WO2021064720A1 - Polyhalite enriched fish feed - Google Patents
Polyhalite enriched fish feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021064720A1 WO2021064720A1 PCT/IL2020/050923 IL2020050923W WO2021064720A1 WO 2021064720 A1 WO2021064720 A1 WO 2021064720A1 IL 2020050923 W IL2020050923 W IL 2020050923W WO 2021064720 A1 WO2021064720 A1 WO 2021064720A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- polyhalite
- feed
- growth
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 110
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000269779 Lates calcarifer Species 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000001 growth retardation Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 235000019553 satiation Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000276703 Oreochromis niloticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020940 control diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021373 diet component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fish feed composition that comprises Polyhalite and a process for the preparation thereof.
- Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector in agriculture with an annual growth rate of close to 10%. This is due to the fact that world fisheries have reached a plateau while the demand for fish is growing.
- predatory species constitute a rapidly growing sector of aquaculture. This trend is based on the fact that these fish have stronger and firmer muscles (the main consumed part of the fish).
- An example of a predatory fish is the Salmon with an annual production of 1.5 million tonnes, the Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) also known as barramundi is emerging as one of the predatory fish with a fastest growing market and many more.
- the costs of marine feeds comprise a major portion of the expenses incurred in the farming of these animals. For example, in a typical aquaculture farm, fish feed represents about 50-60% of the total direct production expenses.
- Fish utilize protein for energy purposes and therefore compared to terrestrial animal feeds, fish feeds are rich in proteins, often amounting to 40-50% of the feed.
- the source of protein is fishmeal that is becoming a rare and expensive commodity.
- the nitrogenous products (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) and phosphorous stemming from either leftover food, or partially digested protein and food are harmful to the fish themselves, can lead to growth retardation and at high levels cause mortality.
- a reduction in the amount of food wastage produced by the fish and especially those harmful to the environment will enable substantial saving on production of fish at high densities; concomitantly the effluents of the fish farms will not have an adverse impact on the environment.
- Figure 1 depicts pictures of a Fish Rearing Facility, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
- a fish feed composition comprising Polyhalite in a concentration between 0.5%-5% w/w.
- the fish may be a predatory fish.
- the Polyhalite may be in a concentration between l%-3% w/w.
- the composition may be fed to the fish and include Polyhalite in a concentration of 2% w/w.
- the composition may be fed to the fish on a daily basis.
- Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated Sulfate of Potassium, Calcium and
- the addition of Polyhalite to the fish diets may provide a positive effect on feed utilization ⁇
- the building blocks of protein are amino acids. Almost half the amino acids are essential (meaning that they cannot be synthesized by the fish). From all amino acids, the 2 main essential amino acids for fish growth are lysine and methionine. The latter has a sulphur terminal. According to some embodiments, some of the protein is catabolized by the fish for energy purposes as well as for meeting the body demand for sulphur. The protein containing fish feed may have lower levels of the essential amino acid methionine required by the fish for growth. This process causes wastage that can be eliminated by supplying an alternative source of sulphur. A reduction in the amount of food wastage produced by the fish and especially those harmful to the environment will enable substantial saving on production of fish at high densities.
- Polyhalite may be added to the fish feed to be used as a food diluent, allowing for the use of reduced amounts of fish feed without harming or diminishing the growth of the fish.
- the term "fish” as used herein may refer to any member of the marine (oceanic) or freshwater fish and the like.
- the fish of the present invention may preferably be a predatory fish including, for example, Salmon, the Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and the like.
- a fish feed comprising polyhalite in a concentration of between 0.5-5% w/w of the weight of the fish feed, preferably, between 1-3% w/w, most preferably 2% w/w.
- the composition may be fed to said animal on a daily basis.
- a method for producing an fish feed comprising polyhalite comprising polyhalite, wherein said method comprises mixing polyhalite, e.g., in a pellet, granule, powder or dust form, with a fish feed.
- a method for producing a fish feed comprising polyhalite comprising polyhalite, wherein said method comprises mixing polyhalite, e.g., in a pellet, granule, powder or dust form, preferably in powder form, with the feed.
- modern fish feeds are made by grinding and mixing together ingredients such as fishmeal, vegetable proteins and binding agents such as wheat. Water may be added and the resulting paste is extruded through holes in a metal plate. The diameter of the holes sets the diameter of the pellets, which can range from less than a millimeter to over a centimeter. As the feed is extruded it is cut to form pellets of the required length. The pellets are dried and oils are added. Adjusting parameters such as temperature and pressure enables the manufacturers to make pellets that suit different fish farming methods, for example feeds that float or sink slowly and feeds suited to recirculation systems. The dry feed pellets are stable for relatively long periods, for convenient storage and distribution.
- the Polyhalite may be added to the fish feed (bone ash, proteins, etc.) and may be extruded, to get a pellet shaped particle feed.
- the Polyhalite may be dissolved in an aqueous environment in a continuous release manner, and this may have an impact of the uptake of the nutrients by the fish.
- a Standard grade of polyhalite may be used for incorporation into an the fish feed, however, in accordance with some other embodiments, other Polyhalite products and/or appearances may be used, including, for example, the Granular (up to 5 mm particles) and the Mini-Granular (up to 2 mm particles), and their mixtures in various percentages.
- polyhalite may be added at the grinding and/or mixing stage.
- the polyhalite may be added to fish food, especially to feed juvenile fish since in these fish the results would be more pronounced.
- the polyhalite may be added on top of the regular diet components leading to a proportional reduction in all the other ingredients of the diet.
- this may enable replacing expensive fish diet ingredients with polyhlite, which is considered a much cheaper ingredient, e.g., especially since the addition of polyhalite to the diet resulted in a positive effect (better growth and FCR) when added at a 0.75%-3% concentration, preferably at a 1-2% concentration.
- a fish feed comprising at least 30% protein w/w; 2% fat w/w; 3% fiber w/w; 0.5% phosphorous w/w; 0.5% calcium w/w; and 1% Polyhalite w/w
- the fish feed composition may include 35% protein w/w; 4% fat w/w; 5% fiber w/w; 1.2% phosphorous w/w; 1.2% calcium w/w; and 2% Polyhalite w/w
- the fish were reared in this system for a period of one month at a temperature of 26 ⁇ 1°C. During this period, they were fed twice daily (7 days a week). In order to monitor the effect of Polyhalite on feed consumption and growth the fish were hand fed twice a day ad libitum from a pre weighed container for each aquarium and at the end of each day, the amount of feed consumed was registered.
- the results of this experiment showed that the addition of Polyhalite had no negative effect on food consumption and the fish receiving the Polyhalite at a level of 2% exhibited better growth (Table 1) and better FCR (Table 2).
- the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) is the amount of feed (in kg) consumed by an animal leading to a gain of one kg live weight.
- control commercial feed was manufactured by the European company
- the diet contained 50.7% protein; 15% fat; 9.7% ash; 1.61% calcium; 1.5% fiber; 1.22% phosphorous; 0.49 sodium.
- the pellet diameter was 1.9 mm - suitable for fish of this size. This feed was then enhanced by the addition of Polyhalite at a concentration of 2%. Thus, the addition of the Poly halite proportionally reduced the other components in the diet.
- the fish were fed to satiation (until the fish stopped to consume) and the level of food consumed in each meal was recorded.
- the test feed used as control was a commercial extruded feed that is currently being used by farmers of this fish, as mentioned hereinabove. To this control feed, polyhalite was added to prepare the test feed. Each of the dietary treatments was tested in 6 replicates. Due to excessive mortality in 4 tanks the number of replicates for each treatment was 4.
- the experiment was conducted with juvenile fish since in these fish, if the material were to exhibit positive results, the differences in growth results would be more pronounced.
- the fish quadrupled their weight in the course of the experiment showing that the weight gain is based on the experimental diets.
- the exceptional good feed conversion ratio obtained is due to the fact that the fish were hand fed till satiation (no wasted food that was not consumed) and the composition of the food which was the best commercial food for these fish containing a very high level of protein (over 50%). During the experimental period the fish were not exposed to any stress though the survival rate in some tanks was reduced due to the cannibalism that exists in these fish, especially in the early developmental stages.
- the Aquaculture holding facility is situated within an insulated building and has a set of experimental round plastic tanks of 250 liters each, every 6 tanks are connected to a central biofilter with a capacity of 350 liters.
- fish can be held and monitored while they are acclimatized to the laboratory conditions in many glass aquariums. Growing conditions are carefully monitored and the fish are provided with optimal rearing conditions that include proper aeration, heating and water quality regulation. Depending on the size of the fish and their species, it is possible to hold a few thousand fish at one time in the facility.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20872707.3A EP4037494A4 (en) | 2019-10-02 | 2020-08-24 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed |
MX2022003949A MX2022003949A (en) | 2019-10-02 | 2020-08-24 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed. |
IL291518A IL291518A (en) | 2019-10-02 | 2022-03-20 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed |
US17/712,030 US20220386650A1 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2022-04-01 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201962909283P | 2019-10-02 | 2019-10-02 | |
US62/909,283 | 2019-10-02 |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/051,082 Continuation-In-Part US11589599B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2019-05-05 | Polyhalite enriched animal feed |
PCT/IL2019/050504 Continuation-In-Part WO2019215724A1 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2019-05-05 | Polyhalite enriched animal feed |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/712,030 Continuation-In-Part US20220386650A1 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2022-04-01 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021064720A1 true WO2021064720A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
Family
ID=75336892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL2020/050923 WO2021064720A1 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2020-08-24 | Polyhalite enriched fish feed |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4037494A4 (en) |
IL (1) | IL291518A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2022003949A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021064720A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019215724A1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-11-14 | Dead Sea Works Ltd. | Polyhalite enriched animal feed |
-
2020
- 2020-08-24 EP EP20872707.3A patent/EP4037494A4/en active Pending
- 2020-08-24 MX MX2022003949A patent/MX2022003949A/en unknown
- 2020-08-24 WO PCT/IL2020/050923 patent/WO2021064720A1/en unknown
-
2022
- 2022-03-20 IL IL291518A patent/IL291518A/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019215724A1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-11-14 | Dead Sea Works Ltd. | Polyhalite enriched animal feed |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
ALBERT TACON: "The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp - a training manual", A TRAINING MANUAL 1. THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS, 1 October 2019 (2019-10-01), pages 1 - 12, XP055811528, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20191001194516/http:/www.fao.org/3/ab470e/AB470E06.htm> * |
BANRIE: "Principles of fish nutrient", THE FISH SITE, 4 March 2013 (2013-03-04), pages - 19, XP055811487, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://thefishsite.com/articles/principles-of-fish-nutrition#:~:text=Proteins%2C%20carbohydrates%20and%20lipids%20are,use%20the%20energy%2Dyielding%20nutrients> * |
FERNANDO KUBITZA: "Advances in tilapia nutrition", GLOBAL AQUACULTURE ADVOCATE, 12 August 2019 (2019-08-12), pages 1 - 8, XP055811469, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/advances-in-tilapia-nutrition-part-1> * |
FERNANDO KUBITZA: "Advances in tilapia nutrition, part 2", GLOBAL AQUACULTURE ADVOCATE, 19 August 2019 (2019-08-19), pages 1 - 11, XP055811476, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/advances-in-tilapia-nutrition-part-2> * |
JANE BYRNE: "Sirius strikes feed market deal for four-in-one potash mineral supplement", FEED NAVIGATOR, 26 January 2015 (2015-01-26), pages 1 - 2, XP055811465, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.feednavigator.com/Article/2015/01/26/Sirius-strikes-feed-market-deal-for-four-in-one-potash-mineral-supplement> * |
KEEMBIYEHETTY C.N., GATLIN D.M.: "Evaluation of different sulfur compounds in the diet of juvenile sunshine bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis", COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY PART A: PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 112, no. 1, 1 September 1995 (1995-09-01), pages 155 - 159, XP055811494 * |
NWANNA L.C. ET AL.: "Effect of different levels of phosphorus on growth and mineralization in African giant catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey Saint Hillarie, 1809)", J. APP. SCI. ENVIRON. MANAGE., vol. 12, no. 4, 31 December 2008 (2008-12-31), pages 25 - 32, XP055811481 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4037494A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
MX2022003949A (en) | 2022-04-25 |
EP4037494A4 (en) | 2023-05-24 |
IL291518A (en) | 2022-05-01 |
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