WO2021052116A1 - 充电过流保护电路及方法 - Google Patents

充电过流保护电路及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021052116A1
WO2021052116A1 PCT/CN2020/110922 CN2020110922W WO2021052116A1 WO 2021052116 A1 WO2021052116 A1 WO 2021052116A1 CN 2020110922 W CN2020110922 W CN 2020110922W WO 2021052116 A1 WO2021052116 A1 WO 2021052116A1
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current
load
overcurrent protection
power supply
module
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PCT/CN2020/110922
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English (en)
French (fr)
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任前山
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展讯通信（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2021052116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021052116A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits

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  • the invention relates to the field of circuits, in particular to a charging overcurrent protection circuit and method.
  • the thermistor (PTC, Positive Temperature Coefficient, generally refers to semiconductor materials or components with a large positive temperature coefficient) is connected in series in the charging circuit for protection.
  • PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient
  • the use of PTC resistors is easily affected by the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature rises, the resistance value of the PTC resistance increases, and the voltage drop on the resistance increases accordingly, and the temperature of the PTC resistance increases during long-term operation, which will cause the output load voltage to fluctuate relatively large. It may cause abnormal power supply to the load.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is how to protect the charging circuit from overload, avoid the influence of the thermistor on the load voltage variation, and ensure the normal power supply to the load.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a charging overcurrent protection circuit, which is characterized in that the circuit includes a power interface, an overcurrent protection module, a power supply path, and a load interface; the power interface is used to connect a power supply device , The load interface is used to connect to a load device; the power interface is connected to the load interface via a power supply path, the power supply path includes a current detection module and a load switch connected in series, wherein the current detection module is used to detect The current current of the power supply path; the overcurrent protection module is used to generate a first control signal according to the detection result of the current detection module, the first control signal is transmitted to the control terminal of the load switch, if the detection The result shows that the magnitude of the current current exceeds a first threshold, and the first control signal controls the load switch to turn off.
  • the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module controls the load switch to close; after the load switch is closed, if the The detection result indicates that the magnitude of the current current does not exceed the first threshold value, and the control signal first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module controls the load switch to maintain a closed state.
  • the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module controls the load switch to turn off. open.
  • the overcurrent protection module generates The first control signal controls the load switch to turn off.
  • the over-current protection circuit further includes a prompt module, which is coupled to the over-current protection module; the over-current protection module is further configured to generate a second A control signal. If the detection result indicates that the current current exceeds a first threshold, the second control signal controls the prompt module to issue a first prompt.
  • the second control signal controls the prompt module to issue a second prompt, and the second prompt is different from the first prompt .
  • the second control signal controls the prompt module to issue a third prompt, and the third prompt Different from the first prompt and the second prompt.
  • the current detection module includes a resistor, the resistor is connected in series with the load switch, and the current detection module is coupled to both ends of the resistor.
  • the overcurrent protection module is implemented by a micro-control unit.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a charging overcurrent protection method, the method includes: connecting a power supply device with a power interface, a load device with a load interface, the power interface is connected with the load interface via a power supply path, the The power supply path includes a current detection module and a load switch connected in series; when the load switch is closed, the power supply device supplies power to the load device through the power supply path; the current detection module detects the current current in the power supply path and passes The current protection module controls the closing or opening of the load switch according to the detection result of the current detection module; if the detection result shows that the magnitude of the current current exceeds a first threshold, the overcurrent protection module controls the The load switch is open.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a charging overcurrent protection circuit, the circuit includes a power interface, an overcurrent protection module, a power supply path, and a load interface; the power interface is used to connect to a power supply device, and the load interface is used to connect to a load device
  • the power supply interface is connected to the load interface via a power supply path, the power supply path includes a current detection module and a load switch connected in series, wherein the current detection module is used to detect the current current of the power supply path;
  • the current protection module is configured to generate a first control signal according to the detection result of the current detection module, and the first control signal is transmitted to the control terminal of the load switch.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit can automatically detect the magnitude of the current flowing to the load, and in the process of charging or supplying power to the load, when the load is short-circuited or the circuit has an overcurrent situation, the power supply to the load is automatically disconnected. Prevent the load and power supply device from being damaged or fire caused by abnormal short circuit. Since the over-current protection in this embodiment is realized by current detection, it can be judged that the power supply to the load is normal based only on the current of the circuit, and is not affected by environmental factors such as temperature, and can accurately judge the working condition of the power supply circuit.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit starts to supply power to the load device, that is, the load switch is in the closed state; if the current in the circuit is always small or even within the second preset time period If it is 0, the load switch is disconnected, and the power supply path is cut off to realize circuit protection.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit may also include a prompt module.
  • the prompt module can be used to send a prompt signal to the outside world, so that the user can understand the circuit state according to the prompt signal and promptly respond to the abnormal state. Troubleshoot.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a charging overcurrent protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the existing power supply circuit does not have a current abnormality detection function.
  • the power supply load is short-circuited due to some abnormality, it is easy to damage the load or cause a risk of fire.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a charging overcurrent protection circuit, which is characterized in that the circuit includes a power interface, an overcurrent protection module, a power supply path, and a load interface; the power interface is used to connect a power supply device , The load interface is used to connect to a load device; the power interface is connected to the load interface via a power supply path, the power supply path includes a current detection module and a load switch connected in series, wherein the current detection module is used to detect The current current of the power supply path; the overcurrent protection module is used to generate a first control signal according to the detection result of the current detection module, the first control signal is transmitted to the control terminal of the load switch, if the detection The result shows that the magnitude of the current current exceeds a first threshold, and the first control signal controls the load switch to turn off.
  • the charging circuit can be overloaded, and the influence of the thermistor on the load voltage variation can be avoided, and the normal power supply to the load can be ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit includes a power interface 101, an overcurrent protection module 102, a power supply path 103, and a load interface 104;
  • the power supply interface 101 is used to connect to power supply equipment, the load interface 104 is used to connect to load equipment;
  • the power supply interface 101 is connected to the load interface 104 via a power supply path 103, and the power supply path 103 includes a current detection module connected in series 113 and a load switch 123, wherein the current detection module 113 is used to detect the current current of the power supply path 103;
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 is used to generate a first control signal according to the detection result of the current detection module 113
  • the first control signal is transmitted to the control terminal of the load switch 123, and if the detection result indicates that the magnitude of the current current exceeds a first threshold, the first control signal controls the load switch 123 to turn off.
  • the charging circuit includes a power interface 101 for connecting to the power supply device, and the charging overcurrent protection circuit can be connected to the power supply device.
  • the power supply device can be a common power supply device such as a fixed power supply or a mobile charging device; the charging circuit It should also include the load interface 104 for connecting to the load device.
  • the load device is the device connected to the charging overcurrent protection circuit to realize the power supply or charging of the power supply device, such as personal mobile terminals such as mobile phones and computers, or home appliances
  • the charging circuit is a power supply line for mobile phones, computer chargers, or home appliances, etc.; and a power supply path 103 that connects the power interface 101 and the load interface 104.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit in FIG. 1 also includes an overcurrent protection module 102 for overcurrent protection of the power supply path 103.
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 detects that the current current in the power supply path 103 is too large, such as When there are short-circuit components in the circuit, stop the power supply to the load.
  • the technician can set the first threshold according to the normal power supply current and the characteristics of the load equipment.
  • the first threshold is the current value, such as 0.5A, 1A, 5A, etc., to determine whether the current current in the power supply path 103 is normal. When the current exceeds the first threshold, it indicates that there is an abnormal situation such as a short circuit in the circuit; when the current current does not exceed the first threshold, it indicates that the circuit is normal.
  • the first control signal is a signal sent by the overcurrent protection module 102 and used to control the opening or closing of the load switch.
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 implements overcurrent protection for the power supply path by detecting the current current flowing in the power supply path 103 in real time through the current detection module 113 included in the power supply path, and controlling the load switch 123 in the power supply path 103 according to the current current. Close or open. When the load switch 123 is closed, a path is formed in the charging overcurrent protection circuit.
  • the power supply device starts to supply power to the load device; when the load switch 123 is off In the open state, the charging overcurrent protection circuit cannot form a conductive path, and the power supply device cuts off the power supply to the load device.
  • the above charging overcurrent protection circuit can automatically detect the magnitude of the current flowing to the load.
  • the overcurrent protection in this embodiment is realized by current detection, it is only judged that the power supply to the load is normal based on the current of the circuit, and is not affected by environmental factors such as temperature, with high accuracy, fast response, and stable output voltage.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit in FIG. 1 further includes: after the load switch 123 is turned off for a first preset period of time, the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module 102 controls the load The switch 123 is closed; after the load switch 123 is closed, if the detection result indicates that the current current does not exceed the first threshold, the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module 102 controls the The load switch 123 remains closed.
  • the first preset duration is a preset duration, such as 20 minutes or half an hour, and so on.
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 controls the load switch 123 to close through the generated first control information, and automatically The power supply to the load device is restored; if the current in the circuit is normal after the power supply is restored, that is, when the current current detected by the current detection module 113 does not exceed the first threshold, the power supply state to the load device is maintained.
  • the power supply is disconnected for the first preset period of time, and then the power supply to the load device is attempted to be restored. If there is no over-current phenomenon, the power supply status to the load equipment is maintained.
  • the power supply to the load equipment is cut off; and after the load equipment returns to normal through water draining and other treatments, the power supply to the load equipment is automatically restored, without the need for special personnel to control the load switch , Which makes the control of the circuit more intelligent.
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 After the load switch 123 is closed, if the detection result indicates that the current current exceeds the first threshold, the overcurrent protection module 102 generates the first A control signal controls the load switch 123 to turn off.
  • the load switch 123 will continue to be turned off to ensure safe power supply in the circuit.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit can also include an alarm module, which can be illuminated by LED lights and other equipment The signal can also be a sound signal from a loudspeaker or other equipment, or it can be a device that sends out other alarm signals.
  • the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module 102 controls the load switch 123 to be turned off.
  • the second preset duration is another preset duration, such as 20 seconds.
  • the load interface 104 if the load interface 104 is connected to the load device, the time when the load device is connected is counted. If the current detection module 113 detects that the current in the power supply path is always small, it is considered The load device has no load, and there may be an open circuit in the load device, and the circuit cannot normally supply power to the load device.
  • the first control signal generated by the overcurrent protection module 102 controls the load switch 123 to be turned off.
  • the second threshold is a preset current value, which can be 0A and so on.
  • the charging overcurrent protection circuit starts to supply power to the load device, that is, the load switch 123 is in the closed state; if within the second preset time period, the current in the circuit If it is always small or even 0, the load switch 123 is disconnected to cut off the power supply path to realize circuit protection.
  • the above-mentioned over-current protection circuit further includes a prompt module 201, which is coupled to the over-current protection module 102; the over-current protection module 102 is also used to
  • the detection result of the current detection module 113 generates a second control signal, and if the detection result indicates that the magnitude of the current current exceeds a first threshold, the second control signal controls the prompt module 201 to issue a first prompt.
  • the over-current protection circuit may further include a prompt module 201 for sending out a prompt signal.
  • the over-current protection module 102 is coupled to it and controls the prompt module 201 to send out a prompt through a second control signal.
  • the first prompt indicates that there is an abnormal situation such as a short circuit in the circuit, that is, the current magnitude exceeds the first threshold.
  • the first prompt can be realized by lighting one or a group of LED lights, that is, when the current circuit size exceeds the first threshold, the overcurrent protection module 102 lights the corresponding one or a group of LED lights.
  • the prompt module 201 sends out the first prompt, and sends out a prompt signal to indicate that there is an abnormal condition such as a short circuit in the circuit.
  • the second control signal controls the prompt module 201 to issue a second prompt.
  • the second prompt is different from the first prompt.
  • the second reminder is another situation that characterizes the current magnitude of the current in the circuit is lower than the second threshold, that is, the current in the circuit is always small or even zero, and the power supply to the circuit is abnormal.
  • the second prompt can be realized by lighting another or another group of LED lights.
  • the second control signal controls the prompt module 201 to issue The third prompt is different from the first prompt and the second prompt.
  • the third hint is to indicate that the current current in the circuit is within the normal range, that is, the power supply device supplies power to the load device normally through the charging overcurrent protection circuit.
  • the third prompt can also light up one or a group of LED lights, or the prompt module 201 can be implemented by a device that can issue three different prompts.
  • a reminder signal can be sent to the outside through the reminder module, so that the user can understand the circuit state according to the reminder signal, and promptly investigate the abnormal state.
  • the current detection module in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a resistor, which is connected in series with the load switch 123, the current detection module 113 is coupled to both ends of the resistor, and the current detection module detects the flow through the resistor.
  • the current detects the size of the current current in the power supply path.
  • the current detection module can be implemented by a voltage testing device connected in parallel across the resistor. This voltage detection device can be a voltmeter.
  • the overcurrent protection module 102 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is implemented by using a microcontroller unit (Microcontroller Unit, MCU).
  • MCU Microcontroller Unit
  • the present invention also provides another over-current protection circuit; the description of the components in the circuit is: CON1 is a power supply terminal that can contain data transmission wires and is connected to power supply equipment; CON2 is a load terminal that is connected to load equipment; MCU It is a micro control unit. R is the current detection resistor. The current current I in the circuit can be calculated by measuring the voltage at both ends of R. Q is the load switch, which is used to turn on and off the load power supply.
  • LED1 is on when there is no load device
  • LED2 is on when the load device is normally powered
  • LED3 is on for overcurrent
  • the present invention also provides a charging overcurrent protection method. Please refer to FIG. 4.
  • the charging overcurrent protection method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step S401 Connect a power supply device with a power interface, and a load device with a load interface.
  • the power interface is connected with the load interface via a power supply path.
  • the power supply path includes a current detection module and a load switch connected in series.
  • Step S402 When the load switch is closed, the power supply device supplies power to the load device through a power supply path.
  • step S403 the current current in the power supply path is detected by the current detection module, and the overcurrent protection module is used to control the closing or opening of the load switch according to the detection result of the current detection module.
  • Step S404 If the detection result indicates that the current current exceeds a first threshold, the overcurrent protection module controls the load switch to turn off.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium can include: ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or CD, etc.

Abstract

一种充电过流保护电路及方法，所述充电过流保护电路包括：电源接口、过流保护模块、供电通路和负载接口；电源接口用于连接供电设备，负载接口用于连接负载设备；电源接口经由供电通路与负载接口连接，供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关，其中，电流检测模块用于检测供电通路的当前电流；过流保护模块用于根据电流检测模块的检测结果产生第一控制信号，第一控制信号传输至负载开关的控制端，若检测结果表明当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，第一控制信号控制负载开关断开。通过此充电过流保护电路，能够对充电线路进行过载保护，且避免热敏电阻对负载电压变动的影响，保证对负载的正常供电。

Description

充电过流保护电路及方法
本申请要求于2019年9月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910881239.7、发明名称为“充电过流保护电路及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电路领域，具体地涉及一种充电过流保护电路及方法。
背景技术
目前很多的供电设备，如电源线等，都不具备输出电流异常检测的功能，当供电的负载因为某些异常出现短路时候很容易出现损坏负载或者发生火灾的风险。
现有技术中，若需要对充电线路进行过载保护时，主要是在充电线路中串接热敏电阻(PTC，Positive Temperature Coefficient，泛指正温度系数很大的半导体材料或元器件)来进行保护，但是使用PTC电阻容易受环境温度的影响。当环境温度升高时候PTC电阻阻值响应的增加，在电阻上产生的压降相应的增加，并且PTC电阻在长时间工作自身温度也会增加，这样会导致输出的负载电压波动比较大，有可能会导致给负载的供电异常。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是如何对充电线路进行过载保护，且避免热敏电阻对负载电压变动的影响，保证对负载的正常供电。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述电路包括电源接口、过流保护模块、供电通路和负载接口；所述电源接口用于连接供电设备，所述负载接口用于连接负载设备；所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关，其中，所述电流检测模块用于检测所述供电通路的当前电流；所述过流保护模块用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号传输至所述负载开关的控制端，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
可选的，在所述负载开关断开第一预设时长后，所述过流保护模块生成的控制信号第一控制信号控制所述负载开关闭合；在所述负载开关闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不超过所述第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的控制信号第一控制信号控制所述负载开关保持闭合状态。
可选的，在所述负载开关闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的控制信号第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
可选的，在所述负载接口与所述负载设备连接第二预设时长内，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小始终低于第二阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
可选的，所述过流保护电路还包括提示模块，所述提示模块与所述过流保护模块耦接；所述过流保护模块还用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第二控制信号，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第一提示。
可选的，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小低于第二阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第二提示，所述第二提示不同于所述第一提示。
可选的，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不低于第二阈值且不超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第三提示，所述第三提示不同于所述第一提示和第二提示。
可选的，所述电流检测模块包括电阻，所述电阻与所述负载开关串联，所述电流检测模块与所述电阻的两端耦接。
可选的，所述过流保护模块是采用微控制单元实现的。
本发明实施例还提供一种充电过流保护方法，所述方法包括：将供电设备与电源接口连接，负载设备与负载接口连接，所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关；当所述负载开关闭合时，所述供电设备通过供电通路对所述负载设备供电；通过电流检测模块检测所述供电通路中的当前电流，通过过流保护模块根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果控制所述负载开关的闭合或断开；若所述检测结果表面所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块控制所述负载开关断开。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
本发明实施例提供一种充电过流保护电路，所述电路包括电源接口、过流保护模块、供电通路和负载接口；所述电源接口用于连接供电设备，所述负载接口用于连接负载设备；所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关，其中，所述电流检测模块用于检测所述供电通路的当前电流；所述过流保护模块用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号传输至所述负载开关的控制端，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。较之现有技术，该充电过流保护电路能够自动检测流向负载的电流大小，给负载充电或者供电过程中，当负载出现短路或者电路中出现过流情况的时候，自动断开负载的供电，防止负载和供电装置因异常的短路而损坏或者火灾发生。由于本实施例中的过流保护是通过电流检测实现的，仅根据电路的电流大小判断对负 载供电正常，不受温度等环境因素的影响，能够准确判断供电电路的工作情况。
进一步地，在当负载出现短路或者电路中出现过流情况的时候，自动断开负载的供电后，断开供电第一预设时长后，尝试恢复对负载设备的供电，若恢复供电后，无过流现象，则保持对负载设备的供电状态。在负载设备由于进水等情况发生短路时，切断对负载设备的供电；而在负载设备经由水沥干等处理恢复正常后，自动恢复对负载设备的供电，无需专门的人员对负载开关进行控制，使得电路的控制更为智能化。
进一步地，每次负载设备接入负载接口后，充电过流保护电路即启动对负载设备的供电，即使得负载开关处于闭合状态；若在第二预设时长内，电路中电流始终很小甚至为0，则断开负载开关，切断供电通路，实现电路保护。
进一步地，上述充电过流保护电路中还可以包括提示模块，对于电路中的不同工作状态，可以通过提示模块向外界发出提示信号，以使得用户可根据提示信号了解电路状态，并及时对异常状态进行排查。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的一种充电过流保护电路的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的另一种充电过流保护电路的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的另一种充电过流保护电路的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例的一种充电过流保护方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
如背景技术所言，现有的供电电路不具备电流异常检测功能，当 供电的负载因为某些异常出现短路时候很容易出现损坏负载或者发生火灾的风险。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述电路包括电源接口、过流保护模块、供电通路和负载接口；所述电源接口用于连接供电设备，所述负载接口用于连接负载设备；所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关，其中，所述电流检测模块用于检测所述供电通路的当前电流；所述过流保护模块用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号传输至所述负载开关的控制端，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
通过此充电过流保护电路，能够对充电线路进行过载保护，且避免热敏电阻对负载电压变动的影响，保证对负载的正常供电。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和有益效果能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
请参见图1，图1是本发明实施例的一种充电过流保护电路的结构示意图，所述充电过流保护电路包括电源接口101、过流保护模块102、供电通路103和负载接口104；所述电源接口101用于连接供电设备，所述负载接口104用于连接负载设备；所述电源接口101经由供电通路103与所述负载接口104连接，所述供电通路103包括串联的电流检测模块113和负载开关123，其中，所述电流检测模块113用于检测所述供电通路103的当前电流；所述过流保护模块102用于根据所述电流检测模块113的检测结果产生第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号传输至所述负载开关123的控制端，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123断开。
具体地，在充电电路中包含用于接入供电设备的电源接口101，可将充电过流保护电路连接在供电设备上，供电设备可以为固定电源 或者移动充电设备等常见的供电设备；充电电路中还应包括用于接入负载设备的负载接口104，负载设备即为连接到充电过流保护电路中，实现供电设备为其供电或充电的设备，例如手机、电脑等个人移动终端，或者家电等设备；则充电电路为手机、电脑的充电器，或者家电等的供电线路；以及将电源接口101和负载接口104连接起来的供电通路103。
另外，图1中的充电过流保护电路中还包括用于对供电通路103进行过流保护的过流保护模块102，当过流保护模块102检测到供电通路103中的当前电流过大，如电路中存在短路元器件等情况时，则停止对负载的供电。技术人员可根据正常供电电流以及负载设备的本身特性设置第一阈值，第一阈值为电流数值，例如0.5A、1A、5A等等，用于判定供电通路103中的当前电流是否正常，当当前电流超过第一阈值时，表征电路中存在短路等异常情况；当当前电流不超出第一阈值时，表征电路无异常。
其中，第一控制信号是过流保护模块102发出的，用于控制负载开关断开或者闭合的信号。过流保护模块102对供电通路实施过流保护的方式，是通过供电通路中包含的电流检测模块113实时检测供电通路103中流过的当前电流，并根据当前电流控制供电通路103中的负载开关123的闭合或断开。当负载开关123为闭合状态时，充电过流保护电路中形成通路，当电源接口101接入供电设备，负载接口104接入负载设备时，供电设备开始对负载设备供电；当负载开关123为断开状态时，充电过流保护电路无法形成导通的通路，供电设备切断对负载设备的供电。
上述充电过流保护电路，能够自动检测流向负载的电流大小，当给负载充电或者供电时，当负载出现短路或者电路中出现过流情况的时候，自动断开负载的供电，防止负载和供电装置因异常的短路而损坏或者火灾发生。由于本实施例中的过流保护是通过电流检测实现的，仅根据电路的电流大小判断对负载供电正常，不受温度等环境因 素的影响，精度高，响应快，输出电压稳定。
在一个实施例中，图1中的充电过流保护电路还包括：在所述负载开关123断开第一预设时长后，所述过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123闭合；在所述负载开关123闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不超过所述第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123保持闭合状态。
其中，第一预设时长是预先设置的时长，如20分钟或半小时等等。
充电过流保护电路在由于当前电流过大时断开对负载设备的供电后，在断开第一预设时长后，过流保护模块102通过生成的第一控制信息控制负载开关123闭合，自动恢复对负载设备的供电；若恢复供电后，电路中电流大小正常，即电流检测模块113检测出的当前电流大小不超出第一阈值时，则保持对负载设备的供电状态。
本实施例中，在当负载出现短路或者电路中出现过流情况的时候，自动断开负载的供电后，断开供电第一预设时长后，尝试恢复对负载设备的供电，若恢复供电后，无过流现象，则保持对负载设备的供电状态。在负载设备由于进水等情况发生短路时，切断对负载设备的供电；而在负载设备经由水沥干等处理恢复正常后，自动恢复对负载设备的供电，无需专门的人员对负载开关进行控制，使得电路的控制更为智能化。
在一个实施例中，请继续参见图1，上述在所述负载开关123闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123断开。
即若在当负载出现短路或者电路中出现过流情况的时候，自动断开负载的供电后，断开供电第一预设时长后，尝试恢复对负载设备的 供电，若恢复后，电路中的短路错误还未解除，即检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小仍超过第一阈值时，则继续断开负载开关123，保证电路中的安全供电。
进一步地，可设置由于电路中的过流情况断开负载开关123后，每隔第一预设时长后，即过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制闭合负载开关123，即每隔第一预设时长后，即尝试恢复对负载设备的供电，直至电路中的电流恢复正常。若在若干次尝试恢复后，过流错误仍然存在，则充电过流保护电路发出预警，即图1中的充电过流保护电路还可包括报警模块，此报警模块可以由LED灯等设备发出光信号，也可以由喇叭等设备发出声音信号，也可以是发出其他报警信号的设备。
本实施例与上一实施例的方案，一起实现了过流保护模块对负载开关的自动控制功能。
在一个实施例中，图1中，在所述负载接口104与所述负载设备连接第二预设时长内，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小始终低于第二阈值，则所述过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123断开。
第二预设时长是预先设置的另一时长，如20秒等。在上述充电过流保护电路中，若负载接口104与所述负载设备连接时，则对负载设备接入的时间进行计时，若电流检测模块113检测到供电通路中的电流始终较小，则认为负载设备无负载，可能负载设备中存在断路情况，电路无法对负载设备正常供电，过流保护模块102生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关123断开。其中，第二阈值是预设的电流值，可以是0A等等。
本实施例中，每次负载设备接入负载接口104后，充电过流保护电路即启动对负载设备的供电，即使得负载开关123处于闭合状态；若在第二预设时长内，电路中电流始终很小甚至为0，则断开负载开关123，切断供电通路，实现电路保护。
在一个实施例中，请参见图2，上述的过流保护电路还包括提示模块201，所述提示模块201与所述过流保护模块102耦接；所述过流保护模块102还用于根据所述电流检测模块113的检测结果产生第二控制信号，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块201发出第一提示。
具体地，过流保护电路中还可以包括用于向外发出提示信号的提示模块201，过流保护模块102与其耦接，并通过第二控制信号控制提示模块201发出提示。第一提示表征电路中存在短路等异常情况，即当前电流的大小超过第一阈值。进一步地，第一提示可以通过点亮一个或一组LED灯来实现，即当当前电路的大小超过第一阈值时，过流保护模块102点亮对应的一个或一组LED灯。
本实施例中，通过提示模块201发出第一提示，向外发出提示信号表征电路中存在短路等异常情况。
在一个实施例中，请继续参见图2，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小低于第二阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块201发出第二提示，所述第二提示不同于所述第一提示。
第二提示是表征电路中的当前电流的大小低于第二阈值，即电路中电流始终很小甚至为0，为电路供电异常的另一种情况。第二提示可以通过点亮另一个或另一组LED灯来实现。
在一个实施例中，请继续参见图2，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不低于第二阈值且不超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块201发出第三提示，所述第三提示不同于所述第一提示和第二提示。
第三提示是表征电路中当前电流在正常范围内、即供电设备通过充电过流保护电路对负载设备供电正常。同样地，第三提示也可以点亮一个或一组LED灯，或者提示模块201可以由可发出三种不同提示的器件实现。
上述实施例中，对于电路中的不同工作状态，可以通过提示模块向外界发出提示信号，以使得用户可根据提示信号了解电路状态，并及时对异常状态进行排查。
在一个实施例中，图1和图2中的电流检测模块中包括电阻，此电阻与负载开关123串联，电流检测模块113与所述电阻的两端耦接，电流检测模块通过检测流经电阻的电流检测供电通路中的当前电流的大小。可选地，电流检测模块可通过并联在电阻两端的电压测试设备实现，此电压检测设备可以如电压表等，则当前电流可通过公式I＝V/R计算得出，其中，I为流经电阻的电流，V为通过电压测试设备测得的电阻R两端的电压值，R为电阻的阻值。
可选的，图1和图2中的过流保护模块102是采用微控制单元(Microcontroller Unit，MCU)实现的。
请参见图3，本发明还提供另一过流保护电路；电路中元器件的描述为：CON1为供电接线端子可以包含数据传输的线材，连接供电设备；CON2为负载端子，连接负载设备；MCU为微控制单元。R为电流检测电阻，可通过测量R两端的电压，计算电路中的当前电流I，Q为负载开关，用于负载供电的接通与关闭。
MCU上连接三个指示灯LED1、LED2、LED3，用于表征负载设备的供电状态：无负载设备时LED1亮、负载设备正常供电时LED2亮、负载设备短路或者过流LED3亮。
当CON2中接入负载设备时，MCU控制使能开关Q打开一段时间Ton(比如20S)如果超过Ton时间I始终低于第二阈值，MCU认为未接入负载设备，关闭Q，并且点亮LED1，切断负载供电防止可能的短路情况；当I>Imax时，Imax为第一阈值，MCU认为负载设备出现短路或者过流，通过控制管脚CTL关闭Q负载供电断开，并且点亮LED3进行报警提示；当负载异常解除后再次打开Q后恢复负载供电；当0<I<Imax，MCU认为负载设备供电正常，Q保持常开，LED2指示灯被点亮；当过流或短路时，Q断开后，MCU检测I＝0 时间>Ton,也会关闭Q，切断负载设备的供电，防止可能的短路风险。
本发明还提供一种充电过流保护方法，请参见图4，该充电过流保护方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤S401，将供电设备与电源接口连接，负载设备与负载接口连接，所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关。
步骤S402，当所述负载开关闭合时，所述供电设备通过供电通路对所述负载设备供电。
步骤S403，通过电流检测模块检测所述供电通路中的当前电流，通过过流保护模块根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果控制所述负载开关的闭合或断开。
步骤S404，若所述检测结果表面所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块控制所述负载开关断开。
关于图4中所述充电过流保护的工作原理、工作方式的更多内容，可以参照上述图1至图3中充电保护电路来实现的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述实施例的各种方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，存储介质可以包括：ROM、RAM、磁盘或光盘等。
虽然本发明披露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

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  1. 一种充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述电路包括电源接口、过流保护模块、供电通路和负载接口；
    所述电源接口用于连接供电设备，所述负载接口用于连接负载设备；
    所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关，其中，
    所述电流检测模块用于检测所述供电通路的当前电流；
    所述过流保护模块用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号传输至所述负载开关的控制端，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，在所述负载开关断开第一预设时长后，所述过流保护模块生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关闭合；在所述负载开关闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不超过所述第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关保持闭合状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，在所述负载开关闭合后，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，在所述负载接口与所述负载设备连接第二预设时长内，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小始终低于第二阈值，则所述过流保护模块生成的第一控制信号控制所述负载开关断开。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述过流保护电路还包括提示模块，所述提示模块与所述过流保护模块耦接；
    所述过流保护模块还用于根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果产生第二控制信号，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第一提示。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小低于第二阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第二提示，所述第二提示不同于所述第一提示。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，若所述检测结果表明所述当前电流的大小不低于第二阈值且不超过第一阈值，所述第二控制信号控制所述提示模块发出第三提示，所述第三提示不同于所述第一提示和第二提示。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述电流检测模块包括电阻，所述电阻与所述负载开关串联，所述电流检测模块与所述电阻的两端耦接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的充电过流保护电路，其特征在于，所述过流保护模块是采用微控制单元实现的。
  10. 一种充电过流保护方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    将供电设备与电源接口连接，负载设备与负载接口连接，所述电源接口经由供电通路与所述负载接口连接，所述供电通路包括串联的电流检测模块和负载开关；
    当所述负载开关闭合时，所述供电设备通过供电通路对所述负载设备供电；
    通过电流检测模块检测所述供电通路中的当前电流，通过过流保 护模块根据所述电流检测模块的检测结果控制所述负载开关的闭合或断开；
    若所述检测结果表面所述当前电流的大小超过第一阈值，则所述过流保护模块控制所述负载开关断开。
PCT/CN2020/110922 2019-09-18 2020-08-25 充电过流保护电路及方法 WO2021052116A1 (zh)

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