WO2021068457A1 - Dirigeable stratosphérique à structure intégrée flexible et rigide à grande échelle - Google Patents

Dirigeable stratosphérique à structure intégrée flexible et rigide à grande échelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068457A1
WO2021068457A1 PCT/CN2020/079553 CN2020079553W WO2021068457A1 WO 2021068457 A1 WO2021068457 A1 WO 2021068457A1 CN 2020079553 W CN2020079553 W CN 2020079553W WO 2021068457 A1 WO2021068457 A1 WO 2021068457A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stratospheric airship
integrated structure
keel
truss
flexible integrated
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PCT/CN2020/079553
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈务军
胡建辉
赵兵
杨钧
徐建东
汤令辰
Original Assignee
上海交通大学
新誉集团有限公司
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Application filed by 上海交通大学, 新誉集团有限公司 filed Critical 上海交通大学
Priority to DE112020004905.1T priority Critical patent/DE112020004905T5/de
Publication of WO2021068457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068457A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
    • B64B1/60—Gas-bags surrounded by separate containers of inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/06—Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships
    • B64B1/08—Framework construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
    • B64B1/62—Controlling gas pressure, heating, cooling, or discharging gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
    • B64B1/64—Gas valve operating mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of aerospace vehicles, in particular to a stratospheric airship with a large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure.
  • the stratosphere is also called the stratosphere.
  • the stratosphere is the second layer of the earth’s atmosphere from bottom to top, above the troposphere and below the middle layer.
  • the stratosphere is about 10-50 kilometers above sea level, and the average atmospheric density is about 88.9g/m3. It is characterized by warm upper and cold lower.
  • the atmosphere in the stratosphere flows horizontally, and it rarely rolls up and down. The air flow is relatively stable, so most aircraft fly in the stratosphere.
  • the stratospheric airship is a low dynamic aircraft. Stratospheric airships can use static buoyancy, combined with propulsion and integrated environmental control, flight control, energy and other sub-systems, and stay in the vicinity of the stratosphere for a long time, and have a wide range of military and civilian applications. At present, the stratospheric airship is a national strategic space resource development platform and key research and development area. However, in the world, stratospheric airship control technology is still at the stage of key technological research, breakthrough in bottleneck technology, and verification of integrated technology, and there is no mature industrial-grade application product.
  • the stratospheric air is thin, the air density is only about 1/14 of the sea level, and the buoyancy is extremely small.
  • light materials are generally used to make soft airships.
  • the alternation of day and night in the stratosphere will cause the temperature of the airship to change, which will cause changes in buoyancy, pressure and center of mass, making the airship unstable.
  • rarefied gases make it difficult to compress air, so special blowers with low flow and high pressure heads are required.
  • the dedicated blower has high energy consumption, low efficiency, but high cost.
  • thin air requires high-altitude propellers with large diameter, low speed, and heavy weight, which makes thrust efficiency low. It also consumes more energy to maintain the airship system.
  • the Chinese patent "Rigid Structure System of Large Airship” proposes an airship with a rigid structure system, including a prestressed structure system and a flexible outer capsule structure.
  • the prestressed structure system consists of a central mandrel, a prestressed stiffening ring, and a longitudinal connecting rod.
  • the pre-stressed stiffener ring of this structure has low rigidity and poor stability.
  • the long central mandrel runs through the head and tail of the airship capsule and passes through the central pipes of several pre-stressed stiffener rings. Large bending force, easy to lose stability, low bearing capacity, inconvenient installation, difficult to form an overall feasible pre-tension; flexible outer capsule structure and pre-stressed structure system is difficult to coordinate force, the overall structure efficiency is low.
  • the Chinese patent application "A rigid stratospheric airship with a new structure” (CN108725741A) provides a rigid stratospheric airship.
  • a plurality of outer capsule frames composed of stiffening rings and rods are arranged outside the outer capsule, and the inner capsule
  • the compartment is divided into capsules arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the airship to store helium gas, and air is stored in the capsule between the outer capsule and the inner capsule, although the solution is called a rigid airship and can withstand negative pressure.
  • the solution is essentially an airship concept with an overall soft structure, and only a part of it is an enhanced structural system, that is, the entire airship structure system still needs the outer bag body to inflate and overpressure to maintain the airship shape and rigidity.
  • the Chinese patent application "a large-scale semi-rigid structure airship” (CN201910275705.7), the integral keel of the tension and compression self-balancing system is integrated with the pre-tensioned capsule, and the structure of the pre-tensioned capsule has a coordinated force.
  • the balloon is generally non-negative and can be close to zero pressure, some balloons (spherical head or low-resistance streamline) cannot maintain their shape and rigidity under low pressure or zero pressure.
  • the invention only addresses the structural system of the airship, and does not involve the improvement of the overall characteristics of the airship.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide how to improve the long-term survivability of the stratospheric airship, with flexible control and high feasibility.
  • the present invention provides a large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure stratospheric airship, including an outer capsule and a keel; the outer capsule covers the keel; the keel includes a central shaft truss, stiffening The ring and the secondary keel of the string; the central mandrel truss extends along the length of the stratospheric airship; a plurality of the stiffening rings are arranged coaxially, and the stiffening ring and the central mandrel truss are arranged coaxially; The center of the stiffening ring is connected to the central mandrel truss; the stringed secondary keel is connected to the outer ring of the adjacent stiffening ring in the head region of the stratospheric airship.
  • the outer capsule is made of a flexible film material with low air permeability.
  • the outer capsule is filled with air.
  • the secondary keel of the tensioning string includes an external tension rod and an internal tension rod, the external tension rod and the internal tension rod form an empty stomach; the tension external tension rod and the outer capsule Inner surface contact.
  • the secondary keel of the opening string further includes a strut; the strut is arranged on the abdomen of the secondary keel of the opening, and the strut connects the outer tension rod of the opening and the inner tension rod.
  • outside tension rod and the inside tension rod are arranged symmetrically.
  • a plurality of the struts are arranged parallel to each other.
  • bracing rods there are no less than three bracing rods.
  • the keel further includes a longitudinal tie rod connected to the outer ring of the adjacent stiffening ring; wherein the longitudinal tie rod is located in the head region of the stratospheric airship, and both ends of the longitudinal tie rod They are respectively connected with the head end and the tail end of the secondary keel of the Zhang Xian.
  • the outer ring includes two sub-rings and a first truss; the first trusses are distributed along the circumference of the outer ring and the inner ring; the two sub-rings are connected and stretched by the first truss;
  • the first truss includes an inner chord node and an outer chord node; the inner chord node is connected to the center mandrel truss through a radial tie rod; the outer chord node connects the first truss and the two sub-rings; wherein, The open string secondary keel and the outer ring are connected by the outer string node.
  • the element shape of the first truss includes a triangle; the triangle includes two outer chord nodes and one inner chord node.
  • longitudinal tie rod connects the outer chord nodes at the same position on the two adjacent stiffening rings.
  • the inner chord node is respectively connected to the two ends of the hub axle of the stiffening ring through two radial tie rods.
  • the central mandrel truss includes multiple sets of shuttle-shaped second trusses, and the second trusses connect the adjacent stiffening rings; the internal unit shape of the second truss includes a triangle.
  • the inner capsule is located inside the outer capsule; the inner capsule is filled with a first gas, and the first gas has a density less than air.
  • the inner bag body annularly surrounds the central shaft truss.
  • the inner capsule is made of ultra-lightweight and low-strength film.
  • the first gas includes helium.
  • the inner capsule is provided with a helium valve on the top of the outer capsule.
  • an environmental control system configured to adjust the internal air pressure of the outer capsule.
  • the environmental control system is configured to be able to maintain the air pressure in the outer capsule between a set negative pressure limit and a set positive pressure limit.
  • the negative pressure limit is set to not exceed the negative pressure value corresponding to the compression limit of the keel
  • the positive pressure limit is set to not exceed the tensile limit of the outer capsule The corresponding positive pressure value.
  • a differential pressure gauge is provided, and the differential pressure gauge is configured to obtain the internal and external pressure difference between the contact surface of the outer capsule and the keel.
  • the environmental control system includes an air valve; the air valve is arranged at the bottom of the outer capsule; the air valve is configured to allow the outer capsule to vent outward under a positive pressure state.
  • the environmental control system further includes a blower; the blower is installed on the outer capsule; the blower is configured to be able to inflate the outer capsule under a negative pressure.
  • the blower includes a high-altitude blower and/or a low-altitude blower.
  • the environmental control system selects the high-altitude blower and/or the low-altitude blower according to the levitation height of the stratospheric airship.
  • blowing port of the blower is provided with non-return blades.
  • an air cushion is further included, and the air cushion is configured to be housed in the bottom of the stratospheric airship.
  • the number of the air cushions is four, and the positions of the four air cushions are connected to form a rectangle, and the rectangle is located on the bottom abdomen of the stratospheric airship.
  • the air cushion is configured to be stowed and folded during the cruising phase of the stratospheric airship, and is inflated to a design pressure when it returns and lands at a certain height above the ground.
  • the certain height is 1 km.
  • the storage battery is placed in a pod, and the pod is located under the stratospheric airship; the storage battery is electrically connected with the solar energy harvesting board.
  • the propulsion system includes a tail thrust and/or a side thrust; the tail thrust is fixed to the outer surface of the outer capsule of the tail region of the stratospheric airship; the side thrust is fixed At the head and/or middle position of the stratospheric airship, and the lateral thrusts are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axial direction of the central mandrel truss; the lateral thrusts and/or the tail thrusts include high-altitude motor drives High altitude paddle.
  • the two pairs of tail wings are arranged in the tail region of the stratospheric airship and are arranged in an X shape.
  • the empennage is a pneumatic empennage.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the stretched secondary keel can limit the deformation of the outer capsule in the larger area of curvature, and strengthen the rigid keel to suppress the deformation of the flexible outer capsule, so that the volume of the outer capsule changes little, thereby decoupling the buoyancy control of the airship And pressure control, simplifies the control process, and keeps the airship's center of mass stable;
  • the first truss structure of the stiffening ring becomes a radial tension and compression self-balancing system
  • the stiffening ring and the second truss structure become an axial self-balancing system.
  • the self-balancing system is beneficial to reduce the overall usage of the keel and reduce the performance of the material. Requirements, which in turn reduces the weight of the keel and reduces the total weight of the airship;
  • the surrounding inner capsule structure helps to maintain the left and right balance of the airship, thereby maintaining the stability of the center of mass, and preventing the airship from shaking up and down to cause overturning;
  • Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the structural system of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the keel structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the stiffening ring structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the secondary keel of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a layout diagram of the environmental control system of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a layout diagram of the propulsion system of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention.
  • the shape of the airship changes greatly, not only the buoyancy changes obviously, but also the pressure will be accompanied by drastic changes. It may also cause the airship's center of mass to be unstable, making the suspension control accuracy low and the control system complicated.
  • the buoyancy of the airship with the same shape remains basically unchanged, and the buoyancy control and pressure control can be decoupled. On this basis, by changing the gravity of the airship and its changing speed, the lifting and lifting speed of the airship can be controlled.
  • this embodiment discloses a large-scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure.
  • the stratospheric airship shown in FIG. 1 includes an outer capsule 103 and a keel 101.
  • the outer bladder body 103 covers the keel 101; the keel 101 includes a central mandrel truss 10102, a stiffening ring 10101 and a secondary keel 102 with a string.
  • the central mandrel truss 10102 extends along the length of the stratospheric airship; a plurality of stiffening rings 10101 are coaxial, and the stiffening ring 10101 is arranged coaxially with the central mandrel truss, and the center of the stiffening ring 10101 is connected to the central mandrel truss 10102;
  • the secondary keel 102 is arranged in the head region of the stratospheric airship, and the secondary keel 102 is connected to the outer ring 1010104 of the adjacent stiffening ring 10101.
  • the stratospheric airship has a larger volume; correspondingly, the surface area of the outer capsule 103 is also larger.
  • the outer bag body 103 selects a flexible film material with low air permeability, taking into account the requirements of lighter total weight, air leakage prevention and high material strength.
  • the outer capsule 103 is a thin film material with only 0.5 liters of air permeable per square meter for 24 hours, and has high specific strength, light weight and high strength.
  • the internal gas of the outer capsule 103 is generally air.
  • stratospheric airships are generally designed as drop-shaped or similar projectiles with a spherical head, a central cylinder, and a cone-shaped tail as shown in Figure 1.
  • the local stress on the outer surface with a larger labyrinth increases significantly. That is, under the same tension and pressure conditions, the local deformation of the head region of the outer capsule 103 is relatively large. Although adding enough stiffening rings 10101 in the head area can solve the above-mentioned problem, it will cause the airship to increase its weight greatly.
  • this embodiment optimizes the stress structure of the head region of the stratospheric airship by arranging the secondary keel 102 of the string.
  • the stiffening ring 10101 is the external skeleton of the stratospheric airship in the length direction; between the adjacent stiffening rings 10101 in the head area, the arrangement of the secondary keel 102 of the string further meshes the area with a larger tortuous diameter and increases The force support point is improved, thereby improving the local deformation problem.
  • the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string includes an external tension rod 10201 and an internal tension rod 10202, and the external tension rod 10201 and the internal tension rod 10202 constitute a hollow type.
  • the inner surface of the capsule 103 is in contact.
  • the secondary keel 102 of the string is made of rigid material, so it has a certain stress performance. Under external tension and pressure, the secondary keel 102 can only be stretched or shortened to a limited extent along the length direction, thereby limiting the deformation of the outer capsule 103 in this area.
  • the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string further includes a strut 10203; the strut 10203 is disposed on the abdomen of the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string, and connects the tensioning outer tie rod 10201 and the tensioning inner tensioning rod 10202.
  • the strut 10203 is perpendicular to the hollow axis of the secondary keel 102. Increasing the number of struts 10203 can further strengthen the tensile and pressure bearing capacity of the secondary keel 102 of the string.
  • the plurality of struts 10203 should be parallel to each other.
  • the external tension rod 10201 and the internal tension rod 10202 are symmetrically distributed along the hollow axis of the secondary keel 102 to ensure that the external tension rod 10201 and the internal tension rod 10202 have the same force, so that the tension The deformation of the outer string rod 10201 and the inner string rod 10202 are the same.
  • the number of struts 10203 should be at least 3 parallel to ensure that the inner string of the string 10202 and the string outer string 10201 can still maintain the bow shape when the tension is large. Fully open.
  • the secondary keel 102 of the tension string can be composed of an outer tension rod 10201 and an inner tension rod 10202 to form a fish-belly structure with a certain curvature; as shown in Figure 4, it can also be composed of several external tension rods. 10201 and several internal tension rods 10202 are divided into sections to form an open-web structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows the unit structure of the secondary keel 102 of Zhang Xian.
  • there are multiple secondary keels 102 of the string which are approximately perpendicular to the plane of the connected stiffening ring 10101 and distributed in the ring direction.
  • the distribution density of the secondary keel 102 of the tension can be different, and the open-shaped arc of the secondary keel 102 of the tension can also be different.
  • the larger the curvature of the region the denser the distribution of the secondary keel 102 between adjacent stiffening rings 10101, and the larger the fasting arc.
  • the keel 101 can also be provided with a longitudinal tie rod 10103; the longitudinal tie rod 10103 connects the outer ring of the adjacent stiffening ring 10101 1010104. Similar to the tensioning secondary keel 102, preferably, there are a plurality of longitudinal tie rods 10103, which are perpendicular to the connected stiffening ring 10101 and distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • both ends of the longitudinal rod 10103 are connected to the first and last ends of the secondary keel 102 of the tension. That is, the longitudinal tie rod 10103 is sandwiched between the stretched outer tie rod 10201 and the stretched inner tie rod 10202, so as to ensure the structural strength of the stratospheric airship.
  • the longitudinal tie rod 10103 of the head area of the stratospheric airship can be processed into a whole with the secondary keel 102 of the string.
  • the longitudinal tie rod 10103 constitutes the real axis of the open-web structure of the secondary keel 102 of the tension string; furthermore, it forms a mutually perpendicular structure with the brace rod 10203.
  • the longitudinal tie rods 10103 and the secondary keel 102 optimize the external support structure of the keel 101, thereby forming the external skeleton of the stratospheric airship more accurately and supporting the outer capsule 103.
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred implementation structure of a stiffening ring 10101, including an outer ring 1010104, a radial rod 1010103 and a hub axle 1010102; the outer ring 1010104 is located on the outer periphery of the stiffening ring 10101, and the outer ring 1010104 is configured to directly support the outer ring The bladder body 103; the hub axle 1010102 is located at the center of the stiffening ring 10101 and is connected to the central shaft truss 10102; the outer ring 1010104 is connected to the hub axle 1010102 through a radial tie rod 1010103.
  • the stiffening ring 10101 is designed as a radial tension-compression self-balancing system.
  • the outer ring 1010104 includes a first truss 1010101 and two sub-rings; the first truss 1010101 is evenly distributed along the inner circumference of the outer ring 1010104 and connects and supports the two sub-rings; the two sub-rings abut and support outwards Opening the outer capsule 103.
  • the first truss 1010101 includes an inner chord node and an outer chord node; the inner chord node is connected to the hub axle 1010102 of the central mandrel truss 10102 through a radial tie rod 1010103; the connection points of the first truss 1010101 and the two sub-rings form two The outer chord node.
  • the secondary keel of Zhang Xian 102 and the outer ring 1010104 are connected by a pair of the outer chord nodes; preferably, the pair of the nodes of the outer chord to which the secondary keel 102 of Zhang Xing is connected corresponds to the same of the stiffening ring 10101 to which they belong. position.
  • the unit shape of the first truss 1010101 is a triangle; further, preferably, two radial tie rods 1010103 have one end connected to the inner chord node together, and the other end separately connected to the two ends of the hub axle 1010102. That is, among the three vertices of the triangular element of the first truss 1010101, two of the outer chord nodes are connected to the two sub-rings and bear the force from the outer capsule 103, mainly pressure; the inner chord node The two corresponding radial tie rods 1010103 are connected to the two ends of the hub axle 1010102 in a triangular shape.
  • the stiffening ring 10101 based on the first truss 1010101 constitutes a stable radial stress balance system to ensure that under the pressure or tension from the outer capsule 103, the radial force of the stratospheric airship is balanced and remains stable without Will cause instability and destruction.
  • the radially self-balancing stiffening ring 10101 can also offset the radial force component of the secondary keel 102 connected to it, further limiting the deformation of the stratospheric airship.
  • the radially self-balancing stiffening ring 10101 has a counteracting effect on the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string, which can reduce the stress material requirements of the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string in the corresponding direction, and help to reduce the amount and weight of the secondary keel 102 of the tensioning string.
  • the number of sub-rings of the outer ring 1010104 is not limited to two, and more can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the stiffening ring 10101 is connected to at least two sub-rings of the outer ring 1010104 through the first truss 1010101 and expanded, and the radial tie rods 1010103 connected to the inner chord node and the two ends of the hub axle 1010102. Radial stress. Furthermore, the stress borne by any structural unit of the stiffening ring 10101 is reduced, the amount of material can be reduced, or a lighter material with a lower stress performance can be selected, so that the total weight of the airship can be reduced.
  • the stiffening ring 10101 almost completely bears the radial stress from the outer bag body 103, so that the central mandrel truss 10102 bears very little radial force. That is, the central mandrel truss 10102 only needs to bear axial stress, such as axial tensile stress or rotational stress. Furthermore, the structure of the central mandrel truss 10102 for resisting radial deformation can be ignored, so that the amount of material is reduced, or the lighter material with lower radial stress performance is selected, which is also conducive to reducing the total weight of the airship.
  • the stratospheric airship is relatively large. Due to the influence of factors such as light, the temperature of the outer capsule 103 is not balanced, so that the vertical component force in the length direction of the stratospheric airship is also different, thereby generating axial stress.
  • the central mandrel truss 10102 is subjected to a relatively large bending force, the stratospheric airship may become unstable or difficult to form an overall feasible pretension.
  • the central mandrel truss 10102 includes a multi-segment shuttle-shaped second truss.
  • the multi-section shuttle-shaped second truss is connected in series with each stiffening ring 10101 to form a stable axial self-balancing system.
  • the multi-segment structure of the central axis truss 10102 is connected in series to form a stable central axis, which has better mechanical strength; the spindle-shaped structure of the central axis truss 10102 is the same as the open-web structure.
  • the working principle of keel 102 is similar.
  • the internal unit of the second truss may include various shapes, preferably, it is designed as a triangle to form a more stable anti-deformation structure.
  • the central skeleton formed by each stiffening ring 10101 and the central axis truss 10102 constitutes the internal skeleton of the stratospheric airship.
  • the outer capsule body 103 is covered by each stiffening ring 10101, the secondary keel 102 and/or the longitudinal rod 10103, and is stretched into the shape of an airship.
  • the force applied to the outer capsule 103 or the outer ring 1010104 is dispersed layer by layer through the self-balancing system, and is transmitted to all parts of the internal skeleton, which improves the overall shape-retaining ability of the stratospheric airship under zero pressure. As well as the overall rigidity and bearing capacity under low pressure, the mechanical strength of the stratospheric airship is greatly improved.
  • the above-mentioned keel 101 has a certain structural strength and constitutes the skeleton of the stratospheric airship, so it also reflects the basic shape of the stratospheric airship.
  • the outer capsule 103 is basically prevented from changing its volume due to changes in external atmospheric pressure, changes in atmospheric temperature, or heating by sunlight.
  • the buoyancy is changed due to the change in volume, which makes the stratospheric airship rise and fall excessively when levitation.
  • a plurality of inner balloons 104 are further provided inside the outer balloon 103, and the inner balloon 104 is filled with a first gas whose density is less than that of air.
  • the inner capsule 104 is preferably made of an ultra-lightweight and low-strength film; preferably, the first gas includes helium to maintain sufficient buoyancy of the stratospheric airship.
  • the inner bladder 104 is arranged as a ring-like surrounding the central axis truss 10102 to stabilize the center of mass and keep the stratospheric airship in left-right balance. Since the inner capsule 104 is distributed around the central mandrel truss 10102 annularly, the first gas is evenly distributed annularly. Furthermore, the first gas can be regarded as the center of mass concentrated in the center of the ring, and the stable center of mass constitutes a resistance moment, which can prevent the stratospheric airship from shaking up and down to a certain extent.
  • the inner capsule 104 is further provided with a helium valve 204 which opens at the top of the outer capsule 103.
  • a helium valve 204 which opens at the top of the outer capsule 103.
  • the pressure from the outer capsule 103 may exceed the stress limit of the keel 101, causing irreversible damage to the keel 101; when the stratospheric airship is "super-hot", the tension from the keel 101
  • the material stretch limit of the outer capsule 103 may be exceeded, and the outer capsule 103 may suffer irreversible damage.
  • the temperature of the stratosphere drops, or when there is no direct sun (such as at night)
  • the air temperature inside the outer capsule 103 also drops, and the air pressure inside decreases.
  • the shape of the stratospheric airship does not change much, so the buoyancy does not change much.
  • this embodiment designs an environmental control system as shown in FIG. 5 to actively control the pressure change during the working process.
  • the environmental control system is configured to adjust the air pressure in the outer capsule 103 between a set negative pressure limit and a set positive pressure limit.
  • the set value of the negative pressure limit does not exceed the negative pressure value corresponding to the compression limit of the keel 101
  • the positive pressure limit does not exceed the positive pressure corresponding to the tensile limit of the outer capsule 103 value.
  • the negative pressure limit and the positive pressure limit can also be set according to other standards, for example, based on the power control of the stratospheric angle of the stratospheric airship returning and parking.
  • the environmental control system includes an environmental control controller 206, a blower and/or an air valve 203; the blower is installed on the outer bag body 103; the air valve 203 is installed on the bottom of the outer bag body 103.
  • the environmental control controller 206 controls the opening and closing of the blower and/or the air valve 203 to adjust the air pressure balance inside and outside the outer bag 103. Specifically, when the positive pressure inside the outer capsule 103 is higher than the positive pressure limit, the environmental control controller 206 controls the air valve 203 to open; the outer capsule 103 is driven by the positive pressure to exhaust air, and the internal air reduces the pressure. . When the negative pressure in the outer bag 103 is lower than the negative pressure limit, the environmental control controller 206 controls the blower to inflate the inside of the outer bag 103 to reduce the negative pressure inside the outer bag 103. Pressure. The environmental control controller 206 controls the balance between the air pressure inside the outer capsule 103 and the outside atmospheric pressure to ensure the flight safety of the stratospheric airship.
  • the blower includes a high-altitude blower 201 and/or a low-altitude blower 202; the environmental control controller 206 selects the high-altitude blower 201 and/or the low-altitude blower 202 to work according to the levitation height of the stratospheric airship to charge the outer capsule 103 Air is introduced to maintain the air pressure inside and outside the outer capsule 103 within a given range.
  • the blowing ports of the high-altitude blower 201 and/or the low-altitude blower 202 are provided with normally-closed non-return blades, and the non-return blades are configured such that the outer bag body 103 is under negative pressure, and the blower is opened during operation to avoid positive pressure.
  • the outer bladder 103 leaks air under low pressure or zero pressure.
  • the environmental control system can also be provided with a differential pressure meter 205 for obtaining the differential pressure value of the contact surface between the outer capsule and the keel 101.
  • the differential pressure gauge 205 is arranged at the bottom of the outer capsule 103.
  • the environmental control system changes the gravity of the stratospheric airship with little deformation by controlling the inflation and deflation of the outer capsule 103, thereby realizing its lifting control.
  • the working process of the environmental control system controlling the stratospheric airship during the return and landing phase may be:
  • Step 1 In the first altitude region of the stratosphere, when the air pressure of the outer capsule 103 is lower than the first negative pressure limit, the environmental control controller 206 controls the blower to inflate the outer capsule 103 to increase the weight of the stratospheric airship In the case that the volume of the stratospheric airship changes very little, the weight increases and the gravity is greater than the buoyancy, the stratospheric airship will slowly fall; as the altitude decreases, the outside atmospheric temperature decreases, and the air pressure inside the outer airbag 103 also decreases Therefore, the inflation also helps to maintain the air pressure inside the outer airbag 103, so that the air pressure difference between the inside and outside of the outer airbag 103 maintains the first given range;
  • Step 2 When the stratospheric airship descends to the second altitude area, the temperature of the outside atmosphere rises as the altitude decreases, so the air pressure of the outer capsule 103 will gradually turn to positive pressure, that is, the air pressure inside the outer capsule 103 will be higher At outside atmospheric pressure.
  • the environmental control controller 206 controls the air valve 203 to open to discharge a certain amount of air, and the air pressure difference between the inside and outside of the outer bag body 103 maintains a second given range. As a result, the weight of the stratospheric airship is reduced.
  • the height of the stratosphere is generally 10km-50km above sea level, preferably, the second height area is not higher than 10km.
  • the above process is to control the return and landing of the stratospheric airship.
  • the above process is reversed to control the launch of the stratospheric airship.
  • the inflation rate and/or inflation time of the air blower inflating the outer bag body 103 can be controlled, or the exhaust rate and/or exhaust time of the air valve 203 can be changed.
  • a second positive pressure limit can be set, and the second positive pressure limit is less than the first positive pressure limit; when the air pressure of the outer capsule 103 is at the second When the positive pressure limit is between the first positive pressure limit, the environmental control controller 206 controls the blower to inflate the outer bag 103. At this time, the exhaust effect corresponding to the outer capsule 103 decreases, and the degree of change in the descending speed decreases.
  • the combined pressure control method of the blower and the air valve 203 can achieve a variety of speed adjustment effects, and is especially suitable for the speed control of the environmental control system that only has the air valve 203 in open and closed states and the blower with a single rotation speed.
  • the first positive pressure limit value and the first negative pressure limit value can be set based on the expansion and contraction limit of the material of the outer capsule 103 and the keel 101, or can be based on a power function controlled by the rising and falling rate.
  • first given range and the second given range are ideally fixed to keep the outer capsule 103 in an air pressure balance state.
  • the first given range and/or the second given range can be set to zero pressure, slightly positive pressure and slightly negative pressure.
  • the offset of the slightly positive pressure and the slightly negative pressure relative to the air pressure at zero pressure can be set to ⁇ 1% to 5%.
  • the environmental control system controls the stratospheric airship to hover
  • the principle is similar, and the air blower and/or the air valve 203 are controlled by the environmental control system to balance the air pressure inside and outside the outer capsule 103.
  • an air cushion 107 is provided at the bottom of the stratospheric airship; the air cushion 107 is configured to be inflatable and retractable.
  • the air cushion 107 is preferentially arranged on the outer bag body 103 directly below the stiffening ring 10101. Considering the relatively large volume of the stratospheric airship, preferably, there are at least four air cushions 107, which are evenly arranged on the bottom abdomen of the outer capsule 103.
  • the air cushion 107 is stowed and folded during the cruising phase of the airship; when returning and landing, it is inflated to the design pressure when it is 1km above the ground.
  • a propulsion system is also provided on the stratospheric airship.
  • the propulsion system includes a tail thruster 302; the propulsion controller of the propulsion system is configured to control the tail thruster 302.
  • the tail thruster 302 is arranged in the tail region of the stratospheric airship, and is installed on the outer surface of the outer capsule 103.
  • the tail thruster 302 is installed at the end of the stratospheric airship in the longitudinal direction to obtain the longest arm of force. The longer the moment arm, the greater the moment. Therefore, even the tail thruster 302 with a relatively small power can easily change the pitch flight state of the stratospheric airship, or help the stratospheric airship to turn.
  • a side push 301 may be further provided to assist the horizontal direction adjustment of the stratospheric airship, such as a U-turn or an axial rotation.
  • the side push 301 is also controlled by the propulsion controller.
  • several pairs of side pushers 301 are located at the head or middle of the outer bag body 103, and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical axis plane of the central mandrel truss 10102.
  • the imaginary plane formed by the connecting lines of several side pushers 301 is perpendicular to the plane where the stiffening ring 10101 is located.
  • the side push 301 adopts vector control technology to further assist the pitch and steering control.
  • the tail thruster 302 and/or the lateral thruster 301 preferentially adopt the technical solution of high-altitude motor driving the high-altitude propeller.
  • the tail region of the stratospheric airship may also be provided with a tail wing 105 configured to help stabilize the flight attitude of the stratospheric airship.
  • a tail wing 105 configured to help stabilize the flight attitude of the stratospheric airship.
  • two pairs of tail wings 105 without rudder surfaces are arranged on the outer surface of the outer bag body 103 in an X-shaped layout; preferably, the tail wing 105 is an inflatable tail wing.
  • the stratospheric airship in order to prolong the dwell time of the stratospheric airship, is also provided with an energy system, such as a renewable energy source, especially a solar-storage battery system.
  • an energy system such as a renewable energy source, especially a solar-storage battery system.
  • the solar collecting board 401 covers the outer airbag 103, at least covering the upper surface, so as to face the sun.
  • the electric energy obtained by the solar collecting board 401 is sent to the storage battery through a wire for storage, and the storage battery supplies energy for the environmental control system and the propulsion system.
  • the solar collection board 401 converts light energy into electric energy, and the battery stores the electric energy while using the electric energy for power supply; when there is no light, the battery consumes the stored electric energy for power supply.
  • the technical solution of the solar-storage system can reduce the power source that the stratospheric airship needs to carry, which is equivalent to increasing the energy reserve and the total weight, so that the continuous dwell time of the stratospheric airship can be greatly extended.
  • a pod 106 as shown in FIG. 2 can also be provided; the battery can be placed in the pod 106.
  • the pod 106 is connected to the outer bag body 103 directly below a certain stiffening ring 10101.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dirigeable stratosphérique à structure intégrée flexible et rigide à grande échelle, le dirigeable stratosphérique comprenant un corps de capsule externe (103) et une quille (101), le corps de capsule externe recouvrant la quille. La quille comprend une armature d'arbre centrale (10102), des anneaux de renforcement (10101) et une quille secondaire de chaîne (102), l'armature d'arbre centrale s'étendant dans le sens de la longueur du dirigeable stratosphérique ; la pluralité d'anneaux de renforcement étant disposés coaxialement en parallèle dans le sens de la longueur, et les centres des anneaux de renforcement étant reliés à l'armature d'arbre centrale ; et la quille secondaire de chaîne étant reliée à des anneaux externes d'anneaux de renforcement adjacents dans la région de tête du dirigeable stratosphérique. L'aspect du corps de capsule externe du dirigeable stratosphérique n'est sensiblement pas affecté par des changements environnementaux, la pression et la flottabilité peuvent être soumises à une commande de découplage, et le centre de masse est stable. De plus, un système de commande d'environnement, un système de propulsion, un système d'énergie et un système de mise en tampon de vol de retour sont optimisés. Le dirigeable stratosphérique a une posture stable, une faible consommation d'énergie, un décollage et un vol de retour souples et pouvant être commandés, une forte capacité en suspension dans l'air à long terme et une large perspective d'application industrielle.
PCT/CN2020/079553 2019-10-10 2020-03-17 Dirigeable stratosphérique à structure intégrée flexible et rigide à grande échelle WO2021068457A1 (fr)

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WO2023209319A1 (fr) 2022-04-24 2023-11-02 Morrey Martin Aérostat de haute altitude à grande superficie

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