WO2021072481A1 - Fantôme d'étalonnage d'accélérateur linéaire médical - Google Patents

Fantôme d'étalonnage d'accélérateur linéaire médical Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021072481A1
WO2021072481A1 PCT/AU2020/051046 AU2020051046W WO2021072481A1 WO 2021072481 A1 WO2021072481 A1 WO 2021072481A1 AU 2020051046 W AU2020051046 W AU 2020051046W WO 2021072481 A1 WO2021072481 A1 WO 2021072481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
linear accelerator
base plate
phantom
calibration phantom
isocenter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2020/051046
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael George MASTERS
Original Assignee
Biline Calibrations
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2019903868A external-priority patent/AU2019903868A0/en
Application filed by Biline Calibrations filed Critical Biline Calibrations
Publication of WO2021072481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021072481A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1075—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for testing, calibrating, or quality assurance of the radiation treatment apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/582—Calibration
    • A61B6/583—Calibration using calibration phantoms
    • A61B6/584—Calibration using calibration phantoms determining position of components of the apparatus or device using images of the phantom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1075—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for testing, calibrating, or quality assurance of the radiation treatment apparatus
    • A61N2005/1076—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for testing, calibrating, or quality assurance of the radiation treatment apparatus using a dummy object placed in the radiation field, e.g. phantom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/32—Transforming X-rays

Definitions

  • This invention relates broadly to the field of medical linear accelerators, and more specifically to a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom and an associated method of calibrating a medical linear accelerator.
  • a linear particle accelerator (often shortened to 'linac') is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline.
  • Linacs have many applications, for example they generate X-rays and high energy electrons for medicinal purposes in radiation therapy, serve as particle injectors for higher-energy accelerators, and are used directly to achieve the highest kinetic energy for light particles for particle physics.
  • the accurate measurement and calibration of a radiation isocenter is critical and will ultimately impact the quality of radiation therapy, especially high-precision techniques, such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).
  • SRS stereotactic radiosurgery
  • SBRT stereotactic body radiation therapy
  • the radiation isocenter is generally the point in space through which the central rays of the radiation beams pass
  • the mechanical isocenter of a linac is defined as a virtual point at which the rotation axes of gantry, collimator, and treatment table intersect in an ideal condition, and is generally assumed to be within a virtual sphere in space due to mechanical limitations.
  • neither AAPM TG report provides guidance of quantifying the congruence of the radiation isocenters for different energy modes.
  • the radiation isocenter of each energy mode can be within 1 mm from mechanical isocenter, in compliance with the TG-142(2) recommendation, but the relative distance among radiation isocenters can still be uncertain.
  • the projected light field image which emanates from the treatment head of a linear accelerator is a visual representation of where the focus of the radiation will be present during treatment.
  • the accuracy of the targeting of this projected image is dependent on the calibration accuracy of the projected crosswire and the scale of the image.
  • an imaging phantom is a specially designed object that is scanned or imaged in the field of optical and/or imaging instruments to evaluate, analyse, and tune the performance of such an imaging device.
  • a phantom is generally more readily available and provides more consistent results than trail-and- error or the use of, for example, a living subject or cadaver, and likewise avoids subjecting a living subject to direct risk.
  • Applicant has identified a shortcoming in the art of medical linear accelerators for accurately quantifying and configuring the accuracy and setup of the mechanical isocenter of a medical linear accelerator, generally determined by the treatment support system, with the radiation isocenter, as determined by an optical system.
  • the current invention was conceived with this shortcoming in mind.
  • reference herein to the 'radiation isocenter' of a linear accelerator may refer to a coincidence between the actual radiation isocenter and a light field or light field image projected by the linear accelerator, said coincidence calibrated during manufacture, assembly, installation and/or commissioning of a linear accelerator.
  • a projected light field or light field image facilitates in alignment and placement of a treatment area of a patient, being in the visible spectrum, whereas the radiation focused on the radiation isocenter is generally invisible.
  • a projected light field or light field image may be referred to as, or used interchangeably with, a radiation isocenter, context depending.
  • a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom comprising : a base plate operatively mountable proximate a mechanical isocenter of said linear accelerator and including first and second linear displacement sensors; an X-axis slider slidably arranged on the base plate and having an X-axis reticle, said X-axis slider associated with the first linear displacement sensor; a Y-axis slider slidably arranged on the base plate perpendicular to the X-axis slider and having a Y-axis reticle, said Y-axis slider associated with the second linear displacement sensor; wherein said reticles complementarily form an X- and Y-axes displaceable crosshair, a position of which is determinable via the displacement sensors, a light field indicative of a radiation isocenter of the linear accelerator sightable by the crosshair in order to determine incongruence between the mechanical and said radiation isocenters of the linear accelerator .
  • the skilled addressee is to appreciate that misalignment or incongruence of the radiation and mechanical isocenters of the linear accelerator leads to radiation being directed elsewhere than anticipated, i.e. the radiation is expected at a particular position relative to a treatment support platform of the linear accelerator, but such incongruence leads to the radiation not being directed where expected.
  • the radiation isocenter of the linear accelerator is sightable by the crosshair by means of sighting a projected crosswire and/or a projected light field image, indicative of such radiation isocenter, allowing calibration relative to rotation axes of a gantry, collimator, and treatment table (treatment support platform) of the linear accelerator .
  • the base plate is operatively mountable proximate a mechanical isocenter via mounting on a treatment support platform of the accelerator.
  • the base plate comprises feet for securing the phantom to the treatment support platform, such as suction cup feet or similar support.
  • the phantom includes mountings for mounting the base plate proximate the mechanical isocenter.
  • the displacement sensors comprise linear encoders using the Vernier principle of interpolation.
  • the base plate defines a viewing window wherein the crosshair is displaceable.
  • X-axis slider defines a viewing window which complementarily aligns with the viewing window of the base plate.
  • Y-axis slider defines a viewing window which complementarily aligns with the viewing window of the base plate.
  • each displacement sensor comprises a digital display for displaying a position of the crosshair from a virtual centre of the viewing window.
  • the sliders comprise slidable plates arranged on the base plate.
  • each slider comprises an adjustment screw, dial or knob configured to selectively displace or adjust said slider in order to facilitate sighting of the radiation isocenter via the displaceable crosshair in a controllable manner.
  • the reticles each comprise a straight- line reticle arranged along a relevant X or Y axis.
  • each reticle is arranged within a viewing window of a respective slider, the perpendicularly-arranged sliders forming the crosshair within complementarily aligned viewing windows.
  • the phantom comprises a camera configured to monitor an incidence of the radiation isocenter and/or projected light field of the linear accelerator.
  • the camera includes an incidence surface on which the radiation isocenter and/or projected light field of the linear accelerator is operatively incident, said incidence surface monitored by the camera.
  • a method of calibrating a medical linear accelerator comprising the steps of: mounting, proximate a mechanical isocenter of the linear accelerator, a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom comprising a base plate and first and second linear displacement sensors; an X-axis slider slidably arranged on the base plate and having an X-axis reticle, said X-axis slider associated with the first linear displacement sensor; a Y-axis slider slidably arranged on the base plate perpendicular to the X-axis slider and having a Y-axis reticle, said Y-axis slider associated with the second linear displacement sensor; wherein said reticles complementarily form an X- and Y-axes displaceable crosshair, a position of which is determinable via the displacement sensors; and sighting a projected crosswire and/or a projected light field image, indicative of a radiation isocenter, produced by the linear accelerator with the cross
  • the method includes a step of correcting incongruence between the mechanical and radiation isocenters by means of suitable adjustment.
  • a method of calibrating a medical linear accelerator comprising the steps of: providing a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom in accordance with the first aspect of the invention; and determining incongruence between a mechanical and a radiation isocenter of the linear accelerator by means of such phantom.
  • a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom and an associated method of calibrating a medical linear accelerator substantially as herein described and/or illustrated.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective-view representation of a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic top-view representation of the phantom of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is diagrammatic perspective-view representation of a medical linear accelerator having the calibration phantom of Figure 1 mounted to a treatment support platform thereof;
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic exploded perspective-view representation of the phantom of Figure 1, showing the constituent parts in accordance with one embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic exploded perspective-view representation of a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic perspective-view representation of the phantom of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is diagrammatic top-view representation of the phantom of Figure 5.
  • Figures 8 to 11 are diagrammatic perspective-view representations of example mountings for mounting the calibration phantom of the present invention to a treatment support platform of a linear accelerator.
  • the phantom 10 generally comprises a base plate 12 operatively mountable proximate a mechanical isocenter of said linear accelerator 8 and includes first and second linear displacement sensors 14 and 16.
  • Phantom 10 further includes an X-axis slider 18 which is slidably arranged on the base plate 12 and has an X-axis reticle 20.
  • the X-axis slider 18 is associated with the first linear displacement sensor 14.
  • the Y-axis slider 22 is slidably arranged on the base plate 12 perpendicular to the X-axis slider 18 and has a Y-axis reticle 24, said Y-axis slider 22 in turn associated with the second linear displacement sensor 26.
  • each slider 18 and 22 also additionally comprises an adjustment screw, dial or knob 44 configured to selectively displace or adjust said slider 18 or 22 in order to facilitate sighting of the light field or light field image, indicative of a radiation isocenter, via the displaceable crosshair 26, as described below, in a controllable manner.
  • adjustment of the crosshair 26 may require small and precise displacement of the sliders 18 and 22 which is facilitated via use of appropriate adjustment screws 44, or the like.
  • the reticles 20 and 24 of the sliders 18 and 22 are able to complementarily form an X- and Y-axes displaceable crosshair 26, a position of which is determinable via the displacement sensors 14 and 16, so that a light field indicative of a radiation isocenter of the linear accelerator 8 is sightable by the crosshair 26, in use, in order to determine any problematic incongruence between the mechanical and radiation isocenters of the linear accelerator 8.
  • the sliders 18 and 22 may be arranged at a different angle to each other, requirements depending, a different adjustment technique may be used, or the like.
  • the base plate 12 may be operatively mountable proximate a mechanical isocenter via mounting on a treatment support platform 28 of the accelerator 8.
  • the base plate comprises feet 30 for securing the phantom 10 to the treatment support platform 28.
  • the feet comprise suction cup feet, but other styles of feet 30 are possible, requirements depending.
  • the phantom 10 includes mountings 32 for mounting the base plate 12 proximate the mechanical isocenter at a desired or predetermined position.
  • such mountings 32 may allow mounting at a certain height above or distal from a patient treatment table of the linear accelerator, or the like.
  • the mechanical isocenter generally comprises a virtual point at which rotation axes of a gantry, collimator, and treatment table of the linear accelerator 8 intersect, said position or location of the virtual point being known.
  • mountings 32 may be configured to mount the phantom 10 to such gantry, collimator, and/or treatment table, requirements depending.
  • the displacement sensors 14 and 16 comprise linear encoders using the Vernier principle of interpolation.
  • Each displacement sensor 14 and 16 also comprises a digital display 36 for displaying a position of the crosshair 26 from a virtual centre of the viewing window 34, depending on where such Vernier sensors were 'zeroed', or the like.
  • the base plate 12 generally defines a viewing window 34 wherein the crosshair 26 is displaceable.
  • both X-axis slider 18 and Y-axis slider 22 define a complementary viewing window 34 which aligns with the viewing window of the base plate 12 when the sliders 18 and 22 are in position on the base plate 12.
  • the viewing window 34 may be formed from an L-shaped base plate, or a U- shaped base plate, or the like, i.e. the viewing window need not be round, but provides a frame wherein the crosshair 26 is displaceable via sliding of the sliders 18 and 22.
  • the reticles 20 and 24 each comprise a straight-line reticle arranged along a relevant X or Y axis, as shown.
  • Each reticle 20 and 24 is generally arranged within a viewing window 34 of a respective slider 18 and 22, so that the perpendicularly-arranged sliders form the crosshair 26 within such complementarily aligned viewing windows.
  • other styles or configurations of the reticles 20 and 24 are possible, as will be appreciated by the skilled addressee.
  • the sliders 18 and 22 comprise slidable plates arranged on the base plate 12, as shown.
  • the base plate 12 includes a pair of slider guides on either side of each slider 18 and 22 and configured to support and guide each respective slider therebetween, as shown.
  • variations hereon are possible, e.g. guiding slots or tracks, etc.
  • the phantom 10 comprises a camera base 40 for a camera 38 which is operatively configured to monitor an incidence of the radiation isocenter and/or projected light field of the linear accelerator 8.
  • the camera 38 may include an incidence surface 42 on which the radiation isocenter and/or projected light field of the linear accelerator is operatively incident, said incidence surface monitored by the camera 38.
  • One example features a USB camera, as is known in the art.
  • the present invention further includes an associated method of calibrating a medical linear accelerator 8.
  • a method broadly comprises the steps of providing a medical linear accelerator calibration phantom 10, as described herein, and determining incongruence between a mechanical and a radiation isocenter of the linear accelerator 8 by means of such phantom 10.
  • the method includes a step of correcting any incongruence between the mechanical and radiation isocenters by means of suitable adjustment, as will be appreciated by the skilled addressee.
  • the general purpose of the phantom 10 is to assist with (and accurately quantify) the accuracy and setup of the mechanical isocenter of the medical linear accelerator 8, the treatment support system 28 and the optical system of the linear accelerator 8, i.e. the radiation isocenter established thereby.
  • Intended users of phantom 10 include installation and/or commissioning staff, breakdown and maintenance staff, medical physics and quality assurance staff and the machine users themselves (radiation therapists).
  • the invention provides a means by which the crosshair 26 or cross wire and light field which are produced by the linear accelerator 8 are referenced to two adjustable perpendicular sliders 18 and 22 which is mounted at a predetermined position relative to the mechanical isocenter. When the user is satisfied that a precise reference between the light field and cross wires is achieved, a reading from the digital positional readout of the sensors 14 and 16 is taken and the positional errors can be quantified to two decimal places.
  • a crosswire of the linear accelerator 8 can be calibrated by rotating the gantry of the linear accelerator to +180 degrees or -180 degrees, after which the treatment head collimator is rotated to +90 degrees or -90 degrees. Then, attach the patient support mounting 32 to the patient support platform or system 28, generally to extend the phantom 10 beyond the edge of the patient support platform. Affix the phantom 10 to the patient support mounting 32 and lower the patient support system to bring the phantom 10 in close proximity to the treatment head (while avoiding a collision and allowing sufficient space for the radiation head collimator to rotate without interference or damage).
  • the invention may also provide means whereby a visual and/or audible aid will assist in finding the centre of the penumbra (so as to increase accuracy and remove subjectivity) .
  • a visual and/or audible aid will assist in finding the centre of the penumbra (so as to increase accuracy and remove subjectivity) .
  • This may be achieved by an electromechanical sounder and light emitting diode array which will emit a sound and light when the optimal penumbra position is reached.
  • [ 0077 ] Attach the patient support mounting mechanism to the patient support system (for tabletop measurements). Affix the phantom 10 to the patient support mounting mechanism. Adjust the patient support system to place the phantom 10 at isocenter. Carefully and precisely adjust the X and Y-sliders 18 and 22 of the phantom 10 to align the crosswire markings 20 and 24 with the projected crosswire. Zero both the X and Y Vernier digital readouts of the phantom 10. Note the patient support system (tabletop) X and Y digital readout values as displayed on the treatment room display.
  • Optional embodiments of the present invention may also be said to broadly consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated herein, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of the parts, elements or features, and wherein specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which the invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
  • well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail, as such will be readily understood by the skilled addressee.
  • Spatially relative terms such as “inner, “ “outer, “ “beneath, “ “below, “ “lower, “ “above, “ “upper, “ and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature (s) as illustrated in the figures.
  • Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features.
  • the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • one example may exemplify certain aspects of the invention, whilst other aspects are exemplified in a different example.
  • Variations e.g. modifications and/or enhancements of one or more embodiments described herein might become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this application.
  • the inventor(s) expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor (s) intends for the claimed subject matter to be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fantôme d'étalonnage d'accélérateur linéaire médical (10) qui comprend une plaque de base (12) pouvant être montée de manière fonctionnelle à proximité d'un isocentre mécanique de l'accélérateur (8) ainsi que des premier et second capteurs de déplacement linéaire (14, 16). Le fantôme comprend un coulisseau d'axe X (18) disposé de manière coulissante sur la plaque de base (12), ayant un réticule d'axe X (20), ledit coulisseau d'axe X (18) étant associé au premier capteur de déplacement linéaire (14). Le fantôme comprend également un coulisseau d'axe Y (22) disposé de manière coulissante sur la plaque de base (12) perpendiculaire au coulisseau d'axe X (18) et ayant un réticule d'axe Y (24), ledit coulisseau d'axe Y (22) étant associé au second capteur de déplacement linéaire. Les réticules forment de manière complémentaire un réticule mobile sur les axes X et Y (26), dont une position peut être déterminée par l'intermédiaire des capteurs de déplacement, une image de lumière indiquant un isocentre de rayonnement de l'accélérateur linéaire, visible par le réticule afin de déterminer une incongruence entre les isocentres mécaniques et de rayonnement.
PCT/AU2020/051046 2019-10-14 2020-10-01 Fantôme d'étalonnage d'accélérateur linéaire médical WO2021072481A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2019903868 2019-10-14
AU2019903868A AU2019903868A0 (en) 2019-10-14 Medical linear accelerator calibration phantom

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WO2021072481A1 true WO2021072481A1 (fr) 2021-04-22

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4112122A1 (fr) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-04 Martin Dux Outil de réglage pour réticule d'accélérateur linéaire de radiothérapie
CN116105642A (zh) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-12 成都利尼科医学技术发展有限公司 一种等中心一致性的测量装置、装配及测量方法

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US9468416B2 (en) * 2014-06-03 2016-10-18 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Quality-control jig for use with radiotherapy apparatus

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4112122A1 (fr) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-04 Martin Dux Outil de réglage pour réticule d'accélérateur linéaire de radiothérapie
CN116105642A (zh) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-12 成都利尼科医学技术发展有限公司 一种等中心一致性的测量装置、装配及测量方法

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