WO2021068291A1 - 一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置及联合作业机 - Google Patents

一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置及联合作业机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068291A1
WO2021068291A1 PCT/CN2019/112912 CN2019112912W WO2021068291A1 WO 2021068291 A1 WO2021068291 A1 WO 2021068291A1 CN 2019112912 W CN2019112912 W CN 2019112912W WO 2021068291 A1 WO2021068291 A1 WO 2021068291A1
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Prior art keywords
deep
shaft
vertical rotary
holes
rotary tiller
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PCT/CN2019/112912
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高建民
王冠群
刘兴达
陈祥超
陈杰栋
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江苏大学
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Publication of WO2021068291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068291A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A01B49/025—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven about a substantially vertical axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
    • A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural engineering, and specifically relates to a deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device and a combined operation machine.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with the patent number 201821779567.3 provides a micro-tiller with fertilization function, including a frame, an engine is arranged at the front of the frame, and an armrest is arranged above the frame, and the rear end of the engine is arranged in order along the transmission direction There are a reducer, a coupling, a first transmission, a second transmission, a third transmission, and a fourth transmission. There are driving wheels on both sides of the fourth transmission, and a rotary cutter set is provided on both sides of the third transmission.
  • a fertilization component is arranged under the second gearbox, and the fertilization component includes a feed box for storing fertilizer.
  • a feed channel is provided at the upper end of the feed box, and a stirring plate capable of stirring the fertilizer is provided in the feed box.
  • a material leakage hole is provided, a bulk material pan is arranged under the material box, and a detachable sealing plate that can close the material leakage hole is arranged between the bulk material pan and the material box.
  • the utility model has novel structure and simple operation, and can not only carry out rotary tillage and break soil on farmland, but also carry out fertilization.
  • the present invention is based on vertical rotary tillage and soil layered fertilization, and proposes a deep rotary tillage and layered aerosol fertilization combined operation machine, which completes layered fertilization of soil at the same time of rotary tillage.
  • the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, low power consumption, large tillage depth and high fertilizer utilization rate.
  • a deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device which is characterized in that a gearbox, a frame, a plurality of vertical rotary tiller shafts, an atomization device, and a liquid fertilizer storage device, the plurality of vertical rotary tiller shafts are all It is arranged perpendicular to the ground and connected to the output shaft of the gearbox.
  • the vertical rotary tiller shaft is provided with a blade;
  • the vertical rotary tiller shaft is provided with an axially extending deep hole, and the opening of the deep hole is in the knife
  • a plurality of through holes of different heights are provided on the wall of the cutter shaft;
  • the liquid fertilizer storage device and the gearbox are all mounted on the frame, and the gears in the gearbox respectively provide power for several vertical rotary tiller shafts;
  • the atomization device includes a high-pressure water pump, an air compressor, and an ultrasonic atomization nozzle.
  • the ultrasonic atomization nozzle is installed at the deep hole opening at the top of the vertical rotary tiller shaft, and the spray direction faces the hole; the high-pressure water pump is installed Between the liquid fertilizer storage device and the water inlet of the ultrasonic atomization nozzle, the air compressor communicates with the air inlet of the ultrasonic atomization nozzle.
  • the bottom end of the vertical rotary tiller shaft is provided with spiral blades, and multiple sets of blades are arranged at different height positions in the circumferential direction of the rotary tiller shaft.
  • the through holes on the side wall of the vertical rotary tiller shaft become larger from top to bottom, and the vertical distances between the through holes at different heights are different.
  • each group includes two equal and symmetrical arrangements; the diameter of the first group of through holes is 30 mm, and the through holes are 30 mm in diameter.
  • the distance between the center line of the hole and the top of the vertical rotary tiller shaft 5 is 120 mm; the diameter of the second group of through holes is 45 mm, and the distance between the center line of the through holes and the center line of the first group of through holes is 110 mm; the third group The diameter of the through hole is 55 mm, and the distance between the center line of the through hole and the center line of the second group of through holes is 150 mm.
  • a dispersion plate is provided on the inner wall of the deep hole inside the vertical rotary tiller shaft.
  • throat pipes there are three throat pipes inside the deep hole inside the vertical rotary tiller shaft, and the center line of the throat pipe is located at the center line of the opening; the sizes of the three throat pipes are different; from top to bottom, the diameters of the throat pipes are 30, 35, 45 mm.
  • a soil covering board located at the rear of the rotary tiller shaft is installed on the frame.
  • a combined work machine including the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device is characterized in that the frame is hung on the tractor, and the gearbox is connected with the power output device of the tractor through a universal joint.
  • gears of the gearbox provide power to the rotary tiller shaft through the transmission shaft, and pulleys are fixed on the two transmission shafts located on both sides of the gearbox.
  • the combined work machine further includes a seeding mechanism, and the power of the seeding mechanism is provided by the pulley.
  • the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device of the present invention punches holes on the knife shaft of a vertical rotary tiller, combines the knife shaft with an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle, and uses the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle to achieve liquid fertilizer and high speed
  • the gas fully mixes and accelerates the ejection from the knife shaft through hole. While plowing the land, the liquid fertilizer can be fully mixed with the plowed soil.
  • the layered fertilization device and the soil deep rotary plowing device are combined to improve the fertilizer. Utilization efficiency avoids resource waste, increases crop yields and reduces crop production costs at the same time; the structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is not easy to be blocked.
  • this type of rotary tiller shaft can not only reduce its own weight and energy consumption, but also reduce the friction between the rotary tiller and the soil and reduce the degree of wear.
  • the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization combined operation machine can perform even layered fertilization on the tilled soil at the same time as the suspended tillage operation. Plowing, fertilizing, and leveling the soil are completed at one time, which improves the efficiency of soil management.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the rotary tiller knife shaft.
  • Figure 4 is a pressure cloud diagram of a mixed two-phase flow of gas and liquid exiting six holes of the cutter shaft simulated in the fluent simulation software.
  • Figure 5 is the velocity cloud diagram of the mixed two-phase flow of gas and liquid exiting six holes of the cutter shaft simulated in the fluent simulation software.
  • Figure 6 is a three-dimensional view of the cutter shaft.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cutter shaft.
  • the rotary tiller adopts a vertical rotary tiller shaft 5
  • the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization device includes a gearbox 2, a frame, Several vertical rotary tiller shafts 5, an atomization device, and a liquid fertilizer storage device.
  • the liquid fertilizer storage device and gearbox 2 are all mounted on the frame.
  • the gears 12 in the gearbox 2 are provided for the rotary tiller shafts 5 respectively. power.
  • the several vertical rotary tiller knife shafts 5 are all arranged perpendicular to the ground and mounted on the frame, and the knife shaft 5 is provided with blades.
  • the bottom end of the vertical rotary tiller shaft 5 is provided with a spiral blade 22, so that the rotary tilling operation can break the soil layer, and multiple sets of blades are arranged at different height positions in the circumferential direction of the rotary tiller shaft 5, which is hard for deep layers. Plowing and plowing the quality soil, the plowing depth can reach 40-50cm.
  • the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5 is provided with an axially extending deep hole inside, and the opening of the deep hole is at the top of the knife shaft 5, and the wall of the knife shaft 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes of different heights.
  • the atomization device includes a water pump 17, an air compressor, and an ultrasonic atomization nozzle 20, the ultrasonic atomization nozzle 20 is installed at the flange 9 at the top of the rotary cutter shaft 5, and the spray direction faces the hole; It is connected with the flange 9 by thread, and the atomizing nozzle is driven by the air compressor and the water pump to work together.
  • the liquid fertilizer storage device 15 is connected to the water inlet of the atomization nozzle 20 through a water pipe 16, and the water pump 17 is installed on the water pipe 16 between the liquid fertilizer storage device 15 and the water inlet of the atomization nozzle 20.
  • the air compressor 19 communicates with the air inlet of the ultrasonic atomization nozzle 20 through the air pipe 18.
  • the ultrasonic atomization nozzle 20 fully mixes the high-speed air and the liquid fertilizer, and accelerates them to generate a high-speed gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow.
  • the high-pressure gas and liquid fertilizer mixed by the ultrasonic atomization nozzle 20 are sprayed into the soil through the through hole on the side wall of the vertical rotary tiller blade shaft 5.
  • the combined working machine for deep rotary tillage and layered aerosol fertilization is towed by a tractor, and the deep rotary tillage and layered aerosol fertilization device is hung on both sides of the tail of the tractor through the hanging joints 3 of the frame.
  • the hydraulic cylinder connection 1 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder in the middle of the tractor tail.
  • the connecting rod of the gearbox 2 and the suspension hook 3 is welded with reinforcing ribs 4, and the reinforcing ribs 4 are triangular in shape to increase the strength of the frame.
  • the gearbox 2 is connected to the power output device of the tractor through a universal joint, and the power is transmitted from the power output shaft at the rear of the tractor to the power input shaft of the gearbox 2 through the universal joint to drive the vertical knife roller to perform rotary tillage operations.
  • the hydraulic system is installed at the rear of the tractor, and the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization is loaded into the soil by the hydraulic system during work.
  • Deep rotary tillage and layered aerosol fertilization combined work machine When working, the power of the tractor is transmitted to the gearbox 2 through the universal joint assembly, and the power is changed and decelerated through the gearbox 2, and transmitted through the gear mechanism
  • the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5 located in the vertical plane is rotated in the axial direction to perform soil rotary tillage operations.
  • the gear 12 is connected with the hollow connecting shaft 11, and there is an angular contact ball bearing between the hollow connecting shaft 11 and the gear 12.
  • a connecting flange 13 at the lower end of the hollow connecting shaft 11 is connected with the installation connecting flange 13 of the rotary tiller.
  • a belt pulley 10 is provided at the upper end of the hollow connecting shaft 11 as a power output mechanism.
  • a seeding mechanism can be added to the combined work machine, and the power of the seeding mechanism is provided by the belt pulley 10.
  • the vertical rotary tiller blade shaft 5 is pressed into the soil by a hydraulic device. While the vertical rotary tiller blade shaft 5 is plowing, the water pump and air compressor work at the same time to drive the atomization nozzle to work, and the air compressor and The gas and liquid fertilizer input by the water pump are mixed, broken, and atomized, transported into the hollow cutter shaft 5, and sprayed out through the through hole on the wall of the cutter shaft 5, which can fertilize the soil while deep rotary tillage.
  • the hydraulic device of the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization combined work machine is connected with the tractor, and the hydraulic device controller is installed in the tractor cab, and the driver operates to control the work of the deep rotary tillage layered aerosol fertilization combined operation machine.
  • the through holes on the side wall of the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5 become larger from top to bottom, and the vertical distances between the through holes at different heights are different to ensure In the layered fertilization work, the amount of fertilizer discharged from each through hole is equal.
  • each group includes two of the same size and symmetrically arranged;
  • the diameter of the first group of through holes is 30 mm ,
  • the distance between the center line of the through hole and the top of the rotary tiller shaft 5 is 120 mm;
  • the diameter of the second group of through holes is 45 mm, and the distance between the center line of the through holes and the center line of the first group of through holes is 110 mm;
  • the diameter of the through hole is 55 mm, and the distance between the center line of the through hole and the center line of the second group of through holes is 150 mm.
  • the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5 is at the six outlet positions, and the outlet pressure and velocity of the gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow are all equal.
  • the fertilizer can be evenly spread in the plowed soil to save resources, reduce costs, and protect the environment.
  • the vertical rotary tiller shaft 5 of this form can not only reduce the weight of the rotary tiller and the working machine, but also reduce working energy consumption. Due to the action of the high-speed gas generated by the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 20, and the vertical rotary tiller blade shaft 5 is in the working mode of rotating in the axial direction while working, the high-speed airflow will impact the cultivated soil and make the liquid fertilizer better. Is distributed in the soil. The sprayed high-speed gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow can also blow off the soil adhering to the blade, avoiding the clogging of the through hole by the soil, reducing friction and increasing the service life.
  • the two-phase flow droplets generated by the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 20 are used by the rotary inertia of the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5 , To further disperse the mist droplets inside the vertical rotary tiller blade shaft 5, and play the role of secondary atomization.
  • throat pipes 21 there are three throat pipes 21 inside the deep hole inside the vertical rotary tiller knife shaft 5, and the center line of the throat pipe 21 is located at the center line of the opening. Due to the arrangement of the throat pipe 21, the space at the throat pipe 21 becomes smaller, which retards the flow of air and makes the air flow field distribution inside the cutter shaft 5 more uniform, thereby ensuring uniform layered fertilization. Since the positions and sizes of the three openings are different, the sizes of the three throat pipes 21 are also different. From top to bottom, the diameter of the throat 21 is 30, 35, and 45 mm.
  • Deep rotary tillage and layered aerosol fertilization combined operation machine the end of which is equipped with a soil covering board 6, the function of the soil covering board 6 is to level the soil that has been plowed by the machine to prevent the volatilization of fertilizer, thereby protecting the fertilizer and filling the tillage ditch
  • a connecting rod 8 is welded on the earth-covering slab 6, and the connecting rods are provided with a plurality of pin holes for adjusting the height of the earth-covering slab 6.
  • a connecting frame 7 is welded on the frame, and the connecting rod on the soil covering plate 6 is connected with the connecting frame 7 through a pin shaft.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置及联合作业机，在立式旋耕机的基础上，在立式旋耕刀轴（5）内部设有轴向的延伸的深孔，且深孔的开口在立式旋耕刀轴（5）顶端，立式旋耕刀轴（5）的壁上设有多个不同高度的通孔；雾化装置包括高压水泵（17）、空气压缩机（19）和超声雾化喷头（20），超声雾化喷头（20）装在立式旋耕刀轴（5）顶端的深孔开口处，且喷雾方向朝向孔内。可同时完成对土壤的深层整翻深耕和分层施肥作业；将分层施肥装置和土壤深旋耕装置相结合，提高了肥料利用效率，避免了资源浪费。

Description

一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置及联合作业机 技术领域
本发明属于农业工程领域，具体涉及一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置及联合作业机。
背景技术
近年来，设施农业发展迅猛，生产面积不断增加，机械化占比越来越高。专利号为201821779567.3的中国实用新型专利提供了一种具有施肥功能的微耕机，包括机架，在机架前端设置有发动机，在机架上方设置有扶手，在发动机后端沿传动方向依次设置有减速器、联轴器、第一变速器、第二变速器、第三变速器和第四变速器，在第四变速器两侧设置有驱动轮，在第三变速器两侧设置有旋耕刀具组，在第二变速箱下方设置有施肥组件，所述施肥组件包括用以储存肥料的料箱，在料箱上端设置有进料通道，在料箱内设置有可搅动肥料的搅料板，在料箱底部设置有漏料孔，在料箱下方设置有散料盘，在散料盘与料箱之间设置有可将漏料孔封闭的可拆卸封板。本实用新型结构新颖、操作简便，既能对农田进行旋耕破土，又能进行施肥。
但是目前深旋耕作业机有着对土壤耕翻不到位，土壤板结等问题。此外，为了达到增产的目的，存在着施肥方式、施肥量不合理，往往导致肥料使用效率低下，容易造成投入过高、资源浪费和环境污染。
因此，如何提高化肥使用率和改善土壤板结是目前需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明基于立式旋耕和土壤分层施肥，提出一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机，在旋耕作业的同时完成对土壤的分层施肥。本发明结构简单，成本低，功耗低，以及耕深大和肥料利用率高等特点。
为了解决以上问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，变速箱、机架、数个立式旋耕刀轴、雾化装置、液肥存储装置，所述数个立式旋耕刀轴均垂直于地面设置、并变速箱输出轴相连接，立式旋耕刀轴上设有刀片；所述立式旋耕刀轴内部设有轴向的延伸的深孔、且深孔的开口在刀轴顶端，所述刀轴的壁上设有多个不同高度的通孔；
所述液肥存储装置、变速箱均装在机架上，变速箱中的齿轮分别为数个立式旋耕刀轴提供动力；
所述雾化装置包括高压水泵、空气压缩机、超声雾化喷头，所述超声雾化喷头装在立式 旋耕刀轴顶端的深孔开口处，且喷雾方向朝向孔内；高压水泵装在液肥存储装置与超声雾化喷头的进水口之间，所述空气压缩机与超声雾化喷头的进气口连通。
进一步地，所述立式旋耕刀轴底端设有螺旋刀片，且在旋耕刀轴周向不同高度位置设置多组刀片。
进一步地，所述立式旋耕刀轴侧壁上的通孔从上向下依次变大，且位于不同高度的通孔之间的竖直距离不同。
进一步地，所述立式旋耕刀轴侧壁上的通孔从上向下共有三组，每一组中包括两个大小相等且对称设置；第一组通孔的直径为30毫米，通孔中心线距立式旋耕刀轴5顶端的距离为120毫米；第二组通孔的直径为45毫米，通孔中心线距第一组通孔中心线的距离为110毫米；第三组通孔的直径为55毫米，通孔中心线距第二组通孔中心线的距离为150毫米。
进一步地，所述立式旋耕刀轴内部的深孔内壁上有分散板。
进一步地，所述立式旋耕刀轴内部的深孔内部有三处喉管，喉管中心线位于开孔中心线处；三处喉管的大小不同；从上往下，喉管直径依次为30、35、45毫米。
进一步地，在机架上装有位于旋耕刀轴后部的覆土板。
一种包含所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置的联合作业机，其特征在于，所述机架悬挂于拖拉机上，变速箱通过万向节与拖拉机的动力输出装置相连。
进一步地，变速箱的齿轮通过传动轴为旋耕刀轴提供动力，所述位于变速箱两侧的两根传动轴上还固定皮带轮。
进一步地，所述联合作业机还包括播种机构，所述播种机构的动力由所述皮带轮提供动力。
本发明所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，在立式旋耕机的刀轴上打孔，将刀轴与超声雾化喷嘴相结合，使用的超声雾化喷头实现液体肥料和高速气体的充分混合并加速从刀轴通孔中喷出，在耕地的同时，能够将液体肥料与耕作过的土壤进行充分混合，将分层施肥装置和土壤深旋耕装置相结合，提高了肥料利用效率，避免了资源浪费，在提高农作物产量的同时也降低了农作物生产成本；结构简单，成本低，且不易堵塞。
另外，这种形式的旋耕刀轴不仅可以减轻自重，降低能耗，更可以降低旋耕刀与土壤之间的摩擦，降低磨损程度。
深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机，可在悬耕作业的同时对耕翻后的土壤进行均匀的分层施肥。将土壤耕翻、施肥、平整一次性完成，提高了土壤管理效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置侧面示意图。
图3为所述旋耕刀刀轴的安装结构示意图。
图4为在fluent仿真软件中仿真的刀轴的六个开孔出气液混合二相流的压力云图。
图5为在fluent仿真软件中仿真的刀轴的六个开孔出气液混合二相流的速度云图。
图6为刀轴的三维图。
图7为刀轴的剖面图。
其中：1.液压缸连接处，2.变速箱，3.悬挂挂接处，4.加强筋，5.立式旋耕刀刀轴，6.覆土板，7.连接架，8.连接杆，9.法兰，10.皮带轮，11.空心连接轴，12.齿轮，13.连接法兰，14.分散板，15.液肥存储装置，16.水管，17.水泵，18.气管，19.空气压缩机，20.超声雾化喷头，21.喉管，22.螺旋刀片，23.刀片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，本发明所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，旋耕机采用立式旋耕刀轴5，深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置包括变速箱2、机架、数个立式旋耕刀轴5、雾化装置、液肥存储装置，所述液肥存储装置、变速箱2均装在机架上，变速箱2中的齿轮12分别为数个旋耕刀轴5提供动力。所述数个立式旋耕刀刀轴5均垂直于地面设置、并装在机架上，所述刀轴5上设有刀片。具体的所述立式旋耕刀轴5底端设有螺旋刀片22，使旋耕作业能够打破土层，且在所述旋耕刀轴5周向不同高度位置设置多组刀片，对深层硬质土壤进行耕翻，耕深可达40～50cm。
所述立式旋耕刀刀轴5内部设有轴向的延伸的深孔、且深孔的开口在刀轴5顶端，所述刀轴5的壁上设有多个不同高度的通孔。所述雾化装置包括水泵17、空气压缩机、超声雾化喷头20，所述超声雾化喷头20装在所述旋耕刀刀轴5顶端的法兰9处，且喷雾方向朝向孔内；用螺纹与法兰9进行连接，雾化喷头由空气压缩机和水泵共同驱动来进行工作。液肥存储装置15通过水管16与雾化喷头20的进水口相连，水泵17装在液肥存储装置15与雾化喷头20的进水口之间的水管16上。所述空气压缩机19通过气管18与超声雾化喷头20的进气口连通。超声雾化喷头20将高速空气和液体肥料进行充分混合后，并对其加速，产生高速气液混合两相流。通过立式旋耕刀刀轴5侧壁上的通孔将经过超声雾化喷头20混合后的高压气体和液体肥喷入土壤内部。
所述深旋耕分层气雾施肥的联合作业机，由拖拉机牵引，所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置通过机架的悬挂挂接处3挂接在拖拉机尾部两侧，机架的液压缸连接处1与拖拉机尾部中间的液压缸相连接。变速箱2与悬挂挂接处3连杆上焊接有加强筋4，加强筋4为三角形， 用于增加机架强度。变速箱2通过万向节与拖拉机的动力输出装置相连，动力由拖拉机后部的动力输出轴，通过万向节传递至变速箱2动力输入轴，带动竖直的刀辊进行旋耕作业。液压系统安装在拖拉机尾部，在工作时通过将液压系统将深旋耕分层气雾施肥装压入土中。
深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机，在工作的时候，拖拉机的动力通过万向节总成传递给变速箱2部分，并通过变速箱2将动力进行变向、减速，通过齿轮机构传送给位于竖直平面内的立式旋耕刀刀轴5，使其沿轴向旋转，进行土壤旋耕作业。具体的，变速箱22内部有七个齿轮12，分别与七根立式旋耕刀刀轴5相连接，变速箱2中的齿轮12分别为数个立式旋耕刀刀轴5提供动力。齿轮12与空心连接轴11相连接，空心连接轴11与齿轮12之间有一角接触球球轴承。空心连接轴11下端有连接法兰13与旋耕刀的安装连接法兰13相连接。空心连接轴11上端有一皮带轮10，作为动力输出机构，所述联合作业机中能够在外加播种机构，所述播种机构的动力由所述皮带轮10提供动力。
由液压装置将立式旋耕刀刀轴5压入土中，立式旋耕刀刀轴5在翻耕的同时，水泵、空气压缩机同时进行工作，驱动雾化喷头工作，将空气压缩机和水泵输入的气体和液体肥进行混合、破碎、雾化，输送到中空的刀轴5内部，经刀轴5的壁上的通孔喷出，可在深旋耕的同时对土壤进行施肥工作。
深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机，其液压装置与拖拉机相连，液压装置控制器安装在拖拉机驾驶室内，由驾驶员操作来控制深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机的工作。
如图4、图5所示，立式旋耕刀刀轴5侧壁上的通孔从上向下依次变大，且位于不同高度的通孔之间的竖直距离不同，以此来保证在分层施肥工作的时候，各通孔的排肥量均等。具体的，所述立式旋耕刀刀轴5侧壁上的通孔从上向下共有三组，每一组中包括两个大小相等且对称设置；第一组通孔的直径为30毫米，通孔中心线距旋耕刀轴5顶端的距离为120毫米；第二组通孔的直径为45毫米，通孔中心线距第一组通孔中心线的距离为110毫米；第三组通孔的直径为55毫米，通孔中心线距第二组通孔中心线的距离为150毫米。如图2、图3所示，经过fluent软件仿真分析，该立式旋耕刀刀轴5在六个出口的位置，气液混合二相流的出口压力、速度均相等。可以均匀的将肥料散播在翻耕后的土壤内部，达到节约资源，降低成本，保护环境的目的。
这种形式的立式旋耕刀刀轴5不仅能减轻旋耕刀和作业机的重量，降低工作能耗。由于超声雾化喷头20所产生的高速气体作用，且立式旋耕刀刀轴5在工作的同时处于沿轴向旋转的工作方式，高速气流会对被耕土壤造成冲击，让液体肥更好的分布于土壤之中。喷出的高速气液混合两相流还能吹落粘附在刀片上的土壤，避免土壤对通孔的阻塞，降低摩擦，增加使用寿命。
立式旋耕刀刀轴5的深孔内壁上有分散板14，在工作的时候，将超声雾化喷头20所产生的二相流雾滴，借助立式旋耕刀刀轴5的旋转惯性，对立式旋耕刀刀轴5内部的雾滴进行进一步的打散，起到二次雾化的作用。
所述立式旋耕刀刀轴5内部的深孔内部有三处喉管21，喉管21中心线位于开孔中心线处。由于喉管21的设置，在喉管21处空间变小，迟滞了空气的流动，使刀轴5内部空气流场分布更均匀，从而保证均匀分层施肥。由于三处开孔的位置、大小不同，所以三处喉管21的大小也不同。从上往下，喉管21直径依次为30、35、45毫米。
深旋耕分层气雾施肥联合作业机，其末端装有覆土板6，覆土板6的作用是将机器耕翻过的土壤进行平整，达到防止肥料挥发，以此保护肥料和填埋耕沟的作用。在覆土板6上面焊接有连接杆8，连接杆上具有多个销孔，用于覆土板6高度调节。机架上焊接有连接架7，覆土板6上的连接杆与连接架7通过销轴连接。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，包括变速箱(2)、机架、数个立式旋耕刀轴(5)、雾化装置、液肥存储装置(15)，所述数个立式旋耕刀轴(5)均垂直于地面设置、并变速箱(2)输出轴相连接，立式旋耕刀轴(5)上设有刀片；所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)内部设有轴向的延伸的深孔、且深孔的开口在刀轴(5)顶端，所述刀轴(5)的壁上设有多个不同高度的通孔；
    所述液肥存储装置(15)、变速箱(2)均装在机架上，变速箱(2)中的齿轮分别为数个立式旋耕刀轴(5)提供动力；
    所述雾化装置包括高压水泵(17)、空气压缩机(19)、超声雾化喷头(20)，所述超声雾化喷头(20)装在立式旋耕刀轴(5)顶端的深孔开口处，且喷雾方向朝向孔内；高压水泵(17)装在液肥存储装置(15)与超声雾化喷头(20)的进水口之间，所述空气压缩机(19)与超声雾化喷头(20)的进气口连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)底端设有螺旋刀片(22)，且在旋耕刀轴(5)周向不同高度位置设置多组刀片(23)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)侧壁上的通孔从上向下依次变大，且位于不同高度的通孔之间的竖直距离不同。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)侧壁上的通孔从上向下共有三组，每一组中包括两个大小相等且对称设置；第一组通孔的直径为30毫米，通孔中心线距立式旋耕刀轴(5)顶端的距离为120毫米；第二组通孔的直径为45毫米，通孔中心线距第一组通孔中心线的距离为110毫米；第三组通孔的直径为55毫米，通孔中心线距第二组通孔中心线的距离为150毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)内部的深孔内壁上有分散板(14)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，所述立式旋耕刀轴(5)内部的深孔内部有三处喉管(21)，喉管(21)中心线位于开孔中心线处；三处喉管(21)的大小不同；从上往下，喉管(21)直径依次为30、35、45毫米。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置，其特征在于，在机架上装有位于旋耕刀轴(5)后部的覆土板(6)。
  8. 一种包含权利要求1-7中任一项所述的深旋耕分层气雾施肥装置的联合作业机，其特征在于，所述机架悬挂于拖拉机上，变速箱(2)通过万向节与拖拉机的动力输出装置相连；拖拉机尾部的液压缸与机架相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的联合作业机，其特征在于，变速箱(2)的齿轮通过传动轴为 旋耕刀轴(5)提供动力，位于变速箱(2)两侧的两根传动轴上还固定皮带轮(10)。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的联合作业机，其特征在于，还包括播种机构，所述播种机构的动力由所述皮带轮(10)提供动力。
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CN116034693A (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-05-02 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 一种施肥机的施肥结构及其施肥机
CN116034693B (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-06-30 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 一种施肥机的施肥结构及其施肥机
CN116076183A (zh) * 2023-02-21 2023-05-09 江苏金云农业装备有限公司 一种具有施肥机构的农用旋耕机
CN116076183B (zh) * 2023-02-21 2023-09-26 江苏金云农业装备有限公司 一种具有施肥机构的农用旋耕机
CN118140637A (zh) * 2024-05-13 2024-06-07 临汾市园林事业发展中心 一种基于生态保护和修复的土地整治机器
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