a heat exchanger 91 through which difluoromethane (R32) flows as a refrigerant, and a casing 92 that houses the heat exchanger 91.
- the gas detection device 10 detects difluoromethane leaking from the air conditioner 90 to the target space RM.
- the target space RM is an indoor space of a room in which the air conditioner 90 is installed, and is a space surrounded by a ceiling CE, a side wall, and a floor FL.
- the portion facing the target space RM has a lower infrared absorption rate than difluoromethane.
- the panel exposed inside the casing 92 is molded from a material containing metal powder, or the surface of the panel is plated to keep the infrared absorption rate low.
- the outer surface of the casing 92 is solid even without using metal powder or plating, the infrared absorption rate of the casing 92 is small.
- the gas detection device 10 described later is a portable device, and is carried by a service person for detecting refrigerant leakage.
- the gas detection device 10 irradiates the target space RM below the air conditioner 90 away from itself with infrared rays, and receives the reflected or scattered light from the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90 or the ceiling CE. By performing the calculation, the presence and concentration of difluoromethane in the target space RM are detected.
- the gas detection device 10 shown in FIG. 2 is a gas detection device based on a laser sensing technique, and includes a main body 12, an irradiation unit 13, and a condensing cylinder 14. There is.
- the irradiation unit 13 irradiates the target space RM with the first light IR11 and the second light IR12, which are laser beams.
- the first light IR11 includes infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength.
- the second light IR12 is different from the first light IR11.
- the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays contained in the first light IR11 is in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm).
- the second light IR12 is near infrared and First wavelength range from 1659 to 1673 (nm), Second wavelength range from 1724 to 1726 (nm) Third wavelength range from 2218 to 2221 (nm), and Near infrared rays (700 to 2500 (nm)) in a wavelength band other than the fourth wavelength range of 2463 to 2466 (nm).
- the condensing cylinder 14 is a condensing lens or a telescope, and allows light received by a light receiving unit 21, which will be described later, to pass therethrough.
- a Cassegrain telescope is used as the condenser tube 14.
- a light receiving unit 21 and a detecting unit 22 are arranged on the main body 12.
- the light receiving unit 21 collects the first light and the second light (hereinafter referred to as reflected lights IR21 and IR22) that have passed through the target space RM and are reflected or scattered by the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90 or the ceiling CE. Receives light through.
- the light receiving unit 21 is an infrared detection element that receives infrared rays and converts them into an electric signal.
- an MCT (HgCdTe) infrared detection element is used as the infrared detection element.
- the detection unit 22 detects difluoromethane existing in the target space RM based on the reflected lights IR21 and IR22 received by the light receiving unit 21.
- the detection unit 22 includes a signal amplifier and a calculation unit 22a.
- the calculation unit 22a is realized by a computer.
- the arithmetic unit 22a includes a control arithmetic unit and a storage device.
- a processor such as a CPU or GPU can be used as the control arithmetic unit.
- the control arithmetic unit reads a program stored in the storage device and performs predetermined image processing and arithmetic processing according to the program. Further, the control arithmetic unit can write the arithmetic result to the storage device and read the information stored in the storage device according to the program.
- the calculation unit 22a receives an electric signal from the light receiving unit 21 and calculates the concentration of difluoromethane existing in the target space RM.
- the calculation of the concentration of difluoromethane is performed based on the difference between the reflected lights (first light and second light) IR21 and IR22 received by the light receiving unit 21.
- the service person carries whether or not the refrigerant (difluoromethane) is leaking from the air conditioner 90 installed in the ceiling CE of the room in the building such as an office.
- the refrigerant difluoromethane
- the service person determines that the space below the air conditioner 90 near the ceiling CE is the target space RM for gas detection (see FIG. 1), and laser light (first light IR11 and second light IR12) is directed toward the target space RM. ) Is irradiated.
- the target space RM has a predetermined concentration of difluoromethane. Will exist. Then, a part of the first light IR11 of the laser light is absorbed by difluoromethane, and the second light IR12 is not absorbed by difluoromethane. Therefore, the detection levels of the reflected light (first light and second light) IR21 and IR22 from the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90 and the ceiling CE differ in the light receiving unit 21. Based on this difference, the calculation unit 22a calculates the concentration of difluoromethane in the target space RM.
- the reflected lights (first light and second light) IR21 and IR22 enter the light receiving unit 21 via the condensing cylinder 14.
- the condensing cylinder 14 widely condenses the reflected or scattered light. Therefore, the light receiving unit 21 can detect even the reflected light (first light) IR21 that has been absorbed and has a very small amount.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are graphs plotting infrared wavelengths on the horizontal axis and infrared transmittances of each wavelength when passing through a space in which a predetermined concentration of difluoromethane exists on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 5 is a graph in which the wavelength of infrared rays is plotted on the horizontal axis and the absorption cross sections of methane and difluoromethane are plotted on the vertical axis. As shown in these graphs, as a result of the test, the existence of absorption wavelengths of difluoromethane, especially in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and their transmittance and absorption cross section were obtained.
- the absorption cross section In the first wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm), the absorption cross section is 5.5 x 10-22 cm 2 , In the second wavelength range of 1724 to 1726 (nm), the absorption cross section is 1.4 x 10-21 cm 2 , In the third wavelength range of 2218 to 2221 (nm), the absorption cross section is 9.8 ⁇ 10-21 cm 2 , In the fourth wavelength range of 2463 to 2466 (nm), the absorption cross section is 3.2 ⁇ 10-21 cm 2 , In the fifth wavelength range of 3316 to 3318 (nm), the absorption cross section is 7.5 ⁇ 10-19 cm 2 , In the sixth wavelength range of 9034 ⁇ 9130 (nm), the absorption cross section, 2.0 ⁇ 10 -18 cm 2.
- the above-mentioned gas detection device 10 adopts infrared rays in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm) as the first light IR11, and irradiates the target space RM from the irradiation unit 13. I try to do.
- the infrared wavelength region described as "water vapor" in FIGS. 3 to 5 is an infrared wavelength region in which it is difficult to remove the presence of water vapor in the system of a measuring device such as a gas cell.
- the measurement results shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 include the characteristics of water vapor.
- FIGS. 3 to 5 in order to avoid confusion with the characteristics of difluoromethane and methane, it is described as "water vapor".
- the inventor of the present application has found by repeating the test that the absorption wavelength of difluoromethane exists even in a wavelength range (1600 nm to 2500 nm) that has not been recognized until now. Then, in the gas detection device 10 according to the above embodiment, the wavelength of the first light IR11 is set to 1659 to 1673 (nm), and it is possible to detect difluoromethane existing in the remote target space RM.
- the wavelength of the first light IR11 is set to 1659 to 1673 (nm) included in the wavelength region of near infrared rays (electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of 700 to 2500 (nm)). Therefore, as compared with the case of selecting mid-infrared rays (2500 to 4000 (nm)) or far-infrared rays (4000 (nm) or more), cooling for removing thermal noise can be omitted or simplified. As a result, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the deterioration of convenience due to the time from the start-up to the stabilization of the cooling device can be suppressed.
- a Peltier element can be used as a cooling device for the infrared detection element.
- the light receiving unit 21 receives light reflected or scattered by an object (air conditioner 90, ceiling CE, etc.) on the opposite side of the target space RM from the irradiation unit 13. Therefore, the irradiation unit 13 and the light receiving unit 21 can be brought close to each other, and the gas detection device 10 is easy to carry.
- the absorption wavelength of building materials and structures of buildings is in the band of about 3 ⁇ m in the case of PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), AS (acrylonitrile styrene), etc.
- PS polystyrene
- paper on the ceiling surface, wood, etc. it is in a band of around 9 ⁇ m. If the wavelength of infrared rays emitted from the gas detector is selected from the band of 3 ⁇ m or 9 ⁇ m, it matches the absorption wavelength of building materials and structures, or the absorption cross-sectional area is compared with that of difluoromethane gas. If it is not small enough, it may be mistakenly recognized as the presence of difluoromethane gas due to absorption by building materials and structures.
- the wavelength of the first light IR11 is set to 1659 to 1673 (nm). Therefore, it is not easily affected by absorption by building materials and structures.
- the gas detection device 10 is used when detecting difluoromethane leaked from the air conditioner 90 to the target space RM.
- the irradiation unit 13 of the gas detection device 10 is the first.
- the first light IR11 and the second light IR12 are applied to the target space RM.
- the light receiving unit 21 receives the first light (reflected light IR21) and the second light (reflected light IR22) that have passed through the target space RM.
- the infrared absorption rate of the outer surface of the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90 is large, most of the first light IR11 is absorbed by the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90, and the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 21 is reduced. It ends up.
- At least the portion of the outer surface of the casing 92 of the air conditioner 90 facing the target space RM has a lower infrared absorption rate than difluoromethane.
- a measure can be taken in which the panel exposed inside the casing 92 is molded from a material containing metal powder, or the surface of the panel is plated.
- the amount of received light received by the gas detection device 10 is increased, and the accuracy of difluoromethane detection is improved.
- the outer surface of the casing 92 is solid, so that the infrared absorption rate of the casing 92 is high. Is small.
- Modification example (7-1) Modification example 1A
- the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays contained in the first light IR 11 is set in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm).
- the wavelength of the first light may be set in the wavelength range of 1724 to 1726 (nm), 2218 to 2221 (nm), or 2463 to 2466 (nm).
- infrared rays in these wavelength ranges also match the absorption wavelength of difluoromethane and are easily absorbed by difluoromethane. Therefore, good detection accuracy of difluoromethane can be expected.
- the wavelength range of 1724 to 1726 (nm), 2218 to 2221 (nm), or 2463 to 2466 (nm) is also in the near-infrared wavelength region, and cooling for removing thermal noise can be omitted or simplified. it can.
- the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays contained in the first light IR 11 is set in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm).
- the wavelength of the first light may be set in the wavelength range of 3316 to 3318 (nm).
- the absorption cross section of difluoromethane is large (7.5 ⁇ 10-19 cm 2 ) as described above. Therefore, it is possible to detect difluoromethane having a lower concentration than when near infrared rays are used as the first light.
- the predetermined wavelength of infrared rays contained in the first light IR 11 is set in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm).
- the wavelength of the first light may be set in the wavelength range of 9034-9130 (nm).
- the absorption cross section of difluoromethane is further large (2.0). ⁇ 10-18 cm 2 ). Therefore, it is possible to detect difluoromethane having a lower concentration than when near infrared rays are used as the first light.
- the irradiation unit 13 is configured to irradiate the first light IR11 and the second light IR12.
- the irradiation unit irradiates the target space with the first light whose emission wavelength is modulated by including infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength by current modulation.
- the detection unit detects difluoromethane existing in the target space based on the fundamental wave phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light and the double wave phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light.
- the predetermined wavelength of the first light is set in the wavelength range of 1659 to 1673 (nm)
- the predetermined wavelength of the first light is replaced with the double-wave phase-sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light.
- the 4th harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of it is preferable to use the 4th harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of.
- the detection unit determines the concentration of difluoromethane based on the ratio of the fundamental wave phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light to the fourth harmonic phase sensitive detection signal of the predetermined wavelength of the first light. It will be calculated.
- wavelength conversion unit a wavelength conversion device such as a nonlinear optical crystal can be adopted.
- the irradiation unit 13 is configured to irradiate the first light IR11 and the second light IR12.
- the wavelength may be changed by changing the output of the laser from the irradiation unit, and light of two wavelengths may be detected by inserting and removing the wavelength selection film.
- the wavelength selection film is removed or inserted in front of the detector.
- wavelength conversion crystal such as lithium niobate (PPRN) may be used instead of inserting and removing the wavelength selection film.
- PPRN lithium niobate
- wavelength conversion crystals can be used to convert wavelengths from mid-infrared rays to visible light or near-infrared rays, for example, cooling treatment using liquid nitrogen or the like becomes unnecessary, and difluoromethane can be detected at room temperature without thermal noise. it can.
- an LED may be used as the light source of the irradiation unit instead of the laser.
- the multi-wavelength of the LED light oscillated from the irradiation unit it is possible to perform spectroscopy with a half mirror and perform a difference of two wavelengths to detect difluoromethane.
- the refrigerant (difluoromethane) leaking from the air conditioner diffuses into the space near the side wall, so the target space is not near the ceiling but on the side wall. It becomes a space along. If the air conditioner is a floor-standing type, the target space will be a space near the floor surface.
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Abstract
Description
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲、
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲、
3316~3318(nm)の第5波長範囲、および
9034~9130(nm)の第6波長範囲、
のいずれかの波長範囲にある。
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲、
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲、
3316~3318(nm)の第5波長範囲、および
9034~9130(nm)の第6波長範囲、
のいずれかの波長範囲にある。検出部は、
第1光の所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号と、
第1光の所定波長の2倍波位相敏感検波信号、又は、第1光の所定波長の4倍波位相敏感検波信号、と、
に基づいて、対象空間に存在するジフルオロメタンを検出する。
第1光の所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号と、第1光の所定波長の2倍波位相敏感検波信号との比、
又は、
第1光の所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号と、第1光の所定波長の4倍波位相敏感検波信号との比、
に基づいて、対象空間に存在するジフルオロメタンの濃度を演算する。
オフィスやホテル、商業施設などの建物では、天井設置型の空調室内機が配備されることが多い。この空調室内機の本体は、天井裏に設置され、空調室内機の吹出口や吸込口は、天井に形成された開口に配置される。すると、空調室内機の熱交換器や冷媒配管の亀裂箇所や緩んだ接続箇所から冷媒であるジフルオロメタンが漏洩した場合には、空調室内機の内部から吹出口や吸込口を通って室内の上部空間にジフルオロメタンが拡散する。室内の上部空間で且つ空調室内機の下方の空間に漏洩したジフルオロメタンが拡散した状態として、例えば、冷媒漏洩時には、その空間におけるジフルオロメタンの濃度が高くなっている状態が想定される。
図1に、漏洩ガス検出システムを示す。漏洩ガス検出システムは、天井設置型の空気調和機90と、ガス検出装置10と、を備えている。空気調和機90は、冷媒としてジフルオロメタン(R32)が流れる熱交換器91と、その熱交換器91を収容するケーシング92と、を有する。ガス検出装置10は、空気調和機90から対象空間RMに漏洩するジフルオロメタンを検出する。対象空間RMは、空気調和機90が設置される部屋の室内空間であり、天井CE、側壁、床FLに囲まれた空間である。
図2に示すガス検出装置10は、レーザーセンシング技術を基礎としたガス検出装置であって、本体12と、照射部13と、集光筒14と、を備えている。
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲、および
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲
以外の波長帯域の、近赤外線(700~2500(nm))である。
漏洩ガス検出システムでは、オフィス等の建物内の部屋の天井CEに設置された空気調和機90から冷媒(ジフルオロメタン)が漏れていないかどうか、サービスパーソンが携帯する可搬のガス検出装置10によって調べる。サービスパーソンは、天井CE付近の空気調和機90の下方空間をガス検出の対象空間RM(図1参照)と判断し、その対象空間RMに向けてレーザー光(第1光IR11および第2光IR12)を照射する。
本願の発明者は、これまで詳細がわかっていなかった波長範囲におけるジフルオロメタンの吸収波長帯の存在を、最新の高い分解能を持つ機器によって試験を繰り返すことによって認識するに至っている。
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、5.5×10-22cm2、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、1.4×10-21cm2、
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、9.8×10-21cm2、
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、3.2×10-21cm2、
3316~3318(nm)の第5波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、7.5×10-19cm2、
9034~9130(nm)の第6波長範囲では、吸収断面積が、2.0×10-18cm2。
(6-1)
上述のように、本願の発明者は、試験を繰り返し行うことによって、今まで認識されていなかった波長範囲(1600nm~2500nm)においてもジフルオロメタンの吸収波長が存在することを見出した。そして、上記の実施形態に係るガス検出装置10では、第1光IR11の波長を1659~1673(nm)にセットし、遠隔の対象空間RMに存在するジフルオロメタンの検出を可能にしている。
ガス検出装置10では、第1光IR11の波長を、近赤外線(波長が700~2500(nm)の電磁波)の波長領域に含まれる1659~1673(nm)にセットしている。このため、中赤外線(2500~4000(nm))や遠赤外線(4000(nm)以上)を選択する場合に比べて、熱ノイズ除去のための冷却を省略あるいは簡略化することができる。これにより、製造コストが下がり、また、冷却装置の起動から安定に至るまでの時間による利便性の悪化を抑制することができる。
ガス検出装置10では、対象空間RMを挟んで照射部13と反対側にある物体(空気調和機90や天井CEなど)によって反射又は散乱した光、を受光部21で受光する。このため、照射部13と受光部21とを近接させることができ、ガス検出装置10が持ち運びやすいものになっている。
一般に、建物の建材や構造物の吸光波長は、PP(ポリプロピレン)、PS(ポリスチレン)、ABS(アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン)、AS(アクリロニトリル・スチレン)などの場合には3μm近傍の帯域等にあり、PS(ポリスチレン)や天井面の紙、木材などの場合には9μm近傍の帯域等にある。仮に、ガス検出装置から照射する赤外線の波長を、3μm近傍あるいは9μm近傍の帯域等から選択したとすれば、建材や構造物の吸収波長と一致、又は、吸収断面積がジフルオロメタンのガスと比較して十分小さくないと、建材や構造物による吸光によってジフルオロメタンのガスが存在すると誤って認識してしまう恐れがある。
上記の漏洩ガス検出システムでは、空気調和機90から対象空間RMに漏洩したジフルオロメタンを検出するときに、ガス検出装置10を用いるが、上述のとおり、ガス検出装置10の照射部13は、第1光IR11および第2光IR12を対象空間RMに対して照射する。その後、対象空間RMを通過した第1光(反射光IR21)および第2光(反射光IR22)を受光部21で受光する。したがって、仮に、空気調和機90のケーシング92の外面の赤外線吸収率が大きいと、第1光IR11の多くが空気調和機90のケーシング92に吸収されてしまい、受光部21における受光量が減ってしまう。
(7-1)変形例1A
上記のガス検出装置10では、第1光IR11に含まれる赤外線の所定波長を、1659~1673(nm)の波長範囲にセットしている。
上記のガス検出装置10では、第1光IR11に含まれる赤外線の所定波長を、1659~1673(nm)の波長範囲にセットしている。
上記のガス検出装置10では、第1光IR11に含まれる赤外線の所定波長を、1659~1673(nm)の波長範囲にセットしている。
上記のガス検出装置10では、照射部13が第1光IR11および第2光IR12を照射する構成を採っている。
上述の変形例1Bや変形例1Cのように、第1光として照射部から中赤外線あるいは遠赤外線を照射する場合には、ガス検出装置に波長変換部を更に配備することが好ましい。波長変換部によって反射又は散乱した光を波長変換し、波長変換された光を受光部で受光するように構成すれば、熱ノイズ対策を簡易化することができる。
上記のガス検出装置10では、照射部13が第1光IR11および第2光IR12を照射する構成を採っている。
上記の漏洩ガス検出システムでは、空気調和機90の周辺の空間を対象空間RMとして、そこにガス検出装置10の照射部13からの照射を行っている。
以上、ガス検出装置および漏洩ガス検出システムの実施形態を説明したが、特許請求の範囲に記載された本開示の趣旨及び範囲から逸脱することなく、形態や詳細の多様な変更が可能なことが理解されるであろう。
13 照射部
14 集光筒(集光レンズ、望遠鏡)
21 受光部
22 検出部
22a 演算部
90 空気調和機
91 熱交換器
92 ケーシング
IR11 第1光
IR12 第2光
IR21 反射光(物体によって反射又は散乱した光)
IR22 反射光(物体によって反射又は散乱した光)
RM 対象空間
Claims (10)
- 離れた対象空間に存在するジフルオロメタンを検出するガス検出装置(10)であって、
所定波長の光が吸収されることを利用して、前記ジフルオロメタンを検出する検出部(22)、
を備え、
前記所定波長は、
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲、
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲、
3316~3318(nm)の第5波長範囲、および
9034~9130(nm)の第6波長範囲、
のいずれかの波長範囲にある、ガス検出装置。 - 前記所定波長の赤外線を含む第1光(IR11)と、前記第1光とは異なる第2光(IR12)と、を前記対象空間(RM)に対して照射する、照射部(13)と、
前記対象空間を通過した前記第1光(IR21)および前記第2光(IR22)を受光する、受光部(21)と、
をさらに備え、
前記検出部は、前記受光部が受光した前記第1光および前記第2光に基づいて、前記対象空間に存在する前記ジフルオロメタンを検出する、
請求項1に記載のガス検出装置。 - 前記検出部は、演算部を有し、
前記演算部は、
前記受光部が受光した前記第1光および前記第2光の差分、
に基づいて、前記対象空間に存在する前記ジフルオロメタンの濃度を演算する、
請求項2に記載のガス検出装置。 - 離れた対象空間に存在するジフルオロメタンを検出するガス検出装置であって、
電流変調によって所定波長の赤外線を含んで発信波長を変調した第1光を、対象空間に対して照射する、照射部と、
前記対象空間を通過した前記第1光を受光する、受光部と、
前記受光部が受光した前記第1光に基づいて、前記対象空間に存在する前記ジフルオロメタンを検出する、検出部と、
を備え、
前記所定波長は、
1659~1673(nm)の第1波長範囲、
1724~1726(nm)の第2波長範囲
2218~2221(nm)の第3波長範囲、
2463~2466(nm)の第4波長範囲、
3316~3318(nm)の第5波長範囲、および
9034~9130(nm)の第6波長範囲、
のいずれかの波長範囲にあり、
前記検出部は、
前記第1光の前記所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号、
および、
前記第1光の前記所定波長の2倍波位相敏感検波信号、又は、前記第1光の前記所定波長の4倍波位相敏感検波信号、
に基づいて、前記対象空間に存在する前記ジフルオロメタンを検出する、
ガス検出装置。 - 前記検出部は、演算部を有し、
前記演算部は、
前記第1光の所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号と、前記第1光の所定波長の2倍波位相敏感検波信号との比、
又は、
前記第1光の所定波長の基本波位相敏感検波信号と、前記第1光の所定波長の4倍波位相敏感検波信号との比、
に基づいて、前記対象空間に存在する前記ジフルオロメタンの濃度を演算する、
請求項4に記載のガス検出装置。 - 前記所定波長は、前記第1波長範囲、前記第2波長範囲、前記第3波長範囲、および前記第4波長範囲、のいずれかの波長範囲にあり、
前記受光部は、前記対象空間を挟んで前記照射部と反対側にある物体によって反射又は散乱した光を受光する、
請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載のガス検出装置。 - 前記所定波長は、前記第4波長範囲、又は、前記第5波長範囲、の波長範囲にあり、
前記受光部に受光される光を波長変換する、波長変換部、
をさらに備える、請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載のガス検出装置。 - 前記所定波長は、前記第1波長範囲、前記第2波長範囲、および前記第3波長範囲、のいずれかの波長範囲にある、
請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載のガス検出装置。 - 前記受光部に受光される光を通す、集光レンズ又は望遠鏡(14)、
をさらに備える、請求項2から8のいずれか1項に記載のガス検出装置。 - 冷媒として前記ジフルオロメタンが流れる熱交換器(91)と、前記熱交換器を収容するケーシング(92)とを有する、空気調和機(90)と、
前記空気調和機から前記対象空間に漏洩する前記ジフルオロメタンを検出する、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載のガス検出装置と、
を備え、
前記ケーシングの外面のうち、少なくとも前記対象空間に面する部分は、前記ジフルオロメタンよりも前記赤外線の吸収率が低い、
漏洩ガス検出システム。
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- 2020-10-28 JP JP2020180465A patent/JP7114832B2/ja active Active
- 2020-10-29 EP EP20882466.4A patent/EP4053543B1/en active Active
- 2020-10-29 ES ES20882466T patent/ES2972089T3/es active Active
- 2020-10-29 US US17/772,064 patent/US20220373457A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-29 WO PCT/JP2020/040668 patent/WO2021085543A1/ja unknown
- 2020-10-29 AU AU2020373988A patent/AU2020373988B2/en active Active
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FR3136279A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-08 | Thales | Système de détection de fuite de fluide de refroidissement dans un équipement électronique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2972089T3 (es) | 2024-06-11 |
JP2021071483A (ja) | 2021-05-06 |
CN114616456A (zh) | 2022-06-10 |
EP4053543A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
JP7114832B2 (ja) | 2022-08-09 |
AU2020373988A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
EP4053543B1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
EP4053543A4 (en) | 2022-12-07 |
US20220373457A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
AU2020373988B2 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
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