WO2021070095A1 - Récepteur de transfert de puissance inductive - Google Patents

Récepteur de transfert de puissance inductive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021070095A1
WO2021070095A1 PCT/IB2020/059443 IB2020059443W WO2021070095A1 WO 2021070095 A1 WO2021070095 A1 WO 2021070095A1 IB 2020059443 W IB2020059443 W IB 2020059443W WO 2021070095 A1 WO2021070095 A1 WO 2021070095A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ipt
inductor
power transfer
secondary circuit
inductive power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/059443
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hao HAO
Original Assignee
Intdevice Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2019903782A external-priority patent/AU2019903782A0/en
Application filed by Intdevice Limited filed Critical Intdevice Limited
Priority to CN202090000911.3U priority Critical patent/CN220307098U/zh
Publication of WO2021070095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021070095A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H04B5/79—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/125—Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H04B5/266—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in respect of inductive power transfer, and inductive power transfer receiver circuits in particular.
  • a common type of conventional inductive power transfer (IPT) system has a primary circuit with a primary inductive pad and a secondary circuit with a secondary inductive pad inductively coupled to the primary pad to receive power from the primary circuit.
  • the secondary circuit is often referred to as a receiver.
  • the secondary circuit often has a parallel resonant circuit, referred to as a resonant tank in which an AC signal is caused to resonate by the primary circuit to transfer power to the 'tank'.
  • the secondary circuit can affect both an AC current in the primary circuit and the power that is transferred by coupling.
  • IPT systems commonly supply a Direct Current (DC) to a load such as a battery.
  • DC Direct Current
  • the secondary circuit is provided with a diode rectifier and a DC inductor in series with the battery.
  • the DC inductor in series with the load serves the purpose of mitigating ripple in the DC from the rectifier to provide a DC current to the battery that meets a specification for ripple.
  • Challenges in providing conventional IPT secondary circuits arises from the DC inductor needing to have a large enough inductance to avoid saturation of a ferrite in the inductor due to a large peak inductor current and to also mitigate ripple. Challenges can arise from the size or weight of the inductor. Challenges also rise from the component costs of the DC inductor.
  • IPT secondary circuit can be larger in volume than ideal for various applications. This is often a result of the requirements of the DC inductor and or the DC capacitor to achieve given performance.
  • the invention provides an inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit operable to receive inductive power supplied by an IPT primary circuit over an inductive link and operable to supply direct current (DC) power to a load with the DC power supplied within a specification for ripple on the direct current,
  • the IPT secondary circuit comprising a DC supply circuit having a DC inductor of selected inductance connected in series with terminals for a load, the IPT secondary circuit characterised in that a DC capacitor is connected between an input of the DC inductor opposite a terminal for the load and ground, wherein the capacitance is selected to control the voltage ripple into the DC inductor to prevent saturation of the inductor of the selected inductance.
  • the capacitance may be selected to control the voltage ripple into the DC inductor to control the current ripple into the load.
  • the capacitance may be selected to control the voltage ripple into the DC inductor to prevent saturation of the inductor of the selected inductance.
  • the capacitance may be selected so as to control ripple on the direct current in the DC inductor.
  • the control may be to reduce ripple on the current in the DC inductor to a specified maximum ripple.
  • the specified maximum ripple may be specified dependent on an inductance selected for the DC inductor.
  • the selected inductance may be 25uH or less.
  • the selected inductance may be the stray inductance, or differential mode inductance, of a common mode choke.
  • the selected inductance may be implemented as two separate inductors, each connected to one terminal of the load with the DC capacitance connected in parallel with series combination of the two inductors and the load.
  • the total inductance of the two separate inductors equals to the selected inductance.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor. There may be two AC inductors.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • the invention provides an inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit operable to receive inductive power supplied by an IPT primary circuit over an inductive link and operable to supply direct current (DC) power to a load with the DC power supplied within a specification for ripple on the direct current, the IPT secondary circuit comprising DC supply circuit having a DC inductor connected in series with terminals for a load, the IPT secondary circuit characterised in that the DC inductor comprises a common mode choke.
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • the DC supply circuit comprises a capacitor connected between an input of the DC inductor opposite a terminal for the load and DC ground wherein the capacitance of the capacitor is such to reduce the peak current through the inductor to be insufficient to saturate the inductor and/or to require a larger inductor ferrite core to avoid saturation.
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • DC direct current
  • the IPT secondary circuit comprising a parallel resonant tank circuit, a diode rectifier and a DC supply circuit having a DC inductor connected in series with terminals for the load, the IPT secondary circuit comprising a capacitor connected so as to provide a low impedance return path for reverse recovery currents of diodes in the rectifier, preferably the capacitor is a DC capacitor connected to DC positive output of the rectifier and DC ground.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • the capacitor may be arranged to return the reverse recovery current to its source through junction capacitance of the diode in the same leg of the rectifier.
  • the capacitor may be connected at an input junction to a DC inductor of the DC supply circuit so the DC inductor forms a high impedance path between the reverse recovery current and the load compared to the path through the capacitor. This may further prevent the reverse recovery current from reaching the load.
  • the secondary circuit may comprise an inductor connected between the parallel resonant tank and the rectifier to provide a high impedance path between the resonant tank and the parallel resonator to prevent the diode reverse recovery current from entering the resonant tank. This may prevent the reverse recovery current from radiating through secondary magnetic structure.
  • an inductive power transfer (IPT) receiver circuit operable to receive power inductively at an inductive receiver coil and operable to supply direct current (DC) power to a load
  • the receiver circuit comprises: a resonant tank circuit for an Alternating Current (AC) current connected to inductive receiver coil, a rectifier connected to the resonant tank circuit; a direct current (DC) supply circuit connected to the rectifier to supply DC power to the load; wherein the DC supply circuit comprises a series DC inductor connected in series with the load, and wherein the DC circuit comprises a DC capacitance in parallel with series combination of the DC inductor and the load.
  • AC Alternating Current
  • DC direct current
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • DC direct current
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • An inductive power transfer (IPT) receiver circuit operable to receive power inductively at an inductive receiver coil and operable to supply direct current (DC) power to a load
  • the receiver circuit comprises: a resonant tank circuit for an Alternating Current (AC) current connected to inductive receiver coil, a rectifier connected to the resonant tank circuit; a direct current (DC) supply circuit connected to the rectifier to supply DC power to the load; wherein the DC supply circuit comprises a series DC inductor connected in series with the load, and wherein the DC circuit comprises a capacitor in parallel with series combination of the DC inductor and the load, and wherein the receiver circuit comprises a series AC inductor connected between the resonant tank and the rectifier.
  • AC Alternating Current
  • DC direct current
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a second series AC inductor connected between the resonant tank and the rectifier.
  • the series AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two series AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the first and second series AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • the capacitor and the inductor connected between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to prevent the DC capacitor from discontinuing the current in the rectifier.
  • the capacitor and the inductor connected between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to prevent higher order harmonics being introduced into the current through the rectifier.
  • the capacitor and the inductor connected between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to prevent higher order harmonics being introduced into the current in the resonant tank.
  • the capacitor and the inductor between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to provide a low impedance for reverse recovery current from one or more diodes in the rectifier returning to the source diodes and a high impedance to prevent the reverse recovery currents from entering the resonant tank and radiate out from the secondary inductive pad.
  • the capacitor and the inductor between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to be in a regime to meet a current ripple specification for the current in the DC inductor and a specification for higher order harmonics in the signal in the resonant tank.
  • the capacitor and the inductor between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to be in a regime to meet a current ripple specification for the current in the DC inductor and a specification for the waveform in the resonant tank and/or rectifier.
  • the capacitor and inductor between the resonant tank and rectifier may have component values selected to prevent the DC capacitor from discontinuing the current in the rectifier and to maintain the voltage ripple at an input of the DC inductor of a given value to a specified maximum value.
  • An inductive power transfer (IPT) receiver circuit operable to supply direct current (DC) power to a load
  • the receiver circuit comprises: a resonant alternating current (AC) circuit with an inductive receiver coil; a rectifier connected to the resonant AC circuit; and a direct current (DC) supply circuit connected to the rectifier to supply DC power to the load; wherein the DC circuit comprises a DC inductor in series with the load, and wherein the DC circuit comprises a DC capacitor in parallel with series combination of the load and the DC inductor.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise at least one AC inductor. There may be two AC inductors.
  • the inductive power transfer (IPT) secondary circuit may further comprise a rectifier for provide DC power.
  • the at least one AC inductor may be in series with an input of the rectifier.
  • the two AC inductors may have the same inductance.
  • the rectifier may comprise two inputs, each input respectively connected to the two AC inductors.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance in a range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • the at least one AC inductor may have a combined inductance of:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage across receiving coil when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor
  • the resonant AC circuit may comprise an inductor in series with the inductive receiver to decouple the DC capacitor from a tuning capacitor in the resonant AC circuit.
  • the tuning capacitor is typically in parallel with the inductive receiver coil.
  • the DC inductor may be provided by a stray inductance or differential mode inductance of a common mode choke.
  • the DC inductor may also be split into two separate inductors with each inductor connected to one terminal of the load.
  • the inductance of the two separate inductors maybe equal or different.
  • This structure may help block rectifier reverse recovery noise to the load.
  • the resonant AC circuit may comprise an inductor in series with the inductive receiver selected to provide tuning for the secondary circuit with a given capacitance value selected for the DC capacitor.
  • the DC capacitor may have an average voltage rating of a supply voltage of the load plus tolerance of a peak voltage ripple at an input of the DC inductor.
  • the DC capacitance may be selected dependent on a specification for current ripple of the DC inductor.
  • a larger DC capacitance reduces current ripple in the DC inductor, which reduces AC losses in the DC inductor.
  • the DC capacitance may be selected such that combined AC and DC losses in the DC inductor cause a temperature rise in the DC inductor that is below a defined specification for temperature rise.
  • IPT inductive power transfer
  • the circuit has a resonant alternating current (AC) circuit with an inductive receiver coil and an AC resonant capacitor.
  • the circuit also has a rectifier connected to the to the resonant AC circuit.
  • the circuit also has an AC inductor that connects the resonant AC circuit and the rectifier.
  • the circuit also has a direct current (DC) supply circuit connected to the rectifier to supply DC power to the load.
  • the DC circuit has a DC inductor in series with the load.
  • the DC circuit has a DC capacitance in parallel with series combination of the DC inductor and the load.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of an IPT secondary circuit, or receiver circuit
  • Figure 2 shows a plot of the voltages at the input of a DC inductor of the circuit of figure 1 and 4;
  • Figure 3 shows a plot of the voltage across the DC inductor of the circuit of figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of an IPT secondary circuit or receiver according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a plot of a voltage across the DC inductor (common mode choke) and voltage across DC capacitor for the circuit in figure 4
  • Figure 6 shows a plot of voltage of resonant tank and current into rectifier 5 without an AC inductor (Lsi) between resonant tank and rectifier) and also compares harmonics contents with and without Lsi for the proposed topology shown in figure 4;
  • Figure 7 shows a comparison of voltages across the resonant tank, rectifier input current and secondary pad current harmonics of an IPT secondary circuit of Figure 4 with different values of an inductance connected between the resonant tank and the rectifier;
  • Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of an IPT secondary circuit according to the invention.
  • An IPT secondary or receiver circuit 1 is shown in figure 1.
  • the IPT secondary of this example is a parallel tuned IPT secondary circuit.
  • An IPT secondary circuit has an inductive coil or pad 3, Lst, in which an AC current is excited by a cooperating inductive coil (not shown) of a primary circuit (not shown).
  • the inductive coils associated with the primary IPT circuit (not shown) and secondary circuit, Lst may also be known as primary pad and secondary pad respectively.
  • the inductive coil of the primary circuit may also be referred to as a base pad and the inductive coil of the secondary may be referred to as a receiver or vehicle pad.
  • the IPT secondary circuit 1 has a parallel resonant circuit, or parallel resonant tank, 2 with an inductive pad 3 with inductance Lst and an AC capacitor 4 with capacitance Cst in parallel with the inductor 3.
  • a second capacitance 6 with value Csi is also connected in series with the inductor 3 between node 7, B, and node 8b, D.
  • An AC voltage source 5 represents an open circuit AC voltage Voc induced by a current in the primary IPT circuit (not shown).
  • the primary circuit may also be known as a base pad circuit (not shown).
  • the Root mean squared RMS value of Voc is defined as:
  • the secondary circuit 1 as shown in figure 1 has a diode rectifier 9 connected across nodes 8a, C and 8 b, D.
  • the rectifier 9 has output terminals 10, F, and 11, G, which provides a rectified DC signal for a DC supply circuit 12 and acts as input terminals for the DC supply circuit.
  • the DC circuit 12 has an output node 13, H.
  • a load 14 is shown connected between the node 13, H, and ground 15.
  • the load is a battery connected to the DC supply circuit by leads which cause a lead inductance 16.
  • Vbat can refer to the voltage across a load more generally (in situations where the load is not a battery).
  • the DC supply circuit 12 has a DC inductor 17 with inductance LDC.
  • the inductance value, LDC needs to be sufficient to ensure continuous conduction of current from the rectifier.
  • the inductor 17 must have inductance value, coils architecture and ferrite architecture which does not saturate at the peak current from the rectifier 9 through the inductor 17. This current is dependent on the power requirements and voltage of the load, and the value of inductance 17, so the inductance needs to be selected dependent on a current ripple specification for the load.
  • high frequency Litz wiring and constraints in minimum core cross-section are required also to prevent saturation.
  • inductance LDC of is also dependent on requirements of power through the parallel resonant tank 2 to the load 14.
  • the inductance LDC also is selected dependent on a specification for ripple in the DC current ripple current for the load 14.
  • the circuit of figure 1 is adapted for supplying a 420V battery with approximately 6KW of DC power.
  • a typical minimum Ldc is approximately 25uH to achieve continuous conduction, but more likely lOOuH, to reduce AC ripple current in Ldc and load current.
  • the DC supply circuit 12 also requires a DC capacitor 18 with value Cdc to further condition the output DC current by smoothing the AC current through the inductor 17 and into the load 14.
  • Typical values for the capacitance Cdc is above lOOuF, which is required to achieve low current ripple into the load 14.
  • the value of inductance 16 is system dependent and may be hard to select or control.
  • the load 14 can be a battery, a resistor or a DC-DC converter that powers other loads.
  • the following analysis assumes the load is a battery of an electric vehicle and its voltage is Vbat. Vbat is typically between 270V and 420V.
  • the resonant circuit 2 has a resonance for an AC current driven by an AC current at the same frequency in the primary circuit (not shown).
  • the requirement for resonance at a given frequency is achieved by selection of inductance 3 and capacitances 4 and 6.
  • the reader will appreciate that the large inductor 17 connected at an output of the rectifier will not significantly detune the AC resonant tank 2. This may allow the resonant tank 2 to be specified dependent on the primary circuit and allow the DC power circuit to be specified for the load.
  • Equation 2 describes a rectified sinusoidal signal, with a peak voltage that is dependent on (battery) load voltage Vbat.
  • the voltage 120 at node G is a rectified sine wave, so the voltage ripple is pi*Vbat/2, which is roughly 660V for a Vbat of 420V as shown in Figure 2.
  • the voltage at node H is Vbat.
  • Figure 3 shows a plot 123 of the voltage across nodes G to H for the circuit in figure 1. As shown it is a rectified sinusoid of approximately 600 Volts peak-to-peak with a -420V offset.
  • d(Ii_)/dt VGH(t)/l_Dc Equation 4
  • Equation 4 indicates that inductor current ripple increases with larger voltage ripple across inductor 17, LDC, and decreases with a larger inductance, Ldc of the inductor 17.
  • the AC current ripple in the DC inductor 17 of figure 1 Ldc is approximately inversely proportional to the inductance value of LDC. Therefore, smaller DC inductors used in the circuit of figure 1 can lead to high peak inductor current.
  • the high AC ripple current requires special low-loss wires, known to the reader, for the inductor for small LDC values, adding cost to the secondary circuit.
  • DC wires may typically have too much loss at the ripple current frequency. Special wires may be needed. These include 'Litz' wires, flat wires and other wires that are designed to have low AC resistance at the ripple current frequency.
  • the shape of the input current of the rectifier 9 (the current that flows into nodes E and F in figure 1) is square. This is due to the large DC inductor that maintains current flow in Ldc. As a result, rectifier diodes in the topology of figure 1 are forced to turn off with a high di/dt, which leads to a large reverse recovery current and charge at diode turn-off.
  • This reverse recovery current flows into the parallel tuned resonant tank with most of it flowing through capacitor 4, Cst and the remaining flowing through L s t and C S i.
  • the reverse recovery current in L s t can emit into free space, causing undesirable EMI.
  • the reverse recovery currents for 9a, Da and 9b, Db enter the resonant tank and return through 9b, Db and 9a, Da, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram for an IPT secondary or receiver circuit 21 according to a 15 preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the IPT secondary circuit 21 of this example is a parallel tuned IPT secondary circuit.
  • IPT secondary circuit has an inductive coil (not shown) in which an AC current is excited by a cooperating inductive coil (not shown) of a primary circuit (not shown).
  • the inductive coils associated with the primary IPT circuit (not shown) and secondary circuit (not shown) may also be known as primary pad and secondary pad respectively.
  • the inductive coil of the primary circuit may also be referred to as a base pad and the inductive coil 23 of the secondary may be referred to as a receiver or vehicle pad.
  • the IPT secondary circuit 21 has a parallel resonant circuit, or parallel resonant tank, 22 with an inductor 23 with inductance Lst and a capacitor 26 with capacitance Cst in parallel with the inductor 23.
  • a second capacitance 24 with value Csi is also connected in series with the inductor 23 and between node 28a, B, and node 28b, D.
  • An AC voltage source 25 represents an open circuit AC voltage Voc induced by a current in the primary IPT circuit (not shown).
  • the Root mean squared RMS value of Voc is defined as:
  • Ii_ P t,RMs is the RMS current in the IPT primary pad
  • M is the mutual coupling between primary and secondary pads
  • f is IPT frequency
  • the resonant circuit 22 has a resonance for an AC current driven by an AC current at the same frequency in the primary circuit (not shown).
  • Figure 4 shows the IPT secondary circuit 21 having a diode rectifier 29 with output terminals 30, G, and 50, H, for connection of a DC supply circuit 32.
  • the DC supply circuit supplies DC current with a specified maximum current ripple at terminal 33 for a load 34 connected between the terminal 33 and ground.
  • the inductance 36 represents a parasitic inductance of leads (not shown) to a load, which is a 420 Volt battery supplied with a 6.6KW DC current in this example.
  • the IPT circuit of figure 4 has a small capacitor 43 with capacitance Cdc, connected after the rectifier 29 between the node 50, H, and node 37 at the input to inductor 40.
  • the inductor 40 is provided by the stray inductance or differential mode inductance of a common mode choke.
  • the capacitor 39 before Ldc reduces the voltage ripple at node 30 or 37 G compared to the topology of figure 1, as shown in figure 2.
  • the typical capacitance Cdc of capacitor 39 of this embodiment is in a range of 0.5 microfarad to a few microfarads selected for a specification of voltage ripple at the input of inductor 40 for a selected inductor 40 and specification for ripple at the load 34.
  • the load is a battery with a voltage Vbat.
  • the average DC voltage across Cdc is Vbat with a small ripple on top of the average DC voltage.
  • the magnitude of this ripple voltage is significantly smaller than that of the conventional topology.
  • a smaller DC ripple is achieved with a larger value Cdc of capacitor 39 and vice versa.
  • the inductor 40 is provided by a common mode choke. This is possible because the required inductance LDC of inductor 40 is typically less than 25uH.
  • an end of the inductor 37 Ldc connects to node 30, G, which has an average value of Vbat and an AC voltage ripple that is inversely proportional to CDC and typically under 10V for Cdc values larger than 3uF.
  • the other end of the inductor Ldc directly connects to battery, which can be treated as a constant voltage source. Therefore, the voltage ripple across Ldc is the AC voltage ripple at node 30 G.
  • Figure 5 shows the voltage 101 across the DC inductor 40 of figure 4. As shown the voltage across the DC inductor 40 is a sinusoidal voltage of approximately 8 Volts peak-to- peak with an average voltage of 0V. This is significantly lower than the circuit shown in figure 1.
  • Figure 5 also shows a similar plot of a rectified voltage 102 at node G, which is a rectified sinusoid of approximately 8 Volts peak-to-peak with an average voltage of the battery load of 420 Volts.
  • Figure 4 also shows an AC inductor 41, with value Lsi/2, connected in series between node 28 of the resonant circuit 22 and node 42, E, of the rectifier.
  • An identical inductor 44, with value Lsi/2, is connected between node 31, F, of the rectifier and node 27, C, of the resonant circuit 22.
  • Value of Lsi is chosen to ensure continuous conduction current through the inductors 41 and 44, Lsi. Theoretically, its minimum value is determined to be:
  • Vbat is voltage across the load 34 (e.g. battery voltage)
  • Voc is induced voltage 25 across receiving coil 23 when the coil is open
  • Cst is capacitance of AC capacitor 26 Equation 6
  • values of in this embodiment are between 20uH and 60uH.
  • the rectifier 29 is made of diodes 29a, Da , 29b, Db , 29c, Dc and 29d, Dd. These need to have a reverse voltage rating only equivalent to the voltage across capacitor 39, Cdc.
  • Figure 3 shows the voltage 121 at Node G of the circuit 21 and shows the peak-to-peak voltage ripple 122 in the inductor 40.
  • voltage ripple at node G is approximately inversely proportional to the capacitance value DDC. 120 Therefore the value Cdc of the capacitor 39 can be selected dependent on a specification of current ripple at the load, dependent on available inductance for a common mode choke, and dependent on a selected inductance for the inductor 40 or can be selected dependent on a combination of these.
  • a workable DC inductance for inductor 40, LDC can be less than 25uH. This can be provided by the stray inductance or differential mode inductance of common mode choke.
  • the inductance of leads to the load, Dead is typically depends on the physical layout and is uncontrollable, and difficult to include in and design of DC filtering for the load current.
  • Common mode chokes typically have very high common mode inductances (in the range of mFI) to block common mode currents and much smaller differential mode or stray inductances (typical range from a few micro Flenry to around 20 micro Flenry).
  • a TDKTM common mode choke B82726E6203B041 is rated for 20A of DC current. It has a common mode inductance of 2.7mFI and a stray or differential mode inductance of 19uFI. Its DC resistance is 4.4mOhms and AC resistance is O.50hms (measured at 170kFlz with DC biasing up to 20A). Provided AC current ripple can be controlled to be less than a few Amperes, the AC losses in the winding can be kept very small. In addition, AC current ripple does not cause excessive core loss. This is due to flux cancelation in the core.
  • Capacitor 43, C 0 may also be added to further reduce output current ripple into the battery. However, the applicant has observed that capacitor 43, G > , could be eliminated in other embodiments of the invention.
  • the capacitance value C 0 may be a few microfarads.
  • Figure 6 shows resonant tank voltage 124 and rectifier input current 125 without inductors 41 and 44, Lsi. This is because power flows from AC side to DC side only when the absolute resonant tank voltage is two times the diode forward voltage higher than voltage across capacitor 39, Cdc.
  • the voltage across capacitor 39 has an average voltage of load voltage and an AC voltage ripple. As a result, the voltage across resonant tank is clamped at the voltage of capacitor 39, Cdc, for part of a cycle.
  • the combined value inductors 41 and 44, Lsi is selected to ensure continuous current conduction through Lsi to improve output power.
  • Lsi has a value selected typically in range from 20uH to 60uH.
  • Lsi is implemented as two inductors each with half the inductance Lsi to improve EMI performance of the circuit 21.
  • Inductors 41 and 44 of the circuit of figure 4 also prevent diode reverse recovery currents from entering the resonant tank, so it cannot couple to the primary side or emit into free space through base and vehicle pads.
  • the reverse recovery current instead flows through the junction capacitance of the diode in the same leg and capacitor 39, Cdc.
  • reverse recovery current of 29a, Da flows through junction capacitance of 29c, Dc, capacitor 39, Cdc, and back to 20 29a, D a .
  • the common mode choke or Ldc , 40 provides a high impedance between secondary and load so that the diode reverse recovery current cannot enter the load.
  • Inductors 41 and 44 also reduces the di/dt of rectifier input current at diode reverse recovery instances, which significantly reduces the diode reverse recovery current and charge in the first place.
  • the combined inductance of inductors 41 and 44 also affects the harmonics in secondary pad current and output power level. is too small, current in Lsi becomes discontinuous, which generates harmonics into the resonant tank due to the shape changes in the current waveform.
  • the harmonics is injected into the resonant tank and can radiate out into free space via vehicle pad, generating EMI problems. By making larger, its current becomes continuous, reducing the high frequency harmonics contents. Simulation results for of lOuH and 40uH are shown in figure 7.
  • rectifier input current which is also the Lsi current
  • the larger inductance makes Lsi current continuous and helps to reduce harmonics current in vehicle pad.
  • the inductors 41 and 44, Lsi improve EMI performance and also increases output power.
  • the circuit 21 of the preferred embodiment provides an IPT secondary circuit with a DC supply circuit 12 in which the DC inductance is provided by a common-mode choke, which provides a sufficient inductance to a differential mode current but is physically small, lightweight, mitigates common-more current ripple.
  • inductors must be designed to avoid saturation of the inductor core at the highest inductor current.
  • the circuit of the preferred embodiment constrains the voltage ripple at node 30, G, and current ripple through the inductor 40, which allows a common mode choke to provide sufficient differential mode or stray inductance to maintain constant current, avoid saturation in the differential mode, allow the use of economical winding wire and mitigate common-mode current ripple.
  • the common-mode choke may not lead to significant increase in weight, footprint, volume and cost compared to the inductor 17 of figure 1. The synergy of these advantages is illustrated in an example.
  • inductors A and B are required to have the same inductance, but A has a higher peak current then Inductor A will need to have either a larger air gap or less turns, which both reduce inductance and must be compensated by having a larger core cross section area that increases the overall volume of core material and cost.
  • Table 2 Combinations of Cdc and Ldc value to control Load Current Ripple for the Topology of Figure 4
  • Tables 1 and 2 illustrate synergy in the circuit of figure 4 in order to reach a load ripple current specification of 0.23A, values of Cdc and Ldc of the topology of figure 1 can be 15 times larger than those of the topology of figure 4.
  • the ripple on the current output to the load is determined approximately by a product of the Cdc and Lstray.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention realizes DC filtering by the topology of figure 4 using the stray inductance of a common mode choke, thus achieving a synergistic effect of a low load current ripple and good common mode current rejection.
  • Ldc A smaller DC inductance value, Ldc, is required for the topology of figure 4 because the voltage 15 ripple at node G is much smaller in the topology of figure 4 compared to the topology of figure 1 to achieve the same current ripple output to the load.
  • the Ldc of the circuit of figure 4 can be implemented with a ferrite core with approximately half the cross-sectional area of the inductor of the circuit of figure 1 and approximately half the volume and weight of ferrite core material if we assume the height is to be kept the same.
  • An alternative load to that illustrated with the preferred embodiment of figure 4 may be a resistor or a DC-DC converter that powers other loads.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention provides a circuit with reduced AC ripple current in Ldc and does not need any special high frequency wire.
  • Cdc significantly reduces voltage ripple at input terminal of Ldc, which reduces current ripple in Ldc and the peak current in Ldc.
  • Lower current ripple in Ldc reduces inductor AC winding loss, inductor ferrite core loss and lower peak inductor current.
  • the low AC winding losses allows low cost wires, instead of Litz wires or other high frequency wires, to be used for inductor windings.
  • Lower inductor ferrite core loss lowers the operating temperature of the inductor.
  • the lower peak current in inductor 40, Ldc also reduces cross section area and volume of the inductor ferrite required to avoid inductor core saturation.
  • a particular common mode choke is chosen for a common mode noise suppression specification, its differential mode (stray) inductance and output current ripple specification determine max voltage ripple across inductor 40, Ldc.
  • the topology of figure 4 allows designers to satisfy the voltage ripple requirements with a selection of value Cdc for capacitor 39.
  • the stray inductance of common mode choke may be small (less than 25uH), which is ideal for the topology of figure 4.
  • Figure 8 shows a topology of an alternative embodiment in which the inductor 40 of figure 4 is replaced with two separate inductors, each connecting to one terminal of the load or Co and each in series with the load and with the DC capacitor in parallel with the two inductors connected in series with the load.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit récepteur de transfert de puissance inductive (IPT) utilisable pour fournir une puissance en courant continu (CC) à une charge. Le circuit a un circuit de courant alternatif (CA) résonant avec une bobine réceptrice inductive et un condensateur résonant CA. Le circuit comprend également un redresseur connecté au circuit résonant CA. Le circuit comprend également un inducteur CA qui connecte le circuit CA résonant et le redresseur. Le circuit comprend également un circuit d'alimentation en courant continu (CC) connecté au redresseur pour fournir de l'énergie en courant continu à la charge. Le circuit CC comprend un inducteur CC en série avec la charge. Le circuit CC a une capacité CC en parallèle avec une combinaison en série de l'inducteur CC et de la charge.
PCT/IB2020/059443 2019-10-08 2020-10-08 Récepteur de transfert de puissance inductive WO2021070095A1 (fr)

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CN202090000911.3U CN220307098U (zh) 2019-10-08 2020-10-08 无线功率传输次级电路及接收器电路

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AU2019903782A AU2019903782A0 (en) 2019-10-08 Inductive Power Transfer Receiver
AU2019903782 2019-10-08

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130234531A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Auckland Uniservices Limited Shorting period control in inductive power transfer systems
US20150311724A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-29 Evatran Group, Inc. Ac inductive power transfer system
US9761370B2 (en) * 2012-01-23 2017-09-12 United States Department Of Energy Dual side control for inductive power transfer
US9819279B2 (en) * 2013-12-10 2017-11-14 Edge Electrons Limited High frequency series AC voltage regulator
WO2018100374A1 (fr) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 Imperial Innovations Limited Système de transfert de puissance sans fil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9761370B2 (en) * 2012-01-23 2017-09-12 United States Department Of Energy Dual side control for inductive power transfer
US20130234531A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Auckland Uniservices Limited Shorting period control in inductive power transfer systems
US9819279B2 (en) * 2013-12-10 2017-11-14 Edge Electrons Limited High frequency series AC voltage regulator
US20150311724A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-29 Evatran Group, Inc. Ac inductive power transfer system
WO2018100374A1 (fr) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 Imperial Innovations Limited Système de transfert de puissance sans fil

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