WO2021056260A1 - 一种拍摄方法和拍摄设备 - Google Patents

一种拍摄方法和拍摄设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056260A1
WO2021056260A1 PCT/CN2019/107831 CN2019107831W WO2021056260A1 WO 2021056260 A1 WO2021056260 A1 WO 2021056260A1 CN 2019107831 W CN2019107831 W CN 2019107831W WO 2021056260 A1 WO2021056260 A1 WO 2021056260A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shooting
target position
photographing
subject
picture
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/107831
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林隽曦
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/107831 priority Critical patent/WO2021056260A1/zh
Priority to CN201980033879.0A priority patent/CN112154656B/zh
Publication of WO2021056260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056260A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/61—Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects
    • H04N23/611—Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects where the recognised objects include parts of the human body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/695—Control of camera direction for changing a field of view, e.g. pan, tilt or based on tracking of objects

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of photographing technology, and in particular to a photographing method and photographing equipment.
  • Lightweight devices such as pan-tilt, pan-tilt camera, etc. can adjust the posture of the camera, thereby changing the content of the screen, and are widely used in scenes such as interviews.
  • This type of shooting device usually has a tracking shooting function, and the shooting object is located at the target position in the frame, as shown in Figure 1(a).
  • the shooting device may be limited by the adjustment range of its own posture, and cannot move the shooting object to the target position, causing the shooting object to deviate from the target position, as shown in Figure 1(b).
  • the user usually does not always pay attention to the picture and cannot always pay attention to the location of the subject.
  • the user often fails to find out and make adjustments in time, which affects the shooting effect, resulting in low shooting quality, and the captured images cannot be used.
  • the present disclosure provides a shooting method, including:
  • Perform a tracking operation adjust the posture of the shooting device to make the shooting object move to a target position in the frame;
  • a prompt message is sent out, and the prompt information is used to guide the shooting object to the target position.
  • the present disclosure also provides a photographing device, including:
  • the camera part is used to identify the subject in the picture
  • the pan/tilt is used to perform a tracking operation: adjust the posture of the camera unit, so that the shooting object moves to the target position in the frame;
  • the camera unit When the tracking operation is performed and the photographic subject does not move to the target position, the camera unit sends out a prompt message, and the prompt information is used to guide the photographic subject to the target in the screen position.
  • the shooting device When the subject cannot be moved to the target position due to the movement of the subject or the shaking of the shooting device, and the shooting device is limited by the adjustment range of its own posture, it can send a prompt message to the user, and the prompt message can guide the user to move the subject To the target position, so that the user can timely and accurately move the subject to the target position, thereby ensuring the shooting effect.
  • Figure 1(a) shows the subject is at the target position
  • Figure 1(b) shows the subject deviates from the target position.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a shooting method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 3(a) shows the situation when the subject moves to the target position when the subject is smaller than the target position
  • Figure 3(b) shows the situation when the subject moves to the target position when the subject is larger than the target position
  • Figure 3(c ) Shows the situation where the overlapping part of the subject and the target position when the proportion of the subject exceeds the threshold, the subject moves to the target position.
  • FIG. 4 is another flowchart of the shooting method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 shows the situation when the subject has not moved to the target position.
  • Figure 6 shows how the camera moves according to the prompt message.
  • Figure 7 shows the direction information
  • Figure 8(a) shows the scene when the person A is talking
  • Figure 8(b) shows the scene when the person B is talking
  • Figure 8(c) shows the position between the person A and the person B as the subject Situation.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a photographing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a photographing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the shooting device is a device that can adjust the shooting field of view by changing its own posture.
  • the photographing device may be a pan-tilt camera.
  • the lens of the pan/tilt camera is mounted on the pan/tilt, and the body also serves as a bracket or handle to support the pan/tilt.
  • the pan/tilt adjusts the shooting field of view by changing the posture of the lens.
  • the photographing device may also be a combination of a pan-tilt and a camera. That is, the camera is installed on the pan-tilt as a whole, and the pan-tilt adjusts the shooting field of view by changing the overall posture of the camera.
  • the shooting method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 Recognizing the shooting subject in the picture.
  • Step S102 Perform a tracking operation: adjust the posture of the shooting device to make the shooting object move to a target position in the frame.
  • Step S103 When the tracking operation is performed and the photographic subject has not moved to the target position, a prompt message is issued, and the prompt information is used to guide the photographic subject to the target position.
  • the application scenario of this embodiment is introduced.
  • shooting equipment to shoot a target
  • the interviewee is used as the shooting target, and the face of the interviewee is generally taken as the shooting object, and the ideal position is generally the center of the picture. In this way, during the entire interview process, the face of the interviewee is always in the center of the screen, and the image of the interviewee is highlighted, and the shooting effect is good.
  • step S101 the photographing device recognizes the photographed subject in the frame.
  • the picture refers to the picture to be imaged, and the shooting device recognizes the shooting object in the picture to be imaged.
  • the shooting device is shooting, the picture refers to the picture being imaged, and the shooting device recognizes the shooting object in the picture being imaged.
  • the shooting object generally refers to a partial area of the shooting target, and the shooting device recognizes the partial area according to a feature information.
  • the characteristic information refers to the face information of the person.
  • the face of the person is taken as the subject of shooting.
  • step S102 the photographing device performs a tracking operation.
  • the posture of the shooting device is changed, causing the subject to move to a target position in the frame.
  • Shooting equipment generally has multiple shooting modes to cope with various shooting scenes, and tracking mode is one of them.
  • tracking mode the posture of the shooting device is changed, so that the lens is aimed at the subject, and the follow-up of the subject is realized.
  • There are many ways to make the shooting device enter the tracking mode for example, manual setting, voice-activated triggering, etc.
  • the shooting device After entering the tracking mode, the shooting device performs the tracking operation. Specifically, after identifying the subject in step S101, the photographing device detects the deviation between the subject and the target position, generates direction information from the target position to the subject based on the deviation, and changes its posture based on the direction information to make the subject Move to the target position on the screen.
  • the target position can be determined according to the composition rules, and the composition rules are one of the important factors that affect the shooting effect.
  • the composition rule has many connotations. For example, it can refer to the position of the subject in the frame, that is, where the subject is located in the frame.
  • the composition rule may also refer to the angle of the subject in the frame, that is, the angle at which the photographing device shoots the subject.
  • the composition rule may also refer to the completeness of the subject in the frame, that is, the proportion of the portion where the subject appears in the frame.
  • composition rules include balanced composition, symmetrical composition, diagonal composition, triangle composition, and nine-squares composition, which should be selected according to different shooting purposes and desired shooting effects.
  • the center position of the screen may be used as the target position.
  • the subject is located in the center of the screen, so that during the shooting process, such as the interview process, the face of the interviewee is always in the center of the screen, and the image of the interviewee is highlighted, and the shooting effect is good.
  • the target position can be set in a variety of ways.
  • the target position may be a preset position, and the preset position has been set in advance and stored in the photographing device.
  • the shooting device reads the preset position and sets it as the target position to automatically complete the setting of the target position.
  • the target position can also be set manually.
  • the user issues a target position instruction to the photographing device, and the photographing device receives the target position instruction and uses the position corresponding to the instruction as the target position.
  • the user to issue the target location instruction for example, it can be operated by the button of the photographing device, operated by the touch screen of the photographing device, or operated by voice control.
  • the target location is usually identified by a graphic, such as a circle, a rectangle, etc., and the area enclosed by the graphic represents the target location.
  • the subject usually also occupies an area in the frame.
  • a dotted rectangle is used to identify the target location.
  • the area of the subject is smaller than the area of the dotted rectangle. If the subject has completely entered the dotted rectangle, it means that the subject has moved to the target position; as shown in Figure 3(b), the area of the subject is larger than The area of the dashed rectangle. If the subject completely covers the dashed rectangle, it also means that the subject has moved to the target position.
  • the photographic subject and the target position have overlapping parts, and the proportion of the overlapping part in the overall photographic subject has exceeded the threshold, it is also considered that the photographic subject has moved to the target position.
  • the shooting method of this embodiment further includes:
  • Step S103' After the tracking operation and the subject has moved to the target position, the photographing device starts or continues to photograph the subject.
  • Step S103' illustrates that only by adjusting the posture of the shooting device itself, the shooting object can be moved to the target position.
  • the shooting requirements have been met. If the shooting device was framing the scene before, you can start shooting the subject at this time. If the shooting device is already in the shooting state, continue to shoot the subject. Repeat the tracking operation throughout the shooting process to keep the subject at the target position
  • step S103 when the tracking operation is performed and the photographic subject has not moved to the target position, a prompt message is issued, and the prompt information is used to guide the photographic subject to the target position.
  • Step S103 illustrates that only by adjusting the posture of the shooting device itself, the shooting object cannot move to the target position. This may be caused by many factors, for example, the posture of the shooting device has an adjustment range.
  • the camera equipment generally adjusts the attitude through the pan/tilt, which can change the heading angle, pitch angle and roll angle of the lens or the camera. Limited by the rotation range of the gimbal, the posture of the shooting device can only be adjusted within a certain range.
  • the positional relationship between the shooting device and the shooting object is too large, even if the pan-tilt has reached the limit of the rotation range, the shooting object cannot move to the target position. For example, in the situation shown in Figure 1(b), the position of the subject is too high relative to the target position.
  • step S102 the tracking operation in step S102 is performed.
  • the camera adjusts its posture so that the screen moves upward, and the subject is photographed. Move down accordingly.
  • the shooting device moves to the limit of the upward direction, as shown in Figure 5, the subject still has not moved to the target position.
  • step S103 will send a prompt message, which will prompt the user how to move the subject to the target position .
  • the prompt information is an auditory prompt, which reminds the user by issuing a voice prompt.
  • the photographing device detects the deviation between the photographed object and the target position, generates direction information from the target position to the photographed object based on the deviation, and broadcasts the direction information to the user.
  • the voice prompt prompts the user to move the shooting device directly above.
  • the specific voice prompt content can be "Please Move the camera directly above”. After hearing the voice prompt, the user can move the shooting device directly above, so that the subject in the screen moves directly below, and the subject moves to the target position, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the direction information may include multiple directions, for example, as shown in Figure 7, it also includes: directly below, front left, front right, top left, bottom left Square, upper right, lower right.
  • the photographing device can determine the direction information corresponding to the deviation according to the deviation between the photographed object and the target position, and prompt the user through voice prompts.
  • the above prompt process is a real-time dynamic process.
  • the photographing device continuously detects the deviation between the photographed object and the target position, determines the direction information corresponding to the latest deviation, and updates the direction information so that the photographed object moves to the target position.
  • the intensity of the voice prompt can be adjusted according to the distance between the photographed object and the target position. Specifically, when the distance between the shooting subject and the target position becomes larger and larger, the volume of the voice prompt is increased, and vice versa, the volume of the voice prompt is reduced. In other words, the strength of the voice prompt is proportional to the difference between the shooting object and the target position. distance. In this way, the size of the sound can be used to prompt the user whether the direction of movement is correct. If the distance between the subject and the target position becomes larger and larger, it means that the direction of movement is wrong. At this time, the user is prompted with a loud volume.
  • the distance between the subject and the target position is getting smaller and smaller, it means that the direction of movement is correct. At this time, the user is prompted with a low volume. When the subject moves to the target location, you can also turn off the voice prompts. Through the above method, the user can be guided more accurately, the shooting object can be moved to the target position faster, and the convenience and efficiency of use can be improved.
  • the prompt information in this embodiment is not limited to auditory prompts, and may also be tactile prompts and visual prompts, for example.
  • the photographing device realizes tactile prompts to the user through vibration, and can represent different direction information through different vibration frequencies and vibration times. Similarly, when the user moves the photographing device, the intensity of the vibration can be adjusted according to the distance between the photographed object and the target position.
  • parts such as lips, eyes, and nose may also be used as the photographing object to achieve a better photographing effect.
  • the eyes in the picture can be identified in a variety of ways, for example, using the geometric features and gray-scale features of the human eye to locate the eyes, or the pupil classifier is used for human eye recognition, which is obtained through machine learning.
  • the pupil classifier is used for human eye recognition, which is obtained through machine learning.
  • the face can be segmented in the lower half of the vertical direction to find the left and right corners of the mouth to locate the lips.
  • the embodiment is described by taking the shooting target as a person and the part where the shooting object is a person as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited to this, and the shooting method in this embodiment is applicable to any type of shooting target and shooting object.
  • the shooting object When the user uses the shooting device to shoot, the shooting object may move, and the shooting device may shake, resulting in the shooting object not at the target position.
  • users cannot always pay attention to the picture, and cannot always pay attention to the location of the subject.
  • the shooting device when the shooting device cannot move the shooting object to the target position due to the movement of the shooting object or the shaking of the shooting device, and the shooting device is limited by the adjustment range of its own posture, it can send a prompt message to the user. It can guide the user to move the shooting object to the target position, so that the user can move the shooting object to the target position in time and accurately, thereby ensuring the shooting effect.
  • Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a photographing method.
  • the features that are the same as or similar to the previous embodiment will not be repeated, and only the features that are different from the foregoing embodiment will be described below.
  • the feature information includes: face information and sound source location.
  • the photographing device is provided with a plurality of sound sensors, and the sound sensor receives the voice of the person speaking, detects the position of the person speaking, and uses the position of the person speaking as the sound source position.
  • the shooting device includes at least three sound sensors, and the sound source position can be determined by the trilateral method or the triangulation method. The positions of the three sound sensors in the shooting device should be dispersed as much as possible, so that the detection accuracy of the sound source position can be improved.
  • the multiple people When there are multiple people in the screen, the multiple people usually talk alternately, and this embodiment takes the person who is talking as the shooting target. This is especially true in interview activities. When there are multiple interviewees in the screen, multiple interviewees usually answer questions alternately.
  • the face information in this embodiment includes multiple faces, and the subject is identified from the face located at the sound source position. The person who is talking will be the target of the shooting, and the face of the person who is talking will be the target of the shooting.
  • FIG 8(a) there are two characters A and B in the screen, and character A is talking. According to the facial information, two faces are recognized.
  • the sound sensor receives the voice of person A.
  • the detected sound source position is the position of person A.
  • the subject will be identified from the face at the sound source position, that is, A The person's face is taken as the subject.
  • the sound sensor receives the voice of character B speaking, and the detected sound source position is the position of character B, which will be located at the sound source
  • the face of the location recognizes the subject, that is, the face of the person B is taken as the subject.
  • the positions between the faces of the multiple people can also be used as the shooting object.
  • the position between the faces of A and B is taken as the subject, and the position can be the position between the faces of A and B. .
  • the shooting target at the sound source position or the position between the shooting targets can be used as the shooting target.
  • interview activities it can avoid when there are multiple shooting targets in the screen.
  • interviewing the interviewee the shooting effect is affected because it is impossible to determine which interviewee to shoot, which further guarantees the shooting effect.
  • the photographing device includes a camera portion and a pan/tilt.
  • the camera portion and the pan/tilt are connected mechanically and electrically to form the photographing device.
  • the camera is used to identify the subject in the screen.
  • the pan/tilt is used to perform a tracking operation: adjust the posture of the camera unit, so that the shooting object moves to a target position in the frame;
  • the camera unit When the tracking operation is performed and the photographic subject does not move to the target position, the camera unit sends out a prompt message, and the prompt information is used to guide the photographic subject to the target in the screen position.
  • the picture refers to the picture to be imaged, and the camera part recognizes the subject in the picture to be imaged.
  • the imaging unit is shooting, the picture refers to the picture being imaged, and the imaging unit recognizes the subject in the picture being imaged.
  • the feature information refers to the face information of the person.
  • the general focus is on the face of the interviewee, and other parts are not the objects of interest, which may not appear in the picture or appear at the edge of the picture. Therefore, the subject recognized by the imaging unit of this embodiment is the face of the person.
  • the camera department generally has a variety of shooting modes to cope with various shooting scenes, and the tracking mode is one of them.
  • the tracking mode the posture of the camera unit is changed so that the camera lens of the camera unit is aimed at the subject, and the follow-up of the subject can be realized.
  • the camera unit is equipped with input components such as buttons and touch screen, which can be manually set to enter the tracking mode through the buttons or touch screen.
  • the camera part is also equipped with a sound sensor, which can enter the tracking mode by means of sound control trigger.
  • the camera department After entering the tracking mode, the camera department performs tracking operations. Specifically, the imaging unit detects the deviation between the photographic subject and the target position, and generates direction information from the target position to the photographic subject based on the deviation. The pan/tilt head changes the posture of the camera based on the direction information to move the subject to the target position on the screen.
  • the target position can be determined according to the composition rules, and the composition rules are one of the important factors that affect the shooting effect.
  • the composition rule has many connotations. For example, it can refer to the position of the subject in the frame, that is, where the subject is located in the frame.
  • the composition rule may also refer to the angle of the subject in the frame, that is, the angle at which the photographing device shoots the subject.
  • the composition rule may also refer to the completeness of the subject in the frame, that is, the proportion of the portion where the subject appears in the frame.
  • composition rules include balanced composition, symmetrical composition, diagonal composition, triangle composition, and nine-squares composition, which should be selected according to different shooting purposes and desired shooting effects.
  • the center position of the screen may be used as the target position.
  • the subject is located in the center of the screen, so that during the shooting process, such as the interview process, the face of the interviewee is always in the center of the screen, and the image of the interviewee is highlighted, and the shooting effect is good.
  • the target position can be set in a variety of ways.
  • the target position may be a preset position, and the preset position has been set in advance and stored in the camera unit.
  • the camera unit reads the preset position and sets it as the target position to automatically complete the setting of the target position.
  • the target position can also be set manually.
  • the user issues a target position instruction to the camera unit through an input component such as a button or a touch screen, and the camera unit receives the target position instruction and uses the position corresponding to the instruction as the target position.
  • the target location is usually identified by a graphic, such as a circle, a rectangle, etc., and the area enclosed by the graphic represents the target location.
  • the subject usually also occupies an area in the frame.
  • the photographing unit when the tracking operation is performed and the photographic subject has moved to the target position, the photographing unit starts or continues to photograph the photographic subject.
  • the subject can be moved to the target position only by adjusting the posture of the imaging unit itself.
  • the shooting requirements have been met. If the camera was previously framing the scene, you can start shooting the subject at this time. If the camera is already in the shooting state, continue to shoot the subject. Continuously perform tracking operations throughout the shooting process to keep the subject in the target position.
  • the imaging unit sends out a prompt message, and the prompt information is used to guide the photographic subject to the target position.
  • the posture of the imaging unit has an adjustment range.
  • the pan-tilt can change the heading angle, pitch angle and roll angle of the camera. Limited by the rotation range of the pan/tilt, the posture of the camera can only be adjusted within a certain range.
  • the camera unit sends out a prompt message, which prompts the user how to move the photographed object to the target position.
  • the camera unit includes a speaker
  • the prompt information is an auditory prompt
  • the speaker sends out voice prompts to remind the user.
  • the imaging unit detects the deviation between the photographic object and the target position, generates direction information from the target position to the photographic object based on the deviation, and the speaker broadcasts the direction information to the user.
  • the voice prompt prompts the user to move the camera directly above.
  • the specific voice prompt content can be "please Move the imaging unit directly above". After hearing the voice prompt, the user can move the camera directly above, move the subject in the screen directly below, and move the subject to the target position, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the direction information can include multiple directions.
  • the direction information can include multiple directions.
  • it also includes: direct bottom, front left, front right, top left, bottom left, top right, bottom right .
  • the camera unit can determine the direction information corresponding to the deviation according to the deviation between the photographed object and the target position, and prompt the user through voice prompts.
  • the above prompt process is a real-time dynamic process.
  • the photographing unit continuously detects the deviation of the photographed object from the target position, determines the direction information corresponding to the latest deviation, and updates the direction information, thereby moving the photographed object to the target position.
  • the camera when the user moves the camera, the camera can adjust the volume of the speaker according to the distance between the object and the target position. Specifically, when the distance between the shooting object and the target position becomes larger and larger, the volume of the speaker is increased, and vice versa, the volume of the speaker is decreased, that is, the strength of the voice prompt is proportional to the distance between the shooting object and the target position. In this way, the size of the sound can be used to prompt the user whether the direction of movement is correct. If the distance between the subject and the target position becomes larger and larger, it means that the direction of movement is wrong. At this time, the user is prompted with a loud volume. If the distance between the subject and the target position is getting smaller and smaller, it means that the direction of movement is correct.
  • the user is prompted with a low volume.
  • the camera unit can also turn off the speaker.
  • the prompt information in this embodiment is not limited to auditory prompts, and may also be tactile prompts and visual prompts, for example.
  • the camera part is provided with a vibrator, and the vibrator vibrates to realize the tactile prompt to the user, and can represent different direction information through different vibration frequencies and vibration times.
  • the intensity of the vibration can be adjusted according to the distance between the photographed object and the target position.
  • the photographing device of this embodiment in addition to taking the human face as the photographing object, can also take the lips, eyes, nose and other parts as the photographing object to achieve a better photographing effect.
  • the eyes in the picture can be identified in a variety of ways, for example, using the geometric features and gray-scale features of the human eye to locate the eyes, or the pupil classifier is used for human eye recognition, which is obtained through machine learning.
  • the pupil classifier is used for human eye recognition, which is obtained through machine learning.
  • there are many ways to recognize the lips in the picture For example, the face can be segmented in the lower half of the vertical direction to find the left and right corners of the mouth to locate the lips.
  • the above embodiment has been described by taking the shooting target as a person and the part where the shooting object is a person as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited to this, and the shooting device in this embodiment is applicable to any type of shooting target and shooting object.
  • the shooting device of this embodiment when the shooting device cannot move the shooting object to the target position due to the movement of the shooting object or the shaking of the shooting device, and the shooting device is limited by the adjustment range of its own posture, it can send a prompt message to the user. It can guide the user to move the shooting object to the target position, so that the user can move the shooting object to the target position in time and accurately, thereby ensuring the shooting effect.
  • the photographing device in this embodiment may be a pan-tilt camera.
  • the camera body of the camera part also serves as the support or handle of the pan/tilt.
  • One end of the support or handle is connected with the stabilization component of the pan/tilt, and the lens of the camera part is installed on the stabilization component.
  • Stabilization components include: pan axis support, pitch axis support and roll axis support. Through the rotation of each bracket of the stabilizing component, the posture of the camera lens is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the posture of the shooting device. As shown in FIG.
  • the camera part and the pan/tilt of the photographing device of this embodiment may also be separated, that is, the pan/tilt includes a stabilizing component, and a bracket or handle.
  • the whole camera is detachably installed on the stabilization component. Through the rotation of each bracket of the stabilizing component, the overall posture of the camera unit is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the posture of the shooting device.
  • the photographing device may also be a drone.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle includes: an unmanned aerial vehicle body, a camera unit, and a pan/tilt.
  • the pan/tilt is installed on the fuselage of the drone, and the camera is mounted on the pan/tilt.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a photographing device.
  • the features that are the same as or similar to those of the previous embodiment will not be repeated, and only the features that are different from the foregoing embodiment will be described below.
  • the feature information when there are multiple shooting targets in the picture, for example, when there are multiple people in the picture, the feature information includes: face information and sound source location.
  • the photographing equipment is also provided with multiple sound sensors.
  • the sound sensors receive the voice of the person speaking, and detect the position of the person who speaks, and use the position of the person who speaks as the sound source position.
  • the shooting device includes three sound sensors, and the sound source position can be determined by the trilateral method or the triangulation method.
  • the positions of the three sound sensors in the imaging part should be dispersed as much as possible, so that the detection accuracy of the sound source position can be improved.
  • the multiple people When there are multiple people in the screen, the multiple people usually talk alternately, and this embodiment takes the person who is talking as the shooting target. This is especially true in interview activities. When there are multiple interviewees in the screen, multiple interviewees usually answer questions alternately.
  • the face information in this embodiment includes multiple faces, and the subject is identified from the face located at the sound source position. The person who is talking will be the target of the shooting, and the face of the person who is talking will be the target of the shooting.
  • the position between the multiple faces may be used as the photographing object, and the position may be the position in the middle of the multiple faces.
  • the shooting target at the sound source position or the position between the shooting targets can be used as the shooting target.
  • interview activities it can avoid when there are multiple shooting targets in the screen.
  • interviewing the interviewee the shooting effect is affected because it is impossible to determine which interviewee to shoot, which further guarantees the shooting effect.

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Abstract

一种拍摄方法和拍摄设备，拍摄方法包括：识别画面中的拍摄对象；执行一跟踪操作：调整拍摄设备的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动；当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。

Description

一种拍摄方法和拍摄设备 技术领域
本公开涉及拍摄技术领域，尤其涉及一种拍摄方法和拍摄设备。
背景技术
云台、云台相机等轻便的设备可以调节相机的姿态，从而改变画面中的内容，在采访等场景中得到了广泛应用。这类拍摄设备通常具有跟踪拍摄功能，拍摄对象位于画面中的目标位置，如图1(a)所示。当用户跟踪拍摄时，拍摄对象可能会发生移动，或者拍摄设备可以会发生晃动，导致拍摄对象不在目标位置。此时拍摄设备可能受限于自身姿态的调整范围，而无法将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，使拍摄对象偏离目标位置，如图1(b)所示。同时在拍摄过程中，用户通常不会一直关注画面，也就无法时刻注意到拍摄对象的位置。当拍摄对象无法移动至目标位置时，用户常常不能及时发现并进行调整，从而影响拍摄效果，导致拍摄质量低，拍摄的图像不能被使用。
公开内容
本公开提供了一种拍摄方法，包括：
识别画面中的拍摄对象；
执行一跟踪操作：调整拍摄设备的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动；
当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
本公开还提供了一种拍摄设备，包括：
摄像部，用于识别画面中的拍摄对象；
云台，用于执行一跟踪操作：调整所述摄像部的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向所述一目标位置移动；
当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，所述摄像部发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于在所述画面中将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本公开至少具有以下有益效果：
当由于拍摄对象的移动或拍摄设备的晃动，且拍摄设备受限于自身姿态的调整范围而无法将拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，可向用户发出提示信息，提示信息可引导用户将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，使用户能够及时地、准确地将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，从而保证了拍摄效果。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1(a)显示了拍摄对象位于目标位置；图1(b)显示了拍摄对象偏离目标位置。
图2为本公开一实施例的拍摄方法的流程图。
图3(a)显示了拍摄对象小于目标位置时，拍摄对象移动至目标位置的情形；图3(b)显示了拍摄对象大于目标位置时，拍摄对象移动至目标位置的情形；图3(c)显示了拍摄对象与目标位置的重合部分在拍摄对象的占比超过阈值时，拍摄对象移动至目标位置的情形。
图4为本公开一实施例的拍摄方法的另一流程图。
图5显示了拍摄对象未移动至目标位置时的情形。
图6显示了拍摄设备按照提示信息移动的情形。
图7显示了方向信息。
图8(a)显示了A人物说话时画面的情形；图8(b)显示了B人物说话时画面的情形；图8(c)显示了将A人物和B人物之间的位置作为拍摄对象的情形。
图9是本公开实施例的拍摄设备的一种结构示意图。
图10是本公开实施例的拍摄设备的另一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例和实施例中的附图，对本公开技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开一实施例提供了一种拍摄方法，该拍摄方法利用一拍摄设备对 拍摄目标进行拍摄。在本实施例的拍摄方法中，拍摄设备是一种可以通过其自身姿态的改变来调整拍摄视野的设备。作为一种示例，该拍摄设备可以是一种云台相机。一般来说，云台相机的镜头安装于云台上，机身同时作为支架或手柄支撑云台。云台通过改变镜头的姿态，从而调整拍摄视野。作为另一种示例，该拍摄设备也可以是一种云台和相机的组合体。即相机整体安装于云台上，云台通过改变相机整体的姿态，从而调整拍摄视野。
本实施例的拍摄方法，如图2所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤S101：识别画面中的拍摄对象。
步骤S102：执行一跟踪操作：调整拍摄设备的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动。
步骤S103：当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
首先对本实施例的应用场景进行介绍。当利用拍摄设备拍摄目标时，如果有明确的拍摄对象，通常希望将拍摄对象置于画面中的理想位置，并进行跟踪拍摄，以使拍摄对象更加突出和明显，达到良好的拍摄效果。例如采访活动，被采访者作为拍摄目标，一般是将被采访者的人脸作为拍摄对象，理想位置一般是画面的中心位置。这样在整个采访过程中，被采访者的人脸始终位于画面中心，被采访者的形象被突显出来，拍摄效果好。
在步骤S101中，拍摄设备识别画面中的拍摄对象。当拍摄设备在取景时，所述画面是指待成像画面，拍摄设备在待成像画面中识别拍摄对象。当拍摄设备在拍摄时，所述画面是指正在成像的画面，拍摄设备在正在成像的画面中识别拍摄对象。
在本实施例中，拍摄对象一般是指拍摄目标的一个部分区域，拍摄设备根据一特征信息识别该部分区域。当画面中存在一个拍摄目标时，例如，画面中存在一个人物，该特征信息是指该人物的人脸信息。在拍摄过程中，尤其对于采访活动，一般关注的是被采访者的脸部，其他部位不是关注对象，其可以在画面中不出现，或者出现在画面的边缘位置。因此，本实施例将该人物的人脸作为拍摄对象。
在步骤S102中，拍摄设备执行一跟踪操作。在跟踪操作中，拍摄设 备的姿态发生改变，使拍摄对象在画面中向一目标位置移动。
拍摄设备一般具有多种拍摄模式，以应对各种拍摄场景，跟踪模式就是其中之一。在跟踪模式中，拍摄设备的姿态发生改变，使镜头对准拍摄对象，实现对拍摄对象的跟拍。可通过多种方式使拍摄设备进入跟踪模式，例如，手动设置、声控触发等方式。
进入跟踪模式后，拍摄设备执行跟踪操作。具体来说，在步骤S101识别出拍摄对象后，拍摄设备检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，基于该偏差产生目标位置至拍摄对象的方向信息，并基于该方向信息改变自身的姿态，使拍摄对象在画面中向目标位置移动。
其中，目标位置可根据构图规则确定，构图规则是影响拍摄效果的重要因素之一。构图规则有多方面的内涵，例如，其可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的位置，即拍摄对象位于画面中的哪个位置。构图规则还可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中角度，即拍摄设备以何种角度去拍摄拍摄对象。构图规则还可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的完整度，即拍摄对象出现在画面中的部分的占比。
构图规则包括有均衡式构图、对称式构图、对角线构图、三角形构图、九宫格构图等种类，具体应根据不同的拍摄目的和想达到的拍摄效果来选择。
在本实施例中，可将所述画面的中心位置作为目标位置。这样拍摄对象位于画面的中心位置，使得拍摄过程中，例如采访过程中，被采访者的人脸始终位于画面中心，被采访者的形象被突显出来，拍摄效果好。
本实施例中，可通过多种方式设置该目标位置。其中，该目标位置可以是一预设位置，该预设位置已经事先设好且存储在拍摄设备中。当执行跟踪操作时，拍摄设备读取该预设位置，将其设置为目标位置，即可自动完成目标位置的设置。该目标位置还可以手动设置。用户向拍摄设备下发一目标位置指令，拍摄设备接收该目标位置指令，并将该指令对应的位置作为目标位置。其中，用户下发目标位置指令的方式有多种，例如可以通过拍摄设备的按键操作、通过拍摄设备的触摸屏操作、或通过语音声控操作。
执行完跟踪操作后，需要根据所述拍摄对象是否已经移动至所述目标 位置进行不同的操作。
在画面中，目标位置通常利用一图形进行标识，例如，圆形、矩形等图形，图形圈定的区域表示目标位置。拍摄对象通常也占用画面中的一块区域。判断拍摄对象是否已经移动至目标位置的标准可以有多种，在本实施例中，根据拍摄对象与目标位置的重合度进行判断。当拍摄对象与目标位置重合的部分的比例超过一阈值时，则认为拍摄对象已经移动至目标位置，反之，则认为拍摄对象没有移动至目标位置。例如拍摄对象是否已经完全位于标识目标位置的图形内，或者，拍摄对象是否已经完全覆盖标识目标位置的图形。如图3所示，以虚线矩形来标识目标位置。在图3(a)，拍摄对象的面积小于虚线矩形的面积，如果拍摄对象已经完全进入虚线矩形内部，说明拍摄对象已经移动至目标位置；如图3(b)所示，拍摄对象的面积大于虚线矩形的面积，如果拍摄对象将虚线矩形完全覆盖，也说明拍摄对象已经移动至目标位置。还可以如图3(c)所示，拍摄对象与目标位置具有重合的部分，该重合的部分在拍摄对象整体的占比已经超过阈值，则也认为拍摄对象已经移动至目标位置。
之后根据所述拍摄对象是否已经移动至所述目标位置进行不同的操作。如图4所示，本实施例的拍摄方法，还包括：
步骤S103’：当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象已经移动至所述目标位置时，所述拍摄设备开始或继续对拍摄对象进行拍摄。
步骤S103’说明，仅靠拍摄设备自身的姿态调整，就可以将拍摄对象移动至目标位置。当拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，已经满足拍摄要求。如果拍摄设备之前是在取景，此时可以开始对拍摄对象进行拍摄。如果拍摄设备已经处于拍摄状态，继续对拍摄对象进行拍摄。在整个拍摄过程中不断重复跟踪操作，使拍摄对象保持在目标位置
在步骤S103中，当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
步骤S103说明，仅靠拍摄设备自身的姿态调整，拍摄对象不能移动至目标位置。这可能由多种因素造成，比如，拍摄设备的姿态是有调整范围的。拍摄设备一般通过云台实现姿态调整，云台可改变镜头或拍摄设备 的航向角、俯仰角和横滚角。受限于云台的旋转范围，拍摄设备的姿态只可在一定范围内调整。当拍摄设备与拍摄对象的位置关系相差过大时，即使云台已经到旋转范围的极限，拍摄对象还是不能移动至目标位置。例如对于图1(b)所示的情况，相对于目标位置，拍摄对象的位置过于靠上，首先经过步骤S102的跟踪操作，在跟踪操作中，拍摄设备调整姿态，使画面向上移动，拍摄对象随之向下移动。当拍摄设备移动至向上方向的极限时，如图5所示，拍摄对象仍然没有移动目标位置，此时步骤S103将发出一提示信息，该提示信息将提示用户，如何将拍摄对象移动至目标位置。
在本实施例中，该提示信息是一听觉提示，通过发出语音提示的方式提醒用户。拍摄设备检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，基于该偏差产生目标位置至拍摄对象的方向信息，并且将该方向信息播报给用户。例如对于图5所示的情况，拍摄对象与目标位置存在偏差，拍摄对象仍然位于目标位置的正上方，此时语音提示提示用户应向正上方移动拍摄设备，具体的语音提示内容可以是“请向正上方移动拍摄设备”。听到语音提示后，用户即可向正上方移动拍摄设备，使画面中的拍摄对象向正下方移动，使拍摄对象移动至目标位置，如图6所示。
以上只是示例性说明，对于步骤S102和步骤S103，除正上方外，方向信息可以包括多个方向，例如图7所示，还包括：正下方、正左方、正右方、左上方、左下方、右上方、右下方。拍摄设备可根据拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，确定与偏差对应的方向信息，并通过语音提示提示用户。
需要说明的是，上述提示过程是一个实时的动态过程。在用户移动拍摄设备时，拍摄设备不断检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，并确定与最新的偏差对应的方向信息，对方向信息进行更新，从而使拍摄对象移动至目标位置。
在本实施例中，在用户移动拍摄设备时，可以根据拍摄对象与目标位置的距离调节语音提示的强度。具体来说，当拍摄对象与目标位置的距离越来越大时，提高语音提示的音量，反之，降低语音提示的音量，也就说说所述语音提示的强度正比于拍摄对象与目标位置的距离。如此可以通过声音的大小来提示用户移动方向是否正确。如果拍摄对象与目标位置的距 离越来越大，说明移动方向有误，此时通过大音量提示用户。如果拍摄对象与目标位置的距离越来越小，说明移动方向正确，此时通过小音量提示用户。当拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，还可以关闭语音提示。通过上述方式，可以更加准确的对用户进行引导，更快的使拍摄对象移动至目标位置，提高使用便利性和效率。
以上只是示例性说明，本实施例的提示信息不限于听觉提示，例如还可以是触觉提示和视觉提示。拍摄设备通过振动实现对用户的触觉提示，可通过不同的振动频率、振动次数来代表不同的方向信息。同样，在用户移动拍摄设备时，可以根据拍摄对象与目标位置的距离调节振动的强度。
本实施例的拍摄方法，除了将人脸作为拍摄对象，还可以将嘴唇、眼睛、鼻子等部位作为拍摄对象，以达到更好的拍摄效果。可通过多种方式识别画面中的眼睛，例如，利用人眼的几何特征、灰度特征实现对眼睛的定位，或者，通过瞳孔分类器进行人眼识别，瞳孔分类器通过机器学习得到。同样，识别画面中的嘴唇的方式也有多种，例如，可人脸在垂直方向的下半部进行分割，查找左右嘴角点，从而定位嘴唇。
以上以拍摄目标为人，拍摄对象为人的部位为例，对本实施例进行了说明，但本公开并不限于此，本实施例的拍摄方法适用于任何类型的拍摄目标和拍摄对象。
当用户利用拍摄设备拍摄时，拍摄对象可能会发生移动，拍摄设备可以会发生晃动，导致拍摄对象不在目标位置。但用户通常无法一直关注画面，也就无法一直注意到拍摄对象的位置。本实施例的拍摄方法，当由于拍摄对象的移动或拍摄设备的晃动，且拍摄设备受限于自身姿态的调整范围而无法将拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，可向用户发出提示信息，提示信息可引导用户将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，使用户能够及时地、准确地将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，从而保证了拍摄效果。
本公开另一实施例提供了一种拍摄方法，为简要描述，其与上一实施例相同或相似的特征不再赘述，以下仅描述其不同于上述实施例的特征。
在所述步骤S101中，画面中存在多个拍摄目标，例如，画面中存在多个人物时，特征信息包括：人脸信息和声源位置。
拍摄设备设置有多个声音传感器，声音传感器接收人物说话的声音， 并检测出说话人物的位置，将说话人物的位置作为声源位置。一般来说，拍摄设备包括至少三个声音传感器，可通过三边测量法或三角测量法即可确定声源位置。三个声音传感器在拍摄设备中的位置应尽量分散，这样可以提高声源位置的检测精度。
当画面中存在多个人物时，多个人物通常会交替说话，本实施例将正在说话的人物作为拍摄目标。这在采访活动中尤其如此，当画面中存在多个被采访者时，多个被采访者通常会交替回答问题。在这种情况下，本实施例中的人脸信息包括多个人脸，从位于声源位置的人脸识别出拍摄对象。即将正在说话的人物作为拍摄目标，并将正在说话的人物的人脸作为拍摄对象。
如图8(a)所述，画面中存在两个人物A和B，A人物正在说话。根据人脸信息识别出两个人脸，声音传感器接收到的是A人物说话的声音，检测出的声源位置是A人物的位置，将从位于声源位置的人脸识别出拍摄对象，即将A人物的人脸作为拍摄对象。如图8(b)所述，当A人物不说话，B人物开始说话时，声音传感器接收到的是B人物说话的声音，检测出的声源位置是B人物的位置，将从位于声源位置的人脸识别出拍摄对象，即将B人物的人脸作为拍摄对象。
本实施例的拍摄方法，当画面中存在多个人物时，还可以将多个人脸之间的位置作为拍摄对象。如图8(c)所示，当画面中存在A和B两个人物时，将A和B的人脸之间的位置作为拍摄对象，该位置可以是A和B的人脸正中间的位置。
本实施例的拍摄方法，当画面中存在多个拍摄目标时，可将声源位置处的拍摄目标或拍摄目标之间的位置作为拍摄对象，尤其对于采访活动，可避免当画面中有多个被采访者时，因无法确定拍摄哪个被采访者而影响拍摄效果，从而进一步保证了拍摄效果。
本公开又一实施例提供了一种拍摄设备，所述拍摄设备包括摄像部和云台，摄像部和云台之间通过机械连接和电气连接，组成所述拍摄设备。
摄像部用于识别画面中的拍摄对象。
云台用于执行一跟踪操作：调整所述摄像部的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动；
当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，所述摄像部发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于在所述画面中将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
当摄像部在取景时，所述画面是指待成像画面，摄像部识别待成像画面中的拍摄对象。当摄像部在拍摄时，所述画面是指正在成像的画面，摄像部识别正在成像的画面中的拍摄对象。
在本实施例中，当摄像部画面中存在一个拍摄目标时，例如，画面中存在一个人物，该特征信息是指该人物的人脸信息。在拍摄过程中，尤其对于采访活动，一般关注的是被采访者的脸部，其他部位不是关注对象，其可以在画面中不出现，或者出现在画面的边缘位置。因此，本实施例的摄像部识别的拍摄对象为该人物的人脸。
摄像部一般具有多种拍摄模式，以应对各种拍摄场景，跟踪模式就是其中之一。在跟踪模式中，摄像部的姿态发生改变，使摄像部镜头对准拍摄对象，实现对拍摄对象的跟拍。
摄像部设置有按键和触摸屏等输入部件，可通过按键或触摸屏手动设置进入跟踪模式。摄像部还设置有声音传感器，可通过声控触发的方式进入跟踪模式。
进入跟踪模式后，摄像部执行跟踪操作。具体来说，摄像部检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，基于该偏差产生目标位置至拍摄对象的方向信息。云台基于该方向信息改变摄像部的姿态，使拍摄对象在画面中向目标位置移动。
其中，目标位置可根据构图规则确定，构图规则是影响拍摄效果的重要因素之一。构图规则有多方面的内涵，例如，其可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的位置，即拍摄对象位于画面中的哪个位置。构图规则还可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中角度，即拍摄设备以何种角度去拍摄拍摄对象。构图规则还可以是指所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的完整度，即拍摄对象出现在画面中的部分的占比。
构图规则包括有均衡式构图、对称式构图、对角线构图、三角形构图、九宫格构图等种类，具体应根据不同的拍摄目的和想达到的拍摄效果来选择。
在本实施例中，可将所述画面的中心位置作为目标位置。这样拍摄对象位于画面的中心位置，使得拍摄过程中，例如采访过程中，被采访者的人脸始终位于画面中心，被采访者的形象被突显出来，拍摄效果好。
本实施例中，可通过多种方式设置该目标位置。其中，该目标位置可以是一预设位置，该预设位置已经事先设好且存储在摄像部中。当执行跟踪操作时，摄像部读取该预设位置，将其设置为目标位置，即可自动完成目标位置的设置。该目标位置还可以手动设置。用户通过按键或触摸屏等输入部件向摄像部下发一目标位置指令，摄像部接收该目标位置指令，并将该指令对应的位置作为目标位置。
在画面中，目标位置通常利用一图形进行标识，例如，圆形、矩形等图形，图形圈定的区域表示目标位置。拍摄对象通常也占用画面中的一块区域。判断拍摄对象是否已经移动至目标位置的标准可以有多种，在本实施例中，根据拍摄对象与目标位置的重合度进行判断。当拍摄对象与目标位置重合的部分的比例超过一阈值时，则认为拍摄对象已经移动至目标位置，反之，则认为拍摄对象没有移动至目标位置。例如拍摄对象是否已经完全位于标识目标位置的图形内，或者，拍摄对象是否已经完全覆盖标识目标位置的图形。
本实施例的拍摄设备，当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象已经移动至所述目标位置时，摄像部开始或继续对拍摄对象进行拍摄。
在这种情况下，仅靠摄像部自身的姿态调整，就可以将拍摄对象移动至目标位置。当拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，已经满足拍摄要求。如果摄像部之前是在取景，此时可以开始对拍摄对象进行拍摄。如果摄像部已经处于拍摄状态，继续对拍摄对象进行拍摄。在整个拍摄过程中不断执行跟踪操作，使拍摄对象保持在目标位置。
当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，摄像部发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
在这种情况下，仅靠摄像部自身的姿态调整，拍摄对象不能移动至目标位置。这可能由多种因素造成，比如，摄像部的姿态是有调整范围的。云台可改变摄像部的航向角、俯仰角和横滚角。受限于云台的旋转范围， 摄像部的姿态只可在一定范围内调整。当摄像部与拍摄对象的位置关系相差过大时，即使云台已经到旋转范围的极限，拍摄对象还是不能移动至目标位置。此时摄像部发出一提示信息，该提示信息将提示用户，如何将拍摄对象移动至目标位置。
在本实施例中，摄像部包括扬声器，该提示信息是一听觉提示，扬声器发出语音提示提醒用户。摄像部检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，基于该偏差产生目标位置至拍摄对象的方向信息，扬声器将该方向信息播报给用户。例如对于图5所示的情况，拍摄对象与目标位置存在偏差，拍摄对象仍然位于目标位置的正上方，此时语音提示提示用户应向正上方移动摄像部，具体的语音提示内容可以是“请向正上方移动摄像部”。听到语音提示后，用户即可向正上方移动摄像部，使画面中的拍摄对象向正下方移动，使拍摄对象移动至目标位置，如图6所示。
以上只是示例性说明，除正上方外，方向信息可以包括多个方向，例如图7所示，还包括：正下方、正左方、正右方、左上方、左下方、右上方、右下方。摄像部可根据拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，确定与偏差对应的方向信息，并通过语音提示提示用户。
需要说明的是，上述提示过程是一个实时的动态过程。在用户移动拍摄设备时，摄像部不断检测拍摄对象与目标位置的偏差，并确定与最新的偏差对应的方向信息，对方向信息进行更新，从而使拍摄对象移动至目标位置。
在本实施例中，在用户移动摄像部时，摄像部可根据拍摄对象与目标位置的距离调节扬声器的音量大小。具体来说，当拍摄对象与目标位置的距离越来越大时，提高扬声器的音量，反之，降低扬声器的音量，也就说说所述语音提示的强度正比于拍摄对象与目标位置的距离。如此可以通过声音的大小来提示用户移动方向是否正确。如果拍摄对象与目标位置的距离越来越大，说明移动方向有误，此时通过大音量提示用户。如果拍摄对象与目标位置的距离越来越小，说明移动方向正确，此时通过小音量提示用户。当拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，摄像部还可以关闭扬声器。通过上述方式，可以更加准确的对用户进行引导，更快的使拍摄对象移动至目标位置，提高使用便利性和效率。
以上只是示例性说明，本实施例的提示信息不限于听觉提示，例如还可以是触觉提示和视觉提示。摄像部设置有振动器，振动器振动实现对用户的触觉提示，可通过不同的振动频率、振动次数来代表不同的方向信息。同样，在用户移动拍摄设备时，可以根据拍摄对象与目标位置的距离调节振动的强度。
本实施例的拍摄设备，除了将人脸作为拍摄对象，还可以将嘴唇、眼睛、鼻子等部位作为拍摄对象，以达到更好的拍摄效果。可通过多种方式识别画面中的眼睛，例如，利用人眼的几何特征、灰度特征实现对眼睛的定位，或者，通过瞳孔分类器进行人眼识别，瞳孔分类器通过机器学习得到。同样，识别画面中的嘴唇的方式也有多种，例如，可人脸在垂直方向的下半部进行分割，查找左右嘴角点，从而定位嘴唇。
以上以拍摄目标为人，拍摄对象为人的部位为例，对本实施例进行了说明，但本公开并不限于此，本实施例的拍摄设备适用于任何类型的拍摄目标和拍摄对象。
当用户利用摄像部拍摄时，拍摄对象可能会发生移动，摄像部可以会发生晃动，导致拍摄对象不在目标位置。但用户通常无法一直关注画面，也就无法一直注意到拍摄对象的位置。本实施例的拍摄设备，当由于拍摄对象的移动或拍摄设备的晃动，且拍摄设备受限于自身姿态的调整范围而无法将拍摄对象移动至目标位置时，可向用户发出提示信息，提示信息可引导用户将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，使用户能够及时地、准确地将拍摄对象移动至目标位置，从而保证了拍摄效果。
需要说明的是，本实施例不对摄像部与云台之间的机械连接方式进行限定。本实施例的拍摄设备可以为云台相机。如图9所示，在云台相机中，摄像部的机身同时作为云台的支架或手柄，支架或手柄的一端连接有云台的增稳组件，摄像部的镜头安装在增稳组件上。增稳组件包括：航向轴支架、俯仰轴支架和横滚轴支架。通过增稳组件各个支架的旋转，调节摄像部镜头的姿态，实现拍摄设备姿态的调整。如图10所示，本实施例拍摄设备的摄像部和云台也可以是分离式的，即云台包括增稳组件、以及支架或手柄。相机整体可拆卸地安装于增稳组件上。通过增稳组件各个支架的旋转，调节摄像部整体的姿态，实现拍摄设备姿态的调整。
在本实施例中，所述拍摄设备还可以为无人机。所述无人机包括：无人机机身、摄像部和云台。所述云台安装于所述无人机机身，摄像部安装于云台上。
本公开再一实施例提供了一种拍摄设备，为简要描述，其与上一实施例相同或相似的特征不再赘述，以下仅描述其不同于上述实施例的特征。
本实施例的拍摄设备，当画面中存在多个拍摄目标，例如，画面中存在多个人物时，特征信息包括：人脸信息和声源位置。
拍摄设备还设有多个声音传感器，声音传感器接收人物说话的声音，并检测出说话人物的位置，将说话人物的位置作为声源位置。一般来说，如图9所示，拍摄设备包括三个声音传感器，可通过三边测量法或三角测量法即可确定声源位置。三个声音传感器在摄像部中的位置应尽量分散，这样可以提高声源位置的检测精度。
当画面中存在多个人物时，多个人物通常会交替说话，本实施例将正在说话的人物作为拍摄目标。这在采访活动中尤其如此，当画面中存在多个被采访者时，多个被采访者通常会交替回答问题。在这种情况下，本实施例中的人脸信息包括多个人脸，从位于声源位置的人脸识别出拍摄对象。即将正在说话的人物作为拍摄目标，并将正在说话的人物的人脸作为拍摄对象。
本实施例的拍摄设备，当画面中存在多个人物时，还可以将多个人脸之间的位置作为拍摄对象，该位置可以是多个人脸正中间的位置。
本实施例的拍摄设备，当画面中存在多个拍摄目标时，可将声源位置处的拍摄目标或拍摄目标之间的位置作为拍摄对象，尤其对于采访活动，可避免当画面中有多个被采访者时，因无法确定拍摄哪个被采访者而影响拍摄效果，从而进一步保证了拍摄效果。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；在不冲突的情况下，本公开实施例中的特征可以任意组合；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (42)

  1. 一种拍摄方法，其特征在于，包括：
    识别画面中的拍摄对象；
    执行一跟踪操作：调整拍摄设备的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动；
    当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，根据特征信息识别所述拍摄对象。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述特征信息包括以下的至少一种：人脸信息、声源位置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括一个人脸时，从所述人脸中识别出所述拍摄对象。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括多个人脸时，从位于所述声源位置的所述人脸识别出所述拍摄对象。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括多个人脸时，将多个所述人脸之间的位置作为所述拍摄对象。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述拍摄对象包括：脸部、嘴唇、眼睛、鼻子的至少其中之一。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，还包括：将一预设位置自动设置为所述目标位置。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收目标位置指令；
    将所述目标位置指令对应的位置作为所述目标位置。
  10. 如权利要求1、8或9所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述目标位置根据构图规则确定。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述构图规则包括以下的至少其中之一：所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的位置、所述拍摄对象在所述画面中角度、所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的完整度。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述目标位置为 所述画面的中心位置。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述提示信息采用以下形式的至少其中之一：听觉提示、触觉提示、视觉提示。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述提示信息包括：所述目标位置至所述拍摄对象的方向信息。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，在所述跟踪操作中，根据所述目标位置至所述拍摄对象的方向信息，所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向所述目标位置移动。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，在所述移动的过程中，根据所述拍摄对象与所述目标位置的相对位置更新所述方向信息。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述提示信息的强度正比于所述拍摄对象与所述目标位置的距离。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，所述画面为待成像画面，或者，正在成像的画面。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的拍摄方法，其特征在于，当所述画面为待成像画面时，所述拍摄方法还包括：
    当所述拍摄对象在所述待成像画面中移动至所述目标位置后，开始对所述拍摄对象进行成像。
  20. 一种拍摄设备，其特征在于，包括：
    摄像部，用于识别画面中的拍摄对象；
    云台，用于执行一跟踪操作：调整所述摄像部的姿态，使所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向一目标位置移动；
    当经过所述跟踪操作且所述拍摄对象未移动至所述目标位置时，所述摄像部发出一提示信息，所述提示信息用于在所述画面中将所述拍摄对象引导至所述目标位置。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述摄像部根据特征信息识别所述拍摄对象。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述特征信息包括以下的至少一种：人脸信息、声源位置。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括一个人脸时，所述摄像部从所述人脸中识别出所述拍摄对象。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括多个人脸时，所述摄像部从位于所述声源位置的所述人脸识别出所述拍摄对象。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，当所述人脸信息包括多个人脸时，所述摄像部将多个所述人脸之间的位置作为所述拍摄对象。
  26. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述摄像部将一预设位置自动设置为所述目标位置。
  27. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述摄像部接收目标位置指令，并将所述目标位置指令对应的位置作为所述目标位置。
  28. 如权利要求20、26或27所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述目标位置根据构图规则确定。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述构图规则包括以下的至少其中之一：所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的位置、所述拍摄对象在所述画面中角度、所述拍摄对象在所述画面中的完整度。
  30. 如权利要求28所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述目标位置为所述画面的中心位置。
  31. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述提示信息采用以下形式的至少其中之一：听觉提示、触觉提示、视觉提示。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述提示信息包括：所述目标位置至所述拍摄对象的方向信息。
  33. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，在所述跟踪操作中，根据所述目标位置至所述拍摄对象的方向信息，所述拍摄对象在所述画面中向所述目标位置移动。
  34. 如权利要求32或33所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，在所述移动的过程中，所述摄像部根据所述拍摄对象与所述目标位置的相对位置更新所述方向信息。
  35. 如权利要求31所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述提示信息的 强度正比于所述拍摄对象与所述目标位置的距离。
  36. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述画面为待成像画面，或者，正在成像的画面。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，当所述画面为待成像画面且所述拍摄对象在所述待成像画面中移动至所述目标位置后，所述摄像部开始对所述拍摄对象进行成像。
  38. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述拍摄设备为云台相机。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述摄像部的镜头安装于所述云台的增稳组件，所述摄像部的机身同时作为所述云台的支架或手柄，所述支架或手柄的一端连接所述云台的增稳组件。
  40. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述摄像部包括：机身与镜头；所述镜头安装于所述机身上，所述机身安装于所述云台上。
  41. 如权利要求20所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述拍摄设备为无人机。
  42. 如权利要求41所述的拍摄设备，其特征在于，所述无人机还包括：无人机机身；所述云台安装于所述无人机机身。
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