WO2021070970A1 - See-through display device - Google Patents

See-through display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021070970A1
WO2021070970A1 PCT/JP2020/038512 JP2020038512W WO2021070970A1 WO 2021070970 A1 WO2021070970 A1 WO 2021070970A1 JP 2020038512 W JP2020038512 W JP 2020038512W WO 2021070970 A1 WO2021070970 A1 WO 2021070970A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
see
display device
concave mirror
elliptical concave
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Application number
PCT/JP2020/038512
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
言 張
清 清川
信親 酒田
Original Assignee
国立大学法人奈良先端科学技術大学院大学
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Priority to JP2021551743A priority Critical patent/JPWO2021070970A1/ja
Publication of WO2021070970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021070970A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/66—Transforming electric information into light information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical see-through type display device.
  • VR Virtual Reality
  • HMD Head Mounted Display
  • optical see-through type a method called an optical see-through type. This is because it is possible to overlay an image on top of it while looking at the real world, and it is possible to see through the outside while displaying only the necessary information on the surface of the display. It has the advantage of ensuring the safety of users, and the market is expected to continue expanding in the future.
  • an optical see-through type HMD device in general, the superimposed image and the background may be mixed and the superimposed image may not be accurately expressed. Therefore, the optical see-through type using a light-shielding plate capable of shading on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
  • HMD devices are known (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). As in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, there are various efforts based on different optical systems, but all of them have a problem that the angle of view is narrow and the usage is limited.
  • Non-Patent Document 4 For example, when two liquid crystal panels are stacked, a new problem arises in which the angle of view is wide but the image is blurred. In addition, when three or more liquid crystal panels are stacked, the angle of view is wide and the blur is eliminated, but the system configuration becomes complicated and the whole becomes dark, and in any case, there is a problem that it cannot be put into practical use. is there.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a see-through display device capable of preventing blurring of an image while ensuring a wide angle of view and brightness of a field of view with a simple configuration. To do.
  • the see-through display device of the present invention has first and second elliptical concave mirrors in which one of the two focal points is cofocal, and the focus is other than the cofocal of the first elliptical concave mirror.
  • An optical system that forms an image of incident object light at a focal point other than the confocal of the second elliptical concave mirror, a display arranged at a position that does not block the object light, and an optical path arranged on the optical path of the object light and emitted from the display. It is characterized by being provided with an optical means for superimposing the display light on the object light.
  • the angle of view can be widened by using two elliptical concave mirrors and making one of the two focal points confocal.
  • the display and the optical means for superimposing the display light emitted from the display on the object light make it possible to visually recognize the real image formed by the display as a virtual image by superimposing it on the scenery in front. Since the display is arranged at a position where it does not block the object light, it is configured so that the field of view is not obstructed.
  • the object light is the reflected light of an object outside the device, for example, the reflected light arriving from a building or a mountain in the case of a distant view.
  • the optical means a half mirror and a beam splitter can be preferably used.
  • the first and second elliptical concave mirrors may be arranged to face each other with the confocal point as the point of symmetry.
  • the elliptical concave mirror has two focal points, two elliptical concave mirrors are used, and one of the two focal points is set as a confocal and the confocals are arranged opposite to each other as symmetric points. The corners can be widened.
  • the see-through display device of the present invention preferably further includes a pinhole mask for arranging pinholes at a confocal focus.
  • a pinhole mask for arranging pinholes at a confocal focus.
  • the first and second elliptical concave mirrors are arranged so as to be located on the optical axis or the line of sight of the user's eyeball.
  • the height at which the object light emitted from the object is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror matches the height when it reaches the user's eyes, further improving the same field of view when the device is attached and when the device is not attached. Can be made to.
  • the see-through display device of the present invention further includes a light-shielding panel capable of blocking object light, and the light-shielding panel is on the incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror and is arranged in front of the optical means. Is preferable.
  • the shading panel is controlled to block light at the same pixel position as the virtual image of the image formed by the display by optical means, and enhances the contrast of the image.
  • Specific configurations of the light-shielding panel include, for example, a liquid crystal shutter whose light transmission changes by changing the voltage.
  • the light-shielding panel may be one that uses a spatial light modulator to modulate the spatial distribution of the object light to two-dimensionally block light.
  • the see-through display device of the present invention preferably further includes a condensing lens system that confocally collects the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror.
  • a condenser lens system that confocally collects the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror
  • the see-through display device of the present invention has a first condensing lens system that condenses the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror to the confocal, and a second condensing that focuses the light that has passed through the confocal.
  • a lens system may be further provided. With such a configuration, a device having a more compact shape can be obtained.
  • the condenser lens system is preferably a system composed of a concave lens and a convex lens, or a system composed of a concave-convex lens.
  • the concave lens and the convex lens in this order between the first elliptical concave mirror and the pinhole mask, the light focused by the concave lens can be focused by the convex lens and guided to the pinhole.
  • the amount of light passing through the lens can be effectively improved.
  • the amount of light reaching the user's eyes can be improved by condensing the light, so that the user can obtain a bright field of view.
  • each optical means is tilted along the maximum upper and lower capture angles of object light, and the display light emitted from each display. Is reflected by optical means and superimposed on the object light.
  • the human eye can see 180 ° or more on the left and right, but this is not the case due to the structure of the human body on the top and bottom, which creates a space for arranging the display without blocking the object light. Therefore, each optical means is tilted along the maximum vertical capture angle of the object light without obstructing the user's field of view, and the display is further arranged without obstructing the user's field of view.
  • Each display image overlaps with the object light as a virtual image by optical means, and the object and the display image appear to overlap.
  • the two display images are integrated into an image on one display, and it is preferable to adjust the arrangement of the two optical means so as not to form a discontinuous image.
  • the maximum capture angle is 30 to 35 ° at the top and 45 to 50 ° at the bottom, so that each optical means is along the maximum top and bottom capture angles of the object light. It is preferable that the arrangement is inclined. Due to the structure of the human body, the human face has a forehead, so it is said that the upper part has a slightly narrower field of view than the lower part. Therefore, the maximum capture angle can be set to 30 to 35 ° at the top and 45 to 50 ° at the bottom so that the field of view is not obstructed.
  • the optical means is arranged on the incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror, and the display is between the first elliptical concave mirror and the object emitting the object light, and the object. It is preferable that the light is not blocked.
  • the optical means is arranged on the reflected light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror, and the display is between the first elliptical concave mirror and the second elliptical concave mirror, and the object. It may be arranged at a position that does not block light.
  • the head-mounted display device of the present invention includes any of the above optical see-through display devices.
  • the see-through display device of the present invention there is an effect that blurring of an image can be prevented while ensuring a wide angle of view and brightness of a field of view with a simple configuration.
  • FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the first embodiment.
  • the see-through display device 1 of the first embodiment includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, a half mirror 6, a concave lens 7, and a convex lens 8.
  • the object light 10 reflected light of sunlight or illumination light
  • the object light 10 arriving from the outside scenery or an object passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21.
  • the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5 is reflected by the half mirror 6 and then reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 in the same manner as the object light 10.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3.
  • the light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment.
  • the see-through type display device 1 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a condenser lens. It is composed of a concave lens 7 and a convex lens 8 of the system 15.
  • the pinhole mask 3 is provided with a pinhole 3a.
  • FIG. 4 is an image diagram of a visual image of a conventional see-through display device, in which (1) shows a state in which the background is focused and (2) shows a state in which the foreground is focused.
  • a ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed as a foreground
  • a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped object 11 and a background 13 are displayed as a background.
  • the object 11 looks clear when the background is focused, but the display displayed by the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b).
  • the image 14 is out of focus.
  • FIG. 6A and 6B are explanatory views of two elliptical concave mirrors, in which (1) shows the case of one elliptical concave mirror and (2) shows the case where one of the two elliptical concave mirrors is in focus.
  • (1) shows the case of one elliptical concave mirror
  • (2) shows the case where one of the two elliptical concave mirrors is in focus.
  • FIG. 6 (1) in the elliptical concave mirror 2, there are a focal point F 1 and a focal point F 2 .
  • the light passing through one focal point is reflected by the point P on the ellipsoidal surface and passes through the other focal point.
  • the light R 1 emitted from the focal point F 1 to the point P is reflected at the point P to become the light R 2 , and passes through the focal point F 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 (2), using two ellipses concave called elliptical concave mirror 21 and the elliptical concave mirror 22 to focus F '2 focus F 2 and elliptic concave mirror 22 of the elliptical concave mirror 21 and confocal, focus The light R 1 emitted from F 1 to the point P of the elliptical concave mirror 21 is reflected at the point P to become light R 2 , and passes through the focal point F 2.
  • the 'Since 2 is confocal
  • the light R 2 passing through the focal point F 2 is the focal point F' focal point F of the focal point F 2
  • the elliptical concave mirror 22 of the elliptical concave mirror 21 is emitted from the 2 to the point P 'of the ellipse concave mirror 22 and 'it is the same as 2, point P' light R so that the passing light R '1, and the focal point F' is reflected in the 1. Therefore, if the position of the confocal position and the position of the pinhole 3a can be matched, the angle of view can be widened.
  • the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22 have one of the two focal points as the cofocal point and the cofocal point as the symmetry point. It is provided with an optical system that is arranged to face each other and forms an image of an object light 10 incident on a focal point other than the cofocal point in the first elliptical concave mirror 21 at a focal point other than the cofocal point in the second elliptical concave mirror 22.
  • the pinhole 3a provided in the pinhole mask 3 is arranged at a confocal position of the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22. It is not essential that the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22 are arranged so as to face each other with one of the two focal points as a confocal and the confocal as a symmetric point. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the confocal points are set as symmetry points and are not arranged to face each other as in 6.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an optical path of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment, (1) shows an optical path of an object light, and (2) shows an optical path of a display light. Note that in FIG. 3 (1), color liquid crystal displays (5a, 5b), half mirrors (6a, 6b) and the like are not shown. Further, in FIG. 3 (2), the object 11 is not shown. As shown in FIG. 3 (1), the object light (10a to 10c) passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21.
  • the object light 10d is blocked by the light-shielding panel 4.
  • the function and structure of the light-shielding panel 4 will be described later.
  • the object light (10a to 10c) reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3.
  • the light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 as object light (20a to 20c) and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • the object light 20a enters the eye
  • the object light 20c enters the eye.
  • the object light 20a is the same as the object light 10a by the object 11, and becomes an image on the upper side of the object 11.
  • the object light 20c is the same as the object light 10c produced by the object 11, and is an image of the lower side of the object 11.
  • the vertical capture angle of the object light of the object 11 is large, and the vertical viewing angle can cover the range of the viewing angle of a person.
  • the optical path of the display light is similar to that of the object light. That is, as shown in FIG. 3 (2), the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5a is reflected by the half mirror 6a. Similarly, the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5b is reflected by the half mirror 6b. The display light is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21, focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3. The light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • the display light when the user moves the eye 9 to look up, the upper part of the virtual image 50 enters the eye, and when the user looks down, the lower part of the virtual image 50 enters the eye.
  • the display light is displayed superimposed on the object light (20a to 20c).
  • the light-shielding panel 4 is a liquid crystal shutter, and the light transmission property changes by changing the voltage.
  • the liquid crystal shutter can transmit or not transmit light only at a required pixel position in pixel units of a two-dimensional matrix.
  • the color liquid crystal display 5a is provided on the upper side of the object light incident on a focal point other than the confocal in the first elliptical concave mirror 21, and the color liquid crystal display 5b is provided on the lower side.
  • the half mirror 6a is provided on the upper side and the half mirror 6b is provided on the lower side.
  • the half mirror 6a reflects the display light emitted from the image formed on the color liquid crystal display 5a, and the half mirror 6b is a color. It plays a role of reflecting the display light emitted from the image formed on the liquid crystal display 5b.
  • FIG. 5 is an image diagram of a visual image of the see-through display device of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 (1) shows a case where a light-shielding panel is not provided or light-shielding is not performed, and FIG. There is.
  • a ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed as the foreground, and a rectangular parallelepiped object 11 and the background 13 are displayed as the background.
  • the background image is transmitted, so that there is a problem that the contrast of the display image 14 is lowered.
  • the portion 14a of the display image 14 that is superimposed on the object 11 that has a darker color scheme is displayed in black, but is superimposed on the background 13 that has a brighter color scheme.
  • the part 14b of the display image 14 to be displayed is displayed in gray.
  • the ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed in black not only for the part 14a but also for the part 14b, indicating that the contrast is improved. ..
  • the concave lens 7 collects the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21, and the convex lens 8 further focuses the light collected by the concave lens 7 on the pinhole mask 3. It guides to the provided pinhole 3a.
  • the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8 the light collected by the concave lens 7 can be focused by the convex lens 8 and guided to the pinhole, and the amount of light passing through the pinhole can be effectively improved. it can.
  • the light that has passed through the pinhole 3a is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the second embodiment.
  • the see-through type display device 100 of the second embodiment is the same as the see-through type display device 1 shown in the first embodiment, that is, the first elliptical concave mirror 21, the second elliptical concave mirror 22, the pinhole mask 3, the light-shielding panel 4, and the color liquid crystal display.
  • the display 5 and the half mirror 6 are provided, but unlike the see-through type display device 1 shown in the first embodiment, the concave lens and the convex lens of the condenser lens system are not used.
  • the condenser lens system By providing the condenser lens system, the amount of light passing through the pinhole can be increased and the brightness of the image visually recognized by the user can be improved. However, even if the condenser lens system is not provided, the user can use the condenser lens system. It is fully visible. As shown in FIG. 8, when a distant landscape or a nearby object is viewed using the see-through display device 100, the object light 10 coming from the landscape or the object passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and the first elliptical concave mirror 21. It is incident on and reflected.
  • the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b) is reflected by the half mirrors (6a, 6b), and then, like the object light 10, is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and reflected.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is directly guided to the pinhole mask 3, and the light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is incident on the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reflected by the user's eye.
  • FIG. 9 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through type display device of the third embodiment.
  • the see-through display device 101 of the third embodiment is composed of a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, a half mirror 6, a concave lens 7, and a convex lens 8. That is, unlike the see-through type display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through type display device 101 of the third embodiment has a configuration in which the pinhole mask 3 is not provided.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 passes through the concave lens 7, travels along the optical axis of the lens 7, and is collected by the convex lens 8.
  • the light is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 without passing through the pinhole mask 3 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • FIG. 10 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the third embodiment.
  • the see-through type display device 101 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a concave lens 7 of a condenser lens system 15. And a convex lens 8.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 passes through the concave lens 7, travels along the optical axis of the lens 7, and is collected by the convex lens 8, so that the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is reflected.
  • a large amount can be captured, the amount of light reaching the user's eye can be increased, and the user can obtain a bright field of view. Since the see-through display device 101 of this embodiment is not provided with the pinhole mask 3, the image is slightly blurred.
  • FIG. 11 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the fourth embodiment.
  • the see-through display device 102 of the fourth embodiment is composed of a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, and a half mirror 6. That is, unlike the see-through type display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through type display device 101 of the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which the pinhole mask 3, the concave lens 7, and the convex lens 8 are not provided.
  • FIG. 12 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fourth embodiment.
  • the see-through display device 102 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), and a half mirror (6a, 6b).
  • the see-through type display device 102 can have a simpler structure by not providing the pinhole mask 3, the concave lens 7, and the convex lens 8, and the cost of the device can be reduced. In addition, the weight and compactness of the device can be reduced.
  • FIG. 13 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fifth embodiment.
  • the see-through display device 103 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a convex lens (8a). , 8b).
  • the see-through display device 103 includes two convex lenses (8a, 8b).
  • the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8 are arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the pinhole mask 3, whereas in the see-through type display device 103 of the fifth embodiment, the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8 are arranged.
  • a convex lens 8a is arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the pinhole mask 3
  • a convex lens 8b is arranged between the pinhole mask 3 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the convex lens 8a, and after passing through the pinhole mask 3, the light spreads, but is focused by the convex lens 8b and reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22. And reach the user's eye 9.
  • FIG. 14 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the sixth embodiment.
  • the see-through type display device 104 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 220, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5c, a half mirror 6c, reflectors (16a, 16b), and a plano-concave lens 70. And a plano-convex lens 80.
  • the see-through display device 104 includes a reflector (16a, 16b), a plano-concave lens 70, and a plano-convex lens 80.
  • the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the plano-concave lens 70, focused by the plano-convex lens 80, reflected by the reflector 16a, and then guided to the pinhole 3a of the pinhole mask 3. .. Further, the light that has passed through the pinhole 3a is reflected by the reflecting mirror 16b and the second elliptical concave mirror 220 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 220 are not arranged so as to face each other with one of the two focal points as the cofocal point and the cofocal point as the symmetry point.
  • the angle of view can be maintained wide while narrowing the distance between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 220.
  • the device can be made compact in this respect as well.
  • the light-shielding panel 4, the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b) and the half mirror (6a, 6b) are arranged between the object 11 in the real world and the first elliptical concave mirror 21.
  • the light-shielding panel 4, the color liquid crystal display 5c, and the half mirror 6c are arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the plano-concave lens 70.
  • the space between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the plano-concave lens 70 can be effectively used, and the device can be made compact.
  • FIG. 15 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the seventh embodiment.
  • the see-through type display device 105 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 210, a second elliptical concave mirror 221, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5d, a half mirror 6d, a reflector (16c to 16e), and a plano-concave lens ( It is composed of 70a, 70b) and plano-convex lenses (80a to 80c).
  • a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to modulate the spatial distribution of object light, and light-shielding is performed by a light-shielding pattern in units of two-dimensional pixels.
  • the see-through type display device 105 has a focus F 1 other than the cofocal focus of the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and a second focus F 1 when the user wears the device 105.
  • the first and second ellipse Concave mirrors (210,221) are arranged.
  • the height at which the object light 10e emitted from the object 11 is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and the height when it reaches the user's eye 9 are substantially the same, and the field of view when the device 105 is attached and when the device 105 is not attached. The identity of is further improved. As shown in FIG.
  • the object light 10e passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 210.
  • the function and structure of the light-shielding panel 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the object light 10e reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 210 is focused by the plano-concave lens 70a, focused by the plano-convex lens 80a, reflected in the order of the reflecting mirror 16c and the reflecting mirror 16d, and then pinhole 3a of the pinhole mask 3. Is guided to.
  • the object light 20d that has passed through the pinhole 3a is focused by the plano-convex lens 80b, reflected in the order of the half mirror 6d and the reflecting mirror 16e, then focused by the plano-concave lens 70b, and reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 221.
  • the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and the second elliptical concave mirror 221 are symmetrical with respect to the pinhole 3a, and the confocal is located at the position of the pinhole 3a. It is configured in.
  • the display light 30 emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5d is focused by the plano-convex lens 80c, transmitted through the half mirror 6d, reflected by the reflecting mirror 16e, focused by the plano-concave lens 70b, and is focused by the second elliptical concave mirror. It reflects at 221 and reaches the user's eye 9.
  • the user can visually recognize the object 11 from the same height as when the object 11 is viewed without using the see-through display device 105, so that the object 11 can be used without discomfort. ..
  • the half mirror is preferably arranged on two upper and lower surfaces as in the half mirrors (6a and 6b) shown in FIG. 2, but may be one surface or three or more surfaces. When only one surface is provided, it is preferable to provide it on the lower side. In the case of three or more surfaces, it may be arranged separately on the left and right in addition to the top and bottom. 2) In the above embodiment, the reflected light of the second elliptical concave mirror 22 or the second elliptical concave mirror 220 is formed at a fixed position of the user's eye, but the upper, lower, left and right of the user's eye are formed. The position of the device main body may be finely adjusted according to the movement of the device.
  • the present invention is useful for an optical see-through type display device, and particularly useful for a head-mounted display device.

Abstract

Provided is a see-through display device that can prevent blurring of an image while ensuring a wide angle of view and a bright field of view with a simple configuration. The present invention is characterized by comprising: an optical system which has first and second elliptical concave mirrors, the mirrors each having two focal points and one of said two focal points being shared between the mirrors, and which forms object light incident on the focal point of the first elliptical concave mirror that is not the shared focal point into an image at the focal point of the second elliptical concave mirror that is not the shared focal point; a display which is disposed at a position that does not block the object light; and an optical means which is disposed on the optical path of the object light and superimposes display light emitted from the display on the object light. The present invention further comprises a light-blocking panel that can block the object light, the light-blocking panel being disposed on the incident light path of the object light on the first elliptical concave mirror and in front of the optical means.

Description

シースルー型ディスプレイ装置See-through display device
　本発明は、光学シースルー型のディスプレイ装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an optical see-through type display device.
　ＶＲ（Virtual Reality；仮想現実）の技術において、光学シースルー型という方式を用いたＨＭＤ（Head Mounted Display；ヘッドマウントディスプレイ）がある。これは、現実の世界を見ながら、その上に画像を重ねることができるというものであり、必要な情報のみディスプレイの表面に表示しながら、外の様子をシースルーで見ることが可能となることから、利用者の安全の確保が図られるという利点があり、今後も市場が拡大すると予想されている。 In VR (Virtual Reality) technology, there is an HMD (Head Mounted Display) that uses a method called an optical see-through type. This is because it is possible to overlay an image on top of it while looking at the real world, and it is possible to see through the outside while displaying only the necessary information on the surface of the display. It has the advantage of ensuring the safety of users, and the market is expected to continue expanding in the future.
　光学シースルー型のＨＭＤ装置では、一般に、重ね合わせる画像と、背景が混ざり合い、重ね合わせる画像が正確に表現されない場合があり、そこで、画素単位での遮光が可能な遮光板を用いた光学シースルー型のＨＭＤ装置が知られている（非特許文献１～３を参照）。
　非特許文献１～３のように、異なる光学系に基づく様々な取組はあるが、いずれも画角が狭く、使用用途が限定されるという課題がある。 In an optical see-through type HMD device, in general, the superimposed image and the background may be mixed and the superimposed image may not be accurately expressed. Therefore, the optical see-through type using a light-shielding plate capable of shading on a pixel-by-pixel basis. HMD devices are known (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
As in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, there are various efforts based on different optical systems, but all of them have a problem that the angle of view is narrow and the usage is limited.
　そこで、画角を広げるべく、複数の液晶パネルを重ねることが試みられている（非特許文献４を参照）。例えば、液晶パネルを２枚重ねると画角は広いが画像はボケるという新たな課題が発生する。また、液晶パネルを３枚以上重ねると画角は広く、かつボケは解消されるが、システム構成が複雑となる上に、全体的に暗くなり、いずれにしても実用には供しないという問題がある。 Therefore, in order to widen the angle of view, an attempt has been made to stack a plurality of liquid crystal panels (see Non-Patent Document 4). For example, when two liquid crystal panels are stacked, a new problem arises in which the angle of view is wide but the image is blurred. In addition, when three or more liquid crystal panels are stacked, the angle of view is wide and the blur is eliminated, but the system configuration becomes complicated and the whole becomes dark, and in any case, there is a problem that it cannot be put into practical use. is there.
　かかる状況に鑑みて、本発明は、簡素な構成で、画角の広さ及び視野の明るさを確保しつつ、画像のボケを防止することができるシースルー型ディスプレイ装置を提供することを目的とする。 In view of such a situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a see-through display device capable of preventing blurring of an image while ensuring a wide angle of view and brightness of a field of view with a simple configuration. To do.
　上記目的を達成すべく、本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、２焦点の１つを共焦点とする第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡を有し、第１の楕円凹面鏡の共焦点以外の焦点に入射する物体光を第２の楕円凹面鏡の共焦点以外の焦点に結像させる光学系と、物体光を遮光しない位置に配置されたディスプレイと、物体光の光路上に配置され、ディスプレイから出射されたディスプレイ光を物体光に重畳させる光学手段を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the see-through display device of the present invention has first and second elliptical concave mirrors in which one of the two focal points is cofocal, and the focus is other than the cofocal of the first elliptical concave mirror. An optical system that forms an image of incident object light at a focal point other than the confocal of the second elliptical concave mirror, a display arranged at a position that does not block the object light, and an optical path arranged on the optical path of the object light and emitted from the display. It is characterized by being provided with an optical means for superimposing the display light on the object light.
　楕円凹面鏡が２つの焦点を有するという特性を生かして、２つの楕円凹面鏡を用いて、２焦点の１つを共焦点とすることで、画角を広くすることができる。
　また、ディスプレイと、ディスプレイから出射されたディスプレイ光を物体光に重畳させる光学手段により、ディスプレイで形成された実像を虚像として前方の景色と重ね合わせて視認することが可能となる。ディスプレイは物体光を遮光しない位置に配置されたるため、視野が遮られることが無いように構成する。なお、ここで、物体光とは、装置の外部の物体などの反射光のことであり、例えば、遠くの景色であれば建物や山から到達する反射光のことである。光学手段としては、ハーフミラー、ビームスプリッタを好適に用いることができる。 Taking advantage of the characteristic that the elliptical concave mirror has two focal points, the angle of view can be widened by using two elliptical concave mirrors and making one of the two focal points confocal.
Further, the display and the optical means for superimposing the display light emitted from the display on the object light make it possible to visually recognize the real image formed by the display as a virtual image by superimposing it on the scenery in front. Since the display is arranged at a position where it does not block the object light, it is configured so that the field of view is not obstructed. Here, the object light is the reflected light of an object outside the device, for example, the reflected light arriving from a building or a mountain in the case of a distant view. As the optical means, a half mirror and a beam splitter can be preferably used.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置において、第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡は、共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置されることでもよい。
　楕円凹面鏡が２つの焦点を有するという特性を生かして、２つの楕円凹面鏡を用いて、２焦点の１つを共焦点とし該共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置することで、シンプルな構成で画角を広くすることができる。 In the see-through display device of the present invention, the first and second elliptical concave mirrors may be arranged to face each other with the confocal point as the point of symmetry.
Taking advantage of the characteristic that the elliptical concave mirror has two focal points, two elliptical concave mirrors are used, and one of the two focal points is set as a confocal and the confocals are arranged opposite to each other as symmetric points. The corners can be widened.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、共焦点にピンホールを配置するピンホールマスクを更に備えたことが好ましい。
　ピンホールマスクを用いることで、瞳孔を通過する光が水晶体の屈折力の影響を受けることがなくなり、簡単な仕組みで入射光の向きを制限することができる。これにより、物体光すなわち透かして見える絵と、ディスプレイで形成されて重ねられる絵の何れについても、ボケて見えることなく、鮮明に見ることができる。
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、ユーザが装置を装着した際に、第１の楕円凹面鏡の共焦点以外の焦点と、第２の楕円凹面鏡の共焦点以外の焦点とが、共に、正面を向いたユーザの眼球の光軸上又は視線上に位置するように、第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡が配置されることが好ましい。これにより、物体から発せられる物体光が第１の楕円凹面鏡に入射した高さとユーザの眼に届いた際の高さが一致し、装置の装着時と非装着時の視野の同一性をより向上させることができる。 The see-through display device of the present invention preferably further includes a pinhole mask for arranging pinholes at a confocal focus.
By using the pinhole mask, the light passing through the pupil is not affected by the refractive power of the crystalline lens, and the direction of the incident light can be restricted by a simple mechanism. As a result, both the object light, that is, the picture that can be seen through, and the picture that is formed and superimposed on the display can be clearly seen without being blurred.
In the see-through display device of the present invention, when the user wears the device, both the focal point other than the cofocal point of the first elliptical concave mirror and the focal point other than the cofocal point of the second elliptical concave mirror face the front. It is preferable that the first and second elliptical concave mirrors are arranged so as to be located on the optical axis or the line of sight of the user's eyeball. As a result, the height at which the object light emitted from the object is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror matches the height when it reaches the user's eyes, further improving the same field of view when the device is attached and when the device is not attached. Can be made to.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、物体光を遮光し得る遮光パネルを更に備え、遮光パネルは、第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の入射光路上であって、光学手段の前段に配置されたことが好ましい。
　遮光パネルを用いることで、ディスプレイで形成された画像の光学手段による虚像を透けさせることなく、コントラストを高めて表示することが可能となる。遮光パネルは、ディスプレイで形成される画像の光学手段による虚像と同じピクセル位置で遮光するように制御され、画像のコントラストを高める。遮光パネルの具体的な構成としては、例えば、電圧を変えることによって光の透過性が変化する液晶シャッタなどが挙げられる。
　ここで、遮光パネルは、空間光変調器を用いて、物体光の空間分布を変調して２次元的に遮光するものでもよい。 The see-through display device of the present invention further includes a light-shielding panel capable of blocking object light, and the light-shielding panel is on the incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror and is arranged in front of the optical means. Is preferable.
By using the light-shielding panel, it is possible to display the image formed on the display with high contrast without letting the virtual image by the optical means show through. The shading panel is controlled to block light at the same pixel position as the virtual image of the image formed by the display by optical means, and enhances the contrast of the image. Specific configurations of the light-shielding panel include, for example, a liquid crystal shutter whose light transmission changes by changing the voltage.
Here, the light-shielding panel may be one that uses a spatial light modulator to modulate the spatial distribution of the object light to two-dimensionally block light.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の反射光を共焦点に集光する集光レンズ系を更に備えたことが好ましい。
　第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の反射光を共焦点に集光する集光レンズ系を備えることにより、ピンホールを通過する光量を上げることができ、映像の明るさを向上させることが可能となる。 The see-through display device of the present invention preferably further includes a condensing lens system that confocally collects the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror.
By providing a condenser lens system that confocally collects the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror, the amount of light passing through the pinhole can be increased and the brightness of the image can be improved. Become.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の反射光を共焦点に集光する第１の集光レンズ系と、共焦点を通過した光を集束する第２の集光レンズ系を更に備えたことでもよい。かかる構成とされることにより、よりコンパクトな形状の装置とすることが可能となる。 The see-through display device of the present invention has a first condensing lens system that condenses the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror to the confocal, and a second condensing that focuses the light that has passed through the confocal. A lens system may be further provided. With such a configuration, a device having a more compact shape can be obtained.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置において、集光レンズ系は、凹レンズと凸レンズから構成される系、又は、凹凸レンズから構成される系であることが好ましい。
　例えば、第１の楕円凹面鏡とピンホールマスクの間に、凹レンズ、凸レンズの順に配置することで、凹レンズにおいて集光した光を、凸レンズによって集束させてピンホールへ誘導することが可能となり、ピンホールを通過する光量を効果的に向上させることができる。また、ピンホールマスクを使用しない場合においても、集光することによりユーザの眼に到達する光量を向上できるため、ユーザは明るい視野が得られることとなる。 In the see-through display device of the present invention, the condenser lens system is preferably a system composed of a concave lens and a convex lens, or a system composed of a concave-convex lens.
For example, by arranging the concave lens and the convex lens in this order between the first elliptical concave mirror and the pinhole mask, the light focused by the concave lens can be focused by the convex lens and guided to the pinhole. The amount of light passing through the lens can be effectively improved. Further, even when the pinhole mask is not used, the amount of light reaching the user's eyes can be improved by condensing the light, so that the user can obtain a bright field of view.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置は、ディスプレイと光学手段が各２セット設けられ、各々の光学手段は、物体光の上下の最大取り込み角に沿って傾斜配置され、各々のディスプレイから出射されたディスプレイ光は、光学手段によって反射し、物体光に重畳される。
　一般に、人の眼は左右は１８０°以上見ることができるが、上下では人体の構造上そうならず、そのため、物体光を遮光せずにディスプレイを配置するスペースが生まれることになる。そこで、各々の光学手段を、ユーザの視野を妨げることなく物体光の上下の最大取り込み角に沿って傾斜配置し、さらにユーザの視野を妨げることなくディスプレイを配置する。各々のディスプレイ映像は、光学手段により虚像として、物体光と重なり、物体とディスプレイ映像が重なって見えることになる。この場合、２つのディスプレイ映像は、一体化してあたかも１つのディスプレイの映像になるのが好ましく、２つの光学手段の配置を調整し、不連続な映像にならないようにすることが好ましい。 In the see-through type display device of the present invention, two sets of displays and two sets of optical means are provided, and each optical means is tilted along the maximum upper and lower capture angles of object light, and the display light emitted from each display. Is reflected by optical means and superimposed on the object light.
Generally, the human eye can see 180 ° or more on the left and right, but this is not the case due to the structure of the human body on the top and bottom, which creates a space for arranging the display without blocking the object light. Therefore, each optical means is tilted along the maximum vertical capture angle of the object light without obstructing the user's field of view, and the display is further arranged without obstructing the user's field of view. Each display image overlaps with the object light as a virtual image by optical means, and the object and the display image appear to overlap. In this case, it is preferable that the two display images are integrated into an image on one display, and it is preferable to adjust the arrangement of the two optical means so as not to form a discontinuous image.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置において、最大取り込み角は、上が３０～３５°であり、下が４５～５０°であることから、各々の光学手段は、物体光の上下の最大取り込み角に沿って傾斜配置されることが好ましい。
　人体の構造上、人の顔には額があるため、下よりも上がやや視野が狭いといわれている。そこで、最大取り込み角につき、上を３０～３５°、下を４５～５０°とすることで、視野を妨げることのない構成とすることができる。 In the see-through display device of the present invention, the maximum capture angle is 30 to 35 ° at the top and 45 to 50 ° at the bottom, so that each optical means is along the maximum top and bottom capture angles of the object light. It is preferable that the arrangement is inclined.
Due to the structure of the human body, the human face has a forehead, so it is said that the upper part has a slightly narrower field of view than the lower part. Therefore, the maximum capture angle can be set to 30 to 35 ° at the top and 45 to 50 ° at the bottom so that the field of view is not obstructed.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置において、光学手段は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の入射光路上に配置され、ディスプレイは、第１の楕円凹面鏡と物体光を発する物体の間で、かつ、物体光を遮光しない位置に配置されたことが好ましい。
　第１の楕円凹面鏡と物体との間に光学手段とディスプレイを設けることで、第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡とピンホールマスクの配置を行った上で、光学手段及びディスプレイを取り付けることができ製造が容易となる。 In the see-through display device of the present invention, the optical means is arranged on the incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror, and the display is between the first elliptical concave mirror and the object emitting the object light, and the object. It is preferable that the light is not blocked.
By providing the optical means and the display between the first elliptical concave mirror and the object, the optical means and the display can be attached after the first and second elliptical concave mirrors and the pinhole mask are arranged. Becomes easier.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置において、光学手段は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における物体光の反射光路上に配置され、ディスプレイは、第１の楕円凹面鏡と第２の楕円凹面鏡の間で、かつ、物体光を遮光しない位置に配置されたことでもよい。
　第１の楕円凹面鏡と第２の楕円凹面鏡の間に光学手段とディスプレイを設けることで、装置をコンパクトな構成とすることができる。 In the see-through display device of the present invention, the optical means is arranged on the reflected light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror, and the display is between the first elliptical concave mirror and the second elliptical concave mirror, and the object. It may be arranged at a position that does not block light.
By providing the optical means and the display between the first elliptical concave mirror and the second elliptical concave mirror, the device can be made compact.
　本発明のヘッドマウントディスプレイ装置は、上記の何れかの光学シースルー型ディスプレイ装置を備えたものである。 The head-mounted display device of the present invention includes any of the above optical see-through display devices.
　本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置によれば、簡素な構成で、画角の広さ及び視野の明るさを確保しつつ、画像のボケを防止することができるといった効果がある。 According to the see-through display device of the present invention, there is an effect that blurring of an image can be prevented while ensuring a wide angle of view and brightness of a field of view with a simple configuration.
実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図Functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the first embodiment 実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment 実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の光路の説明図Explanatory drawing of the optical path of the see-through type display apparatus of Example 1. 従来のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の視認映像のイメージ図Image of visual image of conventional see-through display device 実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の視認映像のイメージ図Image of visual image of the see-through display device of the first embodiment ２つの楕円凹面鏡の説明図Explanatory drawing of two elliptical concave mirrors 実施例２のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図Functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the second embodiment 実施例２のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the second embodiment 実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図Functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the third embodiment 実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the third embodiment 実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図Functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the fourth embodiment 実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fourth embodiment 実施例５のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fifth embodiment 実施例６のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the sixth embodiment 実施例７のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図Configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the seventh embodiment
　以下、本発明の実施形態の一例を、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明していく。なお、本発明の範囲は、以下の実施例や図示例に限定されるものではなく、幾多の変更及び変形が可能である。 Hereinafter, an example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples and illustrated examples, and many modifications and modifications can be made.
　図１は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図を示している。実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５、ハーフミラー６、凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８から構成されている。
　シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１を用いて、遠方の景色や近くの物を見るとする。外の景色や物から到来する物体光１０（太陽光や照明光の反射光）は、遮光パネル４を通り、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射する。また、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５から出射されたディスプレイ光は、ハーフミラー６により反射された後、物体光１０と同様に、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射する。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、凹レンズ７において集光され、凸レンズ８において集束し、ピンホールマスク３へと誘導される。ピンホールマスク３へと誘導された光は、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。 FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the first embodiment. The see-through display device 1 of the first embodiment includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, a half mirror 6, a concave lens 7, and a convex lens 8. Has been done.
It is assumed that the see-through display device 1 is used to see a distant landscape or a nearby object. The object light 10 (reflected light of sunlight or illumination light) arriving from the outside scenery or an object passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21. Further, the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5 is reflected by the half mirror 6 and then reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 in the same manner as the object light 10. The light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3. The light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9.
　図２は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）、ハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）、集光レンズ系１５の凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８から構成される。
　ピンホールマスク３には、ピンホール３ａが設けられている。ピンホールカメラと同様、近距離から遠距離まで全てピントが合わせられ、撮影される像に歪みが生じない等のメリットをそのまま享受でき、ユーザの眼９の瞳孔を通過する光は、水晶体の屈折力の影響を受けることがなく、簡単な仕組みで、ユーザの眼９の瞳孔への入射光の向きを制限することができる。これにより、遠方の景色や近くの物の物体光による映像と、ディスプレイで形成された映像とが重ねられた場合において、どちらの映像についても、ピントがボケて映るということがなく、ユーザは両方の映像を鮮明に視認することができる。 FIG. 2 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment. The see-through type display device 1 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a condenser lens. It is composed of a concave lens 7 and a convex lens 8 of the system 15.
The pinhole mask 3 is provided with a pinhole 3a. As with a pinhole camera, you can enjoy the advantages of being able to focus on everything from short distances to long distances and not distorting the captured image, and the light that passes through the pupil of the user's eye 9 is refracted by the crystalline lens. It is not affected by force and can limit the direction of incident light into the pupil of the user's eye 9 by a simple mechanism. As a result, when the image of a distant landscape or the object light of a nearby object and the image formed by the display are superimposed, the focus of both images does not appear out of focus, and both users can use both. You can clearly see the image of.
　図４は、従来のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の視認映像のイメージ図であり、（１）は後景に焦点を合わせた状態、（２）は前景に焦点を合わせた状態を示している。それぞれ視認映像１２においては、前景としてリング状の表示映像１４が表示され、後景として直方体形状の物体１１及び背景１３が表示されている。図４（１）に示すように、ピンホールマスク３を用いない場合には、後景に焦点を合わせると、物体１１は鮮明に見えるが、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）によって表示された表示映像１４はピントがボケてしまう。これに対して、図４（２）に示すように、前景に焦点を合わせると、表示映像１４は鮮明に見えるが、その反面、物体１１はピントがボケてしまう。本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の場合では、ピンホール３ａが設けられたピンホールマスク３を用いることにより、このようなピントのボケを解消し、前景と後景の両方を鮮明に視認することができる。
　しかしながら、ピンホール３ａは、小さな針穴であることから、前後の絵が鮮明に見えたとしても、画角が狭くなってしまうという問題があり、本発明のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１においては、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２という２つの楕円凹面鏡が用いられている。これらの２つの楕円凹面鏡を用いる特徴について、図６を参照しながら説明する。 FIG. 4 is an image diagram of a visual image of a conventional see-through display device, in which (1) shows a state in which the background is focused and (2) shows a state in which the foreground is focused. In each of the visual images 12, a ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed as a foreground, and a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped object 11 and a background 13 are displayed as a background. As shown in FIG. 4 (1), when the pinhole mask 3 is not used, the object 11 looks clear when the background is focused, but the display displayed by the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b). The image 14 is out of focus. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4 (2), when the foreground is focused, the displayed image 14 looks clear, but on the other hand, the object 11 is out of focus. In the case of the see-through type display device of the present invention, by using the pinhole mask 3 provided with the pinhole 3a, such out-of-focus can be eliminated and both the foreground and the foreground can be clearly seen. it can.
However, since the pinhole 3a is a small needle hole, there is a problem that the angle of view becomes narrow even if the front and rear pictures can be clearly seen. Two elliptical concave mirrors, a first elliptical concave mirror 21 and a second elliptical concave mirror 22, are used. The features of using these two elliptical concave mirrors will be described with reference to FIG.
　図６は、２つの楕円凹面鏡の説明図であり、（１）は１つの楕円凹面鏡の場合、（２）は２つの楕円凹面鏡について一方の焦点を共にする場合を示している。図６（１）に示すように、楕円凹面鏡２においては、焦点Ｆ１と焦点Ｆ２が存在する。このように、２点の焦点を持つ楕円凹面鏡２では、一方の焦点を通る光が楕円面での点Ｐで反射され、もう一方の焦点を通ることになる。例えば、焦点Ｆ１から点Ｐへと発せられた光Ｒ１は、点Ｐにおいて反射し光Ｒ２となり、焦点Ｆ２を通ることになる。そこで、図６（２）に示すように、楕円凹面鏡２１と楕円凹面鏡２２という２つの楕円凹面鏡を用い、楕円凹面鏡２１の焦点Ｆ２と楕円凹面鏡２２の焦点Ｆ’２を共焦点とすると、焦点Ｆ１から楕円凹面鏡２１の点Ｐへと発せられた光Ｒ１は、点Ｐにおいて反射して光Ｒ２となり、焦点Ｆ２を通る。楕円凹面鏡２１の焦点Ｆ２と楕円凹面鏡２２の焦点Ｆ’２は共焦点であるから、焦点Ｆ２を通った光Ｒ２は、焦点Ｆ’２から楕円凹面鏡２２の点Ｐ’へと発せられた光Ｒ’２と同じであり、点Ｐ’において反射して光Ｒ’１となり、焦点Ｆ’１を通ることとなる。したがって、共焦点の位置とピンホール３ａの位置を合わせることができれば、画角を広げることが可能となる。 6A and 6B are explanatory views of two elliptical concave mirrors, in which (1) shows the case of one elliptical concave mirror and (2) shows the case where one of the two elliptical concave mirrors is in focus. As shown in FIG. 6 (1), in the elliptical concave mirror 2, there are a focal point F 1 and a focal point F 2 . In this way, in the ellipsoidal concave mirror 2 having two focal points, the light passing through one focal point is reflected by the point P on the ellipsoidal surface and passes through the other focal point. For example, the light R 1 emitted from the focal point F 1 to the point P is reflected at the point P to become the light R 2 , and passes through the focal point F 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 (2), using two ellipses concave called elliptical concave mirror 21 and the elliptical concave mirror 22 to focus F '2 focus F 2 and elliptic concave mirror 22 of the elliptical concave mirror 21 and confocal, focus The light R 1 emitted from F 1 to the point P of the elliptical concave mirror 21 is reflected at the point P to become light R 2 , and passes through the focal point F 2. 'Since 2 is confocal, the light R 2 passing through the focal point F 2 is the focal point F' focal point F of the focal point F 2 and the elliptical concave mirror 22 of the elliptical concave mirror 21 is emitted from the 2 to the point P 'of the ellipse concave mirror 22 and 'it is the same as 2, point P' light R so that the passing light R '1, and the focal point F' is reflected in the 1. Therefore, if the position of the confocal position and the position of the pinhole 3a can be matched, the angle of view can be widened.
　図２の実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージに示すように、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２は、２焦点の１つを共焦点とし、共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置され、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１における共焦点以外の焦点に入射する物体光１０を第２の楕円凹面鏡２２における共焦点以外の焦点に結像させる光学系を備えている。ピンホールマスク３に設けられたピンホール３ａは、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２の共焦点の位置に配置されている。なお、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２が、２焦点の１つを共焦点とし、共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置されることは必須の構成ではなく、後述する実施例６のように、共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置されない構成を採用することも可能である。 As shown in the configuration image of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment of FIG. 2, the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22 have one of the two focal points as the cofocal point and the cofocal point as the symmetry point. It is provided with an optical system that is arranged to face each other and forms an image of an object light 10 incident on a focal point other than the cofocal point in the first elliptical concave mirror 21 at a focal point other than the cofocal point in the second elliptical concave mirror 22. The pinhole 3a provided in the pinhole mask 3 is arranged at a confocal position of the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22. It is not essential that the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22 are arranged so as to face each other with one of the two focal points as a confocal and the confocal as a symmetric point. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the confocal points are set as symmetry points and are not arranged to face each other as in 6.
　ここで、本実施例のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１における物体光やディスプレイ光の光路について説明する。図３は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の光路の説明図であり、（１）は物体光、（２）はディスプレイ光の光路を示している。なお、図３（１）では、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）、ハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）などは図示していない。また、図３（２）では、物体１１は図示していない。
　図３（１）に示すように、物体光（１０ａ～１０ｃ）は、遮光パネル４を通り、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射する。これに対して、物体光１０ｄは、遮光パネル４によって遮られている。かかる遮光パネル４の機能や構造については、後述する。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した物体光（１０ａ～１０ｃ）は、凹レンズ７において集光され、凸レンズ８において集束し、ピンホールマスク３へと誘導される。ピンホールマスク３へと誘導された光は、物体光（２０ａ～２０ｃ）として第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。
　ユーザが眼９を動かして上目にした場合には、物体光２０ａが眼に入り、下目にした場合には、物体光２０ｃが眼に入ることになる。物体光２０ａは、物体１１による物体光１０ａと同じであり、物体１１の上側の映像になる。また、物体光２０ｃは、物体１１による物体光１０ｃと同じであり、物体１１の下側の映像になる。図２又は図３（１）に図示するとおり、物体１１の物体光の上下の取り込み角が大きく、上下の視野角は人の視野角の範囲をカバーできている。 Here, the optical path of the object light and the display light in the see-through type display device 1 of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an optical path of the see-through type display device of the first embodiment, (1) shows an optical path of an object light, and (2) shows an optical path of a display light. Note that in FIG. 3 (1), color liquid crystal displays (5a, 5b), half mirrors (6a, 6b) and the like are not shown. Further, in FIG. 3 (2), the object 11 is not shown.
As shown in FIG. 3 (1), the object light (10a to 10c) passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21. On the other hand, the object light 10d is blocked by the light-shielding panel 4. The function and structure of the light-shielding panel 4 will be described later. The object light (10a to 10c) reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3. The light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 as object light (20a to 20c) and reaches the user's eye 9.
When the user moves the eye 9 to look up, the object light 20a enters the eye, and when the user moves the eye 9 to the lower eye, the object light 20c enters the eye. The object light 20a is the same as the object light 10a by the object 11, and becomes an image on the upper side of the object 11. Further, the object light 20c is the same as the object light 10c produced by the object 11, and is an image of the lower side of the object 11. As shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 (1), the vertical capture angle of the object light of the object 11 is large, and the vertical viewing angle can cover the range of the viewing angle of a person.
　一方、ディスプレイ光の光路についても物体光と類似した光路となる。すなわち、図３（２）に示すように、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ａから発せられたディスプレイ光は、ハーフミラー６ａにより反射する。同様に、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｂから発せられたディスプレイ光は、ハーフミラー６ｂにより反射する。ディスプレイ光は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射し、凹レンズ７において集光され、凸レンズ８において集束し、ピンホールマスク３へと誘導される。ピンホールマスク３へと誘導された光は、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。ディスプレイ光についても、ユーザが眼９を動かして上目にした場合には、虚像５０の上方が眼に入り、下目にした場合には、虚像５０の下方が眼に入ることになる。なお、ディスプレイ光は、物体光（２０ａ～２０ｃ）と重畳して表示される。 On the other hand, the optical path of the display light is similar to that of the object light. That is, as shown in FIG. 3 (2), the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5a is reflected by the half mirror 6a. Similarly, the display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5b is reflected by the half mirror 6b. The display light is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21, focused by the concave lens 7, focused by the convex lens 8, and guided to the pinhole mask 3. The light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9. As for the display light, when the user moves the eye 9 to look up, the upper part of the virtual image 50 enters the eye, and when the user looks down, the lower part of the virtual image 50 enters the eye. The display light is displayed superimposed on the object light (20a to 20c).
　遮光パネル４は、具体的には液晶シャッタであり、電圧を変えることによって光の透過性が変化するものである。液晶シャッタは、２次元マトリクスのピクセル単位に、必要なピクセル位置だけ光を透過させたり、透過させなかったりすることが可能である。カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ａは、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１における共焦点以外の焦点に入射する物体光の上側に設けられ、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｂは下側に設けられている。また、ハーフミラー６ａは上側、ハーフミラー６ｂは下側に設けられており、ハーフミラー６ａは、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ａにおいて形成された映像から出射されるディスプレイ光を反射し、ハーフミラー６ｂは、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｂにおいて形成された映像から出射されるディスプレイ光を反射する役割を果たす。 Specifically, the light-shielding panel 4 is a liquid crystal shutter, and the light transmission property changes by changing the voltage. The liquid crystal shutter can transmit or not transmit light only at a required pixel position in pixel units of a two-dimensional matrix. The color liquid crystal display 5a is provided on the upper side of the object light incident on a focal point other than the confocal in the first elliptical concave mirror 21, and the color liquid crystal display 5b is provided on the lower side. Further, the half mirror 6a is provided on the upper side and the half mirror 6b is provided on the lower side. The half mirror 6a reflects the display light emitted from the image formed on the color liquid crystal display 5a, and the half mirror 6b is a color. It plays a role of reflecting the display light emitted from the image formed on the liquid crystal display 5b.
　図５は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の視認映像のイメージ図であり、（１）は遮光パネルが設けられない又は遮光を行わない場合、（２）は、遮光を行った場合を示している。図中の視認映像１２では、図４と同様に、前景としてリング状の表示映像１４が表示され、後景として直方体形状の物体１１及び背景１３が表示されている。図５（１）に示すように、遮光パネルが設けられない又は遮光を行わない場合には、後景の映像が透過してしまうため、表示映像１４のコントラストが低下するという問題がある。具体的には、後景の内、より暗い配色となっている物体１１と重畳する表示映像１４の部位１４ａについては、黒色に表示されているが、より明るい配色となっている背景１３と重畳する表示映像１４の部位１４ｂについては、灰色に表示されている。
　これに対して、遮光パネル４により遮光を行った場合は、リング状の表示映像１４が、部位１４ａだけではなく、部位１４ｂについても黒色に表示されており、コントラストが向上していることが分かる。このように、遮光パネル４を設けることにより、ディスプレイで形成された映像のハーフミラーによる虚像５０を透けさせることなく、コントラストを高めて表示することが可能となる。また、図５（１）に示すように、あえてコントラストを低下させて表示するといったことも可能である。 FIG. 5 is an image diagram of a visual image of the see-through display device of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 (1) shows a case where a light-shielding panel is not provided or light-shielding is not performed, and FIG. There is. In the visual image 12 in the drawing, as in FIG. 4, a ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed as the foreground, and a rectangular parallelepiped object 11 and the background 13 are displayed as the background. As shown in FIG. 5 (1), if the light-shielding panel is not provided or light-shielding is not performed, the background image is transmitted, so that there is a problem that the contrast of the display image 14 is lowered. Specifically, in the background, the portion 14a of the display image 14 that is superimposed on the object 11 that has a darker color scheme is displayed in black, but is superimposed on the background 13 that has a brighter color scheme. The part 14b of the display image 14 to be displayed is displayed in gray.
On the other hand, when the light-shielding panel 4 is used to block light, the ring-shaped display image 14 is displayed in black not only for the part 14a but also for the part 14b, indicating that the contrast is improved. .. By providing the light-shielding panel 4 in this way, it is possible to increase the contrast and display the virtual image 50 formed by the half mirror of the image formed on the display without being transparent. Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (1), it is also possible to intentionally reduce the contrast and display the display.
　図２に示すように、凹レンズ７は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光を集光するものであり、凸レンズ８は、凹レンズ７において集光した光をさらに集束し、ピンホールマスク３に設けられたピンホール３ａへと誘導する。凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８が設けられることにより、凹レンズ７において集光した光を、凸レンズ８によって集束させてピンホールへ誘導することが可能となり、ピンホールを通過する光量を効果的に向上させることができる。
　ピンホール３ａを通過した光は第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射して、ユーザの眼９に到達する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the concave lens 7 collects the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21, and the convex lens 8 further focuses the light collected by the concave lens 7 on the pinhole mask 3. It guides to the provided pinhole 3a. By providing the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8, the light collected by the concave lens 7 can be focused by the convex lens 8 and guided to the pinhole, and the amount of light passing through the pinhole can be effectively improved. it can.
The light that has passed through the pinhole 3a is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reaches the user's eye 9.
　図７は、実施例２のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図を示している。また、図８は、実施例２のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。実施例２のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１００は、実施例１に示すシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１と同様に、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５及びハーフミラー６を備えるが、実施例１に示すシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１と異なり、集光レンズ系の凹レンズ及び凸レンズは用いていない。集光レンズ系を設けることにより、ピンホールを通過する光量を上げることができ、ユーザが視認する映像の明るさを向上させることができるが、この集光レンズ系を設けなくても、ユーザは十分に視認できる。
　図８に示すように、シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１００を用いて、遠方の景色や近くの物を見ると、景色や物から到来する物体光１０は、遮光パネル４を通り、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１に入射し反射する。カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）から出射されたディスプレイ光は、ハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）により反射された後、物体光１０と同様に、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１に入射し反射する。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、そのままピンホールマスク３へと誘導され、ピンホールマスク３へと誘導された光は、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２に入射し反射して、ユーザの眼９に到達する。 FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the second embodiment. Further, FIG. 8 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the second embodiment. The see-through type display device 100 of the second embodiment is the same as the see-through type display device 1 shown in the first embodiment, that is, the first elliptical concave mirror 21, the second elliptical concave mirror 22, the pinhole mask 3, the light-shielding panel 4, and the color liquid crystal display. The display 5 and the half mirror 6 are provided, but unlike the see-through type display device 1 shown in the first embodiment, the concave lens and the convex lens of the condenser lens system are not used. By providing the condenser lens system, the amount of light passing through the pinhole can be increased and the brightness of the image visually recognized by the user can be improved. However, even if the condenser lens system is not provided, the user can use the condenser lens system. It is fully visible.
As shown in FIG. 8, when a distant landscape or a nearby object is viewed using the see-through display device 100, the object light 10 coming from the landscape or the object passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and the first elliptical concave mirror 21. It is incident on and reflected. The display light emitted from the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b) is reflected by the half mirrors (6a, 6b), and then, like the object light 10, is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and reflected. The light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is directly guided to the pinhole mask 3, and the light guided to the pinhole mask 3 is incident on the second elliptical concave mirror 22 and reflected by the user's eye. Reach 9
　図９は、実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図を示している。実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０１は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５、ハーフミラー６、凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８から構成されている。すなわち、実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０１は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１とは異なり、ピンホールマスク３が設けられていない構成である。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、凹レンズ７を通過した後、レンズ７の光軸に沿って進み、凸レンズ８によって集光される。実施例１では集光点にピンホールマスク３があったが、本実施例の場合、ピンホールマスク３を介することなく、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。 FIG. 9 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through type display device of the third embodiment. The see-through display device 101 of the third embodiment is composed of a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, a half mirror 6, a concave lens 7, and a convex lens 8. That is, unlike the see-through type display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through type display device 101 of the third embodiment has a configuration in which the pinhole mask 3 is not provided. The light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 passes through the concave lens 7, travels along the optical axis of the lens 7, and is collected by the convex lens 8. In the first embodiment, there was a pinhole mask 3 at the condensing point, but in the case of the present embodiment, the light is reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22 without passing through the pinhole mask 3 and reaches the user's eye 9.
　図１０は、実施例３のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０１は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）、ハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）、集光レンズ系１５の凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８から構成される。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、凹レンズ７を通過した後、レンズ７の光軸に沿って進み、凸レンズ８によって集光されることにより、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１で反射する光を多く取り込むことができ、ユーザの眼に到達する光量を増やし、ユーザが明るい視野を得ることができる。なお、本実施例のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０１には、ピンホールマスク３が設けられていないことから、若干、像がぼやけることになる。 FIG. 10 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the third embodiment. The see-through type display device 101 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a concave lens 7 of a condenser lens system 15. And a convex lens 8. The light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 passes through the concave lens 7, travels along the optical axis of the lens 7, and is collected by the convex lens 8, so that the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is reflected. A large amount can be captured, the amount of light reaching the user's eye can be increased, and the user can obtain a bright field of view. Since the see-through display device 101 of this embodiment is not provided with the pinhole mask 3, the image is slightly blurred.
　図１１は、実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の機能ブロック図を示している。実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０２は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５及びハーフミラー６から構成されている。すなわち、実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０１は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１とは異なり、ピンホールマスク３、凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８が設けられていない構成である。
　図１２は、実施例４のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０２は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）及びハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）から構成される。
　このように、シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０２は、ピンホールマスク３、凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８が設けられない構成とすることで、よりシンプルな構造とすることができ、装置の低コスト化が図れる。また、装置の軽量化、コンパクト化を図ることができる。 FIG. 11 shows a functional block diagram of the see-through display device of the fourth embodiment. The see-through display device 102 of the fourth embodiment is composed of a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5, and a half mirror 6. That is, unlike the see-through type display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through type display device 101 of the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which the pinhole mask 3, the concave lens 7, and the convex lens 8 are not provided.
FIG. 12 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fourth embodiment. The see-through display device 102 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), and a half mirror (6a, 6b).
As described above, the see-through type display device 102 can have a simpler structure by not providing the pinhole mask 3, the concave lens 7, and the convex lens 8, and the cost of the device can be reduced. In addition, the weight and compactness of the device can be reduced.
　図１３は、実施例５のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０３は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）、ハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）及び凸レンズ（８ａ，８ｂ）から構成される。
　シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０３は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１とは異なり、２枚の凸レンズ（８ａ，８ｂ）を備える。また、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１では、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１とピンホールマスク３の間に凹レンズ７及び凸レンズ８を配置するのに対し、実施例５のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０３では、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１とピンホールマスク３の間に凸レンズ８ａを配置し、ピンホールマスク３と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２の間に凸レンズ８ｂを配置する。これにより、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、凸レンズ８ａによって集光され、ピンホールマスク３を通過した後、光は拡がるが、凸レンズ８ｂによって集束され、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２において反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。 FIG. 13 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the fifth embodiment. The see-through display device 103 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 22, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b), a half mirror (6a, 6b), and a convex lens (8a). , 8b).
Unlike the see-through display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through display device 103 includes two convex lenses (8a, 8b). Further, in the see-through type display device 1 of the first embodiment, the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8 are arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the pinhole mask 3, whereas in the see-through type display device 103 of the fifth embodiment, the concave lens 7 and the convex lens 8 are arranged. A convex lens 8a is arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the pinhole mask 3, and a convex lens 8b is arranged between the pinhole mask 3 and the second elliptical concave mirror 22. As a result, the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the convex lens 8a, and after passing through the pinhole mask 3, the light spreads, but is focused by the convex lens 8b and reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 22. And reach the user's eye 9.
　図１４は、実施例６のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０４は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｃ、ハーフミラー６ｃ、反射鏡（１６ａ，１６ｂ）、平凹レンズ７０及び平凸レンズ８０から構成される。
　シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０４は、実施例１のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１とは異なり、反射鏡（１６ａ，１６ｂ）、平凹レンズ７０及び平凸レンズ８０を備える。すなわち、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１において反射した光は、平凹レンズ７０において集光され、平凸レンズ８０において集束し、反射鏡１６ａにより反射した後、ピンホールマスク３のピンホール３ａへと誘導される。更に、ピンホール３ａを通過した光は、反射鏡１６ｂ及び第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０により反射し、ユーザの眼９に到達する。本実施例の構成によれば、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０が、２焦点の１つを共焦点とし該共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置された構成ではない場合においても、反射鏡（１６ａ，１６ｂ）を用いて、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０の間隔を狭めつつ、画角を広く維持することができる。 FIG. 14 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the sixth embodiment. The see-through type display device 104 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 21, a second elliptical concave mirror 220, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5c, a half mirror 6c, reflectors (16a, 16b), and a plano-concave lens 70. And a plano-convex lens 80.
Unlike the see-through display device 1 of the first embodiment, the see-through display device 104 includes a reflector (16a, 16b), a plano-concave lens 70, and a plano-convex lens 80. That is, the light reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 21 is focused by the plano-concave lens 70, focused by the plano-convex lens 80, reflected by the reflector 16a, and then guided to the pinhole 3a of the pinhole mask 3. .. Further, the light that has passed through the pinhole 3a is reflected by the reflecting mirror 16b and the second elliptical concave mirror 220 and reaches the user's eye 9. According to the configuration of this embodiment, when the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 220 are not arranged so as to face each other with one of the two focal points as the cofocal point and the cofocal point as the symmetry point. Also, by using the reflectors (16a, 16b), the angle of view can be maintained wide while narrowing the distance between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the second elliptical concave mirror 220.
　すなわち、反射鏡（１６ａ，１６ｂ）を用いて共焦点の位置を制御することにより、装置のコンパクト化を図ることが可能である。また、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０は、実施例１に用いられる第２の楕円凹面鏡２２よりも小型のものを採用するため、かかる点においても装置のコンパクト化を図ることができる。また、実施例１においては、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ（５ａ，５ｂ）及びハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）は、現実世界の物体１１と第１の楕円凹面鏡２１の間に配置されていたが、実施例６のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０４では、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｃ及びハーフミラー６ｃは、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と平凹レンズ７０の間に配置されている。これにより、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１と平凹レンズ７０の間のスペースを有効利用でき、装置のコンパクト化を図れる構成となっている。 That is, by controlling the position of the confocal using the reflectors (16a, 16b), it is possible to make the device compact. Further, since the second elliptical concave mirror 220 is smaller than the second elliptical concave mirror 22 used in the first embodiment, the device can be made compact in this respect as well. Further, in the first embodiment, the light-shielding panel 4, the color liquid crystal display (5a, 5b) and the half mirror (6a, 6b) are arranged between the object 11 in the real world and the first elliptical concave mirror 21. In the see-through display device 104 of the sixth embodiment, the light-shielding panel 4, the color liquid crystal display 5c, and the half mirror 6c are arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the plano-concave lens 70. As a result, the space between the first elliptical concave mirror 21 and the plano-concave lens 70 can be effectively used, and the device can be made compact.
　図１５は、実施例７のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置の構成イメージ図を示している。シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０５は、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２１、ピンホールマスク３、遮光パネル４、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｄ、ハーフミラー６ｄ、反射鏡（１６ｃ～１６ｅ）、平凹レンズ（７０ａ，７０ｂ）及び平凸レンズ（８０ａ～８０ｃ）から構成される。遮光パネル４として、空間光変調器（spatial light modulator; SLM）を用い、物体光の空間分布を変調して、２次元画素単位の遮光パターンで遮光を行っている。
　シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０５は、実施例１～６のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置とは異なり、ユーザが装置１０５を装着した際に、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０の共焦点以外の焦点Ｆ１と、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２１の共焦点以外の焦点Ｆ１´とが、共に、正面を向いたユーザの眼９の眼球の光軸上（或いは視線上）にそれぞれ位置するように、第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡（２１０，２２１）が配置されている。これにより、物体１１から発せられる物体光１０ｅが第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０に入射した高さとユーザの眼９に届いた際の高さが略同一となり、装置１０５の装着時と非装着時の視野の同一性をより向上させている。
　図１５に示すように、物体光１０ｅは、遮光パネル４を通り、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０において反射する。遮光パネル４の機能や構造については、実施例１と同様である。第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０において反射した物体光１０ｅは、平凹レンズ７０ａにおいて集光され、平凸レンズ８０ａにおいて集束し、反射鏡１６ｃ、反射鏡１６ｄの順に反射した後、ピンホールマスク３のピンホール３ａへと誘導される。ピンホール３ａを通過した物体光２０ｄは、平凸レンズ８０ｂにおいて集光され、ハーフミラー６ｄ、反射鏡１６ｅの順に反射した後、平凹レンズ７０ｂにおいて集束し、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２１において反射して、ユーザの眼９に到達する。
　このように、図１５に示す光学系では、第１の楕円凹面鏡２１０と第２の楕円凹面鏡２２１がピンホール３ａに対して対称となっており、ピンホール３ａの位置に共焦点が位置するように構成されている。
　また、カラー液晶ディスプレイ５ｄから発せられたディスプレイ光３０は、平凸レンズ８０ｃにおいて集光され、ハーフミラー６ｄを透過した後、反射鏡１６ｅにおいて反射し、平凹レンズ７０ｂにおいて集束し、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２１において反射して、ユーザの眼９に到達する。
　このような構成とすることにより、ユーザが、シースルー型ディスプレイ装置１０５を使用せずに物体１１を見た場合と同じ高さの目線で、物体１１を視認できるため、違和感なく使用することができる。 FIG. 15 shows a configuration image diagram of the see-through type display device of the seventh embodiment. The see-through type display device 105 includes a first elliptical concave mirror 210, a second elliptical concave mirror 221, a pinhole mask 3, a light-shielding panel 4, a color liquid crystal display 5d, a half mirror 6d, a reflector (16c to 16e), and a plano-concave lens ( It is composed of 70a, 70b) and plano-convex lenses (80a to 80c). As the light-shielding panel 4, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to modulate the spatial distribution of object light, and light-shielding is performed by a light-shielding pattern in units of two-dimensional pixels.
Unlike the see-through display devices of Examples 1 to 6, the see-through type display device 105 has a focus F 1 other than the cofocal focus of the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and a second focus F 1 when the user wears the device 105. the focus F 1 'other than the confocal elliptical concave mirror 221, but both, so as to be positioned respectively on the optical axis of the eyeball of the user's eye 9 which faces the front (or line of sight), the first and second ellipse Concave mirrors (210,221) are arranged. As a result, the height at which the object light 10e emitted from the object 11 is incident on the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and the height when it reaches the user's eye 9 are substantially the same, and the field of view when the device 105 is attached and when the device 105 is not attached. The identity of is further improved.
As shown in FIG. 15, the object light 10e passes through the light-shielding panel 4 and is reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 210. The function and structure of the light-shielding panel 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The object light 10e reflected by the first elliptical concave mirror 210 is focused by the plano-concave lens 70a, focused by the plano-convex lens 80a, reflected in the order of the reflecting mirror 16c and the reflecting mirror 16d, and then pinhole 3a of the pinhole mask 3. Is guided to. The object light 20d that has passed through the pinhole 3a is focused by the plano-convex lens 80b, reflected in the order of the half mirror 6d and the reflecting mirror 16e, then focused by the plano-concave lens 70b, and reflected by the second elliptical concave mirror 221. Reach the user's eye 9.
As described above, in the optical system shown in FIG. 15, the first elliptical concave mirror 210 and the second elliptical concave mirror 221 are symmetrical with respect to the pinhole 3a, and the confocal is located at the position of the pinhole 3a. It is configured in.
Further, the display light 30 emitted from the color liquid crystal display 5d is focused by the plano-convex lens 80c, transmitted through the half mirror 6d, reflected by the reflecting mirror 16e, focused by the plano-concave lens 70b, and is focused by the second elliptical concave mirror. It reflects at 221 and reaches the user's eye 9.
With such a configuration, the user can visually recognize the object 11 from the same height as when the object 11 is viewed without using the see-through display device 105, so that the object 11 can be used without discomfort. ..
（その他の実施例）
１）ハーフミラーは、図２に示すハーフミラー（６ａ，６ｂ）のように、上下２面の配置が好ましいが、１面でもよく、また３面以上でもよい。１面のみ設けられる場合には、下側に設けられることが好ましい。３面以上の場合は、上下以外に左右に分割して配置することでもよい。
２）上述の実施例では、ユーザの眼の固定位置に、第２の楕円凹面鏡２２又は第２の楕円凹面鏡２２０の反射光が結像するように構成されているが、ユーザの眼の上下左右の動きに追従し、装置本体の位置が微調整される構成であってもよい。 (Other Examples)
1) The half mirror is preferably arranged on two upper and lower surfaces as in the half mirrors (6a and 6b) shown in FIG. 2, but may be one surface or three or more surfaces. When only one surface is provided, it is preferable to provide it on the lower side. In the case of three or more surfaces, it may be arranged separately on the left and right in addition to the top and bottom.
2) In the above embodiment, the reflected light of the second elliptical concave mirror 22 or the second elliptical concave mirror 220 is formed at a fixed position of the user's eye, but the upper, lower, left and right of the user's eye are formed. The position of the device main body may be finely adjusted according to the movement of the device.
　本発明は、光学シースルー型のディスプレイ装置に有用であり、特にヘッドマウントディスプレイ装置に有用である。 The present invention is useful for an optical see-through type display device, and particularly useful for a head-mounted display device.
　１，１００～１０５　シースルー型ディスプレイ装置
　２　楕円凹面鏡
　３　ピンホールマスク
　３ａ　ピンホール
　４　遮光パネル
　５，５ａ～５ｄ　カラー液晶ディスプレイ
　６，６ａ～６ｄ　ハーフミラー
　７　凹レンズ
　８，８ａ，８ｂ　凸レンズ
　９　ユーザの眼
　１０ａ～１０ｅ，２０ａ～２０ｄ　物体光
　１１　物体
　１２　視認映像
　１３　背景
　１４　表示映像
　１４ａ，１４ｂ　部位
　１５　集光レンズ系
　１６ａ～１６ｅ　反射鏡
　２１，２１０　第１の楕円凹面鏡
　２２，２２０，２２１　第２の楕円凹面鏡
　３０　ディスプレイ光
　５０　虚像
　７０，７０ａ，７０ｂ　平凹レンズ
　８０，８０ａ～８０ｃ　平凸レンズ 1,100-105 See-through type display device 2 Elliptical concave mirror 3 Pinhole mask 3a Pinhole 4 Shading panel 5,5a-5d Color liquid crystal display 6,6a-6d Half mirror 7 Concave lens 8,8a, 8b Convex lens 9 User's eye 10a ~ 10e, 20a ~ 20d Object light 11 Object 12 Visual image 13 Background 14 Display image 14a, 14b Part 15 Condensing lens system 16a ~ 16e Reflector 21, 210 First elliptical concave mirror 22, 220, 221 Second elliptical concave mirror 30 Display light 50 Fictitious image 70, 70a, 70b Plano- concave lens 80, 80a-80c Plano-convex lens

Claims (15)

  1. 　２焦点の１つを共焦点とする第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡を有し、第１の楕円凹面鏡の前記共焦点以外の焦点に入射する物体光を第２の楕円凹面鏡の前記共焦点以外の焦点に結像させる光学系と、
    　前記物体光を遮光しない位置に配置されたディスプレイと、
    　前記物体光の光路上に配置され、前記ディスプレイから出射されたディスプレイ光を前記物体光に重畳させる光学手段、
    　を備えたことを特徴とするシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。     It has first and second elliptical concave mirrors with one of the two focal points as the cofocal, and the object light incident on the focal point other than the cofocal of the first elliptical concave mirror is other than the cofocal of the second elliptical concave mirror. An optical system that forms an image at the focal point of
    A display arranged at a position that does not block the object light, and
    An optical means that is arranged on the optical path of the object light and superimposes the display light emitted from the display on the object light.
    A see-through display device characterized by being equipped with.
  2. 　第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡は、前記共焦点を対称点として互いに対向配置されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second elliptical concave mirrors are arranged so as to face each other with the confocal point as a point of symmetry.
  3. 　前記共焦点にピンホールを配置するピンホールマスクを更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a pinhole mask for arranging pinholes at the confocal.
  4. 　ユーザが装置を装着した際に、第１の楕円凹面鏡の前記共焦点以外の焦点と、第２の楕円凹面鏡の前記共焦点以外の焦点とが、共に、正面を向いたユーザの眼球の光軸上又は視線上に位置するように、第１及び第２の楕円凹面鏡が配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１～４の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 When the user wears the device, the non-cofocal focus of the first elliptical concave mirror and the non-cofocal focus of the second elliptical concave mirror are both the optical axes of the user's eyeball facing the front. The see-through display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second elliptical concave mirrors are arranged so as to be located above or on the line of sight.
  5. 　前記物体光を遮光し得る遮光パネルを更に備え、
    　前記遮光パネルは、第１の楕円凹面鏡における前記物体光の入射光路上であって、前記光学手段の前段に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１～４の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。     Further provided with a light-shielding panel capable of blocking the object light,
    The see-through display according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the light-shielding panel is on an incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror and is arranged in front of the optical means. apparatus.
  6. 　第１の楕円凹面鏡における前記物体光の反射光を前記共焦点に集光する集光レンズ系を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項１～５の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through type display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a condensing lens system that condenses the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror to the confocal.
  7. 　第１の楕円凹面鏡における前記物体光の反射光を前記共焦点に集光する第１の集光レンズ系と、前記共焦点を通過した光を集束する第２の集光レンズ系を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項１～５の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 Further provided is a first condensing lens system that focuses the reflected light of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror to the cofocal, and a second condensing lens system that focuses the light that has passed through the cofocal. The see-through type display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  8. 　前記集光レンズ系は、凹レンズと凸レンズから構成される系、又は、凹凸レンズから構成される系であることを特徴とする請求項６又は７に記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the condenser lens system is a system composed of a concave lens and a convex lens, or a system composed of a concave-convex lens.
  9. 　前記ディスプレイと前記光学手段が各２セット設けられ、
    　各々の前記光学手段は、前記物体光の上下の最大取り込み角に沿って傾斜配置され、
    　各々の前記ディスプレイから出射されたディスプレイ光が、前記物体光に重畳されたことを特徴とする請求項１～８の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。     Two sets of the display and the optical means are provided, and the display and the optical means are provided.
    Each of the optical means is tilted along the maximum vertical uptake angle of the object light.
    The see-through display device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the display light emitted from each of the displays is superimposed on the object light.
  10. 　前記最大取り込み角は、上が３０～３５°であり、下が４５～５０°であることを特徴とする請求項９に記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to claim 9, wherein the maximum capture angle is 30 to 35 ° at the top and 45 to 50 ° at the bottom.
  11. 　前記光学手段は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における前記物体光の入射光路上に配置され、
    　前記ディスプレイは、第１の楕円凹面鏡と前記物体光を発する物体の間で、かつ、前記物体光を遮光しない位置に配置された、ことを特徴とする請求項１～１０の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。     The optical means is arranged on the incident light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror.
    The display according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the display is arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror and the object that emits the object light and at a position that does not block the object light. See-through display device.
  12. 　前記光学手段は、第１の楕円凹面鏡における前記物体光の反射光路上に配置され、
    　前記ディスプレイは、第１の楕円凹面鏡と第２の楕円凹面鏡の間で、かつ、前記物体光を遮光しない位置に配置された、ことを特徴とする請求項１～１０の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。     The optical means is arranged on the reflected light path of the object light in the first elliptical concave mirror.
    The see-through according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the display is arranged between the first elliptical concave mirror and the second elliptical concave mirror at a position that does not block the object light. Type display device.
  13. 　前記光学手段は、ハーフミラー、又は、ビームスプリッタであることを特徴とする請求項１～１２の何れかに記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the optical means is a half mirror or a beam splitter.
  14. 　前記遮光パネルは、空間光変調器を用いて、前記物体光の空間分布を変調して２次元的に遮光することを特徴とする請求項５に記載のシースルー型ディスプレイ装置。 The see-through display device according to claim 5, wherein the light-shielding panel uses a spatial light modulator to modulate the spatial distribution of the object light to two-dimensionally block light.
  15. 　請求項１～１４の何れかのシースルー型ディスプレイ装置を備えたヘッドマウントディスプレイ装置。 A head-mounted display device including the see-through display device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
PCT/JP2020/038512 2019-10-12 2020-10-12 See-through display device WO2021070970A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0651264A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-02-25 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Head-mounted image display device
JPH07274097A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-20 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Visula sense display device
JP2001290102A (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-10-19 Fujitsu Ltd Display device
US6504658B1 (en) * 1997-08-01 2003-01-07 Sextant Avionique Optical device for helmet visor comprising aspheric mirror
JP2015519595A (en) * 2012-04-05 2015-07-09 マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッド Device for optical see-through head mounted display with mutual shielding and opacity control capability

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0651264A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-02-25 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Head-mounted image display device
JPH07274097A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-20 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Visula sense display device
US6504658B1 (en) * 1997-08-01 2003-01-07 Sextant Avionique Optical device for helmet visor comprising aspheric mirror
JP2001290102A (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-10-19 Fujitsu Ltd Display device
JP2015519595A (en) * 2012-04-05 2015-07-09 マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッド Device for optical see-through head mounted display with mutual shielding and opacity control capability

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