WO2021057217A1 - 一种通信方法、装置、设备、系统及介质 - Google Patents

一种通信方法、装置、设备、系统及介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057217A1
WO2021057217A1 PCT/CN2020/103438 CN2020103438W WO2021057217A1 WO 2021057217 A1 WO2021057217 A1 WO 2021057217A1 CN 2020103438 W CN2020103438 W CN 2020103438W WO 2021057217 A1 WO2021057217 A1 WO 2021057217A1
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base station
network
address
management
local area
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PCT/CN2020/103438
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛万
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP20870230.8A priority Critical patent/EP4027688A4/en
Publication of WO2021057217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057217A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0806—Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0876—Aspects of the degree of configuration automation
    • H04L41/0886—Fully automatic configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/08—Upper layer protocols

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication, and in particular to a communication method, device, device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product.
  • IPRAN Internet Protocol Radio Access Network
  • MP management plane
  • CP control plane
  • UP User Plane
  • IKE Internet Key Exchange
  • the base station transmission When the transmission of the transmission bearer network is adjusted, the base station transmission must also be re-planned and adjusted. Except for MP-related parameters that can be automatically configured through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), other parameters still need to be manually configured.
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • this application provides a communication method, device, equipment, system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product, which can realize automatic configuration of base station transmission in an adaptive manner after the configuration of the transmission network is completed, so as to avoid base station transmission.
  • Planning and network management are configured station by station, which improves configuration efficiency and reduces configuration costs.
  • a base station receives a router advertisement (RA) message, and generates a virtual local area network ID (Virtual Local Area Network ID, VLAN ID) according to the router advertisement message. ), interface network address (Interface IP) and routing, and then obtain the relevant information of the upper-layer service, and determine the VLAN and IP of the upper-layer service according to the relevant information.
  • RA router advertisement
  • Interface IP interface network address
  • upper-layer services specifically refer to services on the network layer (ie L3 layer) layered according to Transmission Control/Internet Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP), including MP services, CP services, and UP services.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the upper-layer services can also include IKE services.
  • the transmission side of the base station performs self-learning to generate transmission related parameters according to the received RA message and the obtained associated information, so that the base station transmission is free from planning, and the configuration personnel does not need to configure transmission station by station, which improves the configuration efficiency and reduces The configuration labor cost and time cost are reduced.
  • the method also realizes the transmission decoupling of the transmission network and the base station and the decoupling of the construction and the transmission network, that is, the base station can be adaptive when the transmission network is reconstructed, and the construction personnel do not need to pay attention to the transmission network port connected to the base station when configuring the base station.
  • the base station can establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management.
  • the network management can deliver the upper-layer service association information to the base station through the management channel connection, thereby instructing the base station according to The associated information performs upper-level business configuration.
  • the above-mentioned association information may specifically be a VLAN usage rule for the base station, where the VLAN usage can be understood as the service applicable to the VLAN, and the VLAN usage rule indicates how to divide the VLAN usage. For example, it can be based on the size of the VLAN ID or the end of the VLAN ID. One bit divides VLAN usage.
  • the base station can identify the usage of the VLAN identified by each VLAN ID according to the above-mentioned VLAN usage rules and the pre-generated VLAN ID, such as which upper-layer service or upper-layer services are applicable, so that the base station can first determine the VLAN of the upper-layer service Then, the base station can determine the Interface IP corresponding to the VLAN ID of the VLAN ID of the upper-layer service as the IP of the upper-layer service according to the correspondence between the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP.
  • association information may also include the corresponding relationship between upper-layer services and VLAN Interface of the virtual local area network.
  • MP service corresponds to VLAN Interface1
  • CP service corresponds to VLAN Interface2
  • UP service corresponds to VLAN Interface3.
  • the base station can first according to the VLAN Interface of the base station.
  • the usage rules and the pre-generated VLAN IDs determine the upper-layer service VLANs.
  • the VLAN usage rules indicate that the VLAN IDs of MP services, CP services, and UP services are determined in the order of VLAN ID, and the VLAN ID generated according to the RA message Including 100, 200, 300, the base station can determine based on the above information that the VLAN of the MP service is the VLAN identified by 100, the VLAN of the CP service is the VLAN identified by 200, and the VLAN of the UP service is the VLAN identified by 300, and then based on The upper-layer service VLAN and the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the VLAN Interface can determine the VLAN Interface corresponding to the upper-layer service VLAN, and determine the Interface IP pre-generated on the VLAN Interface as the upper-layer service IP.
  • the base station can determine the IP automatically generated on VLAN Interface1 as the IP of the MP service, and the IP of other upper-layer services such as CP service and UP service can be deduced by analogy. Go into details again.
  • the site can be set up in a plug and play (Plug and Play, PnP) manner.
  • the base station and the network manager do not perceive MP IP, Therefore, the base station and the network management can send DHCP multicast messages, and the router will carry out the dynamic host configuration protocol (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP) relay to convert the multicast messages into unicast messages, thereby interacting with the MP IP of the opposite end.
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • the base station can establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager according to the MP IP of the opposite end.
  • the base station when the base station and the network management exchange MP IP through the DHCP relay mode, the base station can notify the network management of the base station MP IP, or the network management can notify the network management MP IP to the base station.
  • the base station may carry the Interface IP generated according to the RA message as a temporary MP IP in the DHCP request multicast message, and then send the corresponding DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN Interface, so that the router will
  • the DHCP request multicast message is converted into a request unicast message through the DHCP Relay, and the request unicast message is sent to the network manager, so that the base station notifies the network manager of the MP IP of the base station.
  • the base station may carry the base station identifier of the base station and the MP IP of the base station in the option field (ie, Option) of the DHCP request multicast message.
  • the base station may also send a DHCP request multicast message, and wait for the response message sent by the network manager to learn the MP IP of the network manager from the response message.
  • the base station may send a DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN Interface, so that the router converts the DHCP request multicast message into a request unicast message through DHCP Relay, and sends the request form to the network manager Broadcast message, wherein the option field of the DHCP request multicast message carries the base station identifier, and when the network manager receives the unicast message converted from the DHCP request multicast message through the DHCP Relay, it generates a DHCP response unicast message.
  • the option field of the broadcast message carries the MP IP of the network management, and then the network management sends the response unicast message, which is converted into a response multicast message through the router through the DHCP Relay and sent to the base station. This realizes that the network management notifies the network management MP IP to the base station.
  • the network management can also be configured as a domain name resolution server (Domain Name System Server, DNS Server), so that the MP IP of the network management is configured as the DNS Server address, that is, the RA report
  • DNS Server Domain Name System Server
  • the base station can obtain the MP IP of the network management by accessing the DNS Server, and then establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management according to the MP IP of the network management.
  • the base station may also establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management based on the preset MP IP of the network management.
  • the preset network address of the management plane may specifically be the network address of the management plane of the network management preset when the base station leaves the factory;
  • the near-end connection method may specifically include inserting a Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash disk, memory card, or Bluetooth, WiFi, or the like.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the base station acts as the server and the network management system acts as the client.
  • the base station can start the DHCP Relay.
  • the service address of the DHCP Relay is the MP IP of the network management system, and then the DHCP-based multicast message is sent, and the multicast message is converted into a unicast message through the DHCP Relay, so that the network management system can follow the unicast message
  • the MP IP of the base station carried in the option field initiates a management channel connection establishment request, and the base station establishes a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager in response to the management channel connection establishment request.
  • the base station serves as a server, and the network manager serves as a client.
  • the base station can also directly send a DHCP-based request unicast message to the network manager without relaying through a DHCP Relay.
  • the option field of the unicast request message carries the identifier of the base station and the MP IP of the base station.
  • the client can learn the MP IP of the server, and the network management as the client can initiate a management channel connection establishment request based on the MP IP of the server.
  • the base station as the server responds to the management channel connection establishment request to establish a connection between the base station and the network management. Management channel connection.
  • the switch or router connected to the base station can publish a message to notify the base station of the VLAN usage.
  • the user can configure the link layer discovery protocol on the switch or router connected to the base station ( Link Layer Discovery Protocol, LLDP) message
  • the LLDP message includes the VLAN ID field and the service field.
  • the service field can be generated by filling in the VLAN Name field of the virtual local area network name or the custom field.
  • the base station can also Receive the above LLDP message, and determine the upper-layer service related information according to the VLAN ID field and service field in the LLDP message.
  • the related information can be the upper-layer service applicable to the VLAN identified by the VLAN ID field. In this way, the base station can use the VLAN ID field.
  • the upper-layer service to which the identified VLAN applies, and the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP determine the VLAN and IP of the upper-layer service.
  • the upper-layer services also include Internet key exchange (IKE) services.
  • the association information includes the network management
  • the management channel is connected to the virtual local area network usage rules and the address assignment message issued for the base station, where the address assignment message includes the management plane network address, the control plane network address, and the user plane network address of the base station, and the address is specifically the network manager
  • the base station is allocated based on the respective address pools corresponding to the MP service, CP service and UP service.
  • the base station can first determine the VLAN and IP of the IKE service according to the rules for the base station's virtual local area network usage and the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP, and then Determine MP IP, CP IP and UP IP according to the address assignment message.
  • the above-mentioned MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP are encapsulated in the inner layer.
  • MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP of different base stations can be on the same network segment. Therefore, only one address pool is configured for multiple base stations mounted under the network management system. , No need to configure station by station, which improves the configuration efficiency and reduces the configuration cost.
  • the base station may also determine through self-detection. Whether its physical port is in a false UP state. Specifically, the base station may send a probe request message such as a neighbor solicitation (Neighbour Solicitation, NS) message or a router solicitation (Router Solicitation, RS) message, and wait for a response probe advertisement message such as a neighbor advertisement (Neighbour Advertisement, NA). Message or RA message to determine whether the physical port is falsely UP.
  • NS neighbor solicitation
  • RS router solicitation
  • NA Neighbour Advertisement
  • the detection notification message If the detection notification message is received, it indicates that the physical port of the base station is not falsely UP, and the base station can stop detection. If the detection notification message is not received, it indicates that the port is currently in a false UP state, and the base station can update the negotiation of the physical port Mode and negotiate the rate, and then continue to probe until a probe notification message is received.
  • the base station may automatically generate a VLAN ID according to the VLAN ID of the RA message received by the physical port, and then the base station according to the network address of the RA message Prefix IP/Prefix automatically generates a global unicast address as Interface IP.
  • the base station can use the stateless address configuration mechanism or other address configuration mechanisms to automatically generate Interface IP.
  • the base station can generate routes through any of the following two solutions.
  • One solution is to configure a different virtual routing forwarding domain for each VLAN interface ( Virtual Routing Forwarding (VRF) is isolated, and a default route is generated separately for each VRF.
  • VRF Virtual Routing Forwarding
  • the base station can determine according to the VLAN identifier of the RA message or the physical port identifier corresponding to the physical port receiving the RA message For the corresponding VRF, a default route is generated for each of the VRFs.
  • the default route is also called a default route. Specifically, it can be done when there is no entry in the routing table that matches the destination address of the packet.
  • the destination address of the default route can be set to: 0/0 to be able to successfully match any destination address, and the next hop address of the default route can be set as the source address of the RA message;
  • Another solution is to use the source address instead of the destination address for routing selection.
  • the base station uses the Interface IP automatically generated for the virtual local area network interface as the source address, and the source address of the RA message is the source address. Hop address, generate source address route.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication method.
  • This method can be specifically executed by the network manager.
  • the network manager establishes a management channel connection with the base station, and then delivers the upper-layer service association information to the base station through the management channel connection.
  • the upper-layer services include management plane services, control-plane services, and user-plane services.
  • the associated information is used by the base station to determine the virtual local area network and network addresses of the upper-layer services.
  • the network manager provides associated information to the base station to enable the base station to self-learn to generate transmission-related parameters to realize the transmission-free planning of the base station, and the configuration personnel do not need to configure the transmission station by station, which improves the configuration efficiency and reduces the configuration labor cost and time cost.
  • the network manager can use the dynamic host configuration protocol to relay and convert the multicast message to the unicast message with the base station to interact with the management plane network address of the opposite end, and then according to all The network address of the management plane of the opposite end establishes a management channel connection with the base station.
  • the management channel connection can be automatically established, and the labor cost can be reduced.
  • the base station can notify the network manager of the management plane network address of the base station to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager, or the network manager can notify the base station of the management plane network address of the network manager to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager.
  • the network manager may receive the request unicast message, the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface.
  • the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the management plane network address of the base station. In this way, the base station notifies the network manager of the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the network manager may receive the request unicast message.
  • the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station.
  • the network manager sends a dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message is relayed and converted by the router to obtain the response multicast message.
  • the option field of the response multicast message carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager. In this way, the network manager notifies the base station of the management plane network address of the network manager.
  • the base station serves as the server side, and the network management system can also receive unicast packets.
  • the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the unicast message is obtained by the base station starting the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and converting the multicast message based on the dynamic host configuration protocol or directly generated by the base station.
  • the network manager sends a management channel connection establishment request to the base station according to the management plane network address of the base station. By automatically establishing the management channel connection, the base station transmission can be free of planning.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device, which includes an acquisition unit and a processing unit.
  • the acquiring unit is used to receive a router advertisement message
  • the processing unit is used to generate a virtual local area network identifier, an interface network address, and a route according to the router advertisement message.
  • the obtaining unit is also used to obtain associated information of upper-layer services, which include management-plane services, control-plane services, and user-plane services.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service according to the associated information.
  • the processing unit is further configured to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management; in this way, the obtaining unit can obtain the upper-layer service association information from the network management according to the management channel connection.
  • the above-mentioned association information obtained by the obtaining unit from the network manager may also be a virtual local area network usage rule for the base station; in this way, the processing unit may be based on the virtual local area network usage rule for the base station, and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier and The interface network address determines the virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service.
  • the above-mentioned association information obtained by the obtaining unit from the network management may also include the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the virtual local area network interface.
  • the processing unit may determine according to the virtual local area network usage rules for the base station and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier.
  • the virtual local area network of the upper-layer service determines the virtual local area network interface corresponding to the virtual local area network of the upper-layer service according to the virtual local area network of the upper-layer service and the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the virtual local area network interface, and connects the virtual local area network interface to the virtual local area network interface.
  • the pre-generated interface network address is determined as the network address of the upper-layer service.
  • the processing unit may establish a management channel connection according to the management plane network address of the opposite end.
  • the management plane network address of the opposite end can be obtained by performing DHCP Relay on the message.
  • the device may also include a sending unit, which can actively send the management plane network address of the local end to the network manager, that is, the base station informs the network manager of the MP IP of the base station, and the acquisition unit can also receive the network management information sent by the network manager.
  • the management plane network address that is, the network manager notifies the base station of the MP IP of the network manager.
  • the sending unit may send a dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the The management plane network address of the base station, the management plane network address of the base station is the interface network address corresponding to the virtual local area network identifier generated according to the router request message, so that the base station notifies the network manager of the MP IP of the base station.
  • the sending unit may send a dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries a base station identifier; the acquiring unit receives the The dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message sent by the network manager when the unicast request message is received is a response multicast message obtained by the dynamic host configuration protocol relay conversion, and the dynamic host configuration protocol responds to the multicast message
  • the option field of carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager, so that the network manager notifies the base station of the MP IP of the network manager.
  • the domain name resolution server address field of the router advertisement message may be configured as the management plane network address of the network management; in this way, the obtaining unit can access the domain name resolution server
  • the processing unit establishes a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager according to the management plane network address of the network manager.
  • the processing unit may establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management based on a preset network address of the management plane of the network management.
  • the preset network address of the management plane includes the network address of the management plane of the network manager that is preset when the base station leaves the factory or configured in a near-end connection mode.
  • the base station serves as the server side, and the base station itself can perform DHCP Relay to notify the network manager of the management plane network address of the base station. Thereby establishing a management channel connection.
  • the processing unit may start a dynamic host configuration protocol relay, where the service address of the relay is the network address of the management plane of the network management, and then the sending unit is used to send multicast packets based on the dynamic host configuration protocol, and the processing unit passes all
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol relay converts the multicast message into a unicast message.
  • the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the network manager may initiate a management channel connection establishment request according to the management plane network address of the base station, the acquisition unit is used to receive a management channel connection establishment request from the network manager, and the processing unit is used to establish a connection between the base station and the network manager according to the management channel connection establishment request. Management channel connection.
  • the sending unit may also directly send a DHCP-based unicast message to the network management, without relaying through a DHCP Relay.
  • the option field of the unicast request message carries the identifier of the base station and the MP IP of the base station.
  • the client can learn the MP IP of the server, the network manager as the client can initiate a management channel connection establishment request based on the MP IP of the server, the acquisition unit receives the management channel connection establishment request, and the processing unit establishes the management channel connection establishment request according to the management channel connection establishment request.
  • the obtaining unit may also obtain the above-mentioned association information from the router. Specifically, the obtaining unit may receive a link layer discovery protocol message, and obtain the upper-layer service related information according to the virtual local area network identification field and the service field in the link layer discovery protocol message, where the related information includes the virtual local area network The upper-layer service applicable to the virtual local area network identified by the identification field; then the processing unit may determine the upper-layer service according to the upper-layer service applicable to the virtual local area network identified by the virtual local area network identification field, and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier and the interface network address The virtual local area network and network address of the business.
  • the upper-layer service further includes an Internet key exchange service
  • the associated information includes the information issued by the network manager for the base station through the management channel connection.
  • Virtual local area network usage rules and address assignment messages where the address assignment message includes the management plane network address and control plane network address assigned by the network manager to the base station based on the respective address pools corresponding to the management plane service, control plane service, and user plane service And the user plane network address; in this way, the processing unit can determine the virtual local area network address of the Internet key exchange service according to the virtual local area network usage rules for the base station, and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier and the interface network address.
  • the local area network and the network address determine the management plane network address, the control plane network address, and the user plane network address of the base station according to the address assignment message.
  • the device further includes a sending unit configured to send a detection request message; the processing unit is further configured to receive a response detection within a preset time When announcing a message, it is determined that the physical port is in an open state, and when a detection notification message is not received within a preset time, it is determined that the physical port is in a false open state, and the negotiation mode and negotiation rate of the physical port are updated.
  • the sending unit is configured to continue sending the detection request message according to the updated negotiation mode and negotiation rate until the detection notification message is received.
  • the processing unit may automatically generate the virtual local area network identifier according to the virtual local area network identifier of the router advertisement message received through the physical port, and then carry it according to the router advertisement message.
  • the processing unit may determine the corresponding virtual local area network identifier according to the virtual local area network identifier of the router advertisement message or the physical port identifier corresponding to the physical port receiving the router advertisement message.
  • a route forwarding domain a default route is generated for each virtual route forwarding domain, the default route includes a destination address and a default route next hop address, and the default route next hop address is advertised by the router The source address of the message.
  • the processing unit may also automatically generate the interface network address for the virtual local area network interface as the source address, and the source address of the router advertisement message is the next hop address of the source address route to generate the source address route.
  • the device provided in the third aspect corresponds to the method provided in the first aspect. Therefore, the various possible implementation modes and technical effects of the device provided in the third aspect can be referred to those provided in the first aspect. Introduction of methods.
  • a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device includes: a processing unit and a sending unit.
  • the processing unit is used to establish a management channel connection with the base station
  • the sending unit is configured to deliver the associated information of upper-layer services to the base station through the management channel connection.
  • the upper-layer services include management plane services, control plane services, and user plane services, and the associated information is used by the base station to determine The virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service.
  • the processing unit is configured to:
  • the management channel connection with the base station is established according to the management plane network address of the opposite end, and the management plane network address of the opposite end is obtained through a dynamic host configuration protocol relay message.
  • the device may also receive the management plane network address of the base station, and send a management channel connection establishment request to the base station, thereby establishing a management channel connection.
  • the device further includes an acquiring unit for receiving a request unicast message, the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay, and the dynamic host The configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the device may send the management plane network address of the network manager to the base station, the base station sends a management channel connection establishment request according to the management plane network address of the network manager, and the device establishes a management channel connection according to the management channel connection establishment request.
  • the device further includes an acquiring unit for receiving a request unicast message, the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay, and the dynamic host The configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station.
  • the sending unit is also used to send the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message, the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message is relayed and converted by the router to obtain the response multicast message, and the response multicast message
  • the option field of the text carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager.
  • the base station serves as the server side
  • the device further includes:
  • the acquiring unit is configured to receive a unicast message, the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station, and the unicast message is the base station initiates the dynamic host configuration protocol relay, which is based on the dynamic host configuration protocol.
  • the multicast message is converted or generated directly by the base station;
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a management channel connection establishment request to the base station according to the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the device provided in the fourth aspect corresponds to the method provided in the second aspect. Therefore, the various possible implementation modes and technical effects of the device provided in the fourth aspect can be referred to those provided in the second aspect. Introduction of methods.
  • a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a base station, where the base station includes a processor and a memory:
  • the memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor
  • the processor is configured to execute the communication method described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof according to the instructions in the program code.
  • a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a network management, which includes a processor and a memory:
  • the memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor
  • the processor is configured to execute the communication method described in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof according to the instructions in the program code.
  • a seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a system, and the system includes a base station and a network management system.
  • the base station is configured to execute the communication method and any design thereof as described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application;
  • the network manager is used to execute the communication method and any design thereof as described in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
  • An eighth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device may include: at least one processor and an interface circuit, and related program instructions are executed in the at least one processor, so that the electronic device implements the first aspect And any design.
  • the electronic device may be a terminal device or a network device or a chip in the method of the first aspect or the second aspect and any design thereof.
  • the electronic device may further include at least one memory, and the memory stores related program instructions.
  • the ninth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be applied to an electronic device, and the computer-readable storage medium stores related program instructions. , So that the electronic device implements the method of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof.
  • the tenth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be applied to an electronic device, and the computer-readable storage medium stores related program instructions. , So that the electronic device implements the method of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof.
  • the eleventh aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device, which is configured to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof.
  • a twelfth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device that includes a processor coupled with a memory and configured to call and run a computer program from the memory to execute the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application Or the method described in the second aspect and any of its designs.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a communication device, which includes a processor and a memory.
  • the memory is used to store a computer program
  • the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application and any design thereof.
  • the fourteenth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product contains related program instructions. When the related program instructions are executed, the method of the first aspect or the second aspect and any design thereof are realized.
  • Figures 1a and 1b are system architecture diagrams of a communication method in an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a network structure diagram of the transmission side of the base station in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a communication method in an embodiment of this application.
  • 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of scenarios where different VLAN isolation and the same VLAN isolation are adopted in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of upper-layer service configuration through use templates in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of generating an interface IP based on an RA message in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of generating a default route based on the source address of the RA message in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of determining upper-layer service VLAN/IP based on LLDP packets in an embodiment of the application
  • 9a to 9c are schematic diagrams of using separate VLAN/IP or shared VLAN/IP for MP, CP, and UP in a non-secure scenario in an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the network management system assigning MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP based on the address pool in an embodiment of the application;
  • 11a to 11c are schematic diagrams of using separate VLAN/IP or shared VLAN/IP for MP, CP, and UP in a security scenario in an embodiment of the application;
  • Figures 12a and 12b are respectively a signaling flow chart and a method flow chart for establishing a management channel connection in an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 13 is a signaling flowchart for establishing a management channel connection in an embodiment of the application
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of establishing a management channel connection based on DNS Server in an embodiment of the application
  • Figure 15 is a signaling flowchart for establishing a management channel connection in an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 16 is a signaling flowchart for establishing a management channel connection in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 17A is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 17B is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 18A is a schematic structural diagram of a base station in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 18B is a schematic diagram of a structure of a network management system in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the application.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a communication method to solve the problem of manual planning and station-by-station configuration in scenarios such as new base station construction, transmission network reconstruction, or base station expansion. It uses the received RA message to perform self-learning to generate VLAN ID, Interface IP, and routing, and then obtain the relevant information of the upper-layer service, and determine the VLAN and IP of the upper-layer service according to the relevant information. In this way, the base station transmission is free of planning and automatic configuration, which improves the efficiency of base station configuration and reduces the cost of configuration labor. Configuration time cost.
  • Figure 1a is a network architecture in a non-secure scenario
  • Figure 1b is a network architecture in a secure scenario.
  • the so-called security scenarios and non-secure scenarios The main difference is whether to deploy the IP Security (IPSec) protocol to achieve secure communication.
  • the base station is connected to the access network (also called the access layer) through the router, and then connected to the network through the router.
  • the core network also referred to as the core layer
  • the core layer includes at least the network management, so that the base station can realize the transmission adaptive configuration of the base station by interacting with the router and the network management.
  • a security gateway seGW is included between the access network and the core network.
  • the security gateway determines the core network as trustworthy and the access network as untrusted unTrust.
  • the base station includes inner and outer addresses. , Where the inner address is specifically the MP IP configured on the local loopback interface Loopback_1, the UP IP of Loopback_2, and the CP IP of Loopback_3.
  • the outer address includes IKE IP.
  • the base station also connects to the public dynamic address allocation server Public DHCP Server through the router. And the certification authority CA, and then interact with the above Public DHCP Server and CA through DHCP multicast messages to obtain the IP of seGW and the MP IP of the network management.
  • the base station determines the IKE local IP according to the automatically generated Interface IP, and according to IKE
  • the IP and seGW IP create an IKE connection to establish a secure channel between the base station and the seGW, that is, the virtual private network (Virtual Private Network, vpn) between the base station and the seGW, and then the base station requests the upper-layer service IP from the network manager through the above-mentioned secure channel with the seGW.
  • the network manager allocates MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP in the corresponding service address pool, and returns them to the base station, thereby realizing the adaptive configuration of base station transmission.
  • Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b are based on the fourth-generation mobile communication system 4G and the fifth-generation mobile communication system.
  • the base station can be specifically an eNB or a gNB, which includes base station transceivers.
  • Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a 4G network, the core network also includes a mobile management entity (Mobile Managenment Entity, MME) and a serving gateway (Serving Gateway, SGW). The router is also connected to the MME and SGW to implement network management.
  • MME Mobile Managenment Entity
  • SGW serving gateway
  • the above-mentioned MME functions are decomposed into access and mobility management function entities (Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF), and SGW is replaced by user plane function entities (User Plane Function, UPF).
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other communication systems.
  • Figures 1a and 1b are based on the sixth version of the IP protocol IPv6 networking as an example.
  • the above communication method can be applied to any network that supports a stateless address configuration mechanism.
  • the above communication method can also be applied to networks that support other address configuration mechanisms.
  • the base station When configuring the base station, you can divide the transmission related parameters of the base station into two parts, one part is the internal configuration of the base station, including the quality of service (Quality of Service, QoS), packet filtering, etc., it does not need to negotiate with other equipment for docking, and the base station It is automatically generated internally, and will not be repeated here.
  • the other part is generated through negotiation with other devices. This application focuses on the detailed introduction of parameters that need to be generated through negotiation with other devices.
  • the base station transmission side includes the physical layer PHY, the data link layer Data-Link, the network layer, and the transport layer Transport.
  • the physical layer includes physical ports, such as Ethernet port ETHPORT, and the data link layer includes VLAN Of course, in some cases, it also includes other ports, such as TRUNK.
  • the network layer includes IP addresses (such as IPv6Address), routing (such as IPv6Route), IPSec, Qos, Interface and PacketFilter, and the transport layer includes business network elements such as MP, CP, and UP. Of course, in some cases, it also includes other business network elements such as IKE.
  • Each business network element includes local IP and peer IP, namely Local IP and Peer IP, Radio Network Controller (RNC), base station control
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • BSC Base station controller
  • CP and user plane UP of the core network and the base station also establish channel connections, such as S1, X2, NG, and Xn are connected to CP and UP.
  • Qos, Interface, and PacketFilter are handled by the base station itself; multiple base stations are mounted under one network management, that is, the corresponding network management addresses of multiple base stations are the same. Therefore, MP Peer IP does not need to be planned; S1, NG peer core network is the same One, the control face address of X2 and Xn can be learned through signaling messages, therefore, CP Peer IP does not need to be planned; the user face addresses of S1, X2, NG, and Xn are learned through signaling messages Therefore, UP Peer IP does not require planning.
  • the parameters that need to be automatically generated for transmission include: ETHPORT, VLAN, interface IP, routing, and MP Local IP, CP Local IP, and UP Local IP.
  • the interface IP, MP Local IP, CP Local IP, and UP Local IP can all be represented by prefix notation, that is, IP/Prefix.
  • prefix notation that is, IP/Prefix.
  • the parameters that need to be automatically generated for transmission also include IKE Local IP.
  • An embodiment of the communication method in the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • S301 Receive a router advertisement message, and generate a virtual local area network identifier, an interface network address, and a route according to the router advertisement message.
  • VLAN isolations For base stations, there are two scenarios for VLANs between BTSs.
  • One scenario is that different BTSs use different VLAN isolations. As shown in Figure 4a, the three BTSs use VLAN 1, 2, 3 and VLANs 4, 5, 6 and VLAN 7, 8, and 9 are isolated.
  • Another scenario is different BTSs, using the same VLAN for isolation. See Figure 4b. All three BTSs are isolated using VLANs 1, 2, and 3.
  • the base station can directly configure the interface interface in the general configuration and specify its VLAN ID.
  • the base station can automatically generate VLAN IDs by learning RA messages.
  • the Interface is carried on ETH and TRUNK, and can be configured as a VLAN interface, including VLAN ID attributes.
  • VLAN ID parameter identification of the VLAN interface automatically generates the virtual local area network identification, for example, when the VLAN ID parameter is set to an invalid value, that is, a value outside the legal range of 1 to 4094, the base station can receive the RA report according to the physical port The VLAN ID of the document automatically generates the VLAN ID.
  • the base station can also determine the VLAN ID corresponding to each service according to the VLAN usage rules and the automatically generated VLAN ID.
  • the VLAN usage rules are specifically the VLAN planning rules for the base station set by the user in the network management, the planning rules specifically include the correspondence between VLANs and services, and the VLAN division configuration of the transmission network is performed in accordance with the base station VLAN usage rules.
  • the user can configure the size of the VLAN ID or the correspondence between the last digit of the VLAN ID and the service as the VLAN usage rule.
  • the base station can identify whether the VLAN is used for MP, CP, or UP by the size of the VLAN ID or the last digit of the VLAN ID.
  • the user configures the VLAN usage rules in the VLAN usage template, specifically as MP is high, CP is low, and UP is low, that is, the VLAN with the smaller value in the VLAN ID is used as the VLAN for the CP and UP services, and the VLAN ID is in the VLAN ID.
  • the VLAN with the larger value is used as the VLAN for the MP service.
  • VLAN size rule is essentially a VLAN usage rule.
  • the field value corresponding to the VLAN size rule of each VLAN interface is a number, and the size relationship of this number is consistent with the VLAN ID size relationship, and VLAN configuration can be implemented based on the size relationship.
  • the field value corresponding to the VLAN size rule of VLAN Interface 1 is 30, and the field value corresponding to the VLAN size rule of VLAN Interface 2 is 20.
  • the VLAN IDs of the generated VLAN are 200 and 300
  • the VLAN The VLAN of Interface 1 is configured as a VLAN with VLAN ID 300
  • the VLAN of VLAN Interface 2 is configured as a VLAN with VLAN ID 200.
  • Upper-layer services refer to VLAN Interface.
  • MP services refer to VLAN Interface 1, so the VLAN of the MP service can be configured as a VLAN with a VLAN ID of 300.
  • the VLAN configuration of the CP service and the UP service please refer to the VLAN configuration of the MP service, which will not be repeated here.
  • the base station can automatically generate a global list according to the network address prefix carried in the RA message received on the VLAN interface.
  • the broadcast address is used as the interface network address.
  • the base station can use the stateless address configuration mechanism to automatically generate the interface network address.
  • the Router sends RA messages based on the VLAN interface.
  • the RA messages also carry the IP prefix.
  • the RA message sent based on the VLAN interface with VLAN ID 1 has the prefix 2001: :/64, RA messages sent based on the VLAN interface with VLAN ID 2, the prefix is 2002::/64, RA messages sent based on the VLAN interface with VLAN ID 3, the prefix is 2003::/64,
  • the base station receives the RA message through the above-mentioned VLAN interface, it can automatically generate a global unicast address as the interface IP by using the stateless address configuration mechanism according to the prefix carried in the respective RA message.
  • the base station can automatically generate a route according to the RA message received through the physical port.
  • this application provides two Route generation method to resolve routing conflicts. One way is to determine the corresponding VRFs for different physical ports or VLAN interfaces, and to generate default routes for each VRF. The other way is to use the automatically generated Interface IP on the VLAN interface as the source address to generate the source address route. Source address routing strategy for routing.
  • the base station can determine the corresponding VRF according to the VLAN ID of the RA message or the physical port identifier corresponding to the physical port receiving the RA message, and then use the source address of the RA message as the default route for each VRF.
  • One-hop address Since the default route can match any destination address, you can use: 0/0 as the destination address, and generate a default route based on the destination address and the next-hop address of the default route.
  • the base station's Ethernet port ETHPORT is configured with 3 VLAN interfaces, and their corresponding VLAN IDs are 1, 2, and 3.
  • the base station receives an RA message, it is determined according to the VLAN ID of the RA message Three VRFs are generated, namely VRF1, 2, 3, and then the base station uses the source address of its RA message as the next hop address of the default route for each VRF.
  • the destination address 0/0 and the default route
  • the one-hop address generates the default route corresponding to the respective VRF.
  • the base station can also use the source address routing strategy. Specifically, the base station uses the interface network address automatically generated for the VLAN interface as the source address, and the source address of the RA message as the source address to route the next hop address, according to the source address And the source address route next hop address to generate a source address route.
  • the base station can also generate any one or more of VLAN ID, Interface IP, and routing according to the above RA message.
  • the base station can generate Interface IP according to the above RA message, and generate VLAN according to other mechanisms. ID and routing.
  • the association information of the upper-layer service refers to the information related to the upper-layer service. Specifically, it may be the association relationship between the upper-layer service and the data link layer (ie, L2 layer) VLAN. Among them, the upper-layer service and the L2 VLAN The association relationship includes a direct association relationship and an indirect association relationship.
  • the direct association relationship may be a one-to-one correspondence between an upper-layer service and a VLAN ID
  • the indirect association relationship may be a mapping rule between an upper-layer service and the VLAN ID.
  • the base station may obtain the above-mentioned association information from the network management, and may also obtain the above-mentioned association information from the router. It should be noted that, when obtaining the above-mentioned association information from the network management system, a management channel connection between the base station and the network management system needs to be established first.
  • one of the base station and the network management can be used as the server and the other as the client.
  • the client can establish a management channel connection between the two by knowing the MP IP of the server.
  • the server side can notify the client by means of broadcasting or the like, or it can be the MP IP of the server side preset by the client, which will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
  • S303 Determine the virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service according to the associated information.
  • the upper-layer services include MP services, CP services and UP services.
  • the base station can first determine the VLAN of upper-layer services such as MP, CP, UP, etc. based on the above-mentioned association information and the VLAN ID pre-generated from the RA message, and then determine the VLAN ID and Interface IP based on the one-to-one correspondence between The IP of the upper-layer service.
  • the specific implementation manners for determining the VLAN and IP of upper-layer services in different scenarios will be described in detail below.
  • the associated information can be the VLAN usage rules for the base station issued by the network manager through the above management channel connection.
  • the VLAN usage rules are specifically the rules for dividing VLANs in the VLAN usage template.
  • the VLAN usage rule is "MP: High, CP: Low, UP: Low", that is, the VLAN with the smaller VLAN ID is used as the VLAN for CP and UP, and the VLAN with the larger VLAN ID is used as the VLAN for MP.
  • MP High
  • CP Low
  • UP Low
  • the VLAN with the smaller VLAN ID is used as the VLAN for CP and UP
  • the VLAN with the larger VLAN ID is used as the VLAN for MP.
  • the base station can also update the VLAN ID parameter on the VLAN Interface from an invalid value to the VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN of the upper-layer service.
  • the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP may have a one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, the Interface IP corresponding to the VLAN ID of each upper-layer service VLAN can be determined as the IP of each upper-layer service.
  • the association information can also include the correspondence between upper-layer services and VLAN Interface. See Figure 5.
  • the base station is based on VLAN usage.
  • the LLDP message includes the VLAN ID field and the service field.
  • the service field can be filled in the VLAN Name field or custom field. Generated, where the service characterization VLAN ID field in the service field identifies the service to which the VLAN is applicable. In this way, the above-mentioned switch or router can issue an LLDP message to notify the base station of the purpose of the VLAN.
  • the base station can receive the LLDP message, and determine the associated information of the upper-layer service according to the virtual local area network identification field and the service field in the link layer discovery protocol message.
  • the associated information is specifically the upper-layer applicable to the VLAN identified by the VLAN ID field.
  • the base station can first determine the VLAN of the upper-layer service according to the above-mentioned association information, and then determine the Interface IP corresponding to the VLAN ID of the VLAN of the upper-layer service as the IP of the upper-layer service.
  • the Router sends an LLDP message to two base stations.
  • the LLDP message carries the VLAN ID and VLAN Name.
  • the VLAN Name is filled with services.
  • the VLAN ID is 100
  • the corresponding VLAN Name is filled with MP.
  • the VLAN ID is 200
  • the corresponding VLAN Name is filled with CP&UP.
  • the base station receives the LLDP message, it can determine the MP, the VLAN ID and the VLAN Name carried in the LLDP message, as well as the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP.
  • VLAN for services such as CP and UP, as well as MP IP, CP IP, UP IP.
  • Figure 8 is an example of using a separate VLAN/IP for MP, and VLAN/IP shared by CP and UP.
  • the specific network structure can be seen in Figure 9a.
  • MP, CP, and UP can use the same VLAN/IP, or when isolation requirements are high, as shown in Figure 9c, MP, CP, and UP can all use separate VLAN/IP.
  • the upper-layer services also include IKE services.
  • the network manager can issue the VLAN usage rules for the base station to the base station through the management channel connection, and according to the respective corresponding MP services, CP services and UP services
  • the address pool allocates MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP to the base station, generates an address assignment message based on the assigned IP, and delivers the address assignment message to the base station. That is, the associated information includes the network management's VLAN usage rules for the base station and Address assignment message.
  • the base station can first determine the VLAN and IP of the IKE service according to the VLAN usage rules for the base station, as well as the pre-generated VLAN ID and Interface IP. Then, the base station can determine the MP IP, CP IP and UP according to the address assignment message. IP.
  • the network manager can allocate IP addresses to the user plane, control plane, and management plane of different base stations according to the IP address pools of multiple service types supported by it, such as MP Pool, CP pool, and UP Pool, to achieve three-sided isolation. For example, assign IP1, IP2, and IP3 to a base station as its MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP, and assign IP4, IP5, and IP6 to another base station as its MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP, respectively.
  • the above example uses different inner IPs for MP, CP, and UP
  • the local IP of the outer IKE uses a separate VLAN/IP.
  • the network structure can be seen in Figure 11a.
  • MP, CP, and UP can use the same inner IP
  • the local IP of the outer IKE uses a separate VLAN/IP
  • MP uses a separate VLAN/IP without encryption
  • IKE Use separate VLAN/IP, CP and UP encryption, use separate LOOPBACK IP.
  • the internal IP such as MP IP, CP IP, or UP IP
  • the security gateway can also be allocated by the security gateway.
  • the Mode Config is configured on the security gateway side, so that the internal address of the base station can be specified by the security gateway.
  • an extension field can also be added to the corresponding protocol.
  • the extension field indicates that the allocated IP is used for MP services, CP services and/or MP services.
  • the user-defined field in the protocol can be filled with IP, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the upper-layer service also includes the clock, that is, IPCLK.
  • the base station can determine the VLAN and local IP of the IPCLK in the same or similar way as the IKE service, and then establish a clock channel based on the local IP of the IPCLK. Ensure the normal operation of the business.
  • the base station may also determine the VLAN or IP of the upper-layer service according to the above-mentioned association information. For example, the base station may determine the IP of the upper-layer service according to the association information, and use other mechanisms to determine the VLAN of the upper-layer service.
  • this embodiment of the application provides a communication method that uses the received RA message to perform self-learning to generate VLAN ID, Interface IP, and routing, and then obtains the associated information of the upper-layer service, and determines the upper-layer service according to the associated information
  • the virtual local area network and network address of the base station are thus realized without planning and automatic configuration of base station transmission, which improves the efficiency of base station configuration and reduces the cost of configuration labor and configuration time.
  • the physical port of the base station may also be in a false UP state. Based on this, before receiving the RA message and automatically generating the VLAN ID, Interface IP, and routing based on the RA message, the base station can also determine whether the port is falsely UP. .
  • the base station can determine whether a physical port has a false UP through a self-detection method. Specifically, the base station first sends a probe request message, and then waits for a response probe notification message.
  • the probe request message may specifically be an NS message. , Or RS message, where, when the request message is an NS message, the response message is an NA message, and when the request message is an RS message, the response message is an RA message.
  • the physical ports can be different types of ports.
  • the physical port is the Ethernet port ETHPORT for example.
  • the Ethernet port can be divided into two types: electrical port and optical port. If the Ethernet port is an electrical port, the negotiation mode is determined to be auto-negotiation mode, and the port speed can be negotiated through auto-negotiation mode. If the Ethernet port is an optical port, The negotiation mode and negotiation rate can be determined through optical port self-detection.
  • the optical port self-detection of ETH is realized by polling detection.
  • the base station can follow the principle that the rate is from high to low, and the auto-negotiation mode has priority over the full-duplex mode at the same rate. Perform polling detection.
  • the optical port is in the open state (that is, the UP state), in order to avoid false UP, the base station actively sends a detection request message. If it receives a detection notification message, it stops the detection and will The negotiation mode and negotiation rate are determined as the negotiation mode and negotiation rate of the physical port. If the detection notification message is not received, the polling detection is continued until the detection notification message is received.
  • This application also provides the test results of the optical port self-test, as shown in the following table:
  • the port is UP; if the negotiation mode of the opposite end is full duplex, the negotiation rate is 1000M or 100M, and the port is DOWN.
  • the port When the negotiation mode of the base station is full duplex and the negotiation rate is 1000M, if the negotiation mode and negotiation rate of the opposite end are the same as those on the base station side, the port is UP. If the negotiation mode of the opposite end is auto-negotiation and the negotiation rate is 1000M, the base station side is UP. When the peer is down, a false UP phenomenon occurs. In this case, the base station needs to continue to poll and probe, and send a probe request message when the port is UP to determine whether it is false UP. If the negotiation mode of the peer is full Duplex, the negotiated rate is 100M, then the port is DOWN.
  • the negotiation mode of the base station is full-duplex and the negotiation rate is 100M
  • the port is UP; if the negotiation mode of the opposite end is auto-negotiation, the negotiation rate is 1000M and the port is DOWN.
  • the end negotiation mode is full-duplex, and the negotiation rate is 1000M, then the base station side is UP and the opposite end is DOWN, that is, false UP occurs.
  • the base station needs to continue to poll and probe and send a probe request when the port is UP. The message determines whether it is a false UP.
  • the base station may first establish a management channel connection with the network management, so as to obtain the upper-layer service related information from the network management according to the management channel connection, and realize the upper-layer service configuration.
  • a management channel connection with the network management, so as to obtain the upper-layer service related information from the network management according to the management channel connection, and realize the upper-layer service configuration.
  • different methods can be used to establish the management channel connection between the base station and the network management system. The following describes the establishment of the management channel connection between the base station and the network management system in different scenarios.
  • the network management does not need to configure the relevant transmission parameters of the base station, which causes the base station and the network management to be unable to perceive each other's IP.
  • base stations and network managers can use DHCP multicast messages and router DHCP Realy to convert multicast messages into unicast messages, and interact with the peer MP IP. In this way, they can interact with the MP IP obtained from the interaction. Establish a management channel connection.
  • DHCP messages specifically include four types of messages: Solicit, Advertise, Request, and Reply.
  • Solicit When DHCP messages are used for interaction, two message exchanges of DHCP v6 can be used, or four message exchanges of DHCPv6 can be used. The embodiment does not limit this.
  • the base station when exchanging MP IP, can be used as a DHCP client, and the network management system can be used as a DHCP server.
  • the network management system informs the base station of the network management's own MP IP, so that the base station can establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management system according to the network management MP IP.
  • the base station acts as a DHCP server, and the network manager acts as a DHCP client.
  • the base station informs the network manager of the MP IP of the base station, thereby establishing a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager.
  • the base station notifies the network management of the base station's own MP IP, thereby establishing a management channel connection between the base station and the network management.
  • the method specifically includes:
  • the base station configuration personnel configure the base station configuration information on the network management
  • the configuration information includes VLAN planning rules for the base station, and the planning rules specifically include the correspondence between VLANs and services.
  • the transmission network configuration personnel configure on the router: corresponding to the VLAN ID, IP of the base station transmission interface, RA, DHCP Relay corresponding to the IP prefix of the VLAN interface;
  • the Server IP of the DHCP Relay is the network management IP.
  • the router can convert the multicast packet into a unicast packet whose destination address is the network management IP.
  • the router periodically publishes RA to notify the base station of the corresponding prefix and other information
  • the base station After receiving the RA, the base station automatically generates VLAN ID, Interface IP and routing;
  • the value of the VLAN ID parameter of the VLAN interface is an invalid value. If the value is 0, it means that the VLAN ID is automatically generated. At this time, the base station automatically generates the VLAN ID according to the VLAN ID corresponding to the RA message.
  • the base station can use the stateless address configuration mechanism to automatically generate a global unicast address as the Interface IP according to the network address prefix of the RA message received on the VLAN interface, and determine the corresponding VRF according to the VLAN ID of the RA message, and then For each VRF, the source address of the RA message is used as the next hop address of the default route, and the default route is generated according to the destination address: 0/0 and the next hop address of the default route.
  • the base station can also use the Interface IP automatically generated for the VLAN interface as the source address, the source address of the RA message as the source address to route the next hop address, and route the next hop address based on the source address and the source address to generate Source address routing.
  • the base station uses the VLAN received from the RA in step 4, and sends a DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN interface;
  • the base station when the DHCP request multicast message is sent on each VLAN interface, it carries the global unicast address generated by the corresponding VLAN interface, that is, the Interface IP corresponding to the VLAN ID generated according to the RA message is used as the temporary base station MP IP.
  • the base station can write the base station identifier and the base station MP IP into the Option field to generate a DHCP request multicast message.
  • the router converts the DHCP request multicast message into a request unicast message through DHCP Relay, and sends it to the network management;
  • the multicast request message and the unicast request message may specifically be Solicit messages.
  • the network manager After receiving the DHCP request unicast message, the network manager saves the mapping relationship between the base station identifier and the base station MP IP, and replies with a DHCP response message;
  • the response message may specifically be a Reply message.
  • the network manager connects to the base station and establishes a management channel connection
  • the network manager can initiate a TCP connection, and the base station responds to the connection, thereby establishing a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager. It should be noted that the network management can also initiate a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) connection to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management.
  • SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  • the network manager uses the management channel connection to deliver the base station configuration information to the base station.
  • the base station may implement the upper-layer service configuration according to the association information of the upper-layer service in the configuration information, that is, the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the VLAN interface.
  • the network manager notifies the network manager MP IP to the base station to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager.
  • the method specifically includes:
  • the base station configuration personnel configure the base station configuration information on the network management
  • the transmission network configuration personnel configure on the router: corresponding to the VLAN ID, IP of the base station transmission interface, RA, DHCP Relay corresponding to the IP prefix of the VLAN interface;
  • the router periodically publishes RA to notify the base station of the corresponding prefix and other information
  • the base station After receiving the RA, the base station automatically generates VLAN ID, Interface IP and routing;
  • steps 1 to 4 For the specific implementation of steps 1 to 4, reference may be made to the description of the related content of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the base station uses the VLAN that received the RA in step 4 to send a DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN interface;
  • the base station identifier is carried in the Option field of the DHCP request multicast message.
  • the router converts the DHCP request multicast message into a request unicast message through the DHCP Relay, and sends it to the network management system.
  • the multicast request message and the unicast request message may specifically be Solicit messages.
  • the network management After receiving the DHCP request unicast message, the network management responds to the DHCP response message;
  • the Option field of the DHCP response message carries the network management MP IP, and the response message may specifically be a Reply message, which may be forwarded by the router and returned to the base station.
  • the DHCP response message may specifically be a DHCP response unicast message, which can be converted into a DHCP response multicast message through a DHCP Relay, and then sent to the base station.
  • the base station receives the DHCP response message, and establishes the management channel connection between the base station and the network management according to the network management MP IP;
  • the base station can initiate a TCP connection to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management system.
  • the network manager uses the management channel connection to deliver the base station configuration information to the base station.
  • the base station can implement the upper-layer service configuration according to the association information of the upper-layer service in the configuration information, that is, the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the VLAN interface.
  • the transmission network configuration personnel configure RA on the route connected to the base station, they can also specify DNS Server.
  • the DNS Server address is configured as the MP IP of the network management.
  • the base station receives In RA messages, in addition to automatically generating a global unicast address based on the prefix of the RA, it also connects to the DNS Server to obtain the MP IP of the network management. In this way, the base station can establish a management channel between the base station and the network management based on the MP IP of the network management. connection.
  • the base station can also preset the MP IP of the network management, such as the MP IP of the network management preset when the base station leaves the factory, or the MP IP of the network management configured in a near-end connection mode, where the near-end connection method includes inserting a USB flash memory
  • the base station can also establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management based on the preset MP IP of the network management.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides two implementations of establishing a management channel connection between a base station and a network management system.
  • the base station serves as a DHCP client
  • the network manager serves as a DHCP server
  • the MP IP of the network manager is stored in the base station configuration information, so that the base station can be connected to the network manager to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network manager.
  • the network management system is used as a DHCP client, and the base station is used as a DHCP server.
  • the interface IP of the base station is automatically generated according to the stateless address configuration mechanism.
  • the network management does not perceive the interface IP of the base station.
  • IP is used as MP IP to notify the network management.
  • the base station notifies the network manager that the base station MP IP is implemented through the base station's DHCP Relay. Specifically, the base station starts the DHCP Relay, the Server IP of the DHCP Relay is the MP IP of the network management, and then the base station sends a DHCP-based multicast message, and the multicast message is converted into a unicast message through the DHCP Relay.
  • the network management receives When the unicast message arrives, it can initiate a management channel connection establishment request according to the MP IP of the base station carried in the Option field of the unicast message, and the base station responds to the management channel connection establishment request to establish management between the base station and the network manager Channel connection.
  • the base station can also directly send a DHCP unicast message to the network manager.
  • the Option field of the DHCP unicast message carries the identifier of the base station and the MP IP of the base station.
  • the network manager when it receives a unicast message, it can initiate a management channel connection establishment request based on the MP IP of the base station carried in the Option field of the unicast message.
  • the base station responds to the management channel connection establishment request to establish a connection between the base station and the network manager. Management channel connection between.
  • the method includes:
  • the base station configuration personnel configure the pre-configured configuration information to the base station at the near end;
  • the transmission network configuration personnel configure on the router: the RA corresponding to the VLAN, IP, and IP prefix corresponding to the base station transmission interface;
  • the router periodically publishes RA to notify the base station of the corresponding prefix and other information
  • the base station receives RA, and automatically generates VLAN ID, Interface IP, and routing according to RA.
  • the base station automatically starts DHCP Relay according to the MP IP of the network management
  • the Server IP of the DHCP Relay is the MP IP of the network management system.
  • the base station uses the VLAN received from the RA in step 4, and sends a DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN interface;
  • the base station when the DHCP request multicast message is sent on each VLAN interface, it carries the global unicast address generated by the corresponding VLAN interface, that is, the Interface IP corresponding to the VLAN ID generated according to the RA message is used as the base station MP IP.
  • the base station can write the base station identifier and the base station MP IP into the Option field to generate a DHCP request multicast message.
  • the base station converts the DHCP request multicast message into a request unicast message through the internal DHCP Realy, and sends it to the network management.
  • the base station may not perform steps 5 to 7 above, but directly send a DHCP unicast message to the network manager.
  • the Option field in the unicast message carries the identifier of the base station and the MP IP of the base station. In this way, the MP IP of the base station can be notified to the network management.
  • the network manager receives the DHCP request unicast message, saves the mapping relationship between the base station identifier and the base station MP IP, and replies with a DHCP response message.
  • the network manager connects to the base station and establishes a management channel connection
  • the network manager uses the management channel connection to deliver the base station configuration information to the base station.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an implementation manner for establishing a management channel connection between a base station and a network management system in a security scenario.
  • the method includes:
  • the base station configuration personnel configure the pre-configured configuration information to the base station at the near end;
  • the transmission network configuration personnel configure on the router: the RA corresponding to the VLAN, IP, and IP prefix corresponding to the base station transmission interface;
  • the router periodically publishes RA to notify the base station of the corresponding prefix and other information
  • the base station receives RA and automatically generates VLAN ID, Interface IP and routing according to RA;
  • the base station uses the VLAN that received the RA in step 4 to send a DHCP request multicast message for each VLAN interface;
  • the Public DHCP Server receives the DHCP request multicast message and returns a DHCP response message
  • the response message carries the CA server address, the security gateway address, and the network management address;
  • the base station obtains the CA certificate from the CA server according to the address of the CA server;
  • the base station creates an IKE connection based on the address of the security gateway in the DHCP response message and the global unicast address generated in step 4, and establishes an IPsec tunnel between the base station and the security gateway;
  • the base station can try to create an IKE connection by traversing the global unicast address generated in step 4.
  • the base station sends an address allocation request message to the network manager according to the network management address in the DHCP response message to request the MP, CP, and UP addresses;
  • the address allocation request message is encrypted using Ipsec;
  • the network manager allocates MP IP, CP IP, UP IP to the base station in the corresponding service address pool, and returns the above MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP to the base station;
  • the base station generates the corresponding link connection according to the above-mentioned MP IP, CP IP, and UP IP allocated by the network management.
  • the management channel connection between the base station and the network management can be automatically established.
  • the management channel can be connected and issued according to the network management.
  • the relevant information of the upper-layer service, as well as the pre-generated VLAN ID and the Interface IP for the VLAN Interface, automatically determine the VLAN and IP of the upper-layer service.
  • the foregoing describes a communication method in the present application, and the following describes a communication device that executes the foregoing communication method.
  • the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a device inside the base station, or a device independent of the base station that can be connected to the base station.
  • the function of the provided communication method can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions, and the modules may be software and/or hardware.
  • the communication device 1700 includes:
  • the obtaining unit 1710 is configured to receive router advertisement messages
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to generate a virtual local area network identifier, an interface network address, and a route according to the router advertisement message;
  • the obtaining unit 1710 is further configured to obtain associated information of upper-layer services, where the upper-layer services include management plane services, control plane services, and user plane services;
  • the processing unit 1720 is further configured to determine the virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service according to the associated information.
  • the acquiring unit 1710 can be specifically used to execute the methods in S301 and S302.
  • the processing unit 1720 can be specifically used to execute S301, S302, and S302.
  • the method in S303 please refer to the description of parts S301 and S303 in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3 for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • processing unit 1720 is further configured to:
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is specifically configured to:
  • the processing unit 1720 is used to establish a management channel connection.
  • the obtaining unit 1710 may be used to execute the method in S302.
  • the association information includes virtual local area network usage rules for the base station
  • the processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • processing unit 1720 may be used to execute the method in S303.
  • the processing unit 1720 may be used to execute the method in S303.
  • the association information further includes the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the virtual local area network interface
  • the processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the virtual local area network interface corresponding to the virtual local area network of the upper-layer service is determined, and the interface network address generated in advance on the virtual local area network interface is determined as The network address of the upper-layer service.
  • processing unit 1720 may be used to execute the method in S303.
  • the processing unit 1720 may be used to execute the method in S303.
  • processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the management channel connection is established according to the management plane network address of the opposite end, where the management plane network address of the opposite end can be obtained by performing DHCP Relay on the message. .
  • the apparatus 1700 further includes a sending unit 1730;
  • the sending unit 1730 is configured to send a dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the base station Management plane network address, where the management plane network address of the base station is the interface network address corresponding to the virtual local area network identifier generated according to the router request message.
  • the specific implementation of sending the MP IP of the base station to the network management by the sending unit 1730 may refer to the description of the related content of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b.
  • the apparatus 1700 further includes a sending unit 1730;
  • the sending unit 1730 is configured to send a dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries a base station identifier;
  • the obtaining unit 1710 is further configured to receive the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message sent by the network manager when the request unicast message is received, and the response multicast message obtained by the dynamic host configuration protocol relay conversion;
  • the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol response multicast message carries the management plane network address of the network manager.
  • the sending unit 1730 sends a multicast request message, and the acquiring unit 1710 receives a response multicast message, thereby obtaining the MP IP of the network management system.
  • the sending unit 1730 sends a multicast request message
  • the acquiring unit 1710 receives a response multicast message, thereby obtaining the MP IP of the network management system.
  • the domain name resolution server address field of the router advertisement message may be configured as the management plane network address of the network manager
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is specifically configured to:
  • the processing unit 1720 is used to:
  • the management channel connection between the base station and the network management is established according to the management plane network address of the network management.
  • the processing unit 1720 establishes a management channel connection based on the domain name resolution server.
  • the processing unit 1720 establishes a management channel connection based on the domain name resolution server.
  • the processing unit 1720 establishes a management channel connection based on the domain name resolution server.
  • processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the management channel connection between the base station and the network management is established based on the preset network address of the management plane of the network management.
  • the preset network address of the management plane includes:
  • the network address of the management plane of the network manager that is preset when the base station leaves the factory or configured in a near-end connection mode.
  • the base station serves as the server end, and the apparatus 1700 further includes a sending unit 1730;
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to start a dynamic host configuration protocol relay, where the service address of the relay is the management plane network address of the network management;
  • the sending unit 1730 is configured to send a multicast message based on the dynamic host configuration protocol
  • the processing unit 1720 is further configured to convert the multicast message into a unicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay, and the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station;
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is further configured to receive a management channel connection establishment request from the network manager;
  • the processing unit 1720 is further configured to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management system according to the management channel connection establishment request; or,
  • the sending unit 1730 is configured to send a unicast message based on the dynamic host configuration protocol, and the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station;
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is further configured to receive a management channel connection establishment request from the network manager;
  • the processing unit 1720 is further configured to establish a management channel connection between the base station and the network management system according to the management channel connection establishment request.
  • the communication device 1700 notifies the network manager of the MP IP of the base station by performing a DHCP Relay by itself, or notifies the network manager of the MP IP of the base station by directly sending a unicast message to the network manager, thereby establishing a management channel connection.
  • the specific implementation can be See the description of related content in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15.
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is specifically configured to:
  • the processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the virtual local area network and the network address of the upper-layer service are determined according to the upper-layer service to which the virtual local area network is identified by the virtual local area network identification field, and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier and the interface network address.
  • the acquiring unit 1710 is used to execute the method in S302, and the processing unit 1720 is used to execute the method in S303.
  • the processing unit 1720 is used to execute the method in S303.
  • the upper-layer service further includes an Internet key exchange service
  • the associated information includes a virtual local area network usage rule and an address allocation message for the base station issued by the network manager through the management channel connection, and the address
  • the allocation message includes the management plane network address, the control plane network address, and the user plane network address allocated to the base station by the network manager based on the respective address pools corresponding to the management plane service, the control plane service, and the user plane service;
  • the processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the management plane network address, the control plane network address, and the user plane network address of the base station are determined according to the address allocation message.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S303.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S303.
  • the apparatus 1700 further includes a sending unit 1730:
  • the sending unit 1730 is configured to send a probe request message
  • the processing unit 1720 is further configured to determine that the physical port is in the on state when a response detection notification message is received within a preset time, and determine that the detection notification message is not received within the preset time
  • the physical port is in a falsely opened state, and the negotiation mode and negotiation rate of the physical port are updated;
  • the sending unit 1730 is further configured to continue to send detection request messages according to the updated negotiation mode and negotiation rate until the detection notification message is received.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to determine whether the port is in an open state through a self-detection method.
  • a self-detection method please refer to the description of the relevant content of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the stateless address configuration mechanism is used to automatically generate a global unicast address as the interface network address.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S301.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S301.
  • processing unit 1720 is specifically configured to:
  • the default route includes a destination address and a default route next hop address, and the default route next hop address is the source address of the router advertisement message; or,
  • a source address route is generated.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S301.
  • the processing unit 1720 is configured to execute the method in S301.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another communication device that executes the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application may be a device inside the network management system, or a device that is independent of the network management system and can be connected to the network management system.
  • the function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions, and the modules may be software and/or hardware.
  • the communication device 1702 includes a processing unit 1712 and a sending unit 1722.
  • the processing unit 1712 is used to establish a management channel connection with the base station
  • the sending unit 1722 is configured to deliver the associated information of upper-layer services to the base station through the management channel connection.
  • the upper-layer services include management plane services, control plane services, and user plane services, and the association information is used for the base station Determine the virtual local area network and network address of the upper-layer service.
  • processing unit 1712 is specifically configured to:
  • the management channel connection with the base station is established according to the management plane network address of the opposite end, and the management plane network address of the opposite end is obtained through a dynamic host configuration protocol relay message.
  • the device may also receive the management plane network address of the base station, and send a management channel connection establishment request to the base station, thereby establishing a management channel connection.
  • the device 1702 further includes an obtaining unit 1732, which is configured to receive a request unicast message, where the request unicast message is the router converts the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and conversion Generated, the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the base station The network address of the management plane.
  • the request unicast message is the router converts the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and conversion Generated, the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the base station The network address of the management plane.
  • the device may send the management plane network address of the network manager to the base station, the base station sends a management channel connection establishment request according to the management plane network address of the network manager, and the device establishes a management channel connection according to the management channel connection establishment request.
  • the device 1702 further includes an obtaining unit 1732, which is configured to receive a request unicast message, where the request unicast message is the router converts the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and conversion Generated, the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station.
  • an obtaining unit 1732 which is configured to receive a request unicast message, where the request unicast message is the router converts the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and conversion Generated, the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station.
  • the sending unit 1722 sends a dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message is relayed and converted by the router to obtain a response multicast message.
  • the response multicast message The option field of carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager.
  • the base station serves as the server side
  • the apparatus 1702 further includes an acquiring unit 1732;
  • the acquiring unit 1732 is configured to receive a unicast message, the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station, and the unicast message is a dynamic host configuration protocol relay initiated by the base station.
  • the multicast message of the host configuration protocol is converted or directly generated by the base station;
  • the sending unit 1722 is further configured to send a management channel connection establishment request to the base station according to the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the communication device 1702 may correspond to the method described in the embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and/or functions of the various modules/units of the communication device 1702 are used to implement FIG. 12a, FIG. 13, and FIG. 15.
  • the corresponding flow of each method in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 is not repeated here for the sake of brevity.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a device, which may specifically be a base station.
  • 18A shows a schematic structural diagram of a base station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the base station 1800 includes a processor 1801 and a memory 1802.
  • the memory 1802 is used to store program codes, and the processor 1801 is used to call The program code in the memory executes the communication method provided in FIG. 3 above.
  • processor 1801 is configured to implement the following operations:
  • upper-layer services include management plane services, control plane services, and user plane services;
  • processor 1801 is further configured to implement the following operations:
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the association information includes the correspondence between the upper-layer service and the virtual local area network interface
  • the processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the association information includes virtual local area network usage rules for the base station
  • the processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the network management interacts with the management plane network address of the opposite end;
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • a dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the management plane network address of the base station, so The management plane network address of the base station is the interface network address corresponding to the virtual local area network identifier generated according to the router request message.
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol response group receives the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message that is sent by the network manager when the request unicast message is received, and the response multicast message obtained by the dynamic host configuration protocol relay conversion; the dynamic host configuration protocol response group
  • the option field of the broadcast message carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager.
  • the domain name resolution server address field of the router advertisement message is configured as the management plane network address of the network manager
  • the processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the management channel connection between the base station and the network management is established according to the management plane network address of the network management.
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the management channel connection between the base station and the network management is established based on the preset network address of the management plane of the network management.
  • the preset network address of the management plane of the network manager includes the network address of the management plane of the network manager that is preset when the base station leaves the factory or configured in a near-end connection mode.
  • the processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the service address of the relay is the network address of the management plane of the network management
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the virtual local area network and the network address of the upper-layer service are determined according to the upper-layer service to which the virtual local area network is identified by the virtual local area network identification field, and the pre-generated virtual local area network identifier and the interface network address.
  • the upper-layer service further includes an Internet key exchange service, and the associated information includes the correspondence between the Internet key exchange service and a virtual local area network interface;
  • the processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • processor 1801 is further configured to perform the following operations:
  • the physical port When a response detection notification message is received within the preset time, the physical port is determined to be in the open state, and when the detection notification message is not received within the preset time, the physical port is determined to be in the false open state, and proceed Probing until the detection notification message is received.
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the stateless address configuration mechanism is used to automatically generate a global unicast address as the interface network address.
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • the default route includes a destination address and a default route next hop address, and the default route next hop address is the source address of the router advertisement message.
  • processor 1801 is specifically configured to perform the following operations:
  • a source address route is generated.
  • FIG. 18B shows a schematic structural diagram of a network management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network management system 1820 includes a processor 1821 and a memory 1822.
  • the memory 1822 is used to store program codes, and the processor 1821 is used to call The program code in the memory executes the communication methods provided in FIG. 12a, FIG. 13, FIG. 15, and FIG. 16.
  • processor 1821 is configured to implement the following operations:
  • the upper-layer services include management plane services, control-plane services, and user-plane services.
  • the associated information is used by the base station to determine the virtual local area network and network addresses of the upper-layer services.
  • processor 1821 is specifically configured to implement the following operations:
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol is used to relay and convert to unicast packets and the base station interacts with the management plane network address of the opposite end;
  • the management channel connection can be automatically established, and the labor cost can be reduced.
  • the network manager may receive a notification from the base station to obtain the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the processor 1821 is specifically configured to implement the following operations:
  • a request unicast message is received, where the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface.
  • the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station and the management plane network address of the base station. In this way, the base station notifies the network manager of the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the network manager may notify the base station of the management plane network address of the network manager.
  • the processor 1821 is specifically configured to implement the following operations:
  • the request unicast message is generated by the router converting the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message through the dynamic host configuration protocol relay.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message is sent by the base station for each virtual local area network interface, and the option field of the dynamic host configuration protocol request multicast message carries the base station identifier of the base station.
  • the dynamic host configuration protocol response unicast message is relayed and converted by the router to obtain the response multicast message.
  • the option field of the response multicast message carries the network address of the management plane of the network manager. In this way, the network manager notifies the base station of the management plane network address of the network manager.
  • the base station serves as the server side.
  • the processor 1821 is specifically configured to implement the following operations:
  • the option field of the unicast message carries the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the unicast message is obtained by the base station starting the dynamic host configuration protocol relay and converting the multicast message based on the dynamic host configuration protocol or directly generated by the base station.
  • the network manager sends a management channel connection establishment request to the base station according to the management plane network address of the base station.
  • the base station transmission can be free of planning.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an apparatus 1900.
  • the structure and functions of the apparatus 1900 will be described in detail below in conjunction with a schematic block diagram of the apparatus 1900, that is, FIG. 19.
  • the device may include at least one processor 1901 and an interface circuit 1902.
  • the device 1900 can be made to implement the communication provided by the method embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 16 method.
  • the interface circuit 1902 can be used to receive program instructions and transmit them to the processor, or the interface circuit 1902 can be used to communicate and interact between the apparatus 1900 and other communication devices, such as interactive control signaling and/or service data.
  • the interface circuit 1902 may be a code and/or data read/write interface circuit, or the interface circuit 1902 may be a signal transmission interface circuit between the communication processor and the transceiver.
  • the device 1900 may further include at least one memory 1903, and the memory 1903 may be used to store required related program instructions and/or data.
  • the device 1900 may further include a power supply circuit 1904, and the power supply circuit 1904 may be used to supply power to the processor 1901.
  • the power supply circuit 1904 and the processor 1901 may be located in the same chip, or located where the processor 1901 is located. In another chip outside of the chip.
  • the device 1900 may further include a bus 1905, and various parts of the device 1900 may be interconnected through the bus 1905.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP), and application-specific integrated circuits. (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • static random access memory static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Access memory synchronous DRAM, SDRAM
  • double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM
  • enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM
  • synchronous connection dynamic random access memory Take memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM).
  • the power supply circuit described in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: a power supply line, a power supply subsystem, a power management chip, a power management processor, or a power management control circuit.
  • the transceiver device, or the interface circuit, or the transceiver described in the embodiments of the present application may include a separate transmitter, and/or a separate receiver, or the transmitter and the receiver may be integrated.
  • the transceiver, the interface circuit, or the transceiver can work under the instruction of the corresponding processor.
  • the transmitter may correspond to the transmitter in the physical device
  • the receiver may correspond to the receiver in the physical device.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code, and the program code is used to execute the communication method described in the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product containing computer-readable instructions, which when the computer-readable instructions are run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the communication methods described in the foregoing aspects.
  • the disclosed device and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A, only B, and both A and B , Where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • the following at least one item (a) or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • At least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种通信方法，该方法中，基站可以接收路由器通告报文，根据该路由器通告报文进行自学习生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由，然后获取上层业务的关联信息，该关联信息可以表征TCP/IP分层中网络层之上管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务等上层业务与数据链路层虚拟局域网的关联关系基于关联信息中的上述关联关系，以及预先生成的虚拟局域网标识和接口网络地址可以自动确定上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址，从而实现基站传输免规划和自动配置，提高配置效率，降低配置成本。

Description

一种通信方法、装置、设备、系统及介质
本申请要求于2019年09月27日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910925492.8、发明名称为“一种基站配置方法、装置、设备及介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法、装置、设备及计算机可读存储介质、计算机程序产品。
背景技术
在移动通信领域，运营商通过组网技术构建网络，并基于该网络为用户提供网络服务。以基于互联协议的无线接入网(Internet Protocol Radio Acess Network，IPRAN)为例，由于每个基站传输的管理面(Management Plane，MP)本端IP、控制面(Control Plane，CP)本端IP、用户面(User Plane，UP)本端IP、因特网密钥交换(Internet Key Exchange，IKE)本端IP等是不同的，另外，由于传输承载网的差异，每个基站传输侧的虚拟局域网(Virtual Local Area Network，VLAN)、接口IP、路由也不同，所以客户需要针对每个基站进行逐站规划和逐站配置，时间成本和人力成本较高。
传输承载网传输调整时，基站传输也必须重新规划调整，除了MP相关参数可以通过动态主机配置协议(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，DHCP)自动配置，其他参数仍需要人工配置。
基于此，基于提供一种能够自适应配置基站的方法，以提高配置效率，降低配置成本。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请提供了一种通信方法、装置、设备、系统、计算机可读存储介质以及计算机程序产品，能够在传输网配置完成后通过自适应方式实现基站传输自动配置，以免除基站传输规划和网管逐站配置，提高了配置效率，降低了配置成本。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种通信方法，在该方法中，基站接收路由器通告(Router Advertisement，RA)报文，根据路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识(Virtual Local Area Network ID，VLAN ID)、接口网络地址(Interface IP)和路由，接着获取上层业务的关联信息，根据该关联信息确定上层业务的VLAN及IP。其中，上层业务具体是指根据传输控制/网际协议(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol，TCP/IP)分层的网络层(即L3层)之上的业务，包括MP业务、CP业务和UP业务，在有些情况下，如安全场景下，上层业务还可以包括IKE业务。
可以理解，该方法由基站传输侧根据接收到的RA报文以及获取的关联信息进行自学习生成传输相关参数，实现基站传输免规划，并且配置人员无需逐站配置传输，提高了配 置效率，降低了配置人工成本和时间成本。此外，该方法还实现了传输网与基站传输解耦以及施工与传输网解耦，即传输网改造时基站能够自适应，施工人员在进行基站配置时，也无需关注基站连接的传输网端口。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第一种实现方式中，基站可以建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，如此，网管可以通过该管理通道连接向基站下发上层业务的关联信息，从而指示基站根据该关联信息进行上层业务配置。
上述关联信息具体可以是针对所述基站的VLAN用途规则，其中，VLAN用途可以理解为VLAN适用的业务，VLAN用途规则指示了如何划分VLAN用途，例如，可以根据VLAN ID的大小或者VLAN ID的最后一位划分VLAN用途，如此，基站可以根据上述VLAN用途规则以及预先生成的VLAN ID识别各VLAN ID所标识VLAN的用途，如适用于哪个或哪些上层业务，如此，基站可以先确定上层业务的VLAN，然后基站可以根据预先生成的VLAN ID和Interface IP之间的对应关系，将上层业务的VLAN的VLAN ID所对应的Interface IP确定为上层业务的IP。
当然，上述关联信息还可以包括上层业务和虚拟局域网接口VLAN Interface的对应关系，例如，MP业务对应VLAN Interface1，CP业务对应VLAN Interface2，UP业务对应VLAN Interface3，如此，基站可以先根据针对基站的VLAN用途规则以及预先生成的VLAN标识确定上层业务的VLAN，例如，VLAN用途规则指示按照VLAN ID由小至大的顺序依次确定MP业务、CP业务、UP业务的VLAN，根据RA报文生成的VLAN ID包括100、200、300，则基站可以基于上述信息确定MP业务的VLAN为100所标识的VLAN，CP业务的VLAN为200所标识的VLAN，UP业务的VLAN为300所标识的VLAN，接着，基于上层业务的VLAN和上层业务与VLAN Interface的对应关系，可以确定上层业务的VLAN所对应的VLAN Interface，将该VLAN Interface上预先生成的Interface IP确定为所述上层业务的IP，以MP业务为例，其对应于VLAN Interface1和100所标识的VLAN，因此，基站可以VLAN Interface1上自动生成的IP确定为MP业务的IP，CP业务、UP业务等其他上层业务的IP可以依此类推，在此不再赘述。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第二种实现方式中，可以通过即插即用(Plug and Play，PnP)方式进行开站，在此种情形下，由于基站和网管相互不感知MP IP，因此，基站和网管可以通过发送DHCP组播报文，并由路由器进行动态主机配置协议(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，DHCP)中继，将组播报文转换为单播报文，从而交互对端的MP IP，如此，基站可以根据所述对端的MP IP建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第三种实现方式中，基站和网管通过DHCP中继方式交互MP IP时，可以是基站向网管通知基站MP IP，也可以是网管向基站通知网管MP IP。
具体地，基站可以将根据所述RA报文生成的Interface IP作为临时的MP IP携带在DHCP请求组播报文中，然后针对每个VLAN Interface发送对应的DHCP请求组播报文，以使路由器将所述DHCP请求组播报文通过DHCP Relay转换为请求单播报文，并向网管发送所述请求单播报文，从而实现基站向网管通知基站MP IP。在实际应用时基站可以在DHCP请求组播报文的选项字段(即Option)中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的MP IP。
当然，基站也可以发送DHCP请求组播报文，等待网管发送的响应报文中，从所述响应报文中获知网管的MP IP。具体地，基站可以针对每个VLAN Interface发送DHCP请求组播报文，以使路由器将所述DHCP请求组播报文通过DHCP Relay转换为请求单播报文，并向所述网管发送所述请求单播报文，其中，所述DHCP请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识，网管接收到DHCP请求组播报文通过DHCP Relay转换的单播报文时，生成DHCP响应单播报文，该响应单播报文的选项字段中携带网管的MP IP，然后网管发送该响应单播报文，通过路由器进行DHCP Relay转换为响应组播报文发送至基站，如此实现了网管向基站通知网管MP IP。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第四种实现方式中，还可以将网管配置为域名解析服务器(Domain Name System Server，DNS Server)，如此，网管的MP IP配置为DNS Server地址，即RA报文中DNS Server地址字段被配置为网管的MP IP时，基站可以通过访问DNS Server的方式获取网管的MP IP，然后根据网管的MP IP建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第五种实现方式中，基站还可以基于预置的网管的MP IP建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第六种实现方式中，所述预置的管理面的网络地址具体可以是在所述基站出厂时预置的网管的管理面网络地址；或者，以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。其中，近端连接方式具体可以包括插入通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)闪存盘、记忆卡或者蓝牙、WiFi等。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第七种实现方式中，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器，网管作为客户端，客户端不知晓服务器端的MP IP情况下，基站可以启动DHCP Relay，所述DHCP Relay的服务地址为网管的MP IP，然后发送基于DHCP的组播报文，通过DHCP Relay将所述组播报文转换为单播报文，以使所述网管根据所述单播报文的选项字段中携带的所述基站的MP IP发起管理通道连接建立请求，基站响应于所述管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。在一些实施例中，基站作为服务器，网管作为客户端，基站也可以直接向网管发送基于DHCP的请求单播报文，而不必通过DHCP Relay进行中继。其中，该请求单播报文的选项字段中携带基站的标识和基站的MP IP。如此客户端可以获知服务器端的MP IP，作为客户端的网管可以根据服务器端的MP IP发起管理通道连接建立请求，作为服务器的基站响应于所述管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第八种实现方式中，基站连接的交换机或路由器可以发布消息向基站通知VLAN用途，例如，用户可在基站连接的交换机或路由器上配置链路层发现协议(Link Layer Discovery Protocol，LLDP)报文，该LLDP报文中包括VLAN ID字段和业务字段，其中，业务字段可以通过在虚拟局域网名称VLAN Name字段或自定义字段中填充业务生成，如此，基站还可以接收上述LLDP报文，根据LLDP报文中的VLAN ID字段和业务字段确定上层业务的关联信息，该关联信息具体可以为VLAN ID字段标识的VLAN适用的上层业务，如此，基站可以根据VLAN ID字段标识的VLAN适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述VLAN ID和所述Interface IP确定所述上层业务的VLAN及IP。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第九种实现方式中，在安全场景下，上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换(Internet key exchange，IKE)业务，对应地，所述关联信息包括所述网管通过所述管理通道连接下发的针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及地址分配消息，其中，地址分配消息包括基站的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址和用户面网络地址，该地址具体是网管基于MP业务、CP业务和UP业务各自对应的地址池为基站分配的，如此，基站可以先根据针对基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及预先生成的VLAN ID和Interface IP确定IKE业务的VLAN和IP，然后根据地址分配消息确定MP IP、CP IP和UP IP。上述MP IP、CP IP和UP IP被封装在内层，不同基站的MP IP、CP IP和UP IP可以位于同一网段，因此，针对网管下挂载的多个基站仅配置一次地址池即可，无需逐站配置，提高了配置效率，降低了配置成本。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第十种实现方式中，考虑到物理端口可能出现假开启(即假UP，具体为本地UP、对端DOWN)的情况，基站还可以通过自检测方式先确定其物理端口是否为假UP状态。具体地，基站可以通过发送探测请求报文如邻居请求(Neighbour Solicitation，NS)报文或者路由器请求(Router Solicitation，RS)报文，等待响应的探测通告报文如邻居通告(Neighbour Advertisement，NA)报文或RA报文以确定物理端口是否假UP。
若接收到探测通告报文，则表明基站的物理端口不是假UP，基站可以停止探测，若未接收到探测通告报文，则表明端口当前处于假UP状态，基站可以更新所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率，然后继续进行探测，直至接收到探测通告报文。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第十一种实现方式中，基站可以根据所述物理端口接收的所述RA报文的VLAN ID自动生成VLAN ID，接着基站根据所述RA报文的网络地址前缀IP/Prefix自动生成全球单播地址作为Interface IP。在具体实现时，基站可以利用无状态地址配置机制或者其他地址配置机制自动生成Interface IP。
在本申请实施例第一方面的第十二种实现方式中，基站可以通过如下两种方案中的任意一种生成路由，一种方案为，针对每个VLAN接口配置不同的虚拟路由转发域(Virtual Routing Forwarding，VRF)进行隔离，并针对每个VRF分别生成缺省路由，具体地，基站可以根据所述RA报文的VLAN标识或接收所述RA报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的VRF，针对每个所述VRF分别生成缺省路由，在有些情况下缺省路由也称为默认路由，具体是指路由表中与包的目的地址之间没有匹配的表项时能够做出的路由选择，基于此，缺省路由的目的地址可以设置为：：0/0以便能够与任意目的地址匹配成功，缺省路由下一跳地址可以设置为所述RA报文的源地址；另一种方案为，采用源地址代替目的地址进行路由选择，具体地，基站以针对所述虚拟局域网接口自动生成的Interface IP为源地址，所述RA报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种通信方法。该方法具体可以由网管执行。具体地，网管建立与基站的管理通道连接，然后通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息。其中，上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，关联信息用于基站确定上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
网管通过向基站提供关联信息，使得基站进行自学习生成传输相关参数，实现基站传 输免规划，并且配置人员无需逐站配置传输，提高了配置效率，降低了配置人工成本和时间成本。
在本申请实施例第二方面的第一种实现方式中，网管可以通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和基站交互对端的管理面网络地址，然后根据所述对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接。通过该方法可以自动建立管理通道连接，降低人力成本。
具体地，基站可以向网管通知基站的管理面网络地址，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，也可以是网管向基站通知网管的管理面网络地址，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
在一些实施例中，网管可以接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。如此实现了基站向网管通知基站的管理面网络地址。
在另一些实施例中，网管可以接收请求单播报文。所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识。然后网管发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文。所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文。所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。如此实现了网管向基站通知网管的管理面网络地址。
在本申请实施例第二方面的第二种实现方式中，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，网管还可以接收单播报文。所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址。所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成。然后网管根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。通过自动建立管理通道连接，可以实现基站传输免规划。
本申请实施例第三方面提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括获取单元和处理单元。其中，获取单元用于接收路由器通告报文，处理单元用于根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由。获取单元还用于获取上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务。处理单元还用于根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
在一个示例中，所述处理单元还用于建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；如此，获取单元可以根据所述管理通道连接从所述网管获取上层业务的关联信息。
其中，获取单元从网管获取的上述关联信息也可以是针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则；如此，处理单元可以根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
当然，获取单元从网管获取的上述关联信息还可以包括上层业务与与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，如此，处理单元可以根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及预先生成 的所述虚拟局域网标识确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网，根据所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网对应的虚拟局域网接口，将所述虚拟局域网接口上预先生成的接口网络地址确定为所述上层业务的网络地址。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第一种实现方式中，处理单元可以根据对端的管理面网络地址，建立管理通道连接。其中，对端的管理面网络地址可以通过对报文进行DHCP Relay得到。
需要说明的是，该装置还可以包括发送单元，该发送单元可以主动向网管发送本端的管理面网络地址，即由基站向网管通知基站的MP IP，也可以由获取单元接收网管发送的网管的管理面网络地址，即由网管向基站通知网管的MP IP。
在一个示例中，发送单元可以针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述基站的管理面网络地址为根据所述路由器请求报文生成的对应所述虚拟局域网标识的所述接口网络地址，从而实现基站向网管通知基站的MP IP。
在另一个示例中，发送单元可以针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识；获取单元接收所述网管在接收到所述请求单播报文时发送的动态主机配置协议响应单播报文经所述动态主机配置协议中继转换得到的响应组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址，从而实现网管向基站通知网管的MP IP。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第二种实现方式中，所述路由器通告报文的域名解析服务器地址字段可以被配置为所述网管的管理面网络地址；如此，获取单元可以访问域名解析服务器以获取所述网管的管理面网络地址，处理单元根据所述网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第三种实现方式中，所述处理单元可以基于预置的网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。其中，预置的管理面的网络地址包括在所述基站出厂时预置的或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第四种实现方式中，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，还可以通过基站自身进行DHCP Relay的方式，向网管通知基站的管理面网络地址，从而建立管理通道连接。
具体地，处理单元可以启动动态主机配置协议中继，所述中继的服务地址为网管的管理面网络地址，然后发送单元用于发送基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文，处理单元通过所述动态主机配置协议中继将所述组播报文转换为单播报文。单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址。网管可以根据基站的管理面网络地址发起管理通道连接建立请求，获取单元用于接收来自于网管的管理通道连接建立请求，处理单元用于根据管理通道连接建立请求建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
在一些实施例中，发送单元也可以直接向网管发送基于DHCP的单播报文，而不必通过DHCP Relay进行中继。其中，该请求单播报文的选项字段中携带基站的标识和基站的MP IP。如此客户端可以获知服务器端的MP IP，作为客户端的网管可以根据服务器端的 MP IP发起管理通道连接建立请求，获取单元接收管理通道连接建立请求，处理单元根据所述管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第四种实现方式中，获取单元也可以从路由器获取上述关联信息。具体地，获取单元可以接收链路层发现协议报文，根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段获得上层业务的关联信息，所述关联信息包括所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务；接着处理单元可以根据所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第五种实现方式中，所述上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换业务，所述关联信息包括所述网管通过所述管理通道连接下发的针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及地址分配消息，其中，地址分配消息包括所述网管基于管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务各自对应的地址池为所述基站分配的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址和用户面网络地址；如此，处理单元可以根据所述针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述因特网密钥交换业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址，根据所述地址分配消息确定所述基站的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址及用户面业网络地址。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第六种实现方式中，所述装置还包括发送单元，该发送单元用于发送探测请求报文；处理单元还用于在预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则确定物理端口处于开启状态，在预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假开启状态，更新所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率。发送单元用于根据更新后的协商模式和协商速率继续发送探测请求报文，直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第七种实现方式中，处理单元可以根据通过物理端口接收到所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识自动生成虚拟局域网标识，然后根据所述路由器通告报文携带的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。
在本申请实施例第三方面的第八种实现方式中，处理单元可以根据所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识或接收所述路由器通告报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的虚拟路由转发域，针对每个所述虚拟路由转发域分别生成缺省路由，所述缺省路由包括目的地址和缺省路由下一跳地址，所述缺省路由下一跳地址为所述路由器通告报文的源地址。当然，处理单元也可以针对虚拟局域网接口自动生成的所述接口网络地址为源地址，所述路由器通告报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
需要说明的是，第三方面提供的该装置，对应于第一方面提供的方法，故第三方面提供的装置的各种可能的实现方式以及达到的技术效果，可以参照前述第一方面提供的方法的介绍。
本申请实施例第四方面提供了一种通信装置。所述装置包括：处理单元和发送单元。
处理单元，用于建立与基站的管理通道连接；
发送单元，用于通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，所述关联信息用于所述基站确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
在本申请实施例第四方面的第一种实现方式中，所述处理单元用于：
根据对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接，所述对端的管理面网络地址通过动态主机配置协议中继报文得到。
在一些实施例中，该装置还可以接收基站的管理面网络地址，向基站发送管理通道连接建立请求，从而建立管理通道连接。
具体地，该装置还包括获取单元，用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。
在另一些实施例中，该装置可以向基站发送网管的管理面网络地址，由基站根据网管的管理面网络地址发送管理通道连接建立请求，该装置根据该管理通道连接建立请求建立管理通道连接。
具体地，该装置还包括获取单元，用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识。
然后，发送单元还用于发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文，所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文，所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
在本申请实施例第四方面的第二种实现方式中，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，所述装置还包括：
获取单元，用于接收单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成；
所述发送单元，还用于根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。
需要说明的是，第四方面提供的该装置，对应于第二方面提供的方法，故第四方面提供的装置的各种可能的实现方式以及达到的技术效果，可以参照前述第二方面提供的方法的介绍。
本申请实施例第五方面提供了一种基站，基站包括处理器和存储器：
所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行本申请实施例第一方面所述的通信方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第六方面提供了一种网管，网管包括处理器和存储器：
所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行本申请实施例第二方面所述的通信方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第七方面提供了一种系统，所述系统包括基站和网管。
所述基站用于执行如本申请实施例第一方面所述的通信方法及其任一设计；
所述网管用于执行如本申请实施例第二方面所述的通信方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第八方面提供了一种电子装置，该电子装置可以包括：至少一个处理器和接口电路，涉及的程序指令在该至少一个处理器中执行，以使得该电子装置实现第一方面及其任一设计。该电子装置可以是第一方面或第二方面的方法及其任一设计中的终端设备或网络设备或者是其中的芯片。可选的，该电子装置还可以包括至少一个存储器，该存储器存储有涉及的程序指令。
本申请实施例第九方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以应用在电子装置中，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有涉及的程序指令，涉及的程序指令运行时，以使得该电子装置实现本申请实施例第一方面的方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第十方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以应用在电子装置中，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有涉及的程序指令，涉及的程序指令运行时，以使得该电子装置实现本申请实施例第二方面的方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第十一方面提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置用于执行本申请实施例第一方面或第二方面所述的方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第十二方面提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，该处理器和与存储器耦合，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以执行本申请实施例第一方面或第二方面所述的方法及其任一设计。
本申请实施例第十三方面提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器和存储器。其中，存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于从所述存储器中调用并运行所述计算机程序，以执行本申请实施例第一方面或第二方面所述的方法及其任一设计。
本申请第十四方面提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包含涉及的程序指令，涉及的程序指令被执行时，以实现第一方面或第二方面的方法及其任一设计。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1a和图1b为本申请实施例中一种通信方法的系统架构图；
图2为本申请实施例中基站传输侧的网络结构图；
图3为本申请实施例中一种通信方法的流程图；
图4a和图4b为本申请实施例采用不同VLAN隔离和相同VLAN隔离的场景示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中通过用途模板进行上层业务配置的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中基于RA报文生成接口IP的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中基于RA报文的源地址生成缺省路由的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中基于LLDP报文确定上层业务VLAN/IP的示意图；
图9a至图9c为本申请实施例中非安全场景下MP、CP、UP使用单独VLAN/IP或共用VLAN/IP的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中网管基于地址池分配MP IP、CP IP和UP IP的示意图；
图11a至图11c为本申请实施例中安全场景下MP、CP、UP使用单独VLAN/IP或共用VLAN/IP的示意图；
图12a和图12b分别为本申请实施例中建立管理通道连接的信令流程图和方法流程图；
图13为本申请实施例中建立管理通道连接的信令流程图；
图14为本申请实施例中基于DNS Server建立管理通道连接的示意图；
图15为本申请实施例中建立管理通道连接的信令流程图；
图16为本申请实施例中建立管理通道连接的信令流程图；
图17A为本申请实施例中通信装置的一个结构示意图；
图17B为本申请实施例中通信装置的一个结构示意图；
图18A为本申请实施例中基站的一个结构示意图；
图18B为本申请实施例中网管的一个结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例中电子装置的一个结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，用于解决基站新建站、传输网改造或者基站扩容等场景下，需要人工规划、逐站配置的问题，其通过接收的RA报文进行自学习生成VLAN ID、Interface IP以及路由，接着获取上层业务的关联信息，根据关联信息确定所述上层业务的VLAN及IP，如此实现基站传输免规划和自动配置，提高了基站配置效率，降低了配置人力成本以及配置时间成本。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本申请实施例可应用于如图1a或图1b所示的网络架构，其中，图1a为非安全场景下的网络架构，图1b为安全场景下的网络架构，所谓安全场景和非安全场景的主要区别在于是否部署网络互连安全(IP Security，IPSec)协议实现安全通信，如图1a所示，基站通过 路由器Router连接至接入网(也称作接入层)，然后再通过路由器连接至核心网(也称作核心层)，核心层中至少包括网管，如此，基站可以通过与路由器和网管交互实现基站传输自适应配置。
如图1b所示，接入网和核心网之间包括安全网关seGW，通过安全网关将核心网确定为可信任trust，将接入网确定为不信任unTrust，基站包括内层地址和外层地址，其中，内层地址具体为配置在本地环回接口Loopback_1的MP IP、Loopback_2的UP IP以及Loopback_3的CP IP，外层地址包括IKE IP，基站还通过路由器分别连接公共动态地址分配服务器Public DHCP Server和认证授权机构CA，然后通过DHCP组播报文的方式与上述Public DHCP Server和CA交互，从而获得seGW的IP以及网管的MP IP，基站根据自动生成的Interface IP确定IKE本端IP，根据IKE IP和seGW的IP创建IKE连接，建立基站和seGW的安全通道，即基站与seGW的虚拟专用网络(Virtual Private Network，vpn)，然后基站通过与seGW的上述安全通道向网管请求上层业务的IP，网管在对应的业务地址池中分配MP IP、CP IP和UP IP，并将其返回基站，从而实现基站传输自适应配置。
可以理解的是，图1a和图1b是以第四代移动通信系统4G以及第五代移动通信系统进行示例说明，在图1a和图1b中，基站具体可以是eNB或gNB，其包括基站收发台(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，在4G网络中，核心网还包括移动管理实体(Mobile Managenment Entity，MME)和服务网关(Serving Gateway，SGW)，路由器还与MME和SGW连接，实现网络管理，在5G网络中上述MME的功能被分解到访问和移动性管理功能实体(Access and Mobility Management Function，AMF)，SGW被用户面功能实体(User Plane Function，UPF)所替代。在实际应用时，本申请实施例提供的通信方法也可以应用于其他通信系统中。
还需要说明的是，图1a和图1b是以第六版IP协议IPv6组网进行示例说明，在实际应用时，上述通信方法可以应用于任意支持无状态地址配置机制的网络。当然，其他地址配置机制能够实现地址自动配置时，上述通信方法也可以应用于支持其他地址配置机制的网络。
在进行基站配置时，可以将基站传输相关参数范围内为两部分，一部分为基站内部配置，具体包括服务质量(Quality of Service，Qos)、包过滤等，其无需和其他设备协商对接，可由基站内部自动生成，在此不再赘述，另一部分则是需要和其他设备对接协商生成，本申请重点对需要和其他设备对接协商生成的参数进行详细介绍。
具体请参见图2，基站传输侧包括物理层PHY、数据链路层Data-Link、网络层Network和传输层Transport，其中，物理层包括物理端口，如以太网口ETHPORT，数据链路层包括VLAN，当然在有些情况下还包括其他端口，如TRUNK，网络层包括IP地址(如IPv6Address)、路由(如IPv6Route)、IPSec、Qos、Interface和PacketFilter，传输层包括MP、CP和UP等业务网元，当然在有些情况下还包括其他业务网元如IKE，每个业务网元包括本端IP和对端IP，即Local IP和Peer IP，无线网络控制器(Radio Network Controller，RNC)、基站控制器(Base Station Controller，BSC)以及核心网与基站的控制面CP、用户面UP还建立有通道连接，如S1、X2、NG、Xn与CP、UP连接。
其中，Qos、Interface和PacketFilter由基站自行处理；一个网管下挂载多个基站，也即多个基站对应网管地址是同一个，因此，MP Peer IP无需规划；S1、NG对端核心网是同一 个，X2和Xn的控制面对端地址可以通过信令报文学习到，因此，CP Peer IP无需规划；S1、X2、NG、Xn的用户面对端地址是通过信令报文学习到的，因此，UP Peer IP无需规划。
由此可见，传输相关需要自动生成的参数包括：ETHPORT、VLAN、接口IP、路由以及MP Local IP、CP Local IP和UP Local IP。其中，接口IP、MP Local IP、CP Local IP和UP Local IP均可以采用前缀表示法进行表示，即表示为IP/Prefix。需要说明的是，在安全场景下，传输相关需要自动生成的参数还包括IKE Local IP。
为便于理解，下面对本申请实施例的具体流程进行描述，本申请实施例及后续实施例中，请参阅图3，本申请实施例中通信方法的一个实施例包括：
S301：接收路由器通告报文，根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由。
对于基站而言，BTS之间的VLAN存在两种场景，一种场景为不同BTS使用不同的VLAN隔离，如图4a所示，三个BTS分别采用VLAN1、2、3和VLAN4、5、6以及VLAN7、8、9隔离，另一种场景为不同BTS，使用相同VLAN隔离，参见图4b，三个BTS均采用VLAN1、2、3进行隔离。
针对BTS之间采用相同VLAN隔离场景，基站可以直接在通用配置里配置接口Interface，并指定其VLAN ID。针对BTS之间采用不同VLAN隔离场景，基站可以通过学习RA报文自动生成VLAN ID。
具体地，接口Interface承载在ETH、TRUNK之上，可以配置成VLAN接口，包含VLAN ID属性。当VLAN接口的VLAN ID参数标识自动生成虚拟局域网标识时，例如，VLAN ID参数设置为无效值，即合法取值范围1～4094以外的值时，基站可以根据所述物理端口接收所述RA报文的VLAN ID自动生成VLAN ID。
在后续接收到网管下发的上层业务的关联信息，该关联信息具体包括针对基站的VLAN用途规则时，基站还可以根据VLAN用途规则和自动生成的上述VLAN ID确定各业务对应的VLAN ID。其中，VLAN用途规则具体为用户在所述网管设置的针对所述基站的VLAN规划规则，该规划规则具体包括VLAN与业务的对应关系，传输网的VLAN划分配置按照基站VLAN用途规则进行。
作为本申请的一个示例，用户可以通过配置VLAN ID的大小或者VLAN ID的最后一位与业务的对应关系，作为VLAN用途规则。如此，基站可以通过VLAN ID大小或者VLAN ID最后一位识别VLAN用途是MP用途、CP用途还是UP用途。参见图5，用户在VLAN用途模板中配置VLAN用途规则，具体为MP为高、CP为低、UP为低，也即VLAN ID中数值较小的VLAN作为CP、UP业务的VLAN，VLAN ID中数值较大的VLAN作为MP业务的VLAN。在一些实现方式中，用户也可以直接针对VLAN接口配置VLAN大小规则。该VLAN大小规则实质上也属于一种VLAN用途规则。具体地，每个VLAN接口的VLAN大小规则对应的字段值为一个数字，这个数字的大小关系与VLAN ID大小关系一致，基于该大小关系可以实现VLAN配置。
例如，VLAN Interface 1的VLAN大小规则对应的字段值为30，VLAN Interface 2的VLAN大小规则对应的字段值为20，当生成VLAN的VLAN ID为200和300时，则根据上述 对应关系，将VLAN Interface 1的VLAN配置为VLAN ID为300的VLAN，VLAN Interface 2的VLAN配置为VLAN ID为200的VLAN。上层业务引用VLAN Interface，例如，MP业务引用VLAN Interface 1，故MP业务的VLAN可以配置为VLAN ID为300的VLAN。CP业务、UP业务的VLAN配置可以参见MP业务的VLAN配置，在此不再赘述。
考虑到路由器发布RA是根据VLAN接口发送的，基站接收RA报文也是在对应VLAN接口上接收的，如此，基站可以根据VLAN接口上接收到所述RA报文携带的网络地址前缀自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。具体地，在进行IPV6组网等场景中，基站可以利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成接口网络地址。
作为一个示例，请参见图6，Router基于VLAN接口发送RA报文，该RA报文中还携带有IP前缀，例如，基于VLAN ID为1的VLAN接口发送的RA报文，其前缀为2001：：/64，基于VLAN ID为2的VLAN接口发送的RA报文，其前缀为2002：：/64，基于VLAN ID为3的VLAN接口发送的RA报文，其前缀为2003：：/64，如此，基站在通过上述VLAN接口接收RA报文时，可以根据各自RA报文携带的前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口IP。
接着，基站可以根据通过所述物理端口接收的RA报文自动生成路由，考虑到基站在不同的物理端口或者不同的VLAN接口上接收的RA报文可能存在路由冲突问题，本申请提供了两种路由生成方式以解决路由冲突问题。一种方式是针对不同物理端口或者VLAN接口分别确定对应的VRF，针对每个VRF分别生成缺省路由，另一种方式是以VLAN接口上自动生成的Interface IP作为源地址生成源地址路由，通过源地址路由策略进行路由。
在具体实现时，基站可以根据RA报文的VLAN ID或者接收RA报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的VRF，然后针对每个VRF，将RA报文的源地址作为缺省路由下一跳地址，由于缺省路由可以匹配任意目的地址，因此可以将：：0/0作为目的地址，根据该目的地址和所述缺省路由下一跳地址生成缺省路由。
为了便于理解，结合具体示例进行说明。如图7所示，基站的以太网口ETHPORT上配置有3个VLAN接口，其对应的VLAN ID分别为1、2、3，基站在接收到RA报文时，根据RA报文的VLAN ID确定出三个VRF，即VRF1、2、3，接着基站针对每个VRF，分别将其RA报文的源地址作为缺省路由下一跳地址，根据目的地址：：0/0和缺省路由下一跳地址生成各自VRF对应的缺省路由。
当然，基站也可以采用源地址路由策略，具体地，基站以针对VLAN接口自动生成的接口网络地址为源地址，以RA报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，根据所述源地址和所述源地址路由下一跳地址生成源地址路由。
在一些可能的实现方式中，基站也可以根据上述RA报文生成VLAN ID、Interface IP和路由中的任意一个或多个，例如，基站可以根据上述RA报文生成Interface IP，根据其他机制生成VLAN ID和路由。
S302：获取上层业务的关联信息。
具体地，上层业务的关联信息是指与上层业务相关的信息，具体可以是上层业务与数据链路层(即L2层)VLAN之间的关联关系，其中，上层业务与L2层VLAN之间的关联关系包括直接关联关系和间接关联关系，该直接关联关系可以是上层业务与VLAN ID的一 一对应关系，该间接关联关系可以是上层业务与VLAN ID的映射规则。在具体实现时，基站可以从网管获取上述关联信息，也可以从路由器获取上述关联信息。需要说明的是，在从网管获取上述关联信息时，需要先建立基站和网管的管理通道连接。
在实际应用时，可以将基站和网管中的一方作为服务器端，另一方作为客户端，客户端知晓服务器端的MP IP即可建立二者之间的管理通道连接。其中，客户端知晓服务器端的MP IP可以是服务器端通过广播等形式通知客户端，也可以是客户端预置服务器端的MP IP，下文将结合具体实施例进行详细说明。
S303：根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
所述上层业务包括MP业务、CP业务和UP业务。在实际应用时，基站可以根据上述关联信息以及根据RA报文预先生成的VLAN ID先确定出MP、CP、UP等上层业务的VLAN，然后再基于VLAN ID和Interface IP之间一一对应关系确定上层业务的IP。下面将对不同场景下确定上层业务的VLAN和IP的具体实现方式进行详细说明。
可以理解，在非安全场景下，关联信息可以是网管通过上述管理通道连接下发的针对基站的VLAN用途规则，请参见图5，VLAN用途规则具体是VLAN用途模板中划分VLAN的规则，在该示例中VLAN用途规则为“MP:高，CP:低，UP：低”，也即将VLAN ID数值较小的VLAN用作CP、UP的VLAN，将VLAN ID数值较大的VLAN用作MP的VLAN，如此，可以根据预先生成VLAN ID的大小确定各上层业务的VLAN，在实际应用时，基站还可以将VLAN Interface上VLAN ID参数由无效值更新为上层业务的VLAN对应的VLAN ID。而预先生成的VLAN ID和Interface IP可以是一一对应的，因此，可以将上述各上层业务VLAN的VLAN ID所对应的Interface IP确定为各上层业务的IP。
当然，关联信息还可以包括上层业务与VLAN Interface的对应关系，，参见图5，针对UP业务，配置信息中配置有interface ID＝2，表明UP业务与Interface 2对应，如此，基站在根据VLAN用途规则确定各上层业务的VLAN后，还可以结合上层业务与VLAN Interface的对应关系，确定各上层业务的VLAN所对应的VLAN Interface，将该VLAN Interface上自动生成的Interface IP确定为上层业务的IP。
需要说明的是，上层业务和VLAN Interface的对应关系可以根据实际需求选择是否配置，在根据VLAN用途规则确定上层业务的VLAN/IP时，无需额外配置上述上层业务与VLAN Interface的关系，如此可以减少配置工作量，降低配置成本。
在非安全场景下，用户还可以在基站连接的交换机或路由器上配置LLDP，该LLDP报文中包括VLAN ID字段和业务字段，其中，业务字段可以通过在VLAN Name字段或自定义字段中填充业务生成，其中，业务字段中的业务表征VLAN ID字段标识VLAN所适用的业务，如此，上述交换机或路由器可以发布LLDP报文向基站通知VLAN用途。
基于此，基站可以接收LLDP报文，根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段确定上层业务的关联信息，该关联信息具体为VLAN ID字段标识的VLAN适用的上层业务，如此，基站可以根据上述关联信息先确定出上层业务的VLAN，然后，将上层业务的VLAN的VLAN ID所对应的Interface IP确定为上层业务的IP。
为了便于理解，本申请还提供一具体示例。参见图8，Router向两个基站发送LLDP报文，该LLDP报文中携带所述VLAN ID和VLAN Name，VLAN Name中填充有业务，例 如，VLAN ID为100，对应VLAN Name中填充有MP，VLAN ID为200，对应VLAN Name中填充有CP&UP，如此，基站在接收到LLDP报文时，可以根据LLDP报文中携带的VLAN ID和VLAN Name，以及预先生成的VLAN ID和Interface IP确定MP、CP、UP等业务的VLAN以及MP IP、CP IP、UP IP。
需要说明的是，图8是以MP使用单独的VLAN/IP，CP和UP共用VLAN/IP进行示例性说明的，其网络结构具体可以参见图9a，当然，在有些情况下，如图9b所示，MP、CP、UP可以使用相同的VLAN/IP，或者对隔离要求较高时，如图9c所示，MP、CP、UP可以均使用单独的VLAN/IP。
需要说明的是，在安全场景下，上层业务还包括IKE业务，基于此，网管可以通过管理通道连接向基站下发针对基站的VLAN用途规则，以及根据MP业务、CP业务和UP业务各自对应的地址池为基站分配MP IP、CP IP和UP IP，并根据分配的上述IP生成地址分配消息，向基站下发该地址分配消息，也即，关联信息包括网管针对所述基站的VLAN用途规则以及地址分配消息，如此，基站可以先根据针对基站的VLAN用途规则，以及预先生成的VLAN ID和Interface IP确定IKE业务的VLAN和IP，然后，基站可以根据地址分配消息确定MP IP、CP IP和UP IP。
如图10所示，网管可以根据其支持的多种业务类型的IP地址池如MP Pool、CP pool和UP Pool，为不同基站的用户面、控制面、管理面分配IP地址，从而实现三面隔离，如为一基站分配IP1、IP2和IP3分别作为其MP IP、CP IP和UP IP，为另一基站分配IP4、IP5和IP6分别作为其MP IP、CP IP和UP IP。
需要说明的是，上述示例是以MP、CP、UP使用不同的内层IP，外层IKE的本端IP使用单独VLAN/IP进行说明的，其网络结构可以参见图11a，在实际应用时，如图11b所示，MP、CP、UP可以使用相同的内层IP，外层IKE的本端IP使用单独VLAN/IP，或者如图11c所示，MP不加密使用单独的VLAN/IP，IKE使用的单独VLAN/IP，CP和UP加密，使用单独的LOOPBACK IP。
在一些可能的实现方式中，针对内层IP，如MP IP、CP IP或者UP IP，还可以由安全网关进行分配。具体地，在安全网关侧配置Mode Config，从而实现通过安全网关指定基站内层地址。进一步地，为了实现MP、CP、UP三面隔离，还可以在相应的协议中增加扩展字段，通过扩展字段指示分配的IP的用途是用于MP业务、CP业务和/或MP业务，当然，也可以针对协议中自定义字段填充IP的用途，本实施例对此不作限定。
在实际应用时，上层业务还包括时钟即IPCLK，对应地，基站可以采用与IKE业务相同或相似的方式，确定出IPCLK的VLAN及本端IP，然后根据该IPCLK本端IP建立时钟通道，以保障业务正常运行。
在一些可能的实现方式中，基站也可以根据上述关联信息确定上层业务的VLAN或者IP，例如，基站可以根据关联信息确定上层业务的IP，采用其他机制确定上层业务的VLAN。
由上可知，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，其通过接收的RA报文进行自学习生成VLAN ID、Interface IP以及路由，接着获取上层业务的关联信息，根据关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址，如此实现基站传输免规划和自动配置，提高了基站配置效率，降低了配置人力成本以及配置时间成本。
在有些情况下，基站的物理端口还可能呈现假UP状态，基于此，在接收RA报文，根据RA报文自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP和路由之前，基站还可以先确定端口是否为假UP。
在具体实现时，基站可以通过自检测方式确定物理端口是否发生假UP，具体地，基站先发送探测请求报文，然后等待响应的探测通告报文，该探测请求报文具体可以是NS报文，或者是RS报文，其中，请求报文为NS报文时，响应报文为NA报文，请求报文为RS报文时，响应报文为RA报文。
当预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则可以确定物理端口处于UP状态，当预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假UP状态，基站更新物理端口的协商模式和协商速率，继续进行探测直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
其中，物理端口可以是不同类型端口，为了便于理解，以物理端口为以太网口ETHPORT进行示例说明。
以太网口可以分为电口和光口两种类型，若以太网口为电口，则确定协商模式为自协商模式，通过自协商模式可以协商得到端口速率，若以太网口为光口，则可以通过光口自检测方式确定协商模式和协商速率。
具体地，ETH的光口自检测是通过轮询探测实现的，所述物理端口为光口时，基站可以按照速率从高到低，以及相同速率下自协商模式优先于全双工模式的原则进行轮询探测，当所述光口处于开启状态(即UP状态)时，为了避免发生假UP现象，基站主动发送探测请求报文，若接收到探测通告报文，则停止探测并将此时的协商模式和协商速率确定为所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率，若未接收到所述探测通告报文，则继续进行轮询探测直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
本申请还提供了光口自检测的检测结果，如下表所示：
表1光口自检测结果
Figure PCTCN2020103438-appb-000001
当基站协商模式为自协商，协商速率为1000M时，若对端协商模式、协商速率与基站侧相同，端口UP，若对端协商模式为全双工，协商速率为1000M或100M，端口DOWN。
当基站协商模式为全双工，协商速率为1000M时，若对端协商模式、协商速率与基站 侧相同，端口UP，若对端协商模式自协商，协商速率为1000M，则呈现基站侧UP，对端DOWN的情形，也即发生假UP现象，在此种情形下，基站需要继续轮询探测，并在端口UP时发送探测请求报文以确定是否为假UP，若对端协商模式为全双工，协商速率为100M，则端口DOWN。
当基站协商模式为全双工，协商速率为100M时，若对端协商模式、协商速率与基站侧相同，端口UP，若对端协商模式为自协商，协商速率为1000M，端口DOWN，若对端协商模式为全双工，协商速率为1000M，则呈现基站侧UP，对端DOWN的情形，也即发生假UP现象，此时，基站需要继续轮询探测，并在端口UP时发送探测请求报文以确定是否为假UP。
在图2所示实施例中，基站可以先建立与网管的管理通道连接，从而根据该管理通道连接，从网管获取上层业务的关联信息，实现上层业务配置。基于应用场景不同，如PnP场景或近端开站场景，可以采用不同方式建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，下面对不同场景下建立基站与网管的管理通道连接进行详细说明。
由于基站传输免规划、免配置后，网管无需配置基站相关传输参数，导致基站和网管无法感知对方IP。基于此，在PnP场景下，基站和网管可以利用DHCP组播报文及路由器DHCP Realy，将组播报文转换为单播报文的方式，交互对端MP IP，如此，可以根据交互所得MP IP建立管理通道连接。
其中，DHCP报文具体包括Solicit、Advertise、Request和Reply四种类型报文，在采用DHCP报文进行交互时可以采用DHCP v6的2次消息交互，也可以采用DHCP v6的4次消息交互，本实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，在交互MP IP时可以是基站作为DHCP客户端，网管作为DHCP服务器端，网管向基站通知网管自身的MP IP，以使基站根据网管的MP IP建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，也可以是基站作为DHCP服务器端，网管作为DHCP客户端，由基站向网管通知基站的MP IP，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
参见图12a所示的建立管理通道连接的信令流程图以及图12b所示的通信方法流程图，在该示例中，基站向网管通知基站自身MP IP，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，该方法具体包括：
1、基站配置人员在网管上配置基站的配置信息；
其中，配置信息包括针对所述基站的VLAN规划规则，该规划规则具体包括VLAN与业务的对应关系。
2、传输网配置人员在路由器上配置：对应基站传输接口的VLAN ID、IP、VLAN接口的IP前缀对应的RA、DHCP Relay；
其中，DHCP Relay的Server IP为网管IP，如此，路由器可以将组播报文转换为目的地址为网管IP的单播报文。
3、路由器周期性发布RA，通知基站对应的前缀等信息；
4、基站收到RA后，自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP及路由；
具体地，VLAN接口的VLAN ID参数取值为无效值，如取值为0时，即表征自动生成 VLAN ID，此时，基站根据RA报文对应的VLAN ID自动生成VLAN ID。
接着，基站可以根据VLAN接口上接收到所述RA报文的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为Interface IP，并根据RA报文的VLAN ID确定对应的VRF，然后针对每个VRF，将RA报文的源地址作为缺省路由下一跳地址，根据目的地址：：0/0和所述缺省路由下一跳地址生成缺省路由。
当然，基站也可以以针对VLAN接口自动生成的Interface IP为源地址，以RA报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，根据所述源地址和所述源地址路由下一跳地址生成源地址路由。
5、基站使用步骤4收到RA的VLAN，针对每个VLAN接口均发送DHCP请求组播报文；
其中，DHCP请求组播报文在每个VLAN接口发送时，携带对应VLAN接口生成的全球单播地址，也即根据RA报文生成的对应VLAN ID的Interface IP作为临时的基站MP IP。在实际应用时，基站可以将基站标识和基站MP IP一并写入Option字段，以生成DHCP请求组播报文。
6、路由器将DHCP请求组播报文通过DHCP Relay转换成请求单播报文，并且发送给网管；
其中，请求组播报文和请求单播报文具体可以为Solicit报文。
7、网管接收DHCP请求单播报文后，保存基站标识与基站MP IP的映射关系，并且回复DHCP响应报文；
其中，响应报文具体可以为Reply报文。
8、网管连接基站，建立管理通道连接；
在具体实现时，网管可以发起TCP连接，基站响应该连接，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。需要说明的是，网管也可以通过发起流传输控制协议(Stream Control Transmission Protocol，SCTP)连接，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
9、网管利用管理通道连接将基站配置信息下发给基站。
具体地，基站可以根据配置信息中上层业务的关联信息，即上层业务与VLAN接口的对应关系实现上层业务配置。
接下来，请参见图13所示的建立管理通道连接的信令流程图，在该示例中，网管向基站通知网管MP IP，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，该方法具体包括：
1、基站配置人员在网管上配置基站的配置信息；
2、传输网配置人员在路由器上配置：对应基站传输接口的VLAN ID、IP、VLAN接口的IP前缀对应的RA、DHCP Relay；
3、路由器周期性发布RA，通知基站对应的前缀等信息；
4、基站收到RA后，自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP及路由；
步骤1至4的具体实现可以参见图12a所示实施例相关内容描述，在此不再赘述。
5、基站使用步骤4中接收到RA的VLAN，针对每个VLAN接口均发送DHCP请求组播报文；
其中，DHCP请求组播报文在每个VLAN接口发送时，将基站标识携带在DHCP请求组播报文的Option字段中。
6、路由器将DHCP请求组播报文通过DHCP Relay转换成请求单播报文，并且发送给网管。
其中，请求组播报文和请求单播报文具体可以为Solicit报文。
7、网管接收DHCP请求单播报文后，回复DHCP响应报文；
其中，DHCP响应报文的Option字段中携带有网管MP IP，响应报文具体可以为Reply报文，其可以经过路由器转发返回至基站。需要说明的是，DHCP响应报文具体可以是DHCP响应单播报文，经过DHCP Relay可以转换为DHCP响应组播报文，进而发送至基站。
8、基站接收到DHCP响应报文，根据网管MP IP建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；
在具体实现时，基站可以发起TCP连接，从而建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
9、网管利用管理通道连接将基站配置信息下发给基站。
如此，基站可以根据配置信息中上层业务的关联信息，即上层业务与VLAN接口的对应关系实现上层业务配置。
在一些可能的实现方式中，参见图14，传输网配置人员在基站连接的路由上配置RA时，还可以指定DNS Server，具体为将DNS Server地址配置为网管的MP IP，如此，基站接收到RA报文时，除了根据RA的前缀自动生成全球单播地址，还连接DNS Server以获取所述网管的MP IP，如此，基站可以根据所述网管的MP IP建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
当然，基站也可以预置网管的MP IP，如在所述基站出厂时预置的网管的MP IP，或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的MP IP，其中，近端连接方式包括插入USB闪存盘、记忆卡或者蓝牙等，如此，基站还可以基于预置的网管的MP IP建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
接下来，对近端开站场景下建立管理通道连接的具体实现方式进行说明。本申请实施例提供了两种实现建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
一种实现方式为，基站作为DHCP客户端，网管作为DHCP服务器端，基站配置信息中存储有网管的MP IP，如此基站可以连接到网管，建立基站与网管的管理通道连接。
另一种实现方式为，网管作为DHCP客户端，基站作为DHCP服务器端，基站的Interface IP是根据无状态地址配置机制自动生成，网管并不感知基站的Interface IP，为此，需要基站将上述Interface IP作为MP IP通知网管。
其中，基站向网管通知基站MP IP是通过基站进行DHCP Relay实现的。具体地，基站启动DHCP Relay，所述DHCP Relay的Server IP为网管的MP IP，然后基站发送基于DHCP的组播报文，通过DHCP Relay将该组播报文转换为单播报文，当网管接收到该单播报文时，可以根据单播报文的Option字段中携带的基站的MP IP发起管理通道连接建立请求，基站响应于所述管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
当然，基站也可以直接向网管发送DHCP单播报文，该DHCP单播报文的Option字段 中携带基站的标识和基站的MP IP。如此，网管接收到单播报文时，可以根据单播报文的Option字段中携带的基站的MP IP发起管理通道连接建立请求，基站响应于所述管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
为了便于理解，下面结合一具体示例对近端开站场景下建立基站与网管的管理通道连接的具体实现方式进行说明。
参见图15所示的建立管理通道连接的信令流程图，该方法包括：
1、基站配置人员将预先配置好的配置信息近端配置到基站；
2、传输网配置人员在路由器上配置：对应基站传输接口的VLAN、IP、VLAN接口对应的IP前缀对应的RA；
3、路由器周期性发布RA，通知基站对应的前缀等信息；
4、基站接收到RA，根据RA自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP及路由。
其中，配置信息、在路由器上配置VLAN、IP、RA以及生成VLAN ID、Interface IP及路由的具体实现过程可以参见图12a相关内容描述。
5、基站根据网管的MP IP自动启动DHCP Relay；
其中，DHCP Relay的Server IP为网管的MP IP。
6、基站使用步骤4收到RA的VLAN，针对每个VLAN接口均发送DHCP请求组播报文；
其中，DHCP请求组播报文在每个VLAN接口发送时，携带对应VLAN接口生成的全球单播地址，也即根据RA报文生成的对应VLAN ID的Interface IP作为基站MP IP。在实际应用时，基站可以将基站标识和基站MP IP一并写入Option字段，以生成DHCP请求组播报文。
7、基站通过内部的DHCP Realy将DHCP请求组播报文转换成请求单播报文，并且发送给网管。
在一些实施例中，基站也可以不执行上述步骤5至7，而是直接向网管发送DHCP单播报文，该单播报文中的Option字段中携带基站的标识和基站的MP IP。如此，可以实现向网管通知基站的MP IP。8、网管接收到DHCP请求单播报文，保存基站标识与基站MP IP的映射关系，并且回复DHCP响应报文。
9、网管连接基站，建立管理通道连接；
10、网管利用管理通道连接将基站配置信息下发给基站。
其中，步骤8至10可以参见图12a所示实施例相关内容描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种安全场景下建立基站与网管的管理通道连接的实现方式，参见图16所示的建立管理通道连接的信令流程图，该方法包括：
1、基站配置人员将预先配置好的配置信息近端配置到基站；
2、传输网配置人员在路由器上配置：对应基站传输接口的VLAN、IP、VLAN接口对应的IP前缀对应的RA；
3、路由器周期性发布RA，通知基站对应的前缀等信息；
4、基站接收到RA，根据RA自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP及路由；
5、基站使用步骤4中接收到RA的VLAN，针对每个VLAN接口均发送DHCP请求组播报文；
6、Public DHCP Server接收到DHCP请求组播报文，返回DHCP响应报文；
其中，响应报文中携带CA服务器地址、安全网关地址以及网管地址；
7、基站根据CA服务器的地址从CA服务器获取CA证书；
8、基站根据DHCP响应报文中安全网关的地址，及第4步生成的全球单播地址创建IKE连接，建立基站和安全网关的IPsec隧道；
在具体实现时，基站可以通过遍历第4步生成的全球单播地址的方式尝试创建IKE连接。
9、基站根据DHCP响应报文中的网管地址，向网管发送地址分配请求报文，以请求MP、CP、UP地址；
其中，地址分配请求报文使用Ipsec进行加密；
10、网管在对应的业务地址池中，给基站分配MP IP、CP IP、UP IP，并向基站返回上述MP IP、CP IP和UP IP；
11、基站根据网管分配的上述MP IP、CP IP、UP IP生成对应的链路连接。
可见，通过本申请实施例提供的方法，可以自动建立基站与网管的管理通道连接，如此，在根据RA报文自动生成VLAN ID、Interface IP和路由后，可以根据网管通过管理通道连接下发的上层业务的关联信息，以及预先生成的VLAN ID和针对VLAN Interface的Interface IP自动确定上层业务的VLAN及IP。
以上对本申请中一种通信方法进行说明，以下对执行上述通信方法的通信装置进行描述。本申请实施例所提供的通信装置具体可以是基站内部的装置，也可以是独立于基站的可以连接到基站的装置，其具有实现对应于上述图3至图16任意所对应的实施例中所提供的通信方法的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块，所述模块可以是软件和/或硬件。
一些实施方式中，如图17A所示，所述通信装置1700包括：
获取单元1710，用于接收路由器通告报文；
处理单元1720，用于根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由；
所述获取单元1710，还用于获取上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务；
所述处理单元1720，还用于根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
具体实现时，该获取单元1710具体可以用于执行S301、S302中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S301、S302部分的描述；该处理单元1720具体可以用于执行S301、S303中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S301、S303部分的描述，此处不再赘述。
可选地，所述处理单元1720还用于：
建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；
所述获取单元1710具体用于：
根据所述管理通道连接从所述网管获取上层业务的关联信息。
具体实现时，处理单元1720用于建立管理通道连接，具体可以参见图12a至图16所示实施例相关内容描述，获取单元1710具体可以用于执行S302中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S302部分的描述。
可选地，所述关联信息包括针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则；
所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
具体实现时，处理单元1720可以用于执行S303中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S303部分的描述。
可选地，所述关联信息还包括所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系；
所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网；
根据所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网对应的虚拟局域网接口，将所述虚拟局域网接口上预先生成的接口网络地址确定为所述上层业务的网络地址。
具体实现时，处理单元1720可以用于执行S303中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S303部分的描述。
可选地，所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据对端的管理面网络地址，建立管理通道连接，其中，对端的管理面网络地址可以通过对报文进行DHCP Relay得到。。
可选地，该装置1700还包括发送单元1730；
发送单元1730，用于针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述基站的管理面网络地址为根据所述路由器请求报文生成的对应所述虚拟局域网标识的所述接口网络地址。
具体实现时，发送单元1730向网管发送基站的MP IP的具体实现可以参见图12a和图12b所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，该装置1700还包括发送单元1730；
发送单元1730，用于针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识；
获取单元1710，还用于接收所述网管在接收到所述请求单播报文时发送的动态主机配置协议响应单播报文经所述动态主机配置协议中继转换得到的响应组播报文；所述动态主机配置协议响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
具体实现时，发送单元1730发送请求组播报文，获取单元1710接收响应组播报文， 从而获得网管的MP IP，其具体实现可以参见图13所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述路由器通告报文的域名解析服务器地址字段可以被配置为所述网管的管理面网络地址；
所述获取单元1710具体用于：
访问域名解析服务器以获取所述网管的管理面网络地址；
所述处理单元1720用于：
根据所述网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
具体实现时，处理单元1720基于域名解析服务器建立管理通道连接，具体实现可以参见图14所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述处理单元1720具体用于：
基于预置的网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
可选地，所述预置的管理面的网络地址包括：
在所述基站出厂时预置的或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。
可选地，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，该装置1700还包括发送单元1730；
处理单元1720，用于启动动态主机配置协议中继，所述中继的服务地址为网管的管理面网络地址；
所述发送单元1730，用于发送基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文；
所述处理单元1720，还用于通过所述动态主机配置协议中继将所述组播报文转换为单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
所述获取单元1710，还用于接收来自网管的管理通道连接建立请求；
所述处理单元1720，还用于根据所述管理通道连接建立请求建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接；或者，
所述发送单元1730，用于发送基于动态主机配置协议的单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
所述获取单元1710，还用于接收来自网管的管理通道连接建立请求；
所述处理单元1720，还用于根据所述管理通道连接建立请求建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
具体实现时，通信装置1700通过自身进行DHCP Relay的方式向网管通知基站的MP IP，或者通过直接向网管发送单播报文的方式向网管通知基站的MP IP，从而建立管理通道连接，具体实现可以参见图15所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述获取单元1710具体用于：
接收链路层发现协议报文；
根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段获得上层业务的关联信息，所述关联信息包括所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务；
所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
具体实现时，获取单元1710用于执行S302中的方法，处理单元1720用于执行S303 中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S302、S303部分的描述以及图8所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换业务，所述关联信息包括所述网管通过所述管理通道连接下发的针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及地址分配消息，所述地址分配消息包括所述网管基于管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务各自对应的地址池为所述基站分配的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址和用户面网络地址；
所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据所述针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述因特网密钥交换业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址；
根据所述地址分配消息确定所述基站的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址及用户面业网络地址。
具体实现时，处理单元1720用于执行S303中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S303部分的描述以及图16所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述装置1700还包括发送单元1730：
所述发送单元1730，用于发送探测请求报文；
所述处理单元1720，还用于当预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则确定物理端口处于开启状态，当预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假开启状态，更新所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率；
所述发送单元1730，还用于根据更新后的协商模式和协商速率，继续发送探测请求报文，直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
具体实现时，处理单元1720用于通过自检测方式确定端口是否处于开启状态，具体实现请参考图3所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述处理单元1720具体用于：
根据通过物理端口接收到所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识自动生成虚拟局域网标识；
根据所述路由器通告报文携带的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。
具体实现时，处理单元1720用于执行S301中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S301部分的描述以及图5、图6所示实施例相关内容描述。
可选地，所述处理单元1720具体用于:
根据所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识或接收所述路由器通告报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的虚拟路由转发域，针对每个所述虚拟路由转发域分别生成缺省路由，所述缺省路由包括目的地址和缺省路由下一跳地址，所述缺省路由下一跳地址为所述路由器通告报文的源地址；或者，
以针对虚拟局域网接口自动生成的所述接口网络地址为源地址，所述路由器通告报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
具体实现时，处理单元1720用于执行S301中的方法，具体请参考图3示出的方法实施例对S301部分的描述以及图7所示实施例相关内容描述。
本申请实施例还提供了另一种执行上述通信方法的通信装置。本申请实施例所提供的通信装置具体可以是网管内部的装置，也可以是独立于网管的、可以连接到网管的装置，其具有实现对应于上述图3至图16任意所对应的实施例中所提供的通信方法的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块，所述模块可以是软件和/或硬件。
一些实施例中，如图17B所示，所述通信装置1702包括：处理单元1712和发送单元1722。
处理单元1712，用于建立与基站的管理通道连接；
发送单元1722，用于通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，所述关联信息用于所述基站确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
可选地，所述处理单元1712具体用于：
根据对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接，所述对端的管理面网络地址通过动态主机配置协议中继报文得到。
在一些实施例中，该装置还可以接收基站的管理面网络地址，向基站发送管理通道连接建立请求，从而建立管理通道连接。
具体地，所述装置1702还包括获取单元1732，获取单元1732用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。
在另一些实施例中，该装置可以向基站发送网管的管理面网络地址，由基站根据网管的管理面网络地址发送管理通道连接建立请求，该装置根据该管理通道连接建立请求建立管理通道连接。
具体地，所述装置1702还包括获取单元1732，获取单元1732用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识。
然后所述发送单元1722发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文，所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文，所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
可选地，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，所述装置1702还包括获取单元1732；
所述获取单元1732，用于接收单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成；
所述发送单元1722，还用于根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。
根据本申请实施例的通信装置1702可对应于执行本申请实施例中描述的方法，并且通信装置1702的各个模块/单元的上述和其它操作和/或功能分别为了实现图12a、图13、图15、图16所示实施例中的各个方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种设备，该设备具体可以基站。图18A示出了本申请实施例提供的一种基站的结构示意图，所述基站1800包括处理器1801和存储器1802，其中，所述存储器1802用于存储程序代码，所述处理器1801用于调用所述存储器中的程序代码来执行上述图3提供的通信方法。
在具体实现时，所述处理器1801用于实现如下操作:
接收路由器通告报文，根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由；
获取上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务；
根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
可选地，处理器1801还用于实现如下操作：
建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；
对应地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
根据所述管理通道连接从所述网管获取上层业务的关联信息。
可选地，所述关联信息包括所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系；
处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
根据所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
可选地，所述关联信息包括针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则；
处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和网管交互对端的管理面网络地址；
根据所述对端的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述基站的管理面网络地址为根据所述路由器请求报文生成的对应所述虚拟局域网标识的所述接口网络地址。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识；
接收所述网管在接收到所述请求单播报文时发送的动态主机配置协议响应单播报文经所述动态主机配置协议中继转换得到的响应组播报文；所述动态主机配置协议响应组播报 文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
可选地，所述路由器通告报文的域名解析服务器地址字段被配置为所述网管的管理面网络地址；
处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
访问域名解析服务器以获取所述网管的管理面网络地址；
根据所述网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
基于预置的网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
可选地，预置的网管的管理面网络地址包括在所述基站出厂时预置的或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。
可选地，在近端开站场景下，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
启动动态主机配置协议中继，所述中继的服务地址为网管的管理面网络地址；
发送基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
接收来自网管的管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接；或者，
发送基于动态主机配置协议的单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
接收来自网管的管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与网管之间的管理通道连接。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
接收链路层发现协议报文；
根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段确定上层业务的关联信息，所述关联信息包括所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务；
根据所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
可选地，所述上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换业务，所述关联信息包括所述因特网密钥交换业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系；
所述处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
根据所述因特网密钥交换业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述因特网密钥交换业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
可选地，处理器1801还用于执行如下操作：
发送探测请求报文；
当预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则确定物理端口处于开启状态，当预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假开启状态，继续进行探测直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
根据通过物理端口接收到所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识自动生成对应的虚拟 局域网标识；
根据所述路由器通告报文携带的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
根据所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识或接收所述路由器通告报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的虚拟路由转发域，针对每个所述虚拟路由转发域分别生成缺省路由，所述缺省路由包括目的地址和缺省路由下一跳地址，所述缺省路由下一跳地址为所述路由器通告报文的源地址。
可选地，处理器1801具体用于执行下述操作：
以针对虚拟局域网接口自动生成的所述接口网络地址为源地址，所述路由器通告报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
本申请实施例还提供了一种设备，该设备具体可以为网管。图18B示出了本申请实施例提供的一种网管的结构示意图，所述网管1820包括处理器1821和存储器1822，其中，所述存储器1822用于存储程序代码，所述处理器1821用于调用所述存储器中的程序代码来执行上述图12a、图13、图15、图16提供的通信方法。
在具体实现时，所述处理器1821用于实现如下操作:
建立与基站的管理通道连接，然后通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息。其中，上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，关联信息用于基站确定上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
可选地，处理器1821具体用于实现如下操作：
通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和基站交互对端的管理面网络地址；
根据所述对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接。
通过该方法可以自动建立管理通道连接，降低人力成本。
可选地，网管可以接收基站的通知，从而获得基站的管理面网络地址。具体地，处理器1821具体用于实现如下操作：
接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。如此实现了基站向网管通知基站的管理面网络地址。
可选地，网管可以向基站通知网管的管理面网络地址。具体地，处理器1821具体用于实现如下操作：
接收请求单播报文。所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成。所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识。
发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文。所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器 进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文。所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。如此实现了网管向基站通知网管的管理面网络地址。
可选地，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端。处理器1821具体用于实现如下操作：
接收单播报文。所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址。所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成。
如此，网管根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。通过自动建立管理通道连接，可以实现基站传输免规划。
本申请实施例还提供了一种装置1900，下面将结合装置1900的示意性框图即图19，对装置1900的结构和功能进行具体的描述。该装置可以包括至少一个处理器1901和接口电路1902，当涉及的程序指令在该至少一个处理器1901中执行时，可以使得该装置1900实现图3至图16所示方法实施例所提供的通信方法。该接口电路1902，可以用于接收程序指令并传输至所述处理器，或者，该接口电路1902可以用于装置1900与其他通信设备进行通信交互，比如交互控制信令和/或业务数据等。该接口电路1902可以为代码和/或数据读写接口电路，或者，该接口电路1902可以为通信处理器与收发机之间的信号传输接口电路。可选的，该装置1900还可以包括至少一个存储器1903，该存储器1903可以用于存储所需的涉及的程序指令和/或数据。可选的，该装置1900还可以包括供电电路1904，该供电电路1904可以用于为该处理器1901供电，该供电电路1904可以与处理器1901位于同一个芯片内，或者，位于处理器1901所在的芯片之外的另一个芯片内。可选的，该装置1900还可以包括总线1905，该装置1900中的各个部分可以通过总线1905互联。
应理解，本申请实施例中的处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
还应理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
本申请实施例所述的供电电路包括但不限于如下至少一个：供电线路，供电子系统、电源管理芯片、功耗管理处理器或功耗管理控制电路。
本申请实施例所述的收发装置、或者接口电路、或者收发器中可以包括单独的发送器，和/或，单独的接收器，也可以是发送器和接收器集成一体。收发装置、接口电路、或者收发器可以在相应的处理器的指示下工作。可选的，发送器可以对应物理设备中发射机，接收器可以对应物理设备中的接收机。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储程序代码，所述程序代码用于执行本申请所述的通信方法。
本申请实施例还提供了在一种包含计算机可读指令的计算机程序产品，当该计算机可读指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面所述的通信方法。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (53)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于基站，所述方法包括：
    接收路由器通告报文，根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由；
    获取上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务；
    根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；
    所述获取上层业务的关联信息包括：
    根据所述管理通道连接从所述网管获取上层业务的关联信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述关联信息包括针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则；
    所述根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址包括：
    根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述关联信息还包括所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系；
    根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址包括：
    根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网；
    根据所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网对应的虚拟局域网接口，将所述虚拟局域网接口上预先生成的接口网络地址确定为所述上层业务的网络地址。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述建立基站与网管的管理通道连接包括：
    基站和网管通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式交互对端的管理面网络地址；
    根据所述对端的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站和网管通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式交互对端的管理面网络地址包括：
    针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述基站的管理面网络地址为根据所述路由器请求报文生成的对应所述虚拟局域网标识的所述接口网络地址。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站和网管通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式交互对端的管理面网络地址包括：
    针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识；
    接收所述网管在接收到所述请求单播报文时发送的动态主机配置协议响应单播报文经所述动态主机配置协议中继转换得到的响应组播报文；所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
  8. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路由器通告报文的域名解析服务器地址字段被配置为所述网管的管理面网络地址；
    所述建立基站与网管的管理通道连接包括：
    访问域名解析服务器以获取所述网管的管理面网络地址；
    根据所述网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述建立基站与网管的管理通道连接包括：
    基于预置的网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预置的管理面的网络地址包括：
    在所述基站出厂时预置的或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。
  11. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端时，所述建立基站与网管的管理通道连接包括：
    启动动态主机配置协议中继，所述中继的服务地址为网管的管理面网络地址；
    发送基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文，通过所述动态主机配置协议中继将所述组播报文转换为单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
    接收来自所述网管的管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与所述网管之间的管理通道连接；或者，
    发送基于动态主机配置协议的单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
    接收来自所述网管的管理通道连接建立请求，建立所述基站与所述网管之间的管理通道连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取上层业务的关联信息包括：
    接收链路层发现协议报文；
    根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段确定上层业务的关联信息，所述关联信息包括所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务；
    所述根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址包括：
    根据所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换业务，所述关联信息包括所述网管通过所述管理通道连接下发的针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及地址分配消息，所述地址分配消息包括所述网管基于管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务各自对应的地址池为所述基站分配的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址和用户面网络地址；
    所述根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址包括：
    根据所述针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述因特网密钥交换业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址；
    根据所述地址分配消息确定所述基站的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址及用户面业网络地址。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    发送探测请求报文；
    当预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则确定物理端口处于开启状态，当预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假开启状态，更新所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率，继续进行探测直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址包括：
    根据通过物理端口接收到所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识自动生成虚拟局域网标识；
    根据所述路由器通告报文携带的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述路由器通告报文生成路由包括:
    根据所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识或接收所述路由器通告报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的虚拟路由转发域，针对每个所述虚拟路由转发域分别生成缺省路由，所述缺省路由包括目的地址和缺省路由下一跳地址，所述缺省路由下一跳地址为所述路由器通告报文的源地址。
  17. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述路由器通告报文生成路由包括:
    以针对虚拟局域网接口自动生成的所述接口网络地址为源地址，所述路由器通告报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
  18. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于网管，所述方法包括：
    建立与基站的管理通道连接；
    通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，所述关联信息用于所述基站确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述建立与基站的管理通道连接，包括：
    通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和基站交互对端的管理面网络地址；
    根据所述对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和基站交互对端的管理面网络地址包括：
    接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过组播报文采用动态主机配置协议中继转换为单播报文的方式和基站交互对端的管理面网络地址包括：
    接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识；
    发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文，所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文，所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，所述建立与基站的管理通道连接包括：
    接收单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成；
    根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取单元，用于接收路由器通告报文；
    处理单元，用于根据所述路由器通告报文生成虚拟局域网标识、接口网络地址和路由；
    所述获取单元，还用于获取上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述关联信息确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    建立基站与网管的管理通道连接；
    所述获取单元具体用于：
    根据所述管理通道连接从所述网管获取上层业务的关联信息。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述关联信息包括针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则；
    所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和网络地址。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述关联信息还包括所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系；
    所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网；
    根据所述上层业务的虚拟局域网和所述上层业务与虚拟局域网接口的对应关系，确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网对应的虚拟局域网接口，将所述虚拟局域网接口上预先生成的接口网络地址确定为所述上层业务的网络地址。
  27. 根据权利要求24至26任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据对端的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接，所述对端的管理面网络地址是通过动态主机配置协议中继报文得到。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    发送单元，用于针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述基站的管理面网络地址为根据所述路由器请求报文生成的对应所述虚拟局域网标识的所述接口网络地址。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的基站，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    发送单元，用于针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送动态主机配置协议请求组播报文，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带基站标识；
    所述获取单元，还用于接收所述网管在接收到所述请求单播报文时发送的动态主机配置协议响应单播报文经所述动态主机配置协议中继转换得到的响应组播报文；所述动态主机配置协议响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
  30. 根据权利要求24至26任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述路由器通告报文的域名解析服务器地址字段被配置为所述网管的管理面网络地址；
    所述获取单元还用于：
    访问域名解析服务器以获取所述网管的管理面网络地址；
    所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据所述网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
  31. 根据权利要求24至26任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    基于预置的网管的管理面网络地址建立所述基站与网管的管理通道连接。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的装置，其特征在于，所述预置的管理面的网络地址包括：
    在所述基站出厂时预置的或者以近端连接方式配置的网管的管理面网络地址。
  33. 根据权利要求24至26任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，所述装置还包括发送单元；
    所述处理单元，用于启动动态主机配置协议中继，所述中继的服务地址为网管的管理面网络地址；
    所述发送单元，用于发送基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文；
    所述处理单元，用于通过所述动态主机配置协议中继将所述组播报文转换为单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
    所述获取单元，还用于接收来自所述网管的管理通道连接建立请求；
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述管理通道连接建立请求建立所述基站与所述网管之间的管理通道连接；或者，
    所述发送单元，用于发送基于动态主机配置协议的单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址；
    所述获取单元，还用于接收来自所述网管的管理通道连接建立请求；
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述管理通道连接建立请求建立所述基站与所述网管之间的管理通道连接。
  34. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取单元具体用于：
    接收链路层发现协议报文；
    根据所述链路层发现协议报文中的虚拟局域网标识字段和业务字段获得上层业务的关联信息，所述关联信息包括所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务；
    所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据所述虚拟局域网标识字段标识的虚拟局域网适用的上层业务，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  35. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述上层业务还包括因特网密钥交换业务，所述关联信息包括所述网管通过所述管理通道连接下发的针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则以及地址分配消息，所述地址分配消息包括所述网管基于管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务各自对应的地址池为所述基站分配的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址和用户面网络地址；
    所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据所述针对所述基站的虚拟局域网用途规则，以及预先生成的所述虚拟局域网标识和所述接口网络地址，确定所述因特网密钥交换业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址；
    根据所述地址分配消息确定所述基站的管理面网络地址、控制面网络地址及用户面业网络地址。
  36. 根据权利要求23至35任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括发送单元；
    所述发送单元，用于发送探测请求报文；
    所述处理单元，用于当预设时间内接收到响应的探测通告报文时，则确定物理端口处于开启状态，当预设时间内未接收到探测通告报文时，则确定所述物理端口处于假开启状态，更新所述物理端口的协商模式和协商速率；
    所述发送单元，还用于根据更新后的协商模式和协商速率继续发送所述探测请求报文，直至接收到所述探测通告报文。
  37. 根据权利要求23至36任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    根据通过物理端口接收到所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识自动生成虚拟局域网标识；
    根据所述路由器通告报文携带的网络地址前缀，利用无状态地址配置机制自动生成全球单播地址作为接口网络地址。
  38. 根据权利要求23至37任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于:
    根据所述路由器通告报文的虚拟局域网标识或接收所述路由器通告报文的物理端口对应的物理端口标识确定对应的虚拟路由转发域，针对每个所述虚拟路由转发域分别生成缺省路由，所述缺省路由包括目的地址和缺省路由下一跳地址，所述缺省路由下一跳地址为所述路由器通告报文的源地址。
  39. 根据权利要求23至37任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于:
    以针对虚拟局域网接口自动生成的所述接口网络地址为源地址，所述路由器通告报文的源地址为源地址路由下一跳地址，生成源地址路由。
  40. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    处理单元，用于建立与基站的管理通道连接；
    发送单元，用于通过所述管理通道连接向所述基站下发上层业务的关联信息，所述上层业务包括管理面业务、控制面业务和用户面业务，所述关联信息用于所述基站确定所述上层业务的虚拟局域网及网络地址。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元用于：
    根据对端的管理面网络地址建立与所述基站的管理通道连接，所述对端的管理面网络地址通过动态主机配置协议中继报文得到。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    获取单元，用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识和所述基站的管理面网络地址。
  43. 根据权利要求41所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    获取单元，用于接收请求单播报文，所述请求单播报文是路由器将动态主机配置协议请求组播报文通过动态主机配置协议中继转换生成，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文是基站针对每个虚拟局域网接口发送的，所述动态主机配置协议请求组播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的基站标识；
    所述发送单元，还用于发送动态主机配置协议响应单播报文，所述动态主机配置协议响应单播报文被路由器进行动态主机配置协议中继转换得到响应组播报文，所述响应组播报文的选项字段中携带所述网管的管理面网络地址。
  44. 根据权利要求40所述的装置，其特征在于，在近端开站场景下，基站作为服务器端，所述装置还包括：
    获取单元，用于接收单播报文，所述单播报文的选项字段中携带所述基站的管理面网络地址，所述单播报文是基站启动动态主机配置协议中继，对基于动态主机配置协议的组播报文进行转换得到或者是基站直接生成；
    所述发送单元，还用于根据所述基站的管理面网络地址，向所述基站发送管理通道连接建立请求。
  45. 一种基站，其特征在于，所述基站包括处理器和存储器：
    所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
    所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法。
  46. 一种网管，其特征在于，所述网管包括处理器和存储器：
    所述存储器用于存储程序代码，并将所述程序代码传输给所述处理器；
    所述处理器用于根据所述程序代码中的指令执行权利要求18至22中任一项所述的方法。
  47. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括基站和网管；
    所述基站用于执行如权利要求1至17中任一项所述的方法；
    所述网管用于执行如权利要求18至22中任一项所述的方法。
  48. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，所述电子装置包括：
    至少一个处理器和接口电路；
    所述处理器通过所述接口电路获取程序指令，根据所述程序指令执行权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  49. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储程序指令，所述程序指令用于执行权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  50. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置用于执行权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  51. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，
    所述处理器与存储器耦合，用于从所述存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以执行权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  52. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，存储器，
    所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于从所述存储器中调用并运行所述计算机程序，以执行权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
  53. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括指令，所述指令被执行时，用于执行如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的方法。
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