WO2021073881A1 - Procédé de mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires - Google Patents

Procédé de mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021073881A1
WO2021073881A1 PCT/EP2020/077447 EP2020077447W WO2021073881A1 WO 2021073881 A1 WO2021073881 A1 WO 2021073881A1 EP 2020077447 W EP2020077447 W EP 2020077447W WO 2021073881 A1 WO2021073881 A1 WO 2021073881A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
fuel
cell stack
fuel cells
anode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/077447
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helerson Kemmer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2021073881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073881A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04238—Depolarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04246—Short circuiting means for defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Hydrogen-based fuel cells are considered the basis for a mobility concept of the future, as they only emit water and enable fast refueling times.
  • Such fuel cells are electrochemical energy converters which are interconnected with a plurality of such electrochemical fuel cells to form a fuel cell stack in order to be able to provide a correspondingly high total voltage.
  • the starting materials hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (02) are converted into electrical energy, water (H20) and heat.
  • P EM fuel cells PEM: “proton exchange membrane”; proton exchange membrane
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • the electrochemical reactions of such fuel cells are typically catalyzed by platinum.
  • platinum particles can be applied to a porous carbon support.
  • FIG. la outlines an exemplary state of a fuel cell 100 with anode compartment 110, cathode compartment 130 and the membrane 120 during the start-up of the fuel cell 100.
  • both the anode compartment 110 and the cathode compartment 120 are filled with air (air / air startup).
  • hydrogen (h) is introduced into the air-filled anode space 110 directed.
  • a part 110a of an anode 110 of a fuel cell 100 upstream in the flow direction of the fuel is briefly filled with hydrogen, while a downstream part 110b continues to be filled with air.
  • FIG. 1b outlines a course 180 of an electrolyte potential resulting therefrom.
  • the cathode potential 160 and the anode potential 170 are also shown. Because of the hydrogen and air distribution described, there are high electrical potential differences U x between the cathode 110 and an electrolyte of the fuel cell 100. This can lead to carbon corrosion in the cathode catalyst layer. This degradation process lasts as long as the H2 / 02 gas front moves through the anode.
  • the RCD mechanism described always occurs when the cathode compartment is filled with air, while parts of the anode compartment are filled with hydrogen and other parts of the anode compartment are filled with oxygen.
  • a short circuit of the fuel cell stack is a method to reduce the degradation during the start and shutdown process.
  • the short circuit ensures that the shown in Figure la Cathode potential 160 and anode potential 170 fall on one another. This reduces the harmful potential increase U x .
  • the individual fuel cell voltage is not necessarily zero. Different fuel cell voltages arise, which add up to zero in total, but the individual voltage of individual fuel cells can lead to damage. Due to the short circuit of the fuel cell stack, a current flows through all cells. If some cells are insufficiently supplied with hydrogen (F), a “cell reversal” occurs. The short circuit thus prevents the “reverse current decay mechanism”, but the cell, which is also harmful, occurs reversally.
  • a method for putting a fuel cell stack into operation a method for stopping operation of a fuel cell stack, a mobile platform, and a computer program are proposed, which at least in part achieve the tasks described.
  • Advantageous configurations are the subject matter of the dependent claims and the following description.
  • a method for putting a fuel cell stack into operation, which has a plurality of fuel cells arranged next to one another in layers, each having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.
  • an electrical connection between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell is made at least part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack.
  • a fuel is introduced into an anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells.
  • an oxidizing agent is introduced into a cathode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells, the introduction into the respective cathode compartment beginning before filling of the respective anode compartment is completed in order to put the fuel cell stack into operation.
  • a closed electrical connection in particular a closed electrical connection between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, is an electrical connection through which an electrical current can flow.
  • an open electrical connection is a connection through which practically no electrical current can flow.
  • the anode must first be filled with hydrogen (H2) and then the cathode with air, before a start procedure can be initiated.
  • H2 hydrogen
  • the cathode with air
  • a start procedure can be initiated.
  • a sequential process and the presence of e.g. air in the anode a film of water is created at low ambient temperatures that can freeze.
  • the start of a fuel cell stack can fail, especially at low temperatures.
  • the ice cover of certain areas can also lead to local hydrogen poverty with associated degradation.
  • the parallelization of the anode filling and the starting procedure or the cathode filling ensures that the heat is generated immediately.
  • the oxidizing agent is introduced into a respective cathode compartment of the fuel cells before the filling of the anode compartment with the fuel is completed, ie due to a parallelization of the two method steps possible with this method, the other is also omitted Necessary air dilution of hydrogen released to the environment, since the dilution is ensured by parallelizing the two process steps.
  • the anode is filled in parallel to the start-up procedure.
  • the cell-specific short circuit ensures that if there is a simultaneous reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the anode space and between anode and cathode, the degradation of the fuel cell described is at least reduced, since the fuel cell potential of all fuel cells is zero.
  • a method for starting up a fuel cell stack in which the fuel cell stack has a plurality of fuel cells arranged next to one another in layers, each having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.
  • a first step of the method an electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack is closed.
  • a fuel is introduced into an anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells.
  • an oxidizing agent is introduced into a cathode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells, the introduction into the respective cathode compartment beginning before filling of the respective anode compartment is completed in order to put the fuel cell stack into operation.
  • the electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of at least part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack is a short-circuit connection.
  • the electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell at least a part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell Stacks is set up before the fuel is introduced into an anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells with a fuel.
  • the electrical connection of the fuel cell electrodes of the respective fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells is established during the introduction of the oxidizing agent into the cathode compartment of the respective fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells.
  • an established electrical connection means a closed electrical connection, which allows an electrical current to flow between the respective electrodes, i. H. allows the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of a respective fuel cell of the fuel cell stack.
  • a value of a short-circuit current, through the electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, of the respective fuel cells by an at least controlled amount of a flow of the oxidizing agent, through the cathode compartment of the respective fuel cell of the part of The majority of the fuel cells are limited when they are introduced into the respective cathode compartment.
  • This limitation of the short-circuit current advantageously enables controlled heating of the fuel cell stack by controlling or regulating an air flow in which the oxidizing agent oxygen is contained.
  • a temperature of the fuel cell stack is determined.
  • the electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack is opened, provided that the measured temperature of the fuel cell stack has exceeded a temperature setpoint, to normal operation of the fuel cell -Initiate stacks.
  • the introduction of a fuel into the anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells has the following steps: In one step of the method, a shut-off valve for introducing the fuel into the anode compartment of the respective fuel cell from at least the part of the plurality the fuel cells open. In a further step, an outlet valve for flushing the anode space of the respective fuel cell of at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells with the fuel is opened. In a further step, the outlet valve is closed as soon as a concentration of the fuel in the anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells corresponds to a specified value.
  • a method for ending an operation of a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells arranged next to one another in layers, each having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.
  • a supply of oxidizing agent is interrupted for a cathode compartment of the respective fuel cell of at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells in order to end the operation of the fuel cell stack.
  • the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of at least some of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack are connected to produce an electrical connection.
  • the supply of the oxidizing agent can be interrupted before the supply of the hydrogen is interrupted, so that a remainder of the oxidizing agent can react without this leading to a hydrogen deficiency.
  • a fuel cell stack is proposed which is set up to be put into operation in one step with the method described above for starting up a fuel cell stack, and in a further step with the method described above for ending operation of a fuel cell stack to be taken out of service.
  • the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell at least of the part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack are electrically connected by means of a multiple switch depending on a switching state of a set of switching states.
  • Such a multiple switch makes it possible to provide electrical connections of the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode individually for the fuel cells of a fuel cell stack.
  • the multiple switch has a first and at least one second switch position, and in the first switch position the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of at least part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack are set up, to be electrically connected to one another and, in the second switching position, to electrically isolate the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the part of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack from one another.
  • the method described above can be implemented with such a multiple switch.
  • the multiple switch has a plurality of switch positions and is set up, individually for each fuel cell, at least the part of the fuel cell stack, the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode, depending on the switch position of the plurality of Switching positions to be connected electrically to one another with different electrical resistances.
  • the possibility of a multiple switch configured in this way enables the transition, for example from the short-circuit position of the electrodes to an insulation position, via suitable gradations of the resistance values, ie by segmenting the resistance values, the electrical connection between the electrodes of the fuel cell can be opened and closed without creating an arc, which can lead to defects.
  • This advantageously also eliminates the need to open or close a cathode bypass, which would otherwise be necessary to reduce the current of the fuel cell for opening or closing the electrical connection of the electrodes by limiting the oxidizing agent.
  • the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell, at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells have an electrically conductive contact surface and the multiple switch is set up with a plurality of electrically conductive connecting elements mechanically the respective electrically to contact conductive contact surfaces in order to electrically connect the anode electrode to the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell, at least the part of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack.
  • Such a structure of the multiple switch results in a compact design, since no cabling or electrical connection to an external multiple switch is necessary.
  • the plurality of electrically conductive connecting elements of the multiple switch each have a number of different sectors, the different sectors, depending on the switch position of the plurality of switch positions of the multiple switch, the electrically conductive contact surface of the anode electrode and the cathode - Electrode of the respective fuel cell mechanically contact at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells, and the number of different sectors are set up, the electrically conductive contact surface of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell at least the part of the plurality of fuel cells electrically with different to connect electrical resistors together.
  • a multiple switch can be set up that implements electrical connections with the properties described above individually for the fuel cells of a fuel cell stack.
  • a mobile platform is proposed which has a fuel cell stack and is set up to carry out one of the methods described above.
  • a computer program which comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out one of the methods described above.
  • Such a computer program enables the described method to be used in different systems.
  • a machine-readable storage medium is proposed on which the computer program described above is stored.
  • a mobile platform can be an at least partially automated system that is mobile and / or a driver assistance system.
  • An example can be an at least partially automated vehicle or a vehicle with a driver assistance system. That is, in this context, an at least partially automated system includes a mobile platform with regard to an at least partially automated functionality, but a mobile platform also includes vehicles and other mobile machines including driver assistance systems.
  • Further examples of mobile platforms can be driver assistance systems with several sensors, mobile multi-sensor robots such as robotic vacuum cleaners or lawn mowers, a multi-sensor monitoring system, a production machine, an aircraft, a ship, a drone, a personal assistant or an access control system. Each of these systems can be a fully or partially autonomous system.
  • Figure la shows a sketch of a degradation mechanism of a fuel cell
  • FIG. 1b shows a sketch of the potential increase when a fuel cell is put into operation
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for putting a fuel cell stack into operation
  • FIG. 3 shows a sequence of a start procedure for putting a fuel cell stack into operation
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of anode filling of a fuel cell
  • FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell with a multiple switch
  • FIG. 6 shows a connecting element of a multiple switch
  • FIG. 7 shows a system for operating a fuel cell stack.
  • FIG. 2 outlines a sequence 200 for putting a fuel cell stack into operation.
  • anode filling S2 and a starting procedure S3 are carried out in parallel before the fuel cell stack is operated normally S4.
  • FIG. 3 outlines, with a flow chart 300, a sequence of the start procedure S3 of a fuel cell stack 514 described in FIG. 2.
  • a first step S21 an electrical connection between the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode of the fuel cell stack 514 is closed, so that a current can flow between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the fuel cell stack 514.
  • the oxidizing agent which can be, for example, the oxygen contained in the air, is introduced into the cathode compartment of at least part of the plurality of fuel cells.
  • Method step S 23 checks whether the temperature of the fuel cell stack has exceeded a temperature setpoint. If the temperature of the fuel cell stack has exceeded the temperature setpoint, normal operation of the fuel cell stack can be initiated in method step S24 by opening the electrical connection of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the fuel cell stack 514 so that there is no electrical connection between the two electrodes and electrical energy can be drawn from the fuel cells or the fuel cell stack 514.
  • FIG. 4 outlines with the flow chart 400 the anode filling S2 of the fuel cell stack 514 described in FIG. 2, which is carried out parallel to the start procedure S3.
  • the fuel is introduced into the anode compartment of the respective fuel cell of the fuel cell stack 514 by opening the tank or anode shut-off valve and the purge and drain valve.
  • the method step S32 it is checked whether the The fuel concentration in the anode compartment of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 514 is sufficient. If the fuel concentration in the anode compartment of the fuel cell is sufficiently high, the purge and drain valve is closed in method step S33 in order to be able to switch to normal operation of the fuel cell stack 514.
  • a system consisting of a fuel cell stack 514 with a multiple switch 520 is outlined, the fuel cell stack 514 having a plurality of fuel cells arranged in layers next to one another and each of the fuel cells each having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode Having removal of the electrical current.
  • the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 514 can optionally be electrically connected by means of a multiple switch 520.
  • the multiple switch 520 can have a plurality of switch positions and is set up to electrically connect the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode to each other individually for each fuel cell of the fuel cell stack 514, depending on a switch position of the plurality of switch positions, electrically with different electrical resistances connect.
  • the current through the electrical connection is limited depending on the value of the electrical resistance.
  • the optional electrical connection means that the multiple switch 520 is set up to selectively close or open an electrical contact. I. E. to enable an electrical current flow between electrodes with a closed electrical contact or to prevent an electrical current flow in the case of an open electrical contact.
  • the fuel cell stack has a number of electrically conductive contact surfaces 600. Since the fuel cells are arranged in layers next to one another and are in electrical contact with one another, one contact 512 of a so-called bipolar plate is sufficient in each case to establish electrical contact with an anode electrode of a fuel cell and a cathode electrode of the respective adjacent fuel cell.
  • the multiple switch 520 is set up to mechanically contact the respective electrically conductive contact surfaces 512 with a plurality of electrically conductive connecting elements 600 in order to electrically connect the anode electrode to the cathode electrode of the respective fuel cell of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack 514.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the plurality of electrically conductive connecting elements 600 of the multiple switch 520 each have a number of different sectors 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, and the different sectors 610, 620, 630, 640, 650 make mechanical contact , depending on the switch position of the plurality of switch positions of the multiple switch 520, the electrically conductive contact surface 512 of the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode.
  • the different switching positions of the multiple switch 520 can be described by an angle Phi, which characterizes the position of the different sectors 610, 620, 630, 640, 650 of the connecting element 600 in relation to the contact surfaces 512.
  • the respective anode electrode and the respective cathode electrode can Electrode with different electrical resistances are connected to each other.
  • FIG. 7 shows a system topology 700 for operating a fuel cell stack in accordance with at least some aspects of the methods described above.
  • the fuel cell stack has a cathode side 714 with a cathode-side power connection 718 and an anode side 712 with an anode-side power connection 716 of the fuel cell stack.
  • air is passed as cathode gas from the environment via an air filter 721 in order to filter harmful particles and in particular harmful chemical compounds from the air.
  • a cathode gas flow of the filtered air is fed to a heat exchanger and / or humidifier 723 by means of a cathode gas compressor 722, which is driven by a motor.
  • a controllable bypass valve 724 an excess in the cathode gas flow after the compressor 722 can be passed directly to the environment via a valve 725.
  • the compressed air of the cathode gas is enriched with water so that a membrane of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack does not dry out as a result of the compressed air supplied.
  • the air enriched with water by means of the heat exchanger and / or humidifier 723 is conducted to the cathode side 714 of the fuel cell stack.
  • the air of the cathode gas flow which is passed through an electrode space on the cathode side 714 of the fuel cell stack, is caused by the electrocatalytic reaction of, for example, a fuel such as hydrogen with an oxidizing agent such as that contained in the air Oxygen enriched with product water.
  • a coolant is conducted downstream of the fuel cell stack via a cooler 732 in order to be able to give off heat to an environment.
  • the coolant can be guided by means of a three-way valve via a bypass line of the cooler 732 in order to be able to achieve faster heating of the fuel cell stack in a start-up phase without the cooling effect of the cooler 732.
  • the coolant is fed to the fuel cell stack for cooling by means of a coolant pump 731. The cooling circuit is thus closed.
  • a supply of the fuel to the anode 712 of the fuel cell stack is ensured downstream of the fuel cell stack by means of a hydrogen tank 741, which is fed to the anode side 712 of the fuel cell stack via a shut-off valve 742 and a pressure regulator 743 by means of a jet pump 744.
  • An excess of the fuel can be fed back to the jet pump 744 via the circulation pump 745 from an outlet on the anode side 712.
  • the gas from the anode outlet of the fuel cell can be supplied to the fuel cell via a water separator 747 and a water container 748, controlled by a drain valve 749 via the exhaust air valve 725 Environment.
  • the gas from the outlet of the anode 712 of the fuel cell stack can also be emitted to the surroundings of the fuel cell stack via a purge valve 746 and the exhaust air valve 725 in order to start up the fuel cell stack.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (200) pour la mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires (514) qui a une pluralité de cellules élémentaires disposées en couches les unes à côté des autres, qui ont chacune une électrode d'anode et une électrode de cathode, comprenant les étapes consistant à : réaliser une connexion électrique (S21) pour l'électrode d'anode et l'électrode de cathode de chacune d'au moins une partie de la pluralité de cellules élémentaires dans l'empilement de cellules élémentaires; introduire un combustible (S31) dans une zone d'anode de chacune d'au moins une partie de la pluralité de cellules élémentaires; introduire un oxydant (S22) dans une zone de cathode de chacune d'au moins une partie de la pluralité de cellules élémentaires, l'introduction dans chaque zone de cathode commençant avant le remplissage de la zone d'anode respective étant achevée, afin de mettre en service l'empilement de cellules élémentaires (514).
PCT/EP2020/077447 2019-10-16 2020-10-01 Procédé de mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires WO2021073881A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019215895.1 2019-10-16
DE102019215895.1A DE102019215895A1 (de) 2019-10-16 2019-10-16 Verfahren zum Inbetriebsetzen eines Brennstoffzellen-Stack

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021073881A1 true WO2021073881A1 (fr) 2021-04-22

Family

ID=72852596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2020/077447 WO2021073881A1 (fr) 2019-10-16 2020-10-01 Procédé de mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102019215895A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021073881A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021208315A1 (de) 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Steuergerät
DE102021208312A1 (de) 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Steuergerät
DE102022128711A1 (de) 2022-10-28 2024-05-08 MTU Aero Engines AG Flugzeug-Brennstoffzellen-Antrieb

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090263696A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Shutdown operations for a sealed anode fuel cell system
US20150064509A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2015-03-05 Hydrogenics Corporation Fuel cell start up method
DE102013226028A1 (de) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Erhöhung der Lebensdauer von Brennstoffzellen durch zellenindividuellen Kurzschluss
US20170352904A1 (en) * 2014-12-08 2017-12-07 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell assembly and associated method of operation

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3895960B2 (ja) * 2001-10-03 2007-03-22 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池スタック
US6913845B2 (en) * 2002-10-28 2005-07-05 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Reducing fuel cell cathode potential during startup and shutdown
US7927752B2 (en) * 2007-03-09 2011-04-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Individual cell shorting during startup and shutdown using an integrated switch
AT512622B1 (de) * 2012-02-15 2016-09-15 Fronius Int Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer brennstoffzelleneinheit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090263696A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Shutdown operations for a sealed anode fuel cell system
US20150064509A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2015-03-05 Hydrogenics Corporation Fuel cell start up method
DE102013226028A1 (de) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Erhöhung der Lebensdauer von Brennstoffzellen durch zellenindividuellen Kurzschluss
US20170352904A1 (en) * 2014-12-08 2017-12-07 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell assembly and associated method of operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019215895A1 (de) 2021-04-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE10295887B4 (de) Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit einer Anodenabgas-Rückführungsschleife
DE102014210511B4 (de) Brennstoffzellenverwaltungsverfahren
WO2021073881A1 (fr) Procédé de mise en service d'un empilement de cellules élémentaires
DE102019123562B4 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102004060564B4 (de) Anhalteverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem und Brennstoffzellensystem
DE112008003004B4 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zur Verringerung des Stroms derselben
DE102009023882B4 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum zuverlässigen Starten desselben
DE102014201558A1 (de) Startverfahren eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE112008003145T5 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102011014969B4 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems in einem Standby-Modus
DE102004033169B4 (de) Hochfahrbetriebsverfahren einer Brennstoffzelle bei niedriger Temperatur
DE102021115086B3 (de) Verfahren zur Regeneration einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
DE102015119150B4 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Brennstoffzelle
DE102019215900A1 (de) Verfahren zum Inbetriebsetzen eines Brennstoffzellen-Stack
EP3963652B1 (fr) Procédé de démarrage d'un dispositif de piles à combustible dans des conditions de démarrage en cas de gel ainsi que dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule à moteur
DE102019215899A1 (de) Brennstoffzellen-Stack für einen Betrieb in zumindest zwei Leistungsbereichen
DE102019128422A1 (de) Verfahren zum Neustart einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung nach einem vorherigen Abstellen, Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102020107200A1 (de) Anzeigevorrichtung, Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Boosten eines solchen
DE102020102692A1 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems sowie Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102020100599A1 (de) Verfahren für einen Froststart eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen
DE102010047504A1 (de) Verfahren zur Durchführung einer adaptiven Spannungsunterdrückung eines Brennstoffzellenstapels auf der Basis von Stapelparametern
DE102008041225A1 (de) Brennstoffzelle sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben
EP4193406B1 (fr) Procédé d'opération d'un dispositif de pile à combustible, dispositif de pile à combustible et véhicule avec dispositif de pile à combustible
DE102020113325A1 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
DE102020125932A1 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem und Betriebsverfahren für reduzierten Brennstoff-Partialdruck im Anodenkreis sowie Fahrzeug mit einem solchen Brennstoffzellensystem

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20790199

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20790199

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1