WO2021082454A1 - 夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法 - Google Patents

夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082454A1
WO2021082454A1 PCT/CN2020/095061 CN2020095061W WO2021082454A1 WO 2021082454 A1 WO2021082454 A1 WO 2021082454A1 CN 2020095061 W CN2020095061 W CN 2020095061W WO 2021082454 A1 WO2021082454 A1 WO 2021082454A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
clamping member
clamping
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/095061
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李延慧
彭亮
Original Assignee
新疆金风科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 新疆金风科技股份有限公司
Priority to CA3155917A priority Critical patent/CA3155917A1/en
Priority to AU2020374439A priority patent/AU2020374439B2/en
Priority to EP20882454.0A priority patent/EP4037165A4/en
Publication of WO2021082454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082454A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/14—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/16—Centering rotors within the stator; Balancing rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a method for assembling a clamping assembly and a permanent magnet motor.
  • the rotor of a permanent magnet motor usually adopts a surface-mounted magnetic pole unit, and multiple magnetic pole units are arranged in rows along the circumferential direction of the rotor yoke, so that there is a large magnetic attraction force at the predetermined air gap between the rotor and the stator, which increases the assembly of the motor. difficult.
  • the stator and rotor need to be segmented and then transported. After segmentation, there is also a large predetermined air gap between the stator segment and the rotor segment. Magnetic attraction increases the difficulty and cost of transportation.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a clamping assembly and a method for assembling a permanent magnet motor.
  • the clamping assembly can be used to fix the stator and the rotor during assembly, so as to avoid the influence of the magnetic attraction between the stator and the rotor on the air gap of the motor.
  • this application proposes a clamping assembly, which is used to fix the stator and the rotor of a permanent magnet motor.
  • the clamping assembly includes: a first clamping member that connects the stator and the rotor along one side of the permanent magnet motor in the axial direction.
  • this application also proposes a first clamping member for fixing the stator and rotor of the permanent magnet motor along one side of the permanent magnet motor in the axial direction.
  • the first clamping member includes: a body part arranged as a column Body structure, the body part has a first end and a second end opposite to each other along its own axial direction; the flange part is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the body part corresponding to the first end, and the first clamping member is connected to the rotor support through the flange part ;
  • the connecting portion is provided at the second end, and the first clamping member is connected to the stator through the connecting portion.
  • this application also proposes a second clamping member for fixing the stator and rotor of the permanent magnet motor along the axial side of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the second clamping member includes: a main body part; a first fixing part connected to the main body part, the first fixing part is a plate, and the clamping member is connected to the rotor bracket of the rotor through the first fixing part; Part, connected with the main body part, the second fixing part is a plate that is parallel to the first fixing part and spaced apart, and the clamping member is connected to the stator through the second fixing part.
  • this application also proposes a method for assembling a permanent magnet motor, which includes: a preliminary step: providing a stator and a rotor; a pre-assembly step: using any of the aforementioned clamping assemblies or the first clamping The component or the second clamping component pre-assembles the stator of the stator and the rotor support of the rotor, so that a predetermined air gap is maintained between the stator and the rotor in the radial direction; the assembly steps: provide a main shaft, the main shaft includes a coaxially arranged fixed shaft, rotating The shaft and the bearing arranged between the fixed shaft and the rotating shaft fix the stator to the fixed shaft, and the rotor to the rotating shaft, so that the rotor is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the stator, or the stator is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotor; release step : Release the restriction on the movement between the stator and the rotor by the first clamping member and
  • the present application provides a clamping assembly and a permanent magnet motor assembly method.
  • the stator and the rotor are pre-assembled coaxially with the aid of the first clamping member and/or the second clamping member, so that the stator and the rotor are aligned along the diameter.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet motor provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 1 with the main shaft removed;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 1 with the main shaft removed;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 2 along the A-A direction;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first clamping member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 3 along the B-B direction;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second clamping member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial exploded structure diagram of a stator segment and a rotor segment of a large-diameter permanent magnet motor provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the main shaft of the permanent magnet motor in the method of assembling the permanent magnet motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for assembling a permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 1.
  • 1-first clamping member 11-body part; 111-opening; 112-bottom; 11a-first end; 11b-second end; 12-flange part; 121-first positioning hole; 13-connection part 131-first surface; 132-second surface; 133-second positioning hole;
  • 2-second clamping member 21-first fixing part; 211-fourth positioning hole; 22-second fixing part; 221-third positioning hole; 223-third surface; 224-fourth surface; 23- The main body; 231-weight reduction groove.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a clamping assembly for fixing the stator S and the rotor R of a permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet motor can have an inner stator and an outer rotor structure, that is, the rotor R is arranged along the outer circumference of the stator S, and the permanent magnet motor can also have an inner rotor and an outer stator structure, that is, the stator S is arranged along the outer circumference of the rotor R.
  • Ring in this application refers to the diameter direction of the permanent magnet motor, that is, the diameter direction of the stator and rotor
  • axial refers to the direction of the rotation axis of the permanent magnet motor
  • circumferential refers to the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet motor.
  • this application uses a permanent magnet motor with an inner stator and an outer rotor structure as an example for description.
  • stator core of the stator S and the magnetic pole module of the rotor R maintain a predetermined air gap in the radial direction, there is a large magnetic flux at the predetermined air gap, which accounts for about 80% of the total magnetic flux, and the static magnetic attraction is the square of the magnetic flux It is directly proportional, resulting in a larger magnetic attraction at the predetermined air gap, which increases the difficulty of assembling the motor.
  • the magnetic attraction between the stator and the rotor can reach several tons. Therefore, for the transportation and final transportation of the fully assembled or partially assembled stator and rotor
  • the positioning device in a single form and single position is often not enough. The positioning requirement is not deformed, and multiple types of fixing devices at different positions need to be installed to ensure such positioning requirements from multiple aspects.
  • the present application provides a coordinated action of positioning devices at multiple positions in various structural forms to jointly ensure the fixed positioning of the stator and rotor of a large-scale motor before normal operation.
  • the clamping device provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • the assembly includes: a first clamping member 1 and a second clamping member 2.
  • the first clamping member 1 connects the stator S and the rotor R to the rotor support R1 along the axial side of the permanent magnet motor. Specifically, the first clamping member 1 is disposed inside an air gap formed between the stator S and the rotor R in the radial direction, and restricts the mutual relationship between the stator S and the rotor R in the radial, axial, and circumferential directions. movement.
  • the second clamping member 2 connects the stator S and the rotor R1 along the other side in the axial direction of the permanent magnet motor. Specifically, the second clamping member 2 is provided in the vicinity of the air gap formed between the stator S and the rotor R in the radial direction, and restricts the gap between the stator S and the rotor R in the radial, axial, and circumferential directions. Mutual movement.
  • At least two first clamping members 1 and at least two second clamping members 2 are respectively distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator S and the rotor R, and are preferably evenly spaced.
  • At least two first clamping members 1 or at least two second clamping members 2 connect the stator S with the rotor R1 of the rotor R on one side in the axial direction, or at least two first clamping members 1 and at least two The two second clamping members 2 respectively connect the stator S and the rotor support R1 of the rotor R on both sides in the axial direction, which can ensure that a predetermined air gap is maintained in the radial direction between the stator core of the stator S and the magnetic pole module of the rotor R.
  • the power requirements of permanent magnet motors are provided.
  • stator S and the rotor R are coaxially pre-assembled by means of the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2, so that the stator S and the rotor R are arranged in a radial direction.
  • the predetermined air gap is maintained to avoid the influence of the magnetic attraction between the stator S and the rotor R on the air gap, and the convenience of assembling the motor is improved.
  • first clamping member 1 and the second clamping member 2 will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • the first clamping member 1 is made of low carbon steel, ductile iron, cast steel and other steel materials after welding or casting and machining. It includes: body part 11, method Lan part 12 and connecting part 13.
  • the main body portion 11 is arranged in a cylindrical structure, and the main body portion 11 has a first end 11a and a second end 11b arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction thereof.
  • the flange portion 12 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 11 corresponding to the first end 11 a, and the first clamping member 1 is connected to the rotor bracket R1 through the flange portion 12.
  • the connecting portion 13 is provided at the second end 11 b, and the first clamping member 1 is connected to the stator S through the connecting portion 13.
  • the main body 11 is a hollow cylinder with a receiving cavity
  • the first end 11a is provided with an opening 111 communicating with the receiving cavity
  • the second end 11b is provided with a bottom 112 forming the receiving cavity
  • the connecting portion 13 is formed by The bottom 112 protrudes outward in the axial direction.
  • the flange portion 12 is provided with a plurality of first positioning holes 121 along the circumferential direction, the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 11 has a first diameter D1, and the rotor bracket R1 is provided with a mounting hole having a first diameter D1 R11, the body portion 11 extends into the mounting hole R11, the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 11 and the mounting hole R11 of the rotor bracket R1 have high machining accuracy, and the two are in clearance fit.
  • the flange portion 12 is connected to the rotor bracket through the first positioning hole 121 R1 connection.
  • the connecting portion 13 includes a first surface 131 and a second surface 132 oppositely disposed.
  • the connecting portion 13 is also provided with a second positioning hole 133 along the axial direction.
  • the first surface 131 is an inwardly concave curved surface with a second diameter D2.
  • the stator S is provided with a first mounting surface S11 with a second diameter D2.
  • the first clamping member 1 passes through the first surface 131 with higher processing accuracy. It is matched with the first mounting surface S11, and is connected to the stator S through the second positioning hole 133.
  • the second surface 132 is an arc-shaped surface that protrudes outward and has a second diameter D2.
  • the first clamping member 1 is installed with the first through the second surface 132
  • the surface S11 is matched and connected to the stator S through the second positioning hole 133.
  • the maximum length L1 of the first clamping member 1 in the axial direction is equal to the installation distance between the stator S and the rotor support R1 in the axial direction.
  • the maximum length L1 of the first clamping member 1 in the axial direction is the distance between the end surface of the flange portion 12 and the end surface of the connecting portion 13, which has high processing accuracy, so that the first clamping member 1 runs along the stator
  • the axial side of S connects the stator S and the rotor support R1, and the first clamping member 1 bears the magnetic attraction between the stator S and the rotor R, so that the stator S and the rotor R are in the axial, radial and circumferential directions.
  • the fixed air gap between the two is kept constant along the radial direction, which avoids the influence of the magnetic attraction between the stator S and the rotor R on the air gap, and improves the convenience of assembling the motor.
  • the first clamping member 1 is only used when assembling the stator S and the rotor R of the permanent magnet motor to ensure that the air gap between the stator S and the rotor R is not affected by the magnetic attraction force. After the permanent magnet motor is assembled, the movement restriction of the first clamping member 1 on the stator S and the rotor R can be released. For example, the first clamping member 1 can be moved, rotated, or flipped to other positions of the stator to satisfy the permanent magnet Requirements for the use of the motor. When the permanent magnet motor is subsequently disassembled for maintenance and then assembled again, the first clamping member 1 can be reinstalled to a position capable of connecting the stator S and the rotor R, so as to facilitate the assembly of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the second clamping member 2 is made of low carbon steel, ductile iron, cast steel and other steel materials welded or machined after casting. It includes: a main body 23, a second A fixed portion 21 and a second fixed portion 22.
  • the main body portion 23 is provided with a weight reduction groove 231.
  • the first fixing portion 21 is connected to the main body portion 23, the first fixing portion 21 is a plate, and the second clamping member 2 is connected to the rotor support R1 of the rotor R through the first fixing portion 21.
  • the second fixing portion 22 is connected to the main body portion 23, the second fixing portion 22 is a plate that is parallel to the first fixing portion 21 and spaced apart, and the second clamping member 2 is connected to the stator S through the second fixing portion 22.
  • the second fixing portion 22 includes a third surface 223 and a fourth surface 224 disposed opposite to each other.
  • the second fixing portion 22 is also provided with a third positioning hole 221.
  • the third surface 223 is inwardly recessed and has a third diameter D3.
  • the stator S is provided with a second mounting surface S12 with a third diameter D3.
  • the second clamping member 2 passes through a The third surface 223 cooperates with the second mounting surface S12 and is connected to the stator S through the third positioning hole 221.
  • the fourth surface 224 is an arc-shaped surface that protrudes outward and has a third diameter D3.
  • the second clamping member 2 passes through the first with higher processing accuracy.
  • the four surfaces 224 are matched with the second mounting surface S12 and connected to the stator S through the third positioning hole 221.
  • the first fixing portion 21 is provided with a fourth positioning hole 211, and the first fixing portion 21 is connected to the rotor support R1 through the fourth positioning hole 211.
  • the maximum separation distance L2 between the first fixing portion 21 and the second fixing portion 22 is equal to the axial installation distance between the stator S and the rotor support R1.
  • the maximum separation distance L2 between the first fixing portion 21 and the second fixing portion 22 has a high machining accuracy, so that the second clamping member 2 connects the stator S and the rotor support R1 along the other side of the stator S in the axial direction.
  • the second clamping member 2 bears the magnetic attraction force between the stator S and the rotor R, thereby realizing the fixation of the stator S and the rotor R in the axial, radial and circumferential directions, and the two maintain a constant predetermined air gap in the radial direction. Therefore, the influence of the magnetic attraction between the stator S and the rotor R on the air gap is avoided, and the convenience of assembling the motor is improved.
  • the second clamping member 2 is only used when assembling the stator S and the rotor R of the permanent magnet motor to ensure that the air gap between the stator S and the rotor R is not affected by magnetic attraction.
  • the movement restriction of the second clamping member 2 on the stator S and the rotor R can be released.
  • the second clamping member 2 can be moved, rotated, or flipped to other positions of the stator to satisfy the permanent magnet Requirements for the use of the motor.
  • the second clamping member 2 can be reinstalled to a position capable of connecting the stator S and the rotor R, so as to facilitate the assembly of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the diameter of permanent magnet motors is getting larger and larger, so as to exceed the requirement of road transportation limit. For example, if the diameter exceeds 5m, it is necessary to combine the stator and rotor. Transport after segmentation.
  • the stator S includes two or more stator segments S'arranged in circumferential direction
  • the rotor R includes two or more rotor segments R'arranged in the circumferential direction
  • the stator segment S' is the same as the rotor segment R'.
  • the shafts are arranged to form a segment module M, wherein the number of stator segments S'and rotor segment R'can be the same, for example, both are 6, or they can be different, for example, the number of stator segments S'is 3, and the number of rotor segments R' The number is 6.
  • stator segment S'and the rotor segment R in the segment module M can be connected by the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2 in the clamping assembly. 'Fixed', the clamping assembly bears the magnetic attraction between the stator segment S'and the rotor segment R', so that the segment module M remains stationary in the axial, radial and circumferential directions, and the air gap in the radial direction is constant.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for assembling a permanent magnet motor, which includes:
  • Preliminary step S1 Provide the stator S and the rotor R.
  • Pre-assembly step S2 pre-assemble the stator S and the rotor bracket R1 of the rotor R by means of the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2 in the clamping assembly as described above, so that the stator S and the rotor A predetermined air gap is maintained between R in the radial direction.
  • stator S and the rotor R are fixedly connected by the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2, the stator S and the rotor R can be coaxially assembled, so that the stator S and the rotor R Maintain a predetermined gap in the radial direction.
  • Assembly step S3 Provide a main shaft SF.
  • the main shaft SF includes a coaxially arranged fixed shaft SF1, a rotating shaft SF2, and a bearing SF3 arranged between the fixed shaft SF1 and the rotating shaft SF2.
  • the stator S is fixed to the fixed shaft SF1 and the rotor R is fixed.
  • the rotor R is sleeved on the outer circumferential side of the stator S, or the stator S is sleeved on the outer circumferential side of the rotor R.
  • a fixed shaft flange SF4 is provided on the outer circumference of the fixed shaft SF1, a first stator flange S1 is provided on the stator S, and the fixed shaft flange SF4 is connected with the first stator flange S1 to fix the stator S to the fixed shaft SF1 .
  • a rotating shaft flange SF5 is provided on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft SF2
  • a first rotor flange R2 is provided on the rotor R
  • the rotating shaft flange SF5 is connected to the first rotor method.
  • the flange R2 is connected to fix the rotor R to the rotating shaft SF2.
  • Release step S4 release the movement restriction between the stator S and the rotor R by the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2.
  • the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2 can be moved, rotated or turned to other positions of the stator to release the first clamping member 1 and /Or the second clamping member 2 restricts the movement between the stator S and the rotor R to meet the requirements of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the second clamping member 2 can be reinstalled to a position capable of connecting the stator S and the rotor R, so as to facilitate the assembly of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the first clamping member 1 or the second clamping member 2 can also be directly removed to realize the normal operation of the motor after the entire motor is assembled.
  • the stator S and the rotor support R1 are connected through the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2 in the clamping assembly, and the clamping assembly receives the stator S and the rotor support R1.
  • the magnetic attraction between the rotor R realizes the fixation of the stator S and the rotor R in the axial, radial and circumferential directions, and the two maintain a constant predetermined air gap in the radial direction, avoiding the gap between the stator S and the rotor R
  • the influence of magnetic attraction on the air gap improves the convenience of assembling the motor.
  • the preliminary step S1 includes:
  • Step S11 Segment the stator S into two or more stator segments S'in the circumferential direction.
  • Step S12 The rotor R is divided into two or more rotor segments R'along the circumferential direction.
  • the large-diameter stator S and the rotor support of the rotor R can be segmented by laser cutting after the processing site is completed.
  • the number of stator segments S' is the same as the number of rotor segments R' ,
  • the arcs of the two are equal.
  • the maximum chord length of the section module M is smaller than the road transportation limit, which is convenient for transportation from the processing site to the assembly site by means of transportation.
  • the pre-installation step S2 includes:
  • Step S21 Assemble the stator segment S'and the rotor segment R'coaxially with the aid of the first clamping member 1 and/or the second clamping member 2 to form a segment module M, and the stator segment S'and the rotor segment R' Maintain a predetermined air gap in the radial direction;
  • Step S22 Splicing two or more segment modules M along the circumferential direction to form a complete stator S and rotor R.
  • stator segment S'in the segment module M is an arc-shaped structure, and each stator segment S'can be provided with a second stator flange S2 on the end faces of the two ends along the circumferential direction, and the adjacent stator segments S'pass through the second stator flange S2.
  • the stator flanges S2 are connected to each other in the circumferential direction, thereby assembling a complete stator S.
  • the rotor support segment of the rotor segment R'in the segment module M is an arc-shaped structure, and the end faces of each rotor support segment along the circumferential direction can be respectively provided with a second rotor flange R3,
  • the adjacent rotor support segments are connected to each other in the circumferential direction by the second rotor flange R3, so that two or more rotor segments R can be assembled into a complete rotor R in the circumferential direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法，该夹持组件用于固定永磁电机的定子和转子，其包括：第一夹持构件，沿永磁电机的轴向一侧连接定子与转子的转子支架；第二夹持构件，沿永磁电机的轴向另一侧连接定子与转子的转子支架；其中，至少两个第一夹持构件和至少两个第二夹持构件分别沿定子及转子的周向分布。该夹持组件中的第一夹持构件和/或第二夹持构件可以在运输时用于固定定子与转子，避免定子与转子之间的磁吸力对电机气隙的影响，提高了组装永磁电机的便利性。

Description

夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年10月28日提交的名称为“夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法”的中国专利申请201911033454.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，特别是涉及一种夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法。
背景技术
永磁电机的转子通常采用表贴式磁极单元，多个磁极单元沿转子磁轭的周向成列排布，使得转子与定子之间的预定气隙处存在较大的磁吸力，增加了组装电机的困难。尤其对于大直径的电机，为满足道路运输限值的需求，例如不能超过5m，需要将定子和转子分段后再运输，分段后定子段和转子段的预定气隙处也存在较大的磁吸力，增加了运输难度和成本。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法，该夹持组件可以在组装时用于固定定子与转子，避免定子与转子之间的磁吸力对电机气隙的影响。
一方面，本申请提出了一种夹持组件，其用于固定永磁电机的定子和转子，该夹持组件包括：第一夹持构件，沿永磁电机的轴向一侧连接定子与转子的转子支架；第二夹持构件，沿永磁电机的轴向另一侧连接定子与转子的转子支架；其中，至少两个第一夹持构件和至少两个第二夹持构件分别沿定子及转子的周向分布。
另一方面，本申请还提出了一种第一夹持构件，用于沿永磁电机的轴向一侧固定永磁电机的定子和转子，第一夹持构件包括：本体部，设置为柱体结构，本体部沿自身轴向具有相对设置的第一端和第二端；法兰部，对应于第一端设置于本体部的外周面，第一夹持构件通过法兰部连接转子支架；连接部，设置于第二端，第一夹持构件通过连接部连接定子。
另一方面，本申请还提出了一种第二夹持构件，用于沿永磁电机的轴向一侧固定永磁电机的定子和转子，该轴向一侧与如前所述的轴向一侧相对设置，第二夹持构件包括：主体部；第一固定部，与主体部连接，第一固定部为板件，夹持构件通过第一固定部连接转子的转子支架；第二固定部，与主体部连接，第二固定部为与第一固定部平行且间隔设置的板件，夹持构件通过第二固定部连接定子。
另一方面，本申请还提出了一种永磁电机的装配方法，其包括：预备步骤：提供定子和转子；预装步骤：借助如前所述的任一种夹持组件或者第一夹持构件或者第二夹持构件将定子的定子与转子的转子支架预装，以使定子与转子之间沿径向保持预定气隙；组装步骤：提供主轴，主轴包括同轴设置的固定轴、转动轴以及设置于固定轴与转动轴之间的轴承，将定子固定至固定轴，转子固定至转动轴，以使转子套设于定子的外周侧，或者定子套设于转子的外周侧；解除步骤：解除第一夹持构件和/或第二夹持构件对定子和转子之间的运动限制。
本申请提供的一种夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法，通过借助第一夹持构件和/或第二夹持构件将定子与转子同轴预装，以使定子与转子之间沿径向保持预定气隙，避免定子与转子之间的磁吸力对气隙的影响，提高了组装电机的便利性。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式的描述中可以更好地理解本申请，其中，通过阅读以下参照附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述， 本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的特征。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种永磁电机的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的永磁电机去掉主轴后的俯视结构示意图；
图3是图1所示的永磁电机去掉主轴后的后视结构示意图；
图4是图2所示的永磁电机沿A-A方向的剖视结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种第一夹持构件的结构示意图；
图6是图3所示的永磁电机沿B-B方向的剖视结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种第二夹持构件的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种大直径永磁电机的定子段与转子段的局部分解结构示意图；
图9是图1所示的永磁电机的装配方法中永磁电机的主轴的结构示意图。
图10是图1所示的一种永磁电机的装配方法的流程框图示意图。
附图标记说明：
S-定子；S11-第一安装面；S12-第二安装面；S’-定子段；M-区段模块；S1-第一定子法兰；S2-第二定子法兰；
R-转子；R1-转子支架；R’-转子段；R11-安装孔；R2-第一转子法兰；R3-第二转子法兰；
SF-主轴；SF1-固定轴；SF2-转动轴；SF3-轴承；SF4-固定轴法兰；SF5-转动轴法兰；
1-第一夹持构件；11-本体部；111-开口；112-底部；11a-第一端；11b-第二端；12-法兰部；121-第一定位孔；13-连接部；131-第一表面；132-第二表面；133-第二定位孔；
2-第二夹持构件；21-第一固定部；211-第四定位孔；22-第二固定部；221-第三定位孔；223-第三表面；224-第四表面；23-主体部；231-减重槽。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。下面的详 细描述中公开了许多具体细节，以便全面理解本申请。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说，很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素和部件的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
为了更好地理解本申请，下面结合图1至图10对本申请实施例提供的一种夹持组件及永磁电机的装配方法进行详细描述。
请一并参阅图1至图3，本申请实施例提供了一种夹持组件，用于固定永磁电机的定子S和转子R。永磁电机可以为内定子、外转子的结构，即转子R沿定子S的外周设置，永磁电机也可以是内转子、外定子结构，即定子S沿转子R的外周设置。本申请中的“径向”指永磁电机的直径方向，也就是定子和转子的直径方向，“轴向”指永磁电机旋转轴的方向，“周向”指永磁电机的圆周方向。为了便于描述，本申请以内定子、外转子结构的永磁电机为例进行说明。
由于定子S的定子铁芯与转子R的磁极模块之间沿径向保持预定气隙，该预定气隙处存在较大的磁通量，约占总磁通量的80％，而静态磁吸力与磁通量的平方成正比，导致预定气隙处具有较大的磁吸力，增加了组装电机的困难。
对于大型电机而言，尤其是兆瓦级别的风力发电机，定子和转子之间的磁吸力可以达到数吨级的大小，因此，对于全部组装完成或部分组装完成的定子与转子的运输及最后的安装，要保证在电机正常运转前保持预定的气隙而不影响正常的运转，需要定制牢固的定位装置，并且经过反复研究和仿真计算，单一形式单一位置处的定位装置往往满足不了这样的定位不变形需求，需要设置多种形式的多个不同位置处的固定装置，从多个方面保障这样的定位需求。
为了克服上述问题，本申请提供了多种结构形式的多个位置处的定位装置协同作用，共同保障大型电机定、转子在正常运行前的固定定位，优 选地，本申请实施例提供的夹持组件包括：第一夹持构件1和第二夹持构件2。
第一夹持构件1沿永磁电机的轴向一侧连接定子S与转子R的转子支架R1。具体来说，第一夹持构件1设置于定子S与转子R之间沿径向形成的气隙内侧，并且在径向、轴向以及周向方向上限制定子S与转子R之间的相互运动。
第二夹持构件2沿永磁电机的轴向另一侧连接定子S与转子R的转子支架R1。具体来说，第二夹持构件2设置于定子S与转子R之间沿径向形成的气隙附近区域，并且在径向、轴向以及周向方向上限制定子S与转子R之间的相互运动。
其中，至少两个第一夹持构件1和至少两个第二夹持构件2分别沿定子S及转子R的周向分布，并且优选为均匀间隔分布。
至少两个第一夹持构件1或者至少两个第二夹持构件2沿轴向的一侧连接定子S与转子R的转子支架R1，或者，至少两个第一夹持构件1和至少两个第二夹持构件2沿轴向的两侧分别连接定子S与转子R的转子支架R1，可以确保定子S的定子铁芯与转子R的磁极模块之间沿径向保持预定气隙，满足永磁电机的功率需求。
本申请实施例提供的夹持组件，通过借助第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2将定子S与转子R同轴预装，以使定子S与转子R之间沿径向保持预定气隙，避免定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力对气隙的影响，提高了组装电机的便利性。
下面结合附图详细说明第一夹持构件1与第二夹持构件2的具体结构。
请一并参阅图2、图4及图5，第一夹持构件1由低碳钢、球墨铸铁、铸钢等钢铁材料焊接或铸造后经机械加工而成，其包括：本体部11、法兰部12及连接部13。
其中，本体部11设置为柱体结构，本体部11沿自身轴向具有相对设置的第一端11a和第二端11b。
法兰部12对应于第一端11a设置于本体部11的外周面，第一夹持构件1通过法兰部12连接转子支架R1。
连接部13设置于第二端11b，第一夹持构件1通过连接部13连接定子S。
进一步地，为了减轻重量，本体部11为具有容纳腔的空心柱体，第一端11a设置有与容纳腔连通的开口111，第二端11b设置有形成容纳腔的底部112，连接部13由底部112沿轴向向外凸出设置。
具体来说，法兰部12沿周向设置有第一定位孔121，数量为多个，本体部11的外周面具有第一直径D1，转子支架R1上设置有具有第一直径D1的安装孔R11，本体部11伸入安装孔R11，本体部11的外周面与转子支架R1的安装孔R11具有较高的加工精度，二者间隙配合，法兰部12通过第一定位孔121与转子支架R1连接。
连接部13包括相对设置的第一表面131和第二表面132，连接部13沿轴向还设置有第二定位孔133，第一表面131为向内凹陷且具有第二直径D2的弧形面，定子S设置有具有第二直径D2的第一安装面S11，对于具有内定子、外转子结构的永磁电机来说，第一夹持构件1通过具有较高的加工精度的第一表面131与第一安装面S11配合，并通过第二定位孔133与定子S连接。
第二表面132为向外凸出且具有第二直径D2的弧形面，对于具有内转子、外定子结构的永磁电机来说，第一夹持构件1通过第二表面132与第一安装面S11配合，并通过第二定位孔133与定子S连接。
进一步地，第一夹持构件1沿轴向的最大长度L1等于定子S与转子支架R1之间沿轴向的安装距离。其中，第一夹持构件1沿轴向的最大长度L1即为法兰部12的端面与连接部13的端面之间的距离，具有较高的加工精度，从而第一夹持构件1沿定子S的轴向一侧连接定子S与转子支架R1，由第一夹持构件1承受定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力，从而实现了定子S与转子R在轴向、径向以及圆周方向的固定，且二者沿径向保持恒定的预定气隙，避免定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力对气隙的影响，提高了组装电机的便利性。
需要说明的是，第一夹持构件1仅在组装永磁电机的定子S与转子R时使用，以确保定子S与转子R之间的气隙不受磁吸力的影响。当永磁电 机组装完毕后，可以解除第一夹持构件1对定子S与转子R的运动限制，例如可以将第一夹持构件1移动、转动或者翻转至定子的其它位置，以满足永磁电机的使用要求。当永磁电机后续拆卸维护后再次组装时，可以将第一夹持构件1再次安装至能够连接定子S与转子R的位置，以便于组装永磁电机。
请一并参阅图3、图6及图7，第二夹持构件2由低碳钢、球墨铸铁、铸钢等钢铁材料焊接或铸造后经机械加工而成，其包括：主体部23、第一固定部21和第二固定部22。
为了减轻重量，主体部23设置有减重槽231。
第一固定部21与主体部23连接，第一固定部21为板件，第二夹持构件2通过第一固定部21连接转子R的转子支架R1。
第二固定部22与主体部23连接，第二固定部22为与第一固定部21平行且间隔设置的板件，第二夹持构件2通过第二固定部22连接定子S。
进一步地，第二固定部22包括相对设置的第三表面223和第四表面224，第二固定部22还设置有第三定位孔221，第三表面223为向内凹陷且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，定子S设置有具有第三直径D3的第二安装面S12，对于具有内定子、外转子结构的永磁电机来说，第二夹持构件2通过具有较高的加工精度的第三表面223与第二安装面S12配合，并通过第三定位孔221与定子S连接。
第四表面224为向外凸出且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，对于具有内转子、外定子结构的永磁电机来说，第二夹持构件2通过具有较高的加工精度的第四表面224与第二安装面S12配合，并通过第三定位孔221与定子S连接。
进一步地，第一固定部21设置有第四定位孔211，第一固定部21通过第四定位孔211与转子支架R1连接。
另外，第一固定部21与第二固定部22之间的最大间隔距离L2等于定子S与转子支架R1之间沿轴向的安装距离。第一固定部21与第二固定部22之间的最大间隔距离L2具有较高的加工精度，从而第二夹持构件2沿定子S的轴向另一侧连接定子S与转子支架R1，由第二夹持构件2承受定 子S与转子R之间的磁吸力，从而实现了定子S与转子R在轴向、径向以及圆周方向的固定，且二者沿径向保持恒定的预定气隙，避免定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力对气隙的影响，提高了组装电机的便利性。
需要说明的是，第二夹持构件2仅在组装永磁电机的定子S与转子R时使用，以确保定子S与转子R之间的气隙不受磁吸力的影响。当永磁电机组装完毕后，可以解除第二夹持构件2对定子S与转子R的运动限制，例如可以将第二夹持构件2移动、转动或者翻转至定子的其它位置，以满足永磁电机的使用要求。当永磁电机后续拆卸维护后再次组装时，可以将第二夹持构件2再次安装至能够连接定子S与转子R的位置，以便于组装永磁电机。
参阅图8，随着大功率永磁电机的使用需求越来越高，永磁电机的直径越来越大，以至于超过了道路运输限值的需求，例如直径超过5m，需要将定子和转子分段后再运输。例如，定子S包括沿周向分段设置的两个以上的定子段S’，转子R包括沿周向分段设置的两个以上的转子段R’，定子段S’与转子段R’同轴布置以形成区段模块M，其中，定子段S’与转子段R’的数量可以相同，例如均为6个，也可以不同，例如定子段S’的数量为3个，转子段R’的数量为6个。
为了降低运输及组装大直径永磁电机的难度，可以通过夹持组件中的第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2将区段模块M中的定子段S’与转子段R’固定，由夹持组件承受定子段S’与转子段R’之间的磁吸力，使区段模块M在轴向、径向以及周向上保持静止，且沿径向的气隙恒定。
请一并参阅图9和图10，本申请实施例还提供了一种永磁电机的装配方法，其包括：
预备步骤S1：提供定子S和转子R。
预装步骤S2：借助如前所述的夹持组件中的第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2将定子S与转子R的转子支架R1预装，以使定子S与转子R之间沿径向保持预定气隙。
由于定子S与转子R之间通过第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2固 定连接，则可以较容易地将定子S与转子R同轴装配，使得定子S与转子R之间沿径向保持预定间隙。
组装步骤S3：提供主轴SF，主轴SF包括同轴设置的固定轴SF1、转动轴SF2以及设置于固定轴SF1与转动轴SF2之间的轴承SF3，将定子S固定至固定轴SF1，转子R固定至转动轴SF1，以使转子R套设于定子S的外周侧，或者定子S套设于转子R的外周侧。
固定轴SF1的外周设置有固定轴法兰SF4，定子S上设置有第一定子法兰S1，固定轴法兰SF4与第一定子法兰S1连接，以将定子S固定至固定轴SF1。
以转动轴SF2套设于固定轴SF1的外周侧为例，转动轴SF2外周设置有转动轴法兰SF5，转子R上设置有第一转子法兰R2，转动轴法兰SF5与第一转子法兰R2连接，以将转子R固定至转动轴SF2。
解除步骤S4：解除第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2对定子S和转子R之间的运动限制。
如前所述，当永磁电机组装完毕后，可以将第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2移动、转动或者翻转至定子的其它位置，以解除第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2对定子S和转子R之间的运动限制，满足永磁电机的使用要求。当永磁电机后续拆卸维护后再次组装时，可以将第二夹持构件2再次安装至能够连接定子S与转子R的位置，以便于组装永磁电机。当然也可以直接拆除第一夹持构件1或第二夹持构件2，以实现装配完成整个电机后电机的正常运行。
本申请实施例提供的永磁电机的装配方法，通过夹持组件中的第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2连接定子S与转子支架R1，由夹持组件承受定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力，从而实现了定子S与转子R在轴向、径向以及圆周方向的固定，且二者沿径向保持恒定的预定气隙，避免定子S与转子R之间的磁吸力对气隙的影响，提高了组装电机的便利性。
如前所述，对于大直径永磁电机，为了满足道路运输限值的需求，需要将定子和转子分段后再运输。
则预备步骤S1包括：
步骤S11：将定子S沿周向分段为两个以上的定子段S’。
步骤S12：将转子R沿周向分段为两个以上的转子段R’。
如图8所示，大直径的定子S及转子R的转子支架在加工场地制作完毕后可以通过激光切割等方式分段，可选地，定子段S’的数量与转子段R’的数量相同，二者的弧度大小相等。区段模块M的最大弦长尺寸小于道路运输限值，便于通过运输工具从加工场地运输至组装现场。
进一步地，预装步骤S2包括：
步骤S21：借助第一夹持构件1和/或第二夹持构件2将定子段S’与转子段R’同轴组装以形成区段模块M，且定子段S’与转子段R’之间沿径向保持预定气隙；
步骤S22：将两个以上的区段模块M沿周向拼接，以形成完整的定子S和转子R。
区段模块M中的定子段S’为弧形结构体，每个定子段S’沿周向两端的端面上可以分别设置有第二定子法兰S2，相邻的定子段S’通过第二定子法兰S2沿周向相互连接，由此组装为完整的定子S。
与定子段S’类似，区段模块M中的转子段R’的转子支架段为弧形结构体，每个转子支架段沿周向两端的端面上可以分别设置有第二转子法兰R3，相邻的转子支架段通过第二转子法兰R3沿周向相互连接，由此两个以上转子段R可以沿周向组装为完整的转子R。
本领域技术人员应能理解，上述实施例均是示例性而非限制性的。在不同实施例中出现的不同技术特征可以进行组合，以取得有益效果。本领域技术人员在研究附图、说明书及权利要求书的基础上，应能理解并实现所揭示的实施例的其他变化的实施例。在权利要求书中，术语“包括”并不排除其他装置或步骤；物品没有使用数量词修饰时旨在包括一个/种或多个/种物品，并可以与“一个/种或多个/种物品”互换使用”；术语“第一”、“第二”用于标示名称而非用于表示任何特定的顺序。权利要求中的任何附图标记均不应被理解为对保护范围的限制。权利要求中出现的多个部分的功能可以由一个单独的硬件或软件模块来实现。某些技术特征出 现在不同的从属权利要求中并不意味着不能将这些技术特征进行组合以取得有益效果。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种夹持组件，用于固定永磁电机的定子和转子，其中，所述夹持组件包括：
    第一夹持构件，沿所述永磁电机的轴向一侧连接所述定子与所述转子的转子支架；
    第二夹持构件，沿所述永磁电机的轴向另一侧连接所述定子与所述转子的所述转子支架；
    其中，至少两个所述第一夹持构件和至少两个所述第二夹持构件分别沿所述定子及所述转子的周向分布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第一夹持构件设置于所述定子与所述转子之间沿径向形成的气隙内侧，并且在径向、轴向以及周向方向上限制所述定子与所述转子之间的相互运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第一夹持构件包括：
    本体部，设置为柱体结构，所述本体部沿自身轴向具有相对设置的第一端和第二端；
    法兰部，对应于所述第一端设置于所述本体部的外周面，所述第一夹持构件通过所述法兰部连接所述转子支架；
    连接部，设置于所述第二端，所述第一夹持构件通过所述连接部连接所述定子。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的夹持组件，其中，所述本体部为具有容纳腔的空心柱体，所述第一端设置有与所述容纳腔连通的开口，所述第二端设置有形成所述容纳腔的底部，所述连接部由所述底部沿轴向向外凸出设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的夹持组件，其中，所述法兰部沿周向设置有第一定位孔，所述本体部的外周面具有第一直径D1，所述转子支架上设置有具有所述第一直径D1的安装孔，所述本体部伸入所述安装孔，所述法兰部通过所述第一定位孔与所述转子支架连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4所述的夹持组件，其中，所述连接部包括相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面为向内凹陷且具有第二直径D2的弧形面，和/或，所述第二表面为向外凸出且具有所述第二直径D2的弧形面，所述连接部沿轴向还设置有第二定位孔，所述定子设置有具有所述第二直径D2的第一安装面，所述第一夹持构件通过所述第一表面或者所述第二表面与所述第一安装面配合，并通过所述第二定位孔与所述定子连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第一夹持构件沿轴向的最大长度L1等于所述定子与所述转子支架之间沿轴向的安装距离。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第二夹持构件设置于所述定子与所述转子之间沿径向形成的气隙附近区域，并且在径向、轴向以及周向方向上限制所述定子与所述转子之间的相互运动。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第二夹持构件包括：
    主体部；
    第一固定部，与所述主体部连接，第一固定部为板件，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第一固定部连接所述转子的转子支架；
    第二固定部，与所述主体部连接，所述第二固定部为与所述第一固定部平行且间隔设置的板件，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第二固定部连接所述定子。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第二固定部包括相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面为向内凹陷且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，和/或，所述第四表面为向外凸出且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，所述第二固定部还设置有第三定位孔，所述定子设置有具有所述第三直径D3的第二安装面(S12)，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第三表面或者所述第四表面与所述第二安装面(S12)配合，并通过所述第三定位孔与所述定子连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第一固定部设置有 第四定位孔，所述第一固定部通过所述第四定位孔与所述转子支架连接。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的夹持组件，其中，所述第一固定部与所述第二固定部之间的最大间隔距离L2等于所述定子与所述转子支架之间沿轴向的安装距离。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的夹持组件，其中，所述主体部设置有减重槽。
  14. 一种第一夹持构件，用于沿永磁电机的轴向一侧固定所述永磁电机的定子和转子，其中，所述第一夹持构件包括：
    本体部，设置为柱体结构，所述本体部沿自身轴向具有相对设置的第一端和第二端；
    法兰部，对应于所述第一端设置于所述本体部的外周面，所述第一夹持构件通过所述法兰部连接所述转子支架；
    连接部，设置于所述第二端，所述第一夹持构件通过所述连接部连接所述定子。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的第一夹持构件，其中，所述法兰部沿周向设置有第一定位孔，所述本体部的外周面具有第一直径D1，所述转子支架上设置有具有所述第一直径D1的安装孔，所述本体部伸入所述安装孔，所述法兰部通过所述第一定位孔与所述转子支架连接。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的第一夹持构件，其中，所述连接部包括相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面为向内凹陷且具有第二直径D2的弧形面，和/或，所述第二表面为向外凸出且具有所述第二直径D2的弧形面，所述连接部沿轴向还设置有第二定位孔，所述定子设置有具有所述第二直径D2的第一安装面，所述第一夹持构件通过所述第一表面或者所述第二表面与所述第一安装面配合，并通过所述第二定位孔与所述定子连接。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的第一夹持构件，其中，所述第一夹持构件 沿轴向的最大长度L1等于所述定子与所述转子支架之间沿轴向的安装距离。
  18. 一种第二夹持构件，用于沿永磁电机的轴向一侧固定所述永磁电机的定子和转子，该轴向一侧与权利要求14-17任一项所述的轴向一侧相对设置，其中，所述第二夹持构件包括：
    主体部；
    第一固定部，与所述主体部连接，第一固定部为板件，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第一固定部连接所述转子的转子支架；
    第二固定部，与所述主体部连接，所述第二固定部为与所述第一固定部平行且间隔设置的板件，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第二固定部连接所述定子。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的第二夹持构件，其中，所述第二固定部包括相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面为向内凹陷且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，和/或，所述第四表面为向外凸出且具有第三直径D3的弧形面，所述第二固定部还设置有第三定位孔，所述定子设置有具有所述第三直径D3的第二安装面(S12)，所述第二夹持构件通过所述第三表面或者所述第四表面与所述第二安装面(S12)配合，并通过所述第三定位孔与所述定子连接。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的第二夹持构件，其中，所述第一固定部与所述第二固定部之间的最大间隔距离L2等于所述定子与所述转子支架之间沿轴向的安装距离。
  21. 一种永磁电机的装配方法，包括：
    预备步骤：提供定子和转子；
    预装步骤：借助如权利要求1至13任一项所述的夹持组件或者如权利要求14至17任一项所述的第一夹持构件或者如权利要求18至20任一项所述的第二夹持构件，将所述定子与所述转子的转子支架预装，以使所述定子与所述转子之间沿径向保持预定气隙；
    组装步骤：提供主轴，所述主轴包括同轴设置的固定轴、转动轴以及设置于所述固定轴(SF1)与所述转动轴之间的轴承，将所述定子固定至所述固定轴，所述转子固定至所述转动轴，以使所述转子套设于所述定子的外周侧，或者所述定子套设于所述转子的外周侧；
    解除步骤：解除所述第一夹持构件和/或所述第二夹持构件对所述定子和所述转子之间的运动限制。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装配方法，其中，所述预备步骤还包括：
    将所述定子沿周向分段为两个以上的所述定子段；
    将所述转子沿周向分段为两个以上的所述转子段。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的装配方法，其中，所述预装步骤包括：
    借助所述第一夹持构件和/或所述第二夹持构件将所述定子段与所述转子段同轴组装以形成区段模块，且所述定子段与所述转子段之间沿径向保持预定气隙；
    将两个以上的所述区段模块沿周向拼接，以形成完整的所述定子和所述转子。
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