WO2021051704A1 - 一种污泥资源化处置方法 - Google Patents

一种污泥资源化处置方法 Download PDF

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WO2021051704A1
WO2021051704A1 PCT/CN2019/128718 CN2019128718W WO2021051704A1 WO 2021051704 A1 WO2021051704 A1 WO 2021051704A1 CN 2019128718 W CN2019128718 W CN 2019128718W WO 2021051704 A1 WO2021051704 A1 WO 2021051704A1
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sludge
product
reaction
hydrothermal
biomass
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PCT/CN2019/128718
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨帆
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东北农业大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for recycling solid waste.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional sludge disposal method is difficult to recover heavy metal ions and waste phosphorus resources, and to provide a sludge resource disposal method.
  • a sludge resource disposal method is completed according to the following steps:
  • reaction precursor mixture Mix the sludge with biomass powder, then add alkaline additives and distilled water, stir evenly to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
  • the mass ratio of sludge, biomass powder, alkaline additives and distilled water in step one is (0.5-50): (0.1-5): (0.1-2): (0.1-30);
  • the alkaline auxiliary agent in step one is one of NaOH, KOH, and a mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 or a mixture of several of them; the Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO mixture of Ca 3 (OH) 2 with NaCO 3 mass ratio of 1: 1;
  • Hydrothermal humification reaction placing the reaction precursor mixture in a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to perform a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a reaction product;
  • Liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; digest the solid product I with strong acid, and then centrifuge to obtain solid product II and liquid product II; use deionization
  • the solid product II is washed with water until it is neutral, and then dried in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; a reducing agent is added to the liquid product II to react for 2h-24h, and then centrifuged, the solid substance obtained is heavy metal, which is a complete one.
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the volume of the liquid product II is (0.5g-20g): (20mL-100mL).
  • the present invention uses sludge and biomass as raw materials, adopts a new method of combining hydrothermal humification and thermochemistry to prepare a liquid compound fertilizer obtained by a one-step method, and realizes the preparation of hydrothermal biochar through subsequent processing And heavy metal industrial salt recovery.
  • the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by the invention is rich in phosphorus and humus.
  • Phosphorus is in the form of soluble phosphate that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, and the proportion of soluble phosphorus is 70%-85%, and the humus content is 0.01%-0.03%;
  • the glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the biomass material are decomposed and re-bonded to form fulvic acid and humic acid under the action of alkaline additives and high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions;
  • the humus formed will etch the insoluble phosphorus source in the sludge and form a certain degree of activation.
  • the humus contained can effectively inhibit the re-fixation and deposition of the prepared phosphate fertilizer, achieving a high content of available phosphorus Recovery of vegetables;
  • biomass materials such as straw, rice husk, etc.
  • biomass materials are cheap and easy to obtain, which reduces the resource disposal cost of sludge
  • the remaining part will form a hydrothermal biochar with a loose and porous structure, and the centrifugal liquid after acid hydrolysis is added with a reducing agent to form a heavy metal solid for recovery;
  • Sludge is generally rich in fatty substances and is accompanied by odor.
  • the present invention realizes the reorganization of fatty substances through a new hydrothermal humification method, combining lignin, protein and small molecular carbohydrate substances to synthesize Artificial humus
  • the present invention combines sludge and biomass materials to prepare liquid compound fertilizer and hydrothermal biochar through thermochemistry, and adding them in a single or combined manner can simultaneously increase the content of humus and available phosphorus in the soil. , Improve soil fertility decline and other problems, and can improve the soil's water and soil conservation capacity, increase the soil's ability to absorb nutrient elements, thereby promoting the growth of typical crops.
  • the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant and seedlings are 2 to 5 of those of the control group. Times and 2 ⁇ 4 times;
  • the preparation method of the present invention is simple, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so it is suitable for large-scale synthetic preparation;
  • liquid compound fertilizer and hydrothermal biochar prepared by the invention are used to quickly replenish the effective phosphorus content of the soil and promote plant growth.
  • Figure 1 is a photo of the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 2 is a photo of the hydrothermal biochar prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 shows the concentration of soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 2;
  • Figure 4 shows the concentration of soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 3;
  • Figure 5 is the comparison of various heavy metal concentrations in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 2.
  • One set of histograms is the representative heavy metal concentration in the original wet sludge, and the second set of histograms is the activated sludge.
  • the representative heavy metal concentration in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared later a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
  • Figure 6 is a comparison of various heavy metal concentrations in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 3.
  • One set of histograms is the representative heavy metal concentration in the original wet sludge, and the second set of histograms is the activated sludge.
  • the representative heavy metal concentration in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared later a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
  • Fig. 7 is a comparison diagram of the growth of plants in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding corn stover biomass activated sludge in Example 4 and the control group.
  • 1 is a plant
  • 2 is a root
  • 3 is a stem.
  • This embodiment is a sludge resource disposal method, which is completed according to the following steps:
  • reaction precursor mixture Mix the sludge with biomass powder, then add alkaline additives and distilled water, stir evenly to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
  • the mass ratio of sludge, biomass powder, alkaline additives and distilled water in step one is (0.5-50): (0.1-5): (0.1-2): (0.1-30);
  • the alkaline auxiliary agent in step one is one of NaOH, KOH, and a mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 or a mixture of several of them; the Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO mixture of Ca 3 (OH) 2 with NaCO 3 mass ratio of 1: 1;
  • Liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; digest the solid product I with strong acid, and then centrifuge to obtain solid product II and liquid product II; use deionization
  • the solid product II is washed with water until it is neutral, and then dried in vacuum to obtain hydrothermal biochar; a reducing agent is added to the liquid product II to react for 2h-24h, and then centrifuged, the solid substance obtained is heavy metal, which is a complete one.
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the volume of the liquid product II is (0.5g-20g): (20mL-100mL).
  • This embodiment uses sludge and biomass as raw materials, adopts a new method of combining hydrothermal humification and thermochemistry to prepare a liquid compound fertilizer in one step, and realizes the hydrothermal biochar through subsequent treatments. Preparation and recovery of heavy metal industrial salts.
  • the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in this embodiment is rich in phosphorus and humus.
  • Phosphorus is in the form of soluble phosphate that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, and the proportion of soluble phosphorus is 70%-85%, and the humus content is 0.01%-0.03% ;
  • the glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the biomass material are decomposed and re-bonded to form fulvic acid and humic acid under the action of alkaline additives and high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions;
  • the humus formed will etch the insoluble phosphorus source in the sludge and form a certain degree of activation.
  • the humus contained can effectively inhibit the re-fixation and deposition of the prepared phosphate fertilizer, achieving a high content of available phosphorus Recovery of vegetables;
  • biomass materials such as straw, rice husk, etc.
  • biomass materials are cheap and easy to obtain, which reduces the resource disposal cost of sludge
  • the remaining part will form a hydrothermal biochar with a loose and porous structure, and the centrifugal liquid after acid hydrolysis is added with a reducing agent to form a heavy metal solid for recovery;
  • Sludge generally contains rich fatty substances and is accompanied by odor.
  • This embodiment realizes the reorganization of fatty substances through a new hydrothermal humification method, combining lignin, protein and small molecular sugar substances, etc. Synthetic artificial humus;
  • sludge and biomass materials are combined to prepare liquid compound fertilizer and hydrothermal biochar through thermochemistry, and they are added in a single or combined manner to the soil that can increase humus and available phosphorus at the same time. Content, improve soil fertility decline and other issues, and can improve the soil's water and soil conservation ability, increase the soil's ability to absorb nutrient elements, and promote the growth of typical crops.
  • the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant and seedlings are respectively 2 to those of the control group. 5 times and 2 to 4 times;
  • the preparation method of this embodiment is simple, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so it is suitable for large-scale synthetic preparation;
  • liquid compound fertilizer and hydrothermal biochar prepared in this embodiment are used to quickly replenish the effective phosphorus content of the soil and promote plant growth.
  • Embodiment 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the biomass powder described in step 1 is prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the biomass material is cleaned to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, and then Drying is performed, and finally the dried biomass material is pulverized to obtain biomass powder.
  • the other steps are the same as the first embodiment.
  • Specific embodiment three this embodiment is different from specific embodiment one or two in that the drying temperature is 60°C to 80°C, and the drying time is 10h to 30h. The other steps are the same as the first or second embodiment.
  • Specific embodiment 4 This embodiment is different from specific embodiments 1 to 3 in that the biomass material is one or a mixture of several of corn stalks, rice husks, leaves, tree roots and wood chips. The other steps are the same as in the first to third specific embodiments.
  • Embodiment 5 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 4 is that the particle size of the biomass powder is 100 mesh to 200 mesh.
  • the other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth specific embodiments.
  • Embodiment 6 This embodiment is different from one of Embodiments 1 to 5 in that the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step 2 is 160°C to 200°C, the pressure of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa, and the hydrothermal reaction temperature is between 0.5 MPa and 5 MPa.
  • the reaction time is 16h-28h.
  • the other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth specific embodiments.
  • Specific embodiment 7 This embodiment is different from one of specific embodiments 1 to 6 in that the centrifugal speed described in step 3 is 4000 r/min to 12000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5 min to 30 min.
  • the other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth specific embodiments.
  • Embodiment 8 This embodiment is different from one of Embodiments 1 to 7 in that the vacuum drying temperature in step 3 is 60°C to 80°C, and the vacuum drying time is 18h to 24h.
  • the other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh specific embodiments.
  • Embodiment 9 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 to 8 is that the strong acid described in step 3 is sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 50% to 98% and hydrofluoric acid with a mass fraction of 20% to 35%. , The mass fraction of perchloric acid is 50% to 70%, the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid is 10% to 37%, and the mass fraction of nitric acid or aqua regia is 60% to 70%.
  • the other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth specific embodiments.
  • Specific embodiment ten This embodiment is different from one of specific embodiments one to nine in that: the reducing agent in step three is sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, oxalic acid, potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride.
  • the other steps are the same as in the first to ninth specific embodiments.
  • Example 1 A sludge resource disposal method (adding sawdust activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
  • the mass ratio of sludge, biomass powder, KOH and distilled water described in step one is 19.2:4.6:1.0:19.2;
  • the biomass powder described in step one is prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the biomass material is cleaned 5 times to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, and then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 10 hours, and finally the dried raw material is dried. The material material is crushed to obtain biomass powder with a particle size of 100 mesh; the biomass material is wood chips;
  • Hydrothermal humification reaction Place the reaction precursor mixture in a 50mL high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor, and then heat the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor to 200°C, and then at a temperature of 200°C and a pressure of 3.0MPa Hydrothermal reaction under the conditions for 24h to obtain the reaction product;
  • Liquid product I is the liquid compound fertilizer; solid product I is digested with strong acid, and the mass fraction of the strong acid is 50% ⁇ 98% sulfuric acid, then centrifuged at 8000r/min for 30min to obtain solid product II and liquid product II; use deionized water to wash the solid product II until it is neutral, and then vacuum dry at 80°C for 18h, Obtain the hydrothermal biochar; add sodium borohydride to the liquid product II to react for 6 hours, and then centrifuge for 20 minutes at a centrifugal speed of 10000r/min, the solid matter obtained is the heavy metal, that is, a sludge resource disposal method is completed;
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the liquid product II is 0.5g:30mL.
  • Example 1 The soluble phosphate concentration in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding sawdust biomass activated sludge was 962.3 mg/L, the available phosphate was 693.3 mg/L, and the concentration of humus contained was 0.18 mg/g.
  • Example 2 A sludge resource disposal method (adding tree root activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
  • the mass ratio of sludge, biomass powder, KOH and distilled water described in step 1 is 12.5:5.0:1.0:29.0;
  • the biomass powder described in step one is prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the biomass material is cleaned 5 times to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, and then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 20 hours, and finally the dried raw material is dried. Material materials are crushed to obtain biomass powder with a particle size of 100 mesh; the biomass materials are tree roots;
  • Hydrothermal humification reaction place the reaction precursor mixture in a 50mL high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor, and then heat the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor to 200°C, and then at a temperature of 200°C and a pressure of 3.3MPa Hydrothermal reaction under the conditions for 20h to obtain the reaction product;
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the liquid product II is 0.8g:25mL.
  • Example 2 The concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge was 980.3 mg/L, the available phosphate was 791.9 mg/L, and the concentration of humus contained was 0.15 mg/g.
  • Example 3 A resource disposal method of sludge (adding tree root activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
  • reaction precursor mixture Mix the sludge with the biomass powder, then add a mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 and distilled water, stir evenly to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
  • the mass ratio of the sludge, biomass powder, Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 mixture and distilled water described in step 1 is 4.2:0.8:1.0:2.7;
  • the mass ratio of Ca(OH) 2 to NaCO 3 in the mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 described in step 1 is 1:1;
  • the biomass powder described in step one is prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the biomass material is cleaned 5 times to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, and then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 20 hours, and finally the dried raw material is dried. Material materials are crushed to obtain biomass powder with a particle size of 100 mesh; the biomass materials are tree roots;
  • Hydrothermal humification reaction place the reaction precursor mixture in a 50mL high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor, and then heat the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor to 200°C, and then at a temperature of 200°C and a pressure of 2.8MPa Hydrothermal reaction under the conditions for 26h to obtain the reaction product;
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the volume of the liquid product II is 0.6g:33mL.
  • Example 3 The liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge had a soluble phosphate concentration of 10.01 g/L, an available phosphate of 6.64 g/L, and a humus concentration of 0.15 mg/g.
  • Example 4 A method for resource disposal of sludge (adding corn stover activated sludge to prepare liquid compound fertilizer) is completed according to the following steps:
  • reaction precursor mixture Mix the sludge with the biomass powder, then add a mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 and distilled water, stir evenly to obtain a reaction precursor mixture;
  • step 1 The mass ratio of sludge, biomass powder, mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 and distilled water described in step 1 is 2.1:0.4:1.0:1.4;
  • the mass ratio of Ca(OH) 2 to NaCO 3 in the mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 described in step 1 is 1:1;
  • the biomass powder described in step one is prepared according to the following steps: firstly, the biomass material is cleaned 5 times to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, and then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 10 hours, and finally the dried raw material is dried. The material material is crushed to obtain biomass powder with a particle size of 100 mesh; the biomass material is corn stover;
  • Hydrothermal humification reaction place the reaction precursor mixture in a 50mL high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor, and then heat the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reactor to 200°C, and then at a temperature of 200°C and a pressure of 2.9MPa Hydrothermal reaction under the conditions for 28h to obtain the reaction product;
  • the volume ratio of the mass of the reducing agent described in step 3 to the liquid product II is 0.7g:30mL.
  • Example 4 The concentration of soluble phosphate in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding corn stover biomass activated sludge was 2693.3 mg/L, the available phosphate was 986.5 mg/L, and the concentration of humus contained was 0.20 mg/g. After adding the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in Example 4, the dry weight of seedlings, roots and stems and leaves of corn seedlings after 25 days of growth were 2.38, 2.25 and 2.4 times that of the control group, respectively.
  • Figure 1 is a photo of the liquid compound fertilizer prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 2 is a photo of the hydrothermal biochar prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 shows the concentration of soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 2;
  • Figure 4 shows the concentration of soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 3;
  • Figure 5 is the comparison of various heavy metal concentrations in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 2.
  • One set of histograms is the representative heavy metal concentration in the original wet sludge, and the second set of histograms is the activated sludge.
  • the representative heavy metal concentration in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared later a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
  • the typical heavy metal content in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass and KOH activated sludge is significantly lower than the heavy metal content in the original wet sludge, and the Cu ion concentration is reduced from 4.2mg/L to 44.2 ⁇ g /L, Zn ion concentration decreased from 7.6mg/L to 3.1mg/L, Pb ion concentration decreased from 528.1 ⁇ g/L to 71.1 ⁇ g/L, Hg ion concentration decreased from 83.1 ⁇ g/L to 8.5 ⁇ g/L.
  • Figure 6 is a comparison of various heavy metal concentrations in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass activated sludge in Example 3.
  • One set of histograms is the representative heavy metal concentration in the original wet sludge, and the second set of histograms is the activated sludge.
  • the representative heavy metal concentration in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared later a is Cu, b is Zn, c is Pb, and d is Hg;
  • the typical heavy metal content in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding tree root biomass and Ca(OH) 2 +Na 2 CO 3 activated sludge is significantly lower than that in the original wet sludge, and the Cu ion concentration From 4.2mg/L to 13.9 ⁇ g/L, Zn ion concentration from 7.6mg/L to 97.2 ⁇ g/L, Pb ion concentration from 528.1 ⁇ g/L to 29.6 ⁇ g/L, Hg ion concentration from 83.1 ⁇ g/L It drops to 36.1 ⁇ g/L.
  • Fig. 7 is a comparison diagram of the growth of plants in the liquid compound fertilizer prepared by adding corn stover biomass activated sludge in Example 4 and the control group.
  • 1 is a plant
  • 2 is a root
  • 3 is a stem.

Abstract

一种污泥资源化处置方法，它涉及一种固体废弃物资源化方法。本发明的目的是要解决传统的污泥处置方法很难对重金属离子进行回收和浪费了磷素资源的问题。方法：一、制备反应前驱体混合物；二、水热腐殖化反应；三、将反应产物进行离心，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，再进行离心，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再真空干燥，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入还原剂，再进行离心，得到的固体物质即为重金属。本发明制备的液体复合肥料和水热生物炭应用于快速补给土壤有效磷素含量、促进植物生长。

Description

一种污泥资源化处置方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种固体废弃物资源化方法。
背景技术
由于污水处理厂的迅速发展，污泥数量正在持续增加。外国，2014年湿污泥年排放量(含水率80％)超过3000万吨，呈快速增长趋势。到2020年，全国污泥年产量将超过6000万吨，而处置效率还不到33％，这对污泥的快速、经济、安全的大规模处理和利用带来了巨大的压力。值得注意的是，污泥中含有相当数量的磷素，可以作为磷回收的重要来源。磷是动植物生长所必需的一种不可替代的营养物质。世界植物性磷酸盐资源有限，但农业生产中对磷肥的需求不断增加，使磷肥很快就会成为一种有限资源。因此，为了保证作物产量的增加和世界人口的粮食供应，有必要研究其他磷的多种来源和可持续回收利用。另一方面，城市废水污泥含有大量的磷素，因此本发明致力于开发从这些污泥中回收磷的技术以实现可持续磷循环。
另外，工业污泥中含有大量的重金属离子，传统的污泥处置方式很难对其进行回收，如果处理不恰当，排放到环境中，会成为新的污染源。因此，合理处置污泥中的中金属离子，同步实现“工业盐”的回收利用，具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要解决传统的污泥处置方法很难对重金属离子进行回收和浪费了磷素资源的问题，而提供一种污泥资源化处置方法。
一种污泥资源化处置方法，是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入碱性助剂和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、碱性助剂和蒸馏水的质量比为(0.5～50):(0.1～5):(0.1～2):(0.1～30)；
步骤一中所述的碱性助剂为NaOH、KOH和Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中的一种或其中几种的混合物；所述的Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中Ca(OH) 2与NaCO 3的质量比为1:1；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于高温高压水热反应釜中进行水热反应， 得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物进行离心，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，再进行离心，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再真空干燥，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入还原剂进行反应2h～24h，再进行离心，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为(0.5g～20g):(20mL～100mL)。
本发明的原理及优点：
一、本发明以污泥和生物质为原料，采用新型的水热腐殖化与热化学相结合的方法，一步法制备得到的液体复合肥料，并通过后续处理实现了水热生物炭的制备和重金属工业盐的回收。本发明制备的液体复合肥料富含磷素和腐殖质，磷素呈现植物可直接吸收利用的可溶性磷酸盐形态，且可溶性磷素占比为70％～85％，腐殖质含量为0.01％～0.03％；
二、将生物质材料中的葡萄糖、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素在碱性助剂作用和高温高压的反应条件下，进行分解和重新键合形成富里酸和腐殖酸；随着反应的进行，形成的腐殖质对污泥中的难溶性磷源进行蚀刻，形成一定程度的活化作用，此外含有的腐殖质可以有效抑制所制备的磷肥的再次固定和沉积，实现了高含量可利用性磷素的回收；
三、生物质材料(如秸秆、稻壳等)作为一种农业废弃物，由于其廉价易得，降低了污泥的资源化处置成本；
四、添加的生物质除了可以部分参与形成腐殖质之外，剩余的部分会形成具有疏松多孔结构的水热生物炭，而酸解后离心分离的液体加入还原剂形成重金属固体进行回收；
五、污泥一般含有丰富的脂肪类物质并伴随着臭味，本发明通过新型的水热腐殖化方法实现了对脂肪类物质的重组，结合木质素、蛋白质及小分子糖类物质等合成人工腐殖质；
六、本发明将污泥和生物质材料组合通过热化学制备液体复合肥料和水热生物炭，将其分别以单一或组合的方式添加对土壤中可以同时增加腐殖质和可利用磷素的的含量、改善土壤肥力下降等问题，并可以提高土壤的水土保持能力，增加土壤对营养元素的吸收能力，从而促进典型作物的生长，植株幼苗的鲜重和干重分别是对照组相的2～5倍和2～4倍；
七、本发明制备方法简便，原料廉价易得，因此适合大批量的合成制备；
本发明制备的液体复合肥料和水热生物炭应用于快速补给土壤有效磷素含量、促进植物生长。
附图说明
图1为实施例一制备的液体复合肥料的照片；
图2为实施例一制备的水热生物炭的照片；
图3为实施例二添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷素和可利用磷素的浓度；
图4为实施例三添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷素和可利用磷素的浓度；
图5为实施例二添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中各种重金属浓度对比，1组柱状图是原始湿污泥中的代表性重金属浓度，2组柱状图是活化污泥后制备的液体复合肥料中的代表性重金属浓度，a为Cu，b为Zn，c为Pb，d为Hg；
图6为实施例三添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中各种重金属浓度对比，1组柱状图是原始湿污泥中的代表性重金属浓度，2组柱状图是活化污泥后制备的液体复合肥料中的代表性重金属浓度，a为Cu，b为Zn，c为Pb，d为Hg；
图7为实施例四添加玉米秸秆生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料后植物的生长情况与对照组的对比图，图中1为植株，2为根，3为茎。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一：本实施方式是一种污泥资源化处置方法是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入碱性助剂和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、碱性助剂和蒸馏水的质量比为(0.5～50):(0.1～5):(0.1～2):(0.1～30)；
步骤一中所述的碱性助剂为NaOH、KOH和Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中的一种或其中几种的混合物；所述的Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中Ca(OH) 2与NaCO 3的质量比为1:1；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于高温高压水热反应釜中进行水热反应，得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物进行离心，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，再进行离心，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再真空干燥，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入还 原剂进行反应2h～24h，再进行离心，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为(0.5g～20g):(20mL～100mL)。
本实施方式的原理及优点：
一、本实施方式以污泥和生物质为原料，采用新型的水热腐殖化与热化学相结合的方法，一步法制备得到的液体复合肥料，并通过后续处理实现了水热生物炭的制备和重金属工业盐的回收。本实施方式制备的液体复合肥料富含磷素和腐殖质，磷素呈现植物可直接吸收利用的可溶性磷酸盐形态，且可溶性磷素占比为70％～85％，腐殖质含量为0.01％～0.03％；
二、将生物质材料中的葡萄糖、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素在碱性助剂作用和高温高压的反应条件下，进行分解和重新键合形成富里酸和腐殖酸；随着反应的进行，形成的腐殖质对污泥中的难溶性磷源进行蚀刻，形成一定程度的活化作用，此外含有的腐殖质可以有效抑制所制备的磷肥的再次固定和沉积，实现了高含量可利用性磷素的回收；
三、生物质材料(如秸秆、稻壳等)作为一种农业废弃物，由于其廉价易得，降低了污泥的资源化处置成本；
四、添加的生物质除了可以部分参与形成腐殖质之外，剩余的部分会形成具有疏松多孔结构的水热生物炭，而酸解后离心分离的液体加入还原剂形成重金属固体进行回收；
五、污泥一般含有丰富的脂肪类物质并伴随着臭味，本实施方式通过新型的水热腐殖化方法实现了对脂肪类物质的重组，结合木质素、蛋白质及小分子糖类物质等合成人工腐殖质；
六、本实施方式将污泥和生物质材料组合通过热化学制备液体复合肥料和水热生物炭，将其分别以单一或组合的方式添加对土壤中可以同时增加腐殖质和可利用磷素的的含量、改善土壤肥力下降等问题，并可以提高土壤的水土保持能力，增加土壤对营养元素的吸收能力，从而促进典型作物的生长，植株幼苗的鲜重和干重分别是对照组相的2～5倍和2～4倍；
七、本实施方式制备方法简便，原料廉价易得，因此适合大批量的合成制备；
本实施方式制备的液体复合肥料和水热生物炭应用于快速补给土壤有效磷素含量、促进植物生长。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同点是：步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后 进行干燥，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到生物质粉末。其它步骤与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二之一不同点是：所述的干燥温度为60℃～80℃，干燥时间为10h～30h。其它步骤与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同点是：所述的生物质材料为玉米秸秆、稻壳、树叶、树根和木屑中的一种或其中几种的混合物。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至三相同。
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同点是：所述的生物质粉末的粒径为100目～200目。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至四相同。
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同点是：步骤二中所述的水热反应温度为160℃～200℃，水热反应的压力为0.5MPa～5MPa，水热反应的时间为16h～28h。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至五相同。
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同点是：步骤三中所述的离心速度为4000r/min～12000r/min，离心时间为5min～30min。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至六相同。
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一不同点是：步骤三中所述的真空干燥温度为60℃～80℃，真空干燥时间为18h～24h。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至七相同。
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同点是：步骤三中所述的强酸为质量分数为50％～98％的硫酸、质量分数为20％～35％氢氟酸、质量分数为50％～70％高氯酸、质量分数为10％～37％的盐酸、质量分数为60％～70％的硝酸或王水。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至八相同。
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至九之一不同点是：步骤三中所述的还原剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氯化亚锡、草酸、硼氢化钾或硼氢化钠。其它步骤与具体实施方式一至九相同。
采用以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果：
实施例一：一种污泥资源化处置方法(添加木屑活化污泥制备液体复合肥料)，是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入KOH和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合 物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、KOH和蒸馏水的质量比为19.2:4.6:1.0:19.2；
步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗5次，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后在温度为80℃下进行干燥10h，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到粒径为100目的生物质粉末；所述的生物质材料为木屑；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于50mL高温高压水热反应釜中，再将高温高压水热反应釜升温至200℃，再在温度为200℃和压力为3.0MPa的条件下水热反应24h，得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物在离心速度为5000r/min下离心20min，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，强酸为质量分数为50％～98％的硫酸，再在离心速度为8000r/min下离心30min，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再在温度为80℃下真空干燥18h，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入硼氢化钠进行反应6h，再在离心速度为10000r/min下离心20min，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为0.5g:30mL。
实施例一添加木屑生物质活化污泥制备得到的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷酸盐浓度为962.3mg/L，可利用性磷酸盐为693.3mg/L，含有的腐殖质浓度为0.18mg/g。
实施例二：一种污泥资源化处置方法(添加树根活化污泥制备液体复合肥料)，是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入KOH和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、KOH和蒸馏水的质量比为12.5:5.0:1.0:29.0；
步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗5次，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后在温度为80℃下进行干燥20h，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到粒径为100目的生物质粉末；所述的生物质材料为树根；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于50mL高温高压水热反应釜中，再将高温高压水热反应釜升温至200℃，再在温度为200℃和压力为3.3MPa的条件下水热反应20h，得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物在离心速度为6000r/min下离心20min，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物 Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，强酸为质量分数为65％的硝酸，再在离心速度为10000r/min下离心20min，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再在温度为80℃下真空干燥18h，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入草酸进行反应6h，再在离心速度为10000r/min下离心20min，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为0.8g:25mL。
实施例二添加树根生物质活化污泥制备得到的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷酸盐浓度为980.3mg/L，可利用性磷酸盐为791.9mg/L，含有的腐殖质浓度为0.15mg/g。
实施例三：一种污泥资源化处置方法(添加树根活化污泥制备液体复合肥料)，是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物和蒸馏水的质量比为4.2:0.8:1.0:2.7；
步骤一中所述的Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中Ca(OH) 2与NaCO 3的质量比为1:1；
步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗5次，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后在温度为80℃下进行干燥20h，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到粒径为100目的生物质粉末；所述的生物质材料为树根；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于50mL高温高压水热反应釜中，再将高温高压水热反应釜升温至200℃，再在温度为200℃和压力为2.8MPa的条件下水热反应26h，得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物在离心速度为8000r/min下离心20min，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，强酸为质量分数为70％的硝酸，再在离心速度为10000r/min下离心20min，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再在温度为80℃下真空干燥18h，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入硼氢化钠进行反应10h，再在离心速度为7000r/min下离心25min，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为0.6g:33mL。
实施例三添加树根生物质活化污泥制备得到的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷酸盐浓度为 10.01g/L，可利用性磷酸盐为6.64g/L，含有的腐殖质浓度为0.15mg/g。
实施例四：一种污泥资源化处置方法(添加玉米秸秆活化污泥制备液体复合肥料)，是按以下步骤完成的：
一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物和蒸馏水的质量比为2.1:0.4:1.0:1.4；
步骤一中所述的Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中Ca(OH) 2与NaCO 3的质量比为1:1；
步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗5次，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后在温度为80℃下进行干燥10h，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到粒径为100目的生物质粉末；所述的生物质材料为玉米秸秆；
二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于50mL高温高压水热反应釜中，再将高温高压水热反应釜升温至200℃，再在温度为200℃和压力为2.9MPa的条件下水热反应28h，得到反应产物；
三、将反应产物在离心速度为7500r/min下离心20min，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，强酸为王水，再在离心速度为10000r/min下离心25min，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再在温度为80℃下真空干燥18h，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入硼氢化钠进行反应10h，再在离心速度为7000r/min下离心25min，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为0.7g:30mL。
实施例四添加玉米秸秆生物质活化污泥制备得到的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷酸盐浓度为2693.3mg/L，可利用性磷酸盐为986.5mg/L，含有的腐殖质浓度为0.20mg/g。添加实施例四制备的液体复合肥料中后的玉米幼苗在生长25天后的幼苗干重、根系干重和茎叶干重分别是对照组的2.38，2.25和2.4倍。
图1为实施例一制备的液体复合肥料的照片；
从图1看出实施例一制备的液体复合肥料呈现黑色，无明显异味。
图2为实施例一制备的水热生物炭的照片；
从图2看出实施例一制备的水热生物炭的呈现深棕色，粉末状固体。
图3为实施例二添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷素和可利用磷素的浓度；
从图3可知，添加树根生物质、KOH活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷素浓度和可利用磷素浓度分别为980.3mg/L和791.9mg/L。
图4为实施例三添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷素和可利用磷素的浓度；
从图4可知，添加树根生物质、Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中可溶性磷酸盐浓度为10.01g/L，可利用性磷酸盐为6.64g/L。
图5为实施例二添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中各种重金属浓度对比，1组柱状图是原始湿污泥中的代表性重金属浓度，2组柱状图是活化污泥后制备的液体复合肥料中的代表性重金属浓度，a为Cu，b为Zn，c为Pb，d为Hg；
从图5可知，添加树根生物质和KOH活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中典型重金属的含量较原始湿污泥中的重金属含量明显降低，其中Cu离子浓度由4.2mg/L降至44.2μg/L，Zn离子浓度由7.6mg/L降至3.1mg/L，Pb离子浓度由528.1μg/L降至71.1μg/L，Hg离子浓度由83.1μg/L降至8.5μg/L。
图6为实施例三添加树根生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中各种重金属浓度对比，1组柱状图是原始湿污泥中的代表性重金属浓度，2组柱状图是活化污泥后制备的液体复合肥料中的代表性重金属浓度，a为Cu，b为Zn，c为Pb，d为Hg；
从图6可知，添加树根生物质和Ca(OH) 2+Na 2CO 3活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料中典型重金属的含量较原始湿污泥中的重金属含量明显降低，其中Cu离子浓度由4.2mg/L降至13.9μg/L，Zn离子浓度由7.6mg/L降至97.2μg/L，Pb离子浓度由528.1μg/L降至29.6μg/L，Hg离子浓度由83.1μg/L降至36.1μg/L。
图7为实施例四添加玉米秸秆生物质活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料后植物的生长情况与对照组的对比图，图中1为植株，2为根，3为茎。
从图7可知，添加玉米秸秆活化污泥制备的液体复合肥料后的玉米幼苗在生长25天后的幼苗干重、根系干重和茎叶干重分别是对照组的2.38，2.25和2.4倍。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于一种污泥资源化处置方法是按以下步骤完成的：
    一、制备反应前驱体混合物：
    将污泥与生物质粉末混合，再加入碱性助剂和蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到反应前驱体混合物；
    步骤一中所述的污泥、生物质粉末、碱性助剂和蒸馏水的质量比为(0.5～50):(0.1～5):(0.1～2):(0.1～30)；
    步骤一中所述的碱性助剂为NaOH、KOH和Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中的一种或其中几种的混合物；所述的Ca(OH) 2与Na 2CO 3的混合物中Ca(OH) 2与NaCO 3的质量比为1:1；
    二、水热腐殖化反应：将反应前驱体混合物置于高温高压水热反应釜中进行水热反应，得到反应产物；
    三、将反应产物进行离心，得到液体产物Ⅰ和固体产物Ⅰ，液体产物Ⅰ即为液体复合肥料；对固体产物Ⅰ进行强酸消解，再进行离心，得到固体产物Ⅱ和液体产物Ⅱ；使用去离子水对固体产物Ⅱ清洗至中性，再真空干燥，得到水热生物炭；向液体产物Ⅱ中加入还原剂进行反应2h～24h，再进行离心，得到的固体物质即为重金属，即完成一种污泥资源化处置方法；
    步骤三中所述的还原剂的质量与液体产物Ⅱ的体积比为(0.5g～20g):(20mL～100mL)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤一中所述的生物质粉末是按以下步骤制备的：首先对生物质材料进行清洗，去除生物质材料表面的杂质，然后进行干燥，最后把干燥的生物质材料进行粉碎，得到生物质粉末。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于所述的干燥温度为60℃～80℃，干燥时间为10h～30h。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于所述的生物质材料为玉米秸秆、稻壳、树叶、树根和木屑中的一种或其中几种的混合物。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于所述的生物质粉末的粒径为100目～200目。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤二中所述的水热反应温度为160℃～200℃，水热反应的压力为0.5MPa～5MPa，水热反应的时间为16h～28h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤三中所述的离心 速度为4000r/min～12000r/min，离心时间为5min～30min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤三中所述的真空干燥温度为60℃～80℃，真空干燥时间为18h～24h。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤三中所述的强酸为质量分数为50％～98％的硫酸、质量分数为20％～35％氢氟酸、质量分数为50％～70％高氯酸、质量分数为10％～37％的盐酸、质量分数为60％～70％的硝酸或王水。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥资源化处置方法，其特征在于步骤三中所述的还原剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氯化亚锡、草酸、硼氢化钾或硼氢化钠。
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