WO2021068048A1 - Base cutter disc and assembly for an agricultural machine and machine for harvesting tall, stemmed plants - Google Patents

Base cutter disc and assembly for an agricultural machine and machine for harvesting tall, stemmed plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068048A1
WO2021068048A1 PCT/BR2020/050401 BR2020050401W WO2021068048A1 WO 2021068048 A1 WO2021068048 A1 WO 2021068048A1 BR 2020050401 W BR2020050401 W BR 2020050401W WO 2021068048 A1 WO2021068048 A1 WO 2021068048A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
blades
fact
agricultural
cutting disc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2020/050401
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Daenio Cleodolphi
Gilberto José Ribeiro ALVES
João Augusto Marcolin Lucca
Marco Aurélio Ramos PEREIRA
Original Assignee
CNH Industrial Brasil Ltda.
Cnh Industrial America Llc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CNH Industrial Brasil Ltda., Cnh Industrial America Llc. filed Critical CNH Industrial Brasil Ltda.
Publication of WO2021068048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068048A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/10—Harvesting of standing crops of sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/73—Cutting apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to a new base cutting disc and the base cutting set, which were particularly developed for use in agricultural machines, such as those intended for the harvest of tall and stem plants like sugar cane and / or sweet sorghum.
  • the present invention relates to a new harvester machine with tall and stem plants which incorporates the present base cut set to improve the cut quality of the stems and, thus, increase the productivity of the cane and sorghum crops.
  • this model of harvester machine for the collection and processing of tall and stem plants comprises a chassis that supports, in its front portion, a base cut set that is responsible for cut the stem of the plants as close to the ground as possible and, subsequently, several conveyor rollers and chippers responsible for guiding and chopping the cane into pallets, which are transferred to the overflows and / or carts by means of an elevator assembly.
  • the present invention aims to provide a new model of basic cutting disc to be applied in the basic cutting sets used in agricultural machines, particularly those intended for the harvest of plants tall and stem, this cutting disc is designed and developed to obtain a practical and functional solution to the problems, limitations and inconveniences revealed in the state of the art, as summarized above.
  • a new cutting disc for agricultural machines that comprises technical, constructive and functional characteristics capable of promoting the transverse oscillation of the blades at a relatively high frequency and within a substantially small extent in order to significantly improve the cutting process of cane and sorghum stems and, at the same time, reduce energy expenditure and maintain the integrity of the blades for a relatively longer period of time before an eventual need for maintenance.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a harvester machine, particularly intended for the harvest of tall vegetable crops and stems, such as cane and sorghum, which comprise a base cut set as mentioned above.
  • the present invention refers to a new base cutting disc for agricultural machinery that is formed by a driving shaft connected on one side in the frame of the base cutting set and, on the other side, supports two rotating discs, one upper and one lower, which are mounted in parallel and spaced from each other.
  • the aforementioned base cutting disc also has a secondary drive shaft that is connected on one side to a motor source and, on the other side, to a gear that is rotatably accommodated in the space formed between the upper and lower rotating discs, the The edge of said gear is associated with a series of drive meats, which are connected with respective cutting blades in order to move them laterally and alternately at a high frequency.
  • these meats can be complementary gears that are associated with said gear that is associated with the secondary driving shaft, these complementary gears comprising a central pin and on the opposite side an eccentric pin that is associated to the longitudinal rail provided on said cutting blade.
  • the lower rotating disk is provided with rods that are associated and move within guide rails disposed transversely on said cutting blades.
  • the cutting blade has at least one longitudinal rail and at least a guide rail, these tracks having an oblong shape to provide the displacement of said blades.
  • said motor source can be a hydraulic motor and, optionally, it can also be an electric motor or, still, the driving axle can be driven through a set of gears and clutch connected to the motor hydraulic of the base cutting assembly.
  • Said blades can comprise a symmetrical configuration, in this case, said blade comprises longitudinal rails at both ends and, at least, at least one guide rail is projected in the central region of the blades in order to facilitate its use on both sides.
  • these blades may comprise an asymmetric configuration depending on the design configurations of the machine.
  • the frequency of lateral and reciprocating movement of said blades is 21,000 oscillations per minute, within a space variation of up to 1 millimeter.
  • said axis and said axes with the disks comprise different rotation speeds, which allows the adjustment of the oscillation frequency of the blades.
  • the present invention also deals with a basic cutting set for an agricultural machine, which is formed by at least one cutting disk with blades fixed on its periphery, and is mounted on an axis main motor driven by a hydraulic motor which is mounted on a frame installed in the machine's chassis, the cutting disc of this set being formed by a main driving shaft within which a secondary driving shaft is provided that supports a gear associated with a series of drive meats, which are connected with respective cutting blades in a configuration that promotes lateral and alternating movement at a high frequency.
  • the present invention relates to a tall and stem-growing harvester machine that comprises a chassis with a base cutter set being formed in the front portion which is formed by at least one cutting disc as defined above.
  • said tall and stem plant harvesting machine is configured to perform the harvest of sugarcane and / or sweet sorghum.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a cane and sorghum harvesting machine, such as those known in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a base cut assembly, such as those known in the art
  • Figure 3A is a perspective view of a base cutter assembly comprising base cutter discs according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3B is a perspective view similar to Figure 3A, with emphasis on the representation of the drive set of the base cutting discs, according to the present invention
  • Figure 4A shows a perspective view of a base cutting disc, according to the present invention
  • Figure 4B shows a top perspective view of the base cutting disc according to the present invention, similar to Figure 4A, but without the representation of the upper rotating disc;
  • Figure 4C shows a bottom perspective view of the base cutting disc according to the present invention, but without the representation of the lower rotating disc;
  • Figure 4D is an enlarged view of the “D” detail shown in Figure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the base cutting disc, according to line A-A represented in Figure 4A and according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic bottom view of the blade of the base cutting disc, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms used here as a combine harvester, harvester, harvesting machine and its variants are used interchangeably to indicate an agricultural machine intended for harvesting a vegetable crop and, in the case of of this description, to the harvest of tall and stem plants, such as sugar cane, energy cane, sorghum etc.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of an agricultural machine 10 according to aspects known in the prior art.
  • machine 10 is configured as a sugarcane harvester.
  • this machine 10 can correspond to any suitable agricultural harvester model known in the prior art.
  • the machine 10 includes a chassis 12, a pair of front wheels 14, a pair of rear wheels 16, and an operator cabin 18.
  • Machine 10 can also include a primary source of energy (for example, a motor mounted on the chassis 12) that energizes one or both pairs of wheels 14, 16 by means of a transmission (not shown).
  • a primary source of energy for example, a motor mounted on the chassis 12
  • machine 10 can be a track-driven harvester and therefore can include tracks driven by the motor mechanism in place of the illustrated wheels 14, 16.
  • the motor mechanism can also drive a hydraulic fluid pump (not shown) configured to generate pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive various hydraulic components of the machine 10, including the wheels or tracks.
  • machine 10 may include various components for cutting, processing, cleaning and unloading sugar cane as the cane is harvested from an agricultural field 20.
  • machine 10 may include a set of tip cutters 22 positioned at its front end to intercept the sugarcane as the machine 10 moves in the forward direction, as indicated by the arrow X in Figure 1.
  • the tip cutter assembly 22 can include both a binder disk 24 and a binder disk 26.
  • Binder disk 24 can be configured to bind sugar cane stems so that the cutter disk 26 can be used to cut the tip of each stem.
  • the height of the tip cutter assembly 22 can be adjustable by means of a pair of arms 28 hydraulically raised and lowered, as desired by the operator.
  • the combine 10 can include a line divider 30 that extends up and back from field 20.
  • the line divider 30 can include two spiral feed rollers 32, also known as "lollipop".
  • Each feed roller 32 may include a soil shoe 34, since its lower end aids the divider of lines 30 by separating the sugarcane stems for harvesting.
  • the combine 10 can include a tipping roller 36 positioned close to the front wheels 14 and a projection roller 38 positioned behind the tipping roller 36. As the tipping roller 36 is rotated, the cane stems are rotated. harvested sugar canes are tipped while the line divider 30 binds the stems of the agricultural field 20 towards the inside of the machine 10.
  • the projection roller 38 may include a plurality of fins 40 intermittently mounted that help to force the sugar cane stems down. As the roller 38 is rotated during the harvest, the sugar cane stems that were tipped over by the tipping roller 36 are separated and subsequently tipped over by the roller 38 as the machine 10 continues to be moved forward in relation to the field 20 .
  • the machine 10 also includes a base cutting set 42 positioned behind the roller 38.
  • the base cutting set 42 has cutting discs that perform the cutting of the stems of sugar cane as the cane is harvested and can be turned by a hydraulic motor 43 driven by the machine's hydraulic system.
  • the blades of the cutting discs can be be angled downwards to cut the base of the sugar cane as the cane is tipped over by roller 38.
  • the machine 10 may include a set of one or more conveyor rollers 44 located downstream of the base cutter assembly 42 to move the cut sugarcane stems from the base cutting assembly 42 along the processing path.
  • the transport roller set 44 can include a plurality of lower rollers 46 and a plurality of upper rollers 48. As sugar cane is transported through the transport roller set 44, waste (for example, stones, dirt and / or the like) can also be transported or fall through the lower rollers 46 onto the field 20.
  • the machine 10 may include a chipper assembly 50 located at the downstream end of the conveyor roller assembly 44 (for example, adjacent to the lower and upper upper conveyor rolls 46, 48 ).
  • the chopper set 50 can be used to cut or chop the stalks harvested from sugar cane into smaller pieces or “fragments” 51 that can, for example, measure 15.24 centimeters (six (6) inches), also called toletes or grinding wheels.
  • the fragments 51 can then be propelled towards an elevator assembly 52 of the machine 10 to be collected in an external receiver or storage device (not shown), for example, overflows and buckets.
  • pieces of waste 53 eg, dust, subject, leaves, etc.
  • pieces of waste 53 can be expelled from the machine 10 through a primary extractor 54, which is located behind the chipper assembly 50 and is oriented to direct the waste 53 out of the machine 10.
  • a fan 56 can be mounted on the primary extractor 54 to generate sufficient suction or vacuum force to capture the waste 53 and force that waste 53 through the primary extractor 54.
  • the waste 53 is then directed outward and generally in the opposite direction of the machine 10 by by means of an outlet of the primary extractor 54.
  • the separated fragments 51 and heavier than the residues 53 being expelled by the extractor 54 can then fall to the elevator assembly 52.
  • the elevator assembly 52 is to be understood as comprising, in general, an elevator housing structure 58 and an elevator 60 that extends within said elevator housing structure 58 between a proximal end lower 62 and an upper distal end 64.
  • the lower proximal end 62 being attached to the machine 10 and the upper distal end 64 having an opening 82 for discharging the harvested material.
  • the elevator 60 may include a chain or conveyor belt 66 and a plurality of shovels or flats 68 coupled or evenly spaced in the chain 66.
  • the flats 68 can be configured to hold the cane fragments sugar 51 in elevator 60 as fragments 51 are raised to the upper portion 70 of elevator 60.
  • elevator 60 may include lower and upper sprockets 72, 74 positioned around the proximal and distal ends 62, 64, respectively.
  • an elevator motor 76 can be coupled to one of the sprockets (for example, the upper sprocket 74) to drive the chain 66, thus allowing the chain 66 and the cleats 68 to travel in a cycle without end between the proximal and distal ends 62, 64 of elevator 60.
  • pieces of waste 53 (for example, dust, dirt, leaves, etc.) separated from the fragments of sugar cane 51 can be expelled from the machine 10 through a secondary extractor 78 coupled to the rear end of the elevator housing structure 58.
  • the secondary extractor 78 can be located adjacent to the distal end 64 of the elevator 60 and can be oriented towards direct waste 53 out of the machine 10.
  • a fan 80 can be mounted on the secondary extractor 78 to generate sufficient suction or vacuum force to extract the waste 53 and force that waste 53 through the secondary extractor 78.
  • the separate fragments 51, heavier than the waste 53 expelled through the extractor 78, can then fall from the distal end 64 of the elevator 60.
  • the fragments 51 can fall through a discharge opening 82 of the elevator assembly 52 in a device external storage (not shown), such as a car, an overflow, a bucket, etc.
  • machine 10 traverses the entire agricultural field 20 to harvest sugar cane or any other tall and stemy plant.
  • the agglutinating disc 24 in the tip cutter assembly 22 can work in order to agglutinate the sugarcane tips according to the machine 10 proceeds through field 20, while the cutting disc 26 cuts the leafy ends of the sugarcane stems to dump them along both sides of the machine 10.
  • the shoes 34 they can configure the width of the operation to determine the amount of sugar cane that enters the throat of the machine 10, either fixed or adjustable.
  • the lollipops 32 then agglutinate the stems at the entrance of the machine to allow the tipping roller 36 to curve the stems down together with the action of the feed roller 38.
  • the set cutting base 42 can then cut the base of the stems of field 20. The cut stems are then directed to the set of transport rollers 44.
  • the cut stalks of sugar cane are transported backwards by the conveyor rollers 46, 48 which compress the stems and the harvested material.
  • the chopper set 50 cuts or pricks the compacted stalks of sugar cane into pieces or fragments 51. Waste transported 53 (for example, dust, dirt, leaves, etc.) separated from the sugar cane fragments 51 are then extracted through the primary extractor 54 using the suction created by the fan 56. The separated / washed fragments 51 then fall to the elevator assembly 52 and travel upwards through the elevator 60 from its proximal end 62 to distal end 64.
  • fragments 51 During normal operation, once fragments 51 reach the distal end 64 of elevator 60, fragments 51 fall through the discharge opening 82 to a storage device external. Similar to primary extractor 54, waste is blown out of machine 10 through secondary extractor 78 with the aid of extractor fan 80.
  • a harvester machine 10 can be, for example, a machine known in the art, such as the cane harvester of CNH Industrial N.V. marketed under the brand Case IH.
  • a set of base cut 42 is represented, such as those known in the state of the art, which is formed by cutting discs 100 equipped with blades 101 fixed on their peripheries and are designed to cut the stems of the plants as close to the ground as possible, and these discs are mounted on shafts 102 connected to hydraulic motor 43 which, in turn, are mounted on a frame 103 which is fixed to the chassis 12 of the machine 10.
  • the base cutting disc 100 comprises a main driving shaft 102 within which a secondary driving shaft is provided 110, the main driving shaft 102 being connected on one side to the frame 103 of the base cutting assembly 42 and, on the other side, it holds two rotating discs, upper 112a and lower 112b, mounted in parallel and spaced apart.
  • the secondary drive shaft 110 is connected on one side to a motor source 110a and, on the other side, to a gear 111 that is rotatably accommodated in the space formed between said rotating disks 112a, 112b, the edge of which gear 111 it is associated with a series of drive meats 113, which are connected with respective cutting blades 101 to move them laterally in an alternating manner and with a significantly high frequency.
  • Said meats 113 responsible for the lateral movement of the cutting blades 101 can comprise different configurations, one of these ways being the arrangement of these meats as being complementary gears that are associated with said gear 111, being that this complementary gear comprises a central pin 113a and on the opposite side an eccentric pin 113b that is associated with the longitudinal rail 101 a provided in said cutting blade 101.
  • This configuration provides lateral movement of the cutting blades 101 without letting it move in the forward and backward direction and furthermore, the arrangement of said eccentric pin 113b promotes relatively short and rapid displacement of the cutting blade 101.
  • the lower rotating disk 112b may comprise rods 114 that are associated and move within of guide rails 101 b which are transversely arranged on the cutting blades 101 to thereby ensure the alternate and aligned lateral movement of the cutting blades concomitantly with the rotational movement of the cutting disc 100 as a whole.
  • said blade 101 comprises at least one longitudinal rail 101 a and at least one guide rail 101 b, these tracks having an oblong shape, in order to allow the pin to move 113b and rods 114, respectively.
  • the referred motor shaft 110 can be driven by the motor source 110a which can be hydraulic, and thus, being able to be fed by the hydraulic fluid pump (not shown) that it is configured to generate pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive the various hydraulic components of the machine 10.
  • said motor source 110a can be an electric motor or, even said motor shaft 110 can be driven by a set of gears and clutch connected to the engine 43.
  • these blades 101 have a symmetrical configuration, in order to allow the inversion of the sides in cases where the blades have worn out.
  • the blade 101 is provided with a longitudinal rail 101 a at both ends.
  • said guide rails 101 b are designed in the central region of the blades 101 to maintain symmetry and ensure application and use on both sides.
  • these blades can be asymmetrical and, in this case, not allowing their inversion.
  • the alternating lateral movement performed by blade 101 is characterized by being a movement with a high frequency, for example 21,000 oscillations per minute, within a relatively small space variation, for example less than 1 millimeter and, with that, it is possible to obtain the cut by combining oscillatory / alternating movements of the blades with the rotary of the cutting discs 100, making the quality of the cut to be improved and guaranteed even in the cases where the speed and / or sharpening of the blades are not in conditions great.
  • a high frequency for example 21,000 oscillations per minute
  • the generating factor for said oscillation of the cutting blades 101 is the speed difference between the rotation of said axis 110 and the axes 102 with the disks 112a and 112b, in which case, in a condition in which the rotations are equal, the blades rotate with the disc without generating oscillation, since there would be no relative movement between gears 111 and 113.
  • the speed of shaft 110 compared to shafts 102 there is an increase oscillation, making it possible to even reverse the direction of axis 110, for example, generating a large difference in rotation which will consequently cause a large oscillation.
  • the present invention also deals with a base cutting set 42 for an agricultural machine, such as those intended for the harvest of tall and stem plants, said base cutting set 42 comprising at least one base cutting disc 100, as defined above, which is basically formed by a main driving shaft 102 within which a secondary driving shaft 110 is provided which supports a gear 111 which is associated with a series of cams drive units 113, which are connected with respective cutting blades 101 to move them laterally in an alternating manner and with a significantly high frequency.
  • the present invention also relates to a tall and stem-harvester harvesting machine comprising a chassis 12 with a base cutter assembly 42 according to the invention being installed in the front portion defined above, where the blades 101 are mounted so as to perform a high frequency alternating lateral movement in a relatively small space.
  • said tall and stemy plant harvesting machine is designed and developed to perform the harvest of sugarcane and / or sweet sorghum.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel base cutter disc and to the base cutter assembly particularly developed for application in an agricultural machine, such as cane and sorghum harvesters, the construction of which is capable of promoting the transverse oscillation of the blades at a significantly high frequency and within a substantially small range in order to thereby significantly improve the process of cutting cane and sorghum stems. More particularly, the aforementioned base cutter disc is formed by a drive shaft (102) that is connected on one side to the frame (103) of the base cutter assembly (42) and, on the other side, supports two rotating discs, one upper (112a) and the other lower (112b), which are mounted parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other; it also has a secondary drive shaft (110) that is connected on one side to a motive power source (110a) and, on the other side, to a gear (111) rotatably accommodated in the space formed between said rotating discs (112a, 112b); and the edge of the aforementioned gear (111) being associated with a series of actuating cams (113), which are connected to respective cutter blades (101) so as to move them laterally and alternately at a high frequency.

Description

“DISCO E CONJUNTO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA E MÁQUINA COLHEDORA DE PLANTAS ALTAS E “DISC AND BASE CUTTING ASSEMBLY FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE AND HARVESTING MACHINE FOR HIGH PLANTS AND
CAULEOSAS” CAULEOSAS ”
Campo de Invenção Field of Invention
[0001 ] A presente invenção refere-se, de um modo geral, a um novo disco de corte de base e ao conjunto de corte de base, os quais foram particularmente desenvolvidos para serem utilizados em máquinas agrícolas, tais como aquelas destinadas à colheita de plantas altas e cauleosas do tipo cana-de-açúcar e/ou sorgo-doce. Ainda, a presente invenção se refere a uma nova máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas a qual incorpora o presente conjunto de corte de base para melhorar a qualidade de corte dos caules e, desse modo, aumentar a produtividade das colheitas de cana e sorgo. [0001] The present invention relates, in general, to a new base cutting disc and the base cutting set, which were particularly developed for use in agricultural machines, such as those intended for the harvest of tall and stem plants like sugar cane and / or sweet sorghum. In addition, the present invention relates to a new harvester machine with tall and stem plants which incorporates the present base cut set to improve the cut quality of the stems and, thus, increase the productivity of the cane and sorghum crops.
Fundamentos da Invenção Fundamentals of the Invention
[0002] De acordo com o estado da técnica, existem inúmeros modelos de máquina e equipamentos agrícolas destinados a promover o aumento da produtividade nas colheitas dos diversos tipos de culturas vegetais, por exemplo, as colheitadeiras de grãos, as forrageiras e, também, as máquinas colhedoras das chamadas plantas altas e cauleosas, como é o caso da cana e do sorgo. [0003] Essas máquinas colhedoras de plantas altas e cauleosas são projetadas e desenvolvidas para propiciar a colheita deste tipo específico de cultura, uma vez que, suas características intrínsecas exigem condições particulares para o seu adequado processamento, desde o corte das plantas até a transferência para os transbordos e/ou carretas. [0002] According to the state of the art, there are numerous models of agricultural machinery and equipment designed to promote increased productivity in the harvests of different types of vegetable crops, for example, grain harvesters, forages and also the harvesting machines of the so-called tall and stem plants, such as cane and sorghum. [0003] These harvesting machines for tall and stem plants are designed and developed to provide the harvest of this specific type of crop, since their intrinsic characteristics require particular conditions for their adequate processing, from cutting the plants to transferring them to transhipments and / or trailers.
[0004] Basicamente, como deve ser apreciado pelos técnicos no assunto, esse modelo de máquina colhedora destinada à colheita e processamento de plantas altas e cauleosas compreende um chassi que sustenta, em sua porção frontal, um conjunto de corte de base que é responsável por cortar o caule das plantas o mais próximo possível do solo e, na sequência, são dispostos diversos rolos transportadores e picadores responsáveis por conduzir e picar a cana em toletes, os quais são transferidos para os transbordos e/ou carretas através de um conjunto elevador. [0004] Basically, as it should be appreciated by the technicians in the subject, this model of harvester machine for the collection and processing of tall and stem plants comprises a chassis that supports, in its front portion, a base cut set that is responsible for cut the stem of the plants as close to the ground as possible and, subsequently, several conveyor rollers and chippers responsible for guiding and chopping the cane into pallets, which are transferred to the overflows and / or carts by means of an elevator assembly.
[0005] Particularmente com relação ao conjunto de corte de base, e conforme é possível destacar, nos casos em que os discos de corte desses conjuntos não conseguem efetuar o corte adequado do caule da planta, seja em virtude das lâminas não estarem devidamente afiadas ou os discos de corte não estarem girando na velocidade adequada, as raízes das plantas podem ser arrancadas do solo e, consequentemente, acabam prejudicando a produtividade da próxima safra. Dessa forma, nota-se que para tentar evitar esses problemas e inconvenientes do estado técnica, é preciso utilizar muita energia para manter a velocidade dos discos de corte em uma rotação adequada e, ainda, manter as lâminas devidamente e constantemente afiadas, o que exige manutenções periódicas que requerem paradas da máquina e, por consequência, afetam o rendimento das colheitas. [0005] Particularly in relation to the base cutting set, and as it is possible to highlight, in cases where the cutting discs of these sets are unable to make the proper cut of the plant stem, either because the blades are not properly sharpened or the cutting discs are not rotating at the proper speed, the roots of the plants can be pulled out of the soil and, consequently, end up harming the productivity of the next harvest. Thus, it is noted that to try to avoid these problems and inconveniences of the technical state, it is necessary to use a lot of energy to maintain the speed of the cutting discs in an adequate rotation and, still, to keep the blades properly and constantly sharp, which periodic maintenance that requires machine stops and, consequently, affects crop yields.
[0006] Vale lembrar que o nível de choque e agressão provocado pelo contato das lâminas de corte com os caules das plantas é bastante elevado e, por essa razão, a quantidade de energia necessária e o desgaste das lâminas acabam sendo significativos, exigindo um controle e monitoramento constante desse conjunto de corte de base e, ainda, frequentes paralisações para manutenções preventivas e emergenciais que, de certo modo, também comprometem a produtividade das máquinas. [0006] It is worth remembering that the level of shock and aggression caused by the contact of the cutting blades with the stems of the plants is quite high and, for this reason, the amount of energy required and the wear of the blades end up being significant, requiring a control and constant monitoring of this base cutting set and, also, frequent stoppages for preventive and emergency maintenance, which, in a way, also compromise the productivity of the machines.
[0007] Desse modo, apesar de se mostrarem funcionais, verificou-se que os discos de corte, bem como os conjuntos de corte de base conhecidos e utilizados no estado da técnica poderiam ser aperfeiçoados, principalmente no que se refere a qualidade do corte dos caules e, ao mesmo tempo, proporcionar melhores condições de trabalho para os discos e lâminas de corte, de modo a obter uma solução efetivamente prática, funcional e capaz de executar o corte adequado dos caules sem comprometer a saúde das raízes e as condições de cultivo da próxima safra. Assim, vale destacar que são esses, dentre outros, os objetivos e soluções que se pretende obter com o desenvolvimento da presente invenção. [0007] Thus, despite being functional, it was found that the cutting discs, as well as the basic cutting sets known and used in the state of the art, could be improved, especially with regard to the quality of the cutting of the stems and, at the same time, provide better working conditions for the cutting discs and blades, in order to obtain an effectively practical, functional and capable of executing the cutting solution stems without compromising root health and growing conditions for the next crop. Thus, it is worth mentioning that these are, among others, the objectives and solutions that are intended to be obtained with the development of the present invention.
Descrição da Invenção Description of the Invention
[0008] Dessa forma, de acordo com o acima apresentado, a presente invenção tem por objetivo prover um novo modelo de disco de corte de base para ser aplicado nos conjuntos de corte de base utilizados em máquinas agrícolas, particularmente aquelas destinadas à colheita de plantas altas e cauleosas, sendo esse disco de corte projetado e desenvolvido para obter uma solução prática e funcional aos problemas, limitações e inconvenientes revelados no estado da técnica, conforme acima sumarizados. [0008] Thus, according to the above, the present invention aims to provide a new model of basic cutting disc to be applied in the basic cutting sets used in agricultural machines, particularly those intended for the harvest of plants tall and stem, this cutting disc is designed and developed to obtain a practical and functional solution to the problems, limitations and inconveniences revealed in the state of the art, as summarized above.
[0009] Mais particularmente, é um dos objetivos da presente invenção prover um novo disco de corte para máquinas agrícolas que compreende características técnicas, construtivas e funcionais capazes de promover a oscilação transversal das lâminas em uma frequência relativamente alta e dentro de uma extensão substancialmente pequena para, com isso, melhorar significativamente o processo de corte dos caules de cana e sorgo e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir o dispêndio de energia e manter a integridade das lâminas por um período de tempo relativamente maior antes de uma eventual necessidade de manutenção. [0009] More particularly, it is one of the objectives of the present invention to provide a new cutting disc for agricultural machines that comprises technical, constructive and functional characteristics capable of promoting the transverse oscillation of the blades at a relatively high frequency and within a substantially small extent in order to significantly improve the cutting process of cane and sorghum stems and, at the same time, reduce energy expenditure and maintain the integrity of the blades for a relatively longer period of time before an eventual need for maintenance.
[0010] Também é objetivo da presente invenção prover um conjunto de corte de base para ser aplicado em uma máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas, e que seja formado por pelo menos um disco de corte, conforme acima indicado. [0010] It is also an objective of the present invention to provide a base cutting set to be applied in a tall and stemy harvesting machine, and that is formed by at least one cutting disk, as indicated above.
[0011] Ainda, outro objetivo da presente invenção é prover uma máquina colhedora, particularmente destinada à colheita de culturas vegetais altas e cauleosas, tais como a cana e o sorgo, a qual compreende um conjunto de corte de base conforme acima comentado. [0011] Yet, another objective of the present invention is to provide a harvester machine, particularly intended for the harvest of tall vegetable crops and stems, such as cane and sorghum, which comprise a base cut set as mentioned above.
[0012] Dessa forma, para se conseguir obter os efeitos técnicos e funcionais acima sumarizados, dentre outros, a presente invenção refere-se a um novo disco de corte de base para máquinas agrícolas que é formado por um eixo motor conectado de um lado na armação do conjunto de corte de base e, do outro lado, sustenta dois discos rotativos, um superior e outro inferior, os quais são montados de modo paralelo e distanciados entre si. Ainda o referido disco de corte de base possui um eixo motor secundário que é conectado de um lado em uma fonte motora e, do outro lado, em uma engrenagem acomodada de forma rotativa no espaço formado entre os discos rotativos superior e inferior, sendo que a borda da referida engrenagem está associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento, os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte de modo a movimentá-las lateralmente e alternadamente em uma alta frequência. [0012] Thus, in order to obtain the technical and functional effects summarized above, among others, the present invention refers to a new base cutting disc for agricultural machinery that is formed by a driving shaft connected on one side in the frame of the base cutting set and, on the other side, supports two rotating discs, one upper and one lower, which are mounted in parallel and spaced from each other. The aforementioned base cutting disc also has a secondary drive shaft that is connected on one side to a motor source and, on the other side, to a gear that is rotatably accommodated in the space formed between the upper and lower rotating discs, the The edge of said gear is associated with a series of drive meats, which are connected with respective cutting blades in order to move them laterally and alternately at a high frequency.
[0013] De acordo com uma realização da presente invenção esse carnes podem ser engrenagens complementares que estão associadas à dita engrenagem que está associada ao eixo motor secundário, sendo que essas engrenagens complementares compreendem um pino central e no lado oposto um pino excêntrico que está associado ao trilho longitudinal previsto na referida lâmina de corte. [0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, these meats can be complementary gears that are associated with said gear that is associated with the secondary driving shaft, these complementary gears comprising a central pin and on the opposite side an eccentric pin that is associated to the longitudinal rail provided on said cutting blade.
[0014] Adicionalmente, conforme uma outra concretização da presente invenção, o disco rotativo inferior é dotado de hastes que estão associadas e se deslocam dentro de trilhos guias dispostos transversalmente nas referidas lâminas de corte. [0014] In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the lower rotating disk is provided with rods that are associated and move within guide rails disposed transversely on said cutting blades.
[0015] De acordo com uma outra realização possível da presente invenção, a lâmina de corte possui ao menos um trilho longitudinal e ao menos um trilho guia, sendo que esses trilhos compreendem um formato oblongo para propiciar o deslocamento das referidas lâminas. [0015] According to another possible embodiment of the present invention, the cutting blade has at least one longitudinal rail and at least a guide rail, these tracks having an oblong shape to provide the displacement of said blades.
[0016] Conforme uma concretização da presente invenção, a referida fonte motora pode ser um motor hidráulico e, opcionalmente, também pode ser um motor elétrico ou, ainda, o eixo motor pode ser acionado através de um conjunto de engrenagens e embreagem conectados ao motor hidráulico do conjunto de corte de base. [0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, said motor source can be a hydraulic motor and, optionally, it can also be an electric motor or, still, the driving axle can be driven through a set of gears and clutch connected to the motor hydraulic of the base cutting assembly.
[0017] As ditas lâminas, de acordo com uma realização da presente invenção, podem compreender uma configuração simétrica, neste caso, a referida lâmina compreende trilhos longitudinais em ambas as extremidades e, ainda, o ao menos um trilho guia é projetado na região central das lâminas para, com isso, propiciar o seu uso em ambos os lados. Alternativamente, dependendo das configurações de projeto da máquina, essas lâminas podem compreender uma configuração assimétrica. [0017] Said blades, according to an embodiment of the present invention, can comprise a symmetrical configuration, in this case, said blade comprises longitudinal rails at both ends and, at least, at least one guide rail is projected in the central region of the blades in order to facilitate its use on both sides. Alternatively, depending on the design configurations of the machine, these blades may comprise an asymmetric configuration.
[0018] Adicionalmente, segundo uma outra realização possível da presente invenção, a frequência do movimento lateral e alternado das referidas lâminas é de 21 .000 oscilações por minuto, dentro de uma variação de espaço de até 1 milímetro. Opcionalmente, o referido eixo e os ditos eixos com os discos compreendem velocidades de rotação diferentes, o que propicia o ajuste da frequência de oscilação das lâminas. [0018] Additionally, according to another possible embodiment of the present invention, the frequency of lateral and reciprocating movement of said blades is 21,000 oscillations per minute, within a space variation of up to 1 millimeter. Optionally, said axis and said axes with the disks comprise different rotation speeds, which allows the adjustment of the oscillation frequency of the blades.
[0019] Adicionalmente, conforme acima indicado, a presente invenção também trata de um conjunto de corte de base para uma máquina agrícola, que é formado por ao menos um disco de corte dotado de lâminas fixadas em sua periferia, e é montado em um eixo motor principal acionado por motor hidráulico que está montado em uma armação instalada no chassi da máquina, sendo o referido disco de corte deste conjunto formado por um eixo motor principal dentro do qual é previsto um eixo motor secundário que sustenta uma engrenagem associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento, os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte em uma configuração que promove a movimentação lateral e alternada em uma alta frequência. [0019] Additionally, as indicated above, the present invention also deals with a basic cutting set for an agricultural machine, which is formed by at least one cutting disk with blades fixed on its periphery, and is mounted on an axis main motor driven by a hydraulic motor which is mounted on a frame installed in the machine's chassis, the cutting disc of this set being formed by a main driving shaft within which a secondary driving shaft is provided that supports a gear associated with a series of drive meats, which are connected with respective cutting blades in a configuration that promotes lateral and alternating movement at a high frequency.
[0020] Adicionalmente, e também conforme acima comentado, a presente invenção refere-se a uma máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas que compreende um chassi sendo que na porção frontal é instalado um conjunto de corte de base que é formado por ao menos um disco de corte conforme definido acima. [0020] In addition, and also as mentioned above, the present invention relates to a tall and stem-growing harvester machine that comprises a chassis with a base cutter set being formed in the front portion which is formed by at least one cutting disc as defined above.
[0021] De acordo com concretizações possíveis da presente invenção, a referida máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas é configurada para executar a colheita de cana-de-açúcar e/ou sorgo-doce. [0021] In accordance with possible embodiments of the present invention, said tall and stem plant harvesting machine is configured to perform the harvest of sugarcane and / or sweet sorghum.
Descrição Resumida dos Desenhos Brief Description of Drawings
[0022] As características, vantagens e efeitos técnicos da presente invenção serão mais bem compreendidos por um técnico no assunto a partir da descrição detalhada a seguir, feita a título meramente exemplificativo, e não restritivo, de realizações da invenção, e com referência às figuras anexas, as quais: [0022] The characteristics, advantages and technical effects of the present invention will be better understood by a person skilled in the art from the detailed description below, made by way of example only, and not restrictive, of the invention's realizations, and with reference to the figures attached, which:
A Figura 1 é uma vista lateral esquemática de uma máquina colhedora de cana e sorgo, tal como aquelas conhecidas no estado da técnica; Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a cane and sorghum harvesting machine, such as those known in the prior art;
A Figura 2 é uma vista em perspectiva de um conjunto de corte de base, tal como aqueles conhecidos no estado da técnica; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a base cut assembly, such as those known in the art;
A Figura 3A é uma vista em perspectiva de um conjunto de corte de base compreendendo discos de corte de base segundo a presente invenção; Figure 3A is a perspective view of a base cutter assembly comprising base cutter discs according to the present invention;
A Figura 3B é uma vista em perspectiva similar à Figura 3A, com destaque para a representação do conjunto de acionamento dos discos de corte de base, de acordo com a presente invenção; Figure 3B is a perspective view similar to Figure 3A, with emphasis on the representation of the drive set of the base cutting discs, according to the present invention;
A Figura 4A mostra uma vista em perspectiva de um disco de corte de base, de acordo com a presente invenção; A Figura 4B mostra uma vista em perspectiva superior do disco de corte de base segundo a presente invenção, similar à Figura 4A, mas sem a representação do disco rotativo superior; Figure 4A shows a perspective view of a base cutting disc, according to the present invention; Figure 4B shows a top perspective view of the base cutting disc according to the present invention, similar to Figure 4A, but without the representation of the upper rotating disc;
A Figura 4C mostra uma vista em perspectiva inferior do disco de corte de base segundo a presente invenção, mas sem a representação do disco rotativo inferior; Figure 4C shows a bottom perspective view of the base cutting disc according to the present invention, but without the representation of the lower rotating disc;
A Figura 4D é uma vista ampliada do detalhe “D” indicado na FiguraFigure 4D is an enlarged view of the “D” detail shown in Figure
4C; 4C;
A Figura 5 é uma vista lateral em corte esquemática do disco de corte de base, de acordo com a linha A-A representada na Figura 4A e segundo a presente invenção; e Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the base cutting disc, according to line A-A represented in Figure 4A and according to the present invention; and
A Figura 6 é uma vista inferior esquemática da lâmina do disco de corte de base, de acordo com uma realização da presente invenção. Figure 6 is a schematic bottom view of the blade of the base cutting disc, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Descrição de Realizações da Invenção [0023] A invenção será agora descrita com relação às suas realizações particulares, fazendo-se referência às figuras anexas. Tais figuras são esquemáticas, e suas dimensões e/ou proporções podem não corresponder à realidade, uma vez que visam descrever a invenção de forma didática. Ademais, certos detalhes construtivos conhecidos e comuns podem ter sido omitidos para maior clareza e concisão da descrição que é feita a seguir. Os números de referência utilizados são repetidos ao longo das figuras para identificar partes idênticas ou semelhantes. Os termos eventualmente utilizados como “acima”, “abaixo”, “frente”, “trás”, “direita”, “esquerda” etc. e suas variantes devem ser interpretados segundo a orientação dada na Figura 1 . Description of Realizations of the Invention [0023] The invention will now be described in relation to its particular realizations, with reference to the attached figures. Such figures are schematic, and their dimensions and / or proportions may not correspond to reality, since they aim to describe the invention in a didactic way. In addition, certain known and common constructive details may have been omitted for clarity and brevity in the description that follows. The reference numbers used are repeated throughout the figures to identify identical or similar parts. The terms eventually used such as "above", "below", "front", "back", "right", "left" etc. and their variants should be interpreted according to the guidance given in Figure 1.
[0024] Os termos aqui empregados como colheitadeira, colhedora, máquina de colher e suas variantes são utilizados indistintamente para indicar uma máquina agrícola destinada à colheita de uma cultura vegetal e, no caso desta descrição, à colheita de plantas altas e cauleosas, tal como a cana-de- açúcar, a cana energia, o sorgo etc. [0024] The terms used here as a combine harvester, harvester, harvesting machine and its variants are used interchangeably to indicate an agricultural machine intended for harvesting a vegetable crop and, in the case of of this description, to the harvest of tall and stem plants, such as sugar cane, energy cane, sorghum etc.
[0025] Com relação agora aos desenhos, a Figura 1 ilustra uma vista lateral de uma realização de uma máquina agrícola 10 de acordo com aspectos conhecidos no estado da técnica. Conforme representada, a máquina 10 é configurada como uma colheitadeira de cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, em outras realizações, essa máquina 10 pode corresponder a qualquer modelo de colheitadeira agrícola adequada conhecida do estado da técnica. [0025] With reference now to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of an agricultural machine 10 according to aspects known in the prior art. As shown, machine 10 is configured as a sugarcane harvester. However, in other embodiments, this machine 10 can correspond to any suitable agricultural harvester model known in the prior art.
[0026] Ainda com relação à Figura 1 , a máquina 10 inclui um chassi 12, um par de rodas frontais 14, um par de rodas traseiras 16, e uma cabine de operador 18. A máquina 10 pode também incluir uma fonte primária de energia (por exemplo, um motor montado no chassi 12) que energiza um ou ambos pares de rodas 14, 16 por meio de uma transmissão (não mostrada). Alternativamente, a máquina 10 pode ser uma colheitadeira acionada sobre esteiras e, portanto, pode incluir esteiras acionadas pelo mecanismo motor em substituição às rodas ilustradas 14, 16. O mecanismo motor pode também acionar uma bomba de fluido hidráulico (não mostrada) configurada para gerar fluido hidráulico pressurizado para acionar vários componentes hidráulicos da máquina 10, inclusive as rodas ou esteiras. [0026] Still with respect to Figure 1, the machine 10 includes a chassis 12, a pair of front wheels 14, a pair of rear wheels 16, and an operator cabin 18. Machine 10 can also include a primary source of energy (for example, a motor mounted on the chassis 12) that energizes one or both pairs of wheels 14, 16 by means of a transmission (not shown). Alternatively, machine 10 can be a track-driven harvester and therefore can include tracks driven by the motor mechanism in place of the illustrated wheels 14, 16. The motor mechanism can also drive a hydraulic fluid pump (not shown) configured to generate pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive various hydraulic components of the machine 10, including the wheels or tracks.
[0027] Adicionalmente, a máquina 10 pode incluir vários componentes para cortar, processar, limpar e descarregar cana-de-açúcar conforme a cana é colhida de um campo agrícola 20. Por exemplo, a máquina 10 pode incluir um conjunto de cortador de pontas 22 posicionado na sua extremidade frontal para interceptar a cana-de-açúcar conforme a máquina 10 se movimenta na direção de avanço, tal como indicado pela seta X na Figura 1 . Conforme mostrado, o conjunto de cortador de pontas 22 pode incluir tanto um disco aglutinador 24 quanto um disco cortador 26. O disco aglutinador 24 pode ser configurado para aglutinar caules de cana-de-açúcar, de modo que o disco cortador 26 possa ser usado para cortar a ponta de cada caule. Geralmente, a altura do conjunto cortador de pontas 22 pode ser ajustável por meio de um par de braços 28 hidraulicamente erguidos e baixados, conforme desejado pelo operador. [0027] Additionally, machine 10 may include various components for cutting, processing, cleaning and unloading sugar cane as the cane is harvested from an agricultural field 20. For example, machine 10 may include a set of tip cutters 22 positioned at its front end to intercept the sugarcane as the machine 10 moves in the forward direction, as indicated by the arrow X in Figure 1. As shown, the tip cutter assembly 22 can include both a binder disk 24 and a binder disk 26. Binder disk 24 can be configured to bind sugar cane stems so that the cutter disk 26 can be used to cut the tip of each stem. Generally, the height of the tip cutter assembly 22 can be adjustable by means of a pair of arms 28 hydraulically raised and lowered, as desired by the operator.
[0028] Adicionalmente, a colheitadeira 10 pode incluir um divisor de linhas 30 que se estende para cima e para trás a partir do campo 20. Em geral, o divisor de linhas 30 pode incluir dois rolos de alimentação em espiral 32, também conhecidos como “pirulito”. Cada rolo de alimentação 32 pode incluir uma sapata de solo 34, visto que sua extremidade inferior auxilia o divisor de linhas 30 separando os caules de cana-de-açúcar para colheita. Além disso, conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , a colheitadeira 10 pode incluir um rolo tombador 36 posicionado próximo às rodas frontais 14 e um rolo com projeções 38 posicionado atrás do rolo tombador 36. Conforme o rolo tombador 36 é girado, os caules de cana-de-açúcar colhidos são tombados enquanto o divisor de linhas 30 aglutina os caules do campo agrícola 20 no sentido para o interior da máquina 10. Adicionalmente, conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , o rolo com projeções 38 pode incluir uma pluralidade de aletas 40 intermitentemente montadas que auxiliam em forçar os caules de cana-de-açúcar para baixo. Conforme o rolo 38 é girado durante a colheita, os caules de cana-de-açúcar que foram tombados pelo rolo tombador 36 são separados e, posteriormente, tombados pelo rolo 38 conforme a máquina 10 continua a ser movida para frente com relação ao campo 20. [0028] Additionally, the combine 10 can include a line divider 30 that extends up and back from field 20. In general, the line divider 30 can include two spiral feed rollers 32, also known as "lollipop". Each feed roller 32 may include a soil shoe 34, since its lower end aids the divider of lines 30 by separating the sugarcane stems for harvesting. In addition, as shown in Figure 1, the combine 10 can include a tipping roller 36 positioned close to the front wheels 14 and a projection roller 38 positioned behind the tipping roller 36. As the tipping roller 36 is rotated, the cane stems are rotated. harvested sugar canes are tipped while the line divider 30 binds the stems of the agricultural field 20 towards the inside of the machine 10. Additionally, as shown in Figure 1, the projection roller 38 may include a plurality of fins 40 intermittently mounted that help to force the sugar cane stems down. As the roller 38 is rotated during the harvest, the sugar cane stems that were tipped over by the tipping roller 36 are separated and subsequently tipped over by the roller 38 as the machine 10 continues to be moved forward in relation to the field 20 .
[0029] Ainda com referência à Figura 1 , a máquina 10 também inclui um conjunto de corte de base 42 posicionado atrás do rolo 38. Como é geralmente entendido, o conjunto de corte de base 42 possui discos de corte que executam o corte dos caules de cana-de-açúcar conforme a cana é colhida, podendo ser girados por um motor hidráulico 43 acionado pelo sistema hidráulico da máquina. Adicionalmente, em diversas realizações, as lâminas dos discos de corte podem ser anguladas para baixo para cortar a base da cana-de-açúcar conforme a cana é tombada pelo rolo 38. [0029] Still with reference to Figure 1, the machine 10 also includes a base cutting set 42 positioned behind the roller 38. As is generally understood, the base cutting set 42 has cutting discs that perform the cutting of the stems of sugar cane as the cane is harvested and can be turned by a hydraulic motor 43 driven by the machine's hydraulic system. In addition, in various embodiments, the blades of the cutting discs can be be angled downwards to cut the base of the sugar cane as the cane is tipped over by roller 38.
[0030] Além disso, como representado na Figura 1 , a máquina 10 pode incluir um conjunto de um ou mais rolos transportadores 44 localizado a jusante do conjunto de corte de base 42 para mover os caules cortados de cana-de- açúcar a partir do conjunto de corte de base 42 ao longo da trajetória de processamento. Conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , o conjunto de rolos de transporte 44 pode incluir uma pluralidade de rolos inferiores 46 e uma pluralidade de rolos superiores 48. Conforme a cana-de-açúcar é transportada através do conjunto de rolos de transporte 44, resíduos (por exemplo, pedras, sujeira e/ou similares) podem ser também transportados ou cair através dos rolos inferiores 46 sobre o campo 20. [0030] In addition, as shown in Figure 1, the machine 10 may include a set of one or more conveyor rollers 44 located downstream of the base cutter assembly 42 to move the cut sugarcane stems from the base cutting assembly 42 along the processing path. As shown in Figure 1, the transport roller set 44 can include a plurality of lower rollers 46 and a plurality of upper rollers 48. As sugar cane is transported through the transport roller set 44, waste (for example, stones, dirt and / or the like) can also be transported or fall through the lower rollers 46 onto the field 20.
[0031] Adicionalmente, como é possível observar na Figura 1 , a máquina 10 pode incluir um conjunto picador 50 localizado na extremidade a jusante do conjunto de rolos de transporte 44 (por exemplo, adjacente aos rolos transportadores inferiores e superiores mais traseiros 46, 48). Em geral, o conjunto picador 50 pode ser usado para cortar ou picar os caules colhidos de cana-de-açúcar em pedaços ou “fragmentos” 51 menores que podem, por exemplo, medir 15,24 centímetros (seis (6) polegadas), também chamados de toletes ou rebolos. Os fragmentos 51 podem, então, ser impulsionados na direção de um conjunto elevador 52 da máquina 10 para serem coletados em um receptor externo ou dispositivo de armazenamento (não mostrado), por exemplo, os transbordos e caçambas. [0031] Additionally, as can be seen in Figure 1, the machine 10 may include a chipper assembly 50 located at the downstream end of the conveyor roller assembly 44 (for example, adjacent to the lower and upper upper conveyor rolls 46, 48 ). In general, the chopper set 50 can be used to cut or chop the stalks harvested from sugar cane into smaller pieces or “fragments” 51 that can, for example, measure 15.24 centimeters (six (6) inches), also called toletes or grinding wheels. The fragments 51 can then be propelled towards an elevator assembly 52 of the machine 10 to be collected in an external receiver or storage device (not shown), for example, overflows and buckets.
[0032] Conforme é geralmente entendido, pedaços de resíduos 53 (por exemplo, poeira, sujeita, folhas, etc.) separados dos fragmentos de cana-de- açúcar 51 podem ser expelidos da máquina 10 através de um extrator primário 54, que é localizado atrás do conjunto picador 50 e é orientado para direcionar os resíduos 53 para fora da máquina 10. Adicionalmente, um ventilador 56 pode ser montado no extrator primário 54 para gerar uma força de sucção ou vácuo suficiente para capturar os resíduos 53 e forçar esses resíduos 53 através do extrator primário 54. Os resíduos 53 são, então, direcionados para fora e geralmente na direção contrária da máquina 10 por meio de uma saída do extrator primário 54. Os fragmentos separados 51 e mais pesados que os resíduos 53 que estão sendo expulsos pelo extrator 54, podem, então, cair para o conjunto elevador 52. [0032] As is generally understood, pieces of waste 53 (eg, dust, subject, leaves, etc.) separated from the sugar cane fragments 51 can be expelled from the machine 10 through a primary extractor 54, which is located behind the chipper assembly 50 and is oriented to direct the waste 53 out of the machine 10. Additionally, a fan 56 can be mounted on the primary extractor 54 to generate sufficient suction or vacuum force to capture the waste 53 and force that waste 53 through the primary extractor 54. The waste 53 is then directed outward and generally in the opposite direction of the machine 10 by by means of an outlet of the primary extractor 54. The separated fragments 51 and heavier than the residues 53 being expelled by the extractor 54, can then fall to the elevator assembly 52.
[0033] De acordo com este relatório descritivo, o conjunto elevador 52 deve ser entendido como compreendendo, em geral, uma estrutura de alojamento de elevador 58 e um elevador 60 que se estende dentro da referida estrutura de alojamento do elevador 58 entre uma extremidade proximal inferior 62 e uma extremidade distai superior 64. A extremidade proximal inferior 62 sendo fixada à máquina 10 e a extremidade distai superior 64 tendo uma abertura 82 para descarga do material colhido. [0033] According to this specification, the elevator assembly 52 is to be understood as comprising, in general, an elevator housing structure 58 and an elevator 60 that extends within said elevator housing structure 58 between a proximal end lower 62 and an upper distal end 64. The lower proximal end 62 being attached to the machine 10 and the upper distal end 64 having an opening 82 for discharging the harvested material.
[0034] Em realizações adicionais ou alternativas, o elevador 60 pode incluir uma corrente ou esteira transportadora 66 e uma pluralidade de pás ou taliscas 68 acopladas ou espaçadas de maneira uniforme na corrente 66. As taliscas 68 podem ser configuradas para segurar os fragmentos de cana-de- açúcar 51 no elevador 60 conforme os fragmentos 51 são elevados até a porção superior 70 do elevador 60. Adicionalmente, o elevador 60 pode incluir rodas dentadas inferiores e superiores 72, 74 posicionadas em torno das extremidades proximal e distai 62, 64, respectivamente. Conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , um motor de elevador 76 pode ser acoplado a uma das rodas dentadas (por exemplo, a roda dentada superior 74) para acionar a corrente 66, permitindo assim que a corrente 66 e as taliscas 68 viajem em um ciclo sem fim entre as extremidades proximal e distai 62, 64 do elevador 60. [0034] In additional or alternative embodiments, the elevator 60 may include a chain or conveyor belt 66 and a plurality of shovels or flats 68 coupled or evenly spaced in the chain 66. The flats 68 can be configured to hold the cane fragments sugar 51 in elevator 60 as fragments 51 are raised to the upper portion 70 of elevator 60. Additionally, elevator 60 may include lower and upper sprockets 72, 74 positioned around the proximal and distal ends 62, 64, respectively. As shown in Figure 1, an elevator motor 76 can be coupled to one of the sprockets (for example, the upper sprocket 74) to drive the chain 66, thus allowing the chain 66 and the cleats 68 to travel in a cycle without end between the proximal and distal ends 62, 64 of elevator 60.
[0035] Além disso, pedaços de resíduos 53 (por exemplo, poeira, sujeira, folhas, etc.) separados dos fragmentos de cana-de-açúcar 51 podem ser expelidos da máquina 10 através de um extrator secundário 78 acoplado à extremidade traseira da estrutura de alojamento do elevador 58. Conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , o extrator secundário 78 pode estar situado de maneira adjacente à extremidade distai 64 do elevador 60 e pode ser orientado para direcionar os resíduos 53 para fora a partir da máquina 10. Adicionalmente, um ventilador 80 pode ser montado no extrator secundário 78 para gerar uma força de sucção ou vácuo suficiente para extrair os resíduos 53 e forçar esses resíduos 53 através do extrator secundário 78. Os fragmentos separados 51 , mais pesados que os resíduos 53 expelidos através do extrator 78, podem, então, cair da extremidade distai 64 do elevador 60. Tipicamente, os fragmentos 51 podem cair através de uma abertura de descarga 82 do conjunto elevador 52 em um dispositivo de armazenamento externo (não mostrado), tal como um carro, um transbordo, uma caçamba etc. [0035] In addition, pieces of waste 53 (for example, dust, dirt, leaves, etc.) separated from the fragments of sugar cane 51 can be expelled from the machine 10 through a secondary extractor 78 coupled to the rear end of the elevator housing structure 58. As shown in Figure 1, the secondary extractor 78 can be located adjacent to the distal end 64 of the elevator 60 and can be oriented towards direct waste 53 out of the machine 10. Additionally, a fan 80 can be mounted on the secondary extractor 78 to generate sufficient suction or vacuum force to extract the waste 53 and force that waste 53 through the secondary extractor 78. The separate fragments 51, heavier than the waste 53 expelled through the extractor 78, can then fall from the distal end 64 of the elevator 60. Typically, the fragments 51 can fall through a discharge opening 82 of the elevator assembly 52 in a device external storage (not shown), such as a car, an overflow, a bucket, etc.
[0036] Durante a operação, a máquina 10 percorre todo o campo agrícola 20 para colher cana-de-açúcar ou qualquer outra planta alta e cauleosa. Após a altura do cortador de pontas 22 ser ajustada (se for utilizado) por meio dos braços 28, o disco aglutinador 24 no conjunto de cortador de pontas 22 pode funcionar de maneira a aglutinar as pontas de cana-de-açúcar conforme a máquina 10 procede através do campo 20, enquanto o disco cortador 26 corta as pontas folhosas dos caules de cana-de-açúcar para despejá-las ao longo de ambos os lados da máquina 10. Conforme os caules entram no divisor de linha 30, as sapatas 34 podem configurar a largura da operação para determinar a quantidade de cana-de-açúcar que entra na garganta da máquina 10, seja de modo fixo ou ajustável. Os pirulitos 32 aglutinam então os caules na entrada da máquina para permitir que o rolo tombador 36 curve os caules para baixo em conjunto com a ação do rolo alimentador 38. Uma vez que os caules são posicionados em ângulo conforme mostrado na Figura 1 , o conjunto de corte de base 42 pode, então, cortar a base dos caules do campo 20. Os caules cortados são, então, direcionados ao conjunto de rolos de transporte 44. [0036] During the operation, machine 10 traverses the entire agricultural field 20 to harvest sugar cane or any other tall and stemy plant. After the height of the tip cutter 22 is adjusted (if used) by means of the arms 28, the agglutinating disc 24 in the tip cutter assembly 22 can work in order to agglutinate the sugarcane tips according to the machine 10 proceeds through field 20, while the cutting disc 26 cuts the leafy ends of the sugarcane stems to dump them along both sides of the machine 10. As the stems enter the line divider 30, the shoes 34 they can configure the width of the operation to determine the amount of sugar cane that enters the throat of the machine 10, either fixed or adjustable. The lollipops 32 then agglutinate the stems at the entrance of the machine to allow the tipping roller 36 to curve the stems down together with the action of the feed roller 38. Once the stems are positioned at an angle as shown in Figure 1, the set cutting base 42 can then cut the base of the stems of field 20. The cut stems are then directed to the set of transport rollers 44.
[0037] Os caules cortados de cana-de-açúcar são transportados para trás pelos rolos transportadores 46, 48 que comprimem os caules e a matéria colhida. Na extremidade a jusante do conjunto de rolos de transportes 44, o conjunto picador 50 corta ou pica os caules compactados de cana-de-açúcar em pedaços ou fragmentos 51. Resíduos transportados 53 (por exemplo, poeira, sujeira, folhas, etc.) separados dos fragmentos de cana-de-açúcar 51 são, então, extraídos através do extrator primário 54 usando a sucção criada pelo ventilador 56. Os fragmentos separados/lavados 51 caem, então, para o conjunto elevador 52 e viajam para cima por meio do elevador 60 a partir da sua extremidade proximal 62 até a extremidade distai 64. Durante a operação normal, uma vez que os fragmentos 51 alcançam a extremidade distai 64 do elevador 60, os fragmentos 51 caem através da abertura de descarga 82 até um dispositivo de armazenamento externo. Similar ao extrator primário 54, resíduos são soprados para fora da máquina 10 através do extrator secundário 78 com o auxílio do ventilador de extrator 80. [0037] The cut stalks of sugar cane are transported backwards by the conveyor rollers 46, 48 which compress the stems and the harvested material. At the downstream end of the transport roller set 44, the chopper set 50 cuts or pricks the compacted stalks of sugar cane into pieces or fragments 51. Waste transported 53 (for example, dust, dirt, leaves, etc.) separated from the sugar cane fragments 51 are then extracted through the primary extractor 54 using the suction created by the fan 56. The separated / washed fragments 51 then fall to the elevator assembly 52 and travel upwards through the elevator 60 from its proximal end 62 to distal end 64. During normal operation, once fragments 51 reach the distal end 64 of elevator 60, fragments 51 fall through the discharge opening 82 to a storage device external. Similar to primary extractor 54, waste is blown out of machine 10 through secondary extractor 78 with the aid of extractor fan 80.
[0038] Uma máquina colhedora 10, tal como descrita acima, pode ser, por exemplo, uma máquina conhecida no estado da técnica, tal como a colheitadeira de cana da CNH Industrial N.V. comercializada com a marca Case IH. [0038] A harvester machine 10, as described above, can be, for example, a machine known in the art, such as the cane harvester of CNH Industrial N.V. marketed under the brand Case IH.
[0039] Agora com referência especificamente à Figura 2, e ainda à título de contextualização da matéria, é representado um conjunto de corte de base 42, tal como aqueles conhecidos no estado da técnica, o qual é formado por discos de corte 100 dotados de lâminas 101 fixadas em suas periferias e se projetam para promoverem o corte dos caules das plantas o mais próximo do solo possível, sendo que esses discos são montados em eixos 102 ligados ao motor hidráulico 43 que, por sua vez, estão montados em uma armação 103 que é fixa no chassi 12 da máquina 10. [0040] Com base no contexto acima relatado, e fazendo referência agora às demais figuras esquemáticas anexas, o disco de corte de base 100, de acordo com a presente invenção, compreende um eixo motor principal 102 dentro do qual é previsto um eixo motor secundário 110, sendo que esse eixo motor principal 102 está conectado de um lado na armação 103 do conjunto de corte de base 42 e, do outro lado, sustenta dois discos rotativos, superior 112a e inferior 112b, montados de modo paralelo e distanciados entre si. O eixo motor secundário 110 está conectado de um lado em uma fonte motora 110a e, do outro lado, em uma engrenagem 111 que está acomodada de forma rotativa no espaço formado entre os referidos discos rotativos 112a, 112b, sendo que a borda dessa engrenagem 111 está associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento 113, os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte 101 para movimentá-las lateralmente de maneira alternada e com uma frequência significativamente alta. [0039] Now with reference specifically to Figure 2, and also for the purpose of contextualization of the matter, a set of base cut 42 is represented, such as those known in the state of the art, which is formed by cutting discs 100 equipped with blades 101 fixed on their peripheries and are designed to cut the stems of the plants as close to the ground as possible, and these discs are mounted on shafts 102 connected to hydraulic motor 43 which, in turn, are mounted on a frame 103 which is fixed to the chassis 12 of the machine 10. [0040] Based on the context reported above, and referring now to the other attached schematic figures, the base cutting disc 100, according to the present invention, comprises a main driving shaft 102 within which a secondary driving shaft is provided 110, the main driving shaft 102 being connected on one side to the frame 103 of the base cutting assembly 42 and, on the other side, it holds two rotating discs, upper 112a and lower 112b, mounted in parallel and spaced apart. The secondary drive shaft 110 is connected on one side to a motor source 110a and, on the other side, to a gear 111 that is rotatably accommodated in the space formed between said rotating disks 112a, 112b, the edge of which gear 111 it is associated with a series of drive meats 113, which are connected with respective cutting blades 101 to move them laterally in an alternating manner and with a significantly high frequency.
[0041] Os referidos carnes 113 responsáveis pela movimentação lateral das lâminas de corte 101 podem compreender diferentes configurações, sendo que uma dessas maneiras é a disposição desses carnes como sendo engrenagens complementares que estão associadas à referida engrenagem 111 , sendo que essa engrenagem complementar compreende um pino central 113a e no lado oposto um pino excêntrico 113b que está associado ao trilho longitudinal 101 a previsto na referida lâmina de corte 101. Essa configuração proporciona a movimentação lateral das lâminas de corte 101 sem deixá-la movimentar no sentido de avanço e recuo e, ainda, a disposição do referido pino excêntrico 113b promove o deslocamento relativamente curto e rápido da lâmina de corte 101 . [0041] Said meats 113 responsible for the lateral movement of the cutting blades 101 can comprise different configurations, one of these ways being the arrangement of these meats as being complementary gears that are associated with said gear 111, being that this complementary gear comprises a central pin 113a and on the opposite side an eccentric pin 113b that is associated with the longitudinal rail 101 a provided in said cutting blade 101. This configuration provides lateral movement of the cutting blades 101 without letting it move in the forward and backward direction and furthermore, the arrangement of said eccentric pin 113b promotes relatively short and rapid displacement of the cutting blade 101.
[0042] Adicionalmente, para melhorar as condições de deslocamento alternado das lâminas e, sem riscos de desalinhamento, o disco rotativo inferior 112b pode compreender hastes 114 que estão associadas e se deslocam dentro de trilhos guias 101 b que estão dispostos transversalmente nas lâminas de corte 101 para, dessa forma, assegurar a movimentação lateral alternada e alinhada das lâminas de corte concomitantemente à movimentação rotacional do disco de corte 100 como um todo. [0042] Additionally, to improve the conditions of alternate displacement of the blades and, without risks of misalignment, the lower rotating disk 112b may comprise rods 114 that are associated and move within of guide rails 101 b which are transversely arranged on the cutting blades 101 to thereby ensure the alternate and aligned lateral movement of the cutting blades concomitantly with the rotational movement of the cutting disc 100 as a whole.
[0043] De acordo com algumas realizações possíveis da presente invenção, a referida lâmina 101 compreende ao menos um trilho longitudinal 101 a e ao menos um trilho guia 101 b, sendo que esses trilhos possuem o formato oblongo, a fim de permitir a movimentação do pino 113b e das hastes 114, respectivamente. [0043] According to some possible embodiments of the present invention, said blade 101 comprises at least one longitudinal rail 101 a and at least one guide rail 101 b, these tracks having an oblong shape, in order to allow the pin to move 113b and rods 114, respectively.
[0044] Dessa forma, como deve ser apreciado pelos técnicos no assunto, o referido eixo motor 110 pode ser acionado pela fonte motora 110a a qual pode ser hidráulica, e desse modo, podendo ser alimentado pela bomba de fluido hidráulico (não mostrada) que é configurada para gerar fluido hidráulico pressurizado para acionar os diversos componentes hidráulicos da máquina 10. Opcionalmente, de acordo com uma realização possível da presente invenção, a referida fonte motora 110a pode ser um motor elétrico ou, ainda, o referido eixo motor 110 pode ser acionado por um conjunto de engrenagens e embreagem conectados ao motor 43. [0044] In this way, as it should be appreciated by the technicians in the subject, the referred motor shaft 110 can be driven by the motor source 110a which can be hydraulic, and thus, being able to be fed by the hydraulic fluid pump (not shown) that it is configured to generate pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive the various hydraulic components of the machine 10. Optionally, according to a possible embodiment of the present invention, said motor source 110a can be an electric motor or, even said motor shaft 110 can be driven by a set of gears and clutch connected to the engine 43.
[0045] Usualmente, essas lâminas 101 apresentam uma configuração simétrica, no intuito de permitir a inversão dos lados nos casos em que houve o desgaste das lâminas. Assim, conforme uma realização possível da presente invenção e de modo manter essas caraterísticas, a lâmina 101 é dotada de trilho longitudinal 101 a em ambas as extremidades. Além disso, os referidos trilhos guias 101 b são projetados na região central das lâminas 101 para manter a simetria e garantir aplicação e uso nos dois lados. Obviamente, em outras concretizações alternativas da presente invenção, dependendo das condições de trabalho e das configurações das máquinas de colher, essas lâminas podem ser assimétricas e, neste caso, não permitindo a sua inversão. [0046] O movimento lateral alternado executado pela lâmina 101 é caracterizado por ser um movimento com alta frequência, por exemplo 21 .000 oscilações por minuto, dentro de uma variação de espaço relativamente pequeno, por exemplo menos de 1 milímetro e, com isso, é possível obter o corte pela combinação de movimentos oscilatório/alternado das lâminas com o rotativo dos discos de corte 100, fazendo com que a qualidade do corte seja aperfeiçoada e garantida mesmo nos casos que a velocidade e/ou afiação das lâminas não estejam em condições ótimas. Conforme uma concretização da presente invenção, o fator gerador da referida oscilação das lâminas de corte 101 é a diferença de velocidade entre a rotação do referido eixo 110 e os eixos 102 com os discos 112a e 112b, sendo que, neste caso, em uma condição na qual as rotações sejam iguais, as lâminas giram com o disco sem gerar oscilação, uma vez que não haveria movimento relativo entre as engrenagens 111 e 113. Por outro lado, ao reduzir a velocidade do eixo 110 em comparação aos eixos 102 há um aumento da oscilação chegando a ser possível até reverter o sentido do eixo 110, por exemplo, gerando uma grande diferença de rotação que consequentemente vai provocar uma grande oscilação. [0045] Usually, these blades 101 have a symmetrical configuration, in order to allow the inversion of the sides in cases where the blades have worn out. Thus, according to a possible embodiment of the present invention and in order to maintain these characteristics, the blade 101 is provided with a longitudinal rail 101 a at both ends. In addition, said guide rails 101 b are designed in the central region of the blades 101 to maintain symmetry and ensure application and use on both sides. Obviously, in other alternative embodiments of the present invention, depending on the working conditions and configurations of the harvesting machines, these blades can be asymmetrical and, in this case, not allowing their inversion. [0046] The alternating lateral movement performed by blade 101 is characterized by being a movement with a high frequency, for example 21,000 oscillations per minute, within a relatively small space variation, for example less than 1 millimeter and, with that, it is possible to obtain the cut by combining oscillatory / alternating movements of the blades with the rotary of the cutting discs 100, making the quality of the cut to be improved and guaranteed even in the cases where the speed and / or sharpening of the blades are not in conditions great. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the generating factor for said oscillation of the cutting blades 101 is the speed difference between the rotation of said axis 110 and the axes 102 with the disks 112a and 112b, in which case, in a condition in which the rotations are equal, the blades rotate with the disc without generating oscillation, since there would be no relative movement between gears 111 and 113. On the other hand, when reducing the speed of shaft 110 compared to shafts 102 there is an increase oscillation, making it possible to even reverse the direction of axis 110, for example, generating a large difference in rotation which will consequently cause a large oscillation.
[0047] Adicionalmente, conforme acima indicado, a presente invenção também trata de um conjunto de corte de base 42 para uma máquina agrícola, tal como aquelas destinada à colheita de plantas altas e cauleosas, sendo que o referido conjunto de corte de base 42 compreende ao menos um disco de corte de base 100, tal como definido acima, que é formado, basicamente, por um eixo motor principal 102 dentro do qual é previsto um eixo motor secundário 110 que sustenta uma engrenagem 111 que está associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento 113, os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte 101 para movimentá-las lateralmente de maneira alternada e com uma frequência significativamente alta. [0048] Adicionalmente, e conforme acima comentado, a presente invenção refere-se também a uma máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas que compreende um chassi 12 sendo que na porção frontal é instalado um conjunto de corte de base 42 de acordo com a invenção acima definida, onde as lâminas 101 são montadas de modo a executar um movimento lateral alternado em alta frequência em um espaço relativamente pequeno. [0049] De acordo com concretizações possíveis da presente invenção, a referida máquina colhedora de plantas altas e cauleosas é projetada e desenvolvida para executar a colheita de cana-de-açúcar e/ou sorgo-doce. [0050] Por fim, diante de todo o acima exposto, vale ressaltar que a presente descrição tem como objetivo apenas apresentar e definir de modo exemplificativo realizações do conjunto de corte de base e da máquina colhedora, de acordo com os objetos da presente invenção. Logo, como bem devem apreciar os técnicos no assunto, diversas modificações e combinações de elementos e detalhes equivalentes são possíveis sem, com isso, fugir do escopo de proteção definido pelas reivindicações anexas. [0047] Additionally, as indicated above, the present invention also deals with a base cutting set 42 for an agricultural machine, such as those intended for the harvest of tall and stem plants, said base cutting set 42 comprising at least one base cutting disc 100, as defined above, which is basically formed by a main driving shaft 102 within which a secondary driving shaft 110 is provided which supports a gear 111 which is associated with a series of cams drive units 113, which are connected with respective cutting blades 101 to move them laterally in an alternating manner and with a significantly high frequency. [0048] In addition, and as commented above, the present invention also relates to a tall and stem-harvester harvesting machine comprising a chassis 12 with a base cutter assembly 42 according to the invention being installed in the front portion defined above, where the blades 101 are mounted so as to perform a high frequency alternating lateral movement in a relatively small space. [0049] In accordance with possible embodiments of the present invention, said tall and stemy plant harvesting machine is designed and developed to perform the harvest of sugarcane and / or sweet sorghum. [0050] Finally, in view of all of the above, it is worth mentioning that the present description aims only to present and define, in an exemplary way, the realizations of the basic cutting set and the harvesting machine, in accordance with the objects of the present invention. Therefore, as the technicians in the subject must appreciate, several modifications and combinations of elements and equivalent details are possible without, therefore, escaping the scope of protection defined by the attached claims.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES
1. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, caracterizado por compreender: um eixo motor (102) que é conectado de um lado na armação (103) do conjunto de corte de base (42) e, do outro lado, sustenta dois discos rotativos, um superior (112a) e outro inferior (112b), os quais são montados de modo paralelo e distanciados entre si; um eixo motor secundário (110) que é conectado de um lado em uma fonte motora (110a) e, do outro lado, em uma engrenagem (111 ) acomodada de forma rotativa no espaço formado entre os ditos discos rotativos (112a, 112b); sendo que a borda da dita engrenagem (111 ) está associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento (113), os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte (101 ) de modo a movimentá-las lateralmente e alternadamente em uma alta frequência. 1. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, characterized by: a driving shaft (102) that is connected on one side to the frame (103) of the base cutting set (42) and, on the other side, holds two rotating discs, an upper (112a) and a lower (112b), which are mounted in parallel and spaced apart; a secondary drive shaft (110) which is connected on one side to a motor source (110a) and, on the other side, to a gear (111) rotatably accommodated in the space formed between said rotating discs (112a, 112b); the edge of said gear (111) being associated with a series of drive cams (113), which are connected with respective cutting blades (101) in order to move them laterally and alternately at a high frequency.
2. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que os ditos carnes (113) são engrenagens complementares que estão associadas à dita engrenagem (111 ), sendo que essas engrenagens complementares compreendem um pino central (113a) e no lado oposto um pino excêntrico (113b) que está associado ao trilho longitudinal (101a) previsto na dita lâmina de corte (101 ). 2. BASIC CUTTING DISC FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said meats (113) are complementary gears that are associated with said gear (111), being that these complementary gears comprise a central pin (113a) and on the opposite side an eccentric pin (113b) which is associated with the longitudinal rail (101a) provided for in said cutting blade (101).
3. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA3. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito disco rotativo inferior (112b) compreende hastes (114) que são associadas e se deslocam dentro de trilhos guias (101 b) dispostos transversalmente nas ditas lâminas de corte (101 ). AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said lower rotating disk (112b) comprises rods (114) that are associated and move within guide rails (101 b) arranged transversely on said cutting blades (101 ).
4. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA4. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que a dita lâmina de corte (101) compreende ao menos um trilho longitudinal (101a) e ao menos um trilho guia (101b), sendo que esses trilhos possuem o formato oblongo. AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the said cutting blade (101) comprises at least one longitudinal rail (101a) and at least one guide rail (101b), these tracks having an oblong shape.
5. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que a dita fonte motora (110a) é um motor hidráulico. 5. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the said motor source (110a) is a hydraulic motor.
6. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que a dita fonte motora (110a) pode ser um motor elétrico ou, ainda, o referido eixo motor (110) pode ser acionado por um conjunto de engrenagens e embreagem conectados ao motor (43). 6. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said motor source (110a) can be an electric motor or, still, said motor axis (110) can be activated by a set of gears and clutch connected to the engine (43).
7. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que as ditas lâminas (101) compreendem uma configuração simétrica. 7. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said blades (101) comprise a symmetrical configuration.
8. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA8. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que a dita lâmina (101) é dotada de trilho longitudinal (101a) em ambas as extremidades e, ainda, o dito ao menos um trilho guia (101b) é projetado na região central das lâminas (101). AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that said blade (101) is provided with a longitudinal rail (101a) at both ends and also said at least one guide rail (101b) is projected in the region center of the blades (101).
9. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA9. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que as ditas lâminas (101) compreendem uma configuração assimétrica. AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said blades (101) comprise an asymmetric configuration.
10. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA10. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que a frequência do movimento lateral e alternado das ditas lâminas é de 21.000 oscilações por minuto, dentro de uma variação de espaço de até 1 milímetro. AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the frequency of lateral and alternating movement of said blades is 21,000 oscillations per minute, within a space variation of up to 1 millimeter.
11. DISCO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA11. BASE CUTTING DISC FOR A MACHINE
AGRÍCOLA, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido eixo (110) e os ditos eixos (102) com os discos (112a, 1 12b) compreendem velocidades de rotação diferentes. AGRICULTURAL, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the said axis (110) and said axes (102) with the disks (112a, 11b) comprise different rotation speeds.
12. CONJUNTO DE CORTE DE BASE PARA UMA MÁQUINA AGRÍCOLA, que é formado por ao menos um disco de corte (100) dotado de lâminas (101 ) fixadas em sua periferia, e é montado em um eixo motor principal12. BASE CUTTING ASSEMBLY FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MACHINE, which is formed by at least one cutting disc (100) equipped with blades (101) fixed on its periphery, and is mounted on a main driving shaft
(102) acionado por motor hidráulico (43) que está montado em uma armação(102) driven by hydraulic motor (43) which is mounted on a frame
(103) instalada no chassi (12) da máquina (10), sendo este conjunto caracterizado pelo fato que o dito disco de corte (100) é conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicação anteriores, e é formado por um eixo motor principal (102) dentro do qual é previsto um eixo motor secundário (110) que sustenta uma engrenagem (111 ) associada à uma série de carnes de acionamento (113), os quais estão conectados com respectivas lâminas de corte (101 ) em uma configuração que promove a movimentação lateral e alternada em uma alta frequência. (103) installed on the chassis (12) of the machine (10), this set being characterized by the fact that said cutting disc (100) is as defined in any of the previous claims, and is formed by a main driving shaft (102 ) within which a secondary drive shaft (110) is provided that supports a gear (111) associated with a series of drive meats (113), which are connected with respective cutting blades (101) in a configuration that promotes the lateral and alternating movement at a high frequency.
13. MÁQUINA COLHEDORA DE PLANTAS ALTAS E CAULEOSAS, que compreende um chassi (12) sendo que na porção frontal é instalado um conjunto de corte de base (42), caracterizada pelo fato de que o dito conjunto de corte de base é formado por ao menos um disco de corte (100) conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 11 . 13. HARVESTING AND HARVESTING PLANT HARVESTING MACHINE, which comprises a chassis (12) and a base cutting set (42) is installed in the front portion, characterized by the fact that said base cutting set is formed by at least at least one cutting disc (100) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
14. MÁQUINA COLHEDORA, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracterizada pelo fato de que é configurada para executar a colheita de cana- de-açúcar e/ou sorgo-doce. 14. HARVESTING MACHINE, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that it is configured to perform the harvest of sugarcane and / or sweet sorghum.
PCT/BR2020/050401 2019-10-09 2020-10-08 Base cutter disc and assembly for an agricultural machine and machine for harvesting tall, stemmed plants WO2021068048A1 (en)

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BR102019021245-4A BR102019021245A2 (en) 2019-10-09 2019-10-09 disc and base cutter set for an agricultural machine and harvester for tall and stem plants

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202095286U (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-01-04 朱季华 Double rotary cutter discs of sugarcane harvester
US20120137648A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2012-06-07 Blount, Inc. Knife and counter knife in machine disk
US20160073580A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-17 Deere & Company Dual function basecutters
CN108934437A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-07 中国农业大学 A kind of blade sliding cutting auxiliary device and sugarcane root cutter
US20190124841A1 (en) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-02 Deere & Company Variable basecutter assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120137648A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2012-06-07 Blount, Inc. Knife and counter knife in machine disk
CN202095286U (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-01-04 朱季华 Double rotary cutter discs of sugarcane harvester
US20160073580A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-17 Deere & Company Dual function basecutters
US20190124841A1 (en) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-02 Deere & Company Variable basecutter assembly
CN108934437A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-07 中国农业大学 A kind of blade sliding cutting auxiliary device and sugarcane root cutter

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