WO2021048136A2 - Mehrlagige beschichtung - Google Patents
Mehrlagige beschichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021048136A2 WO2021048136A2 PCT/EP2020/075095 EP2020075095W WO2021048136A2 WO 2021048136 A2 WO2021048136 A2 WO 2021048136A2 EP 2020075095 W EP2020075095 W EP 2020075095W WO 2021048136 A2 WO2021048136 A2 WO 2021048136A2
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- coating
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- coating layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/354—Introduction of auxiliary energy into the plasma
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3435—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering
- C23C14/345—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using substrate bias
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
- C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0635—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
- C23C14/0652—Silicon nitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/067—Borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3485—Sputtering using pulsed power to the target
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/352—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering using more than one target
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/50—Substrate holders
- C23C14/505—Substrate holders for rotation of the substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5826—Treatment with charged particles
- C23C14/5833—Ion beam bombardment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32697—Electrostatic control
- H01J37/32706—Polarising the substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32733—Means for moving the material to be treated
- H01J37/32752—Means for moving the material to be treated for moving the material across the discharge
- H01J37/32761—Continuous moving
- H01J37/32779—Continuous moving of batches of workpieces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3402—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering using supplementary magnetic fields
- H01J37/3405—Magnetron sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
- H01J37/3426—Material
- H01J37/3429—Plural materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3464—Operating strategies
- H01J37/3467—Pulsed operation, e.g. HIPIMS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating a substrate, a coating system for carrying out the method and a coated body.
- a substrate e.g. a hard metal or steel substrate
- an ion etching step in which ions are accelerated in the direction of the substrate by means of an acceleration voltage and an etching effect is achieved on the substrate surface.
- WO 2009/132822 A2 describes a device and a method for pre-treating and for coating bodies by means of magnetron sputtering.
- the device comprises a vacuum chamber with a metallic chamber wall and magnetrons with sputter targets arranged therein. At least one of the magnetrons is intended for operation according to high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS, also referred to as HIPIMS). Electrical pulses are fed to an HPPMS magnetron by connecting a capacitance element to the sputter target through a switching element.
- HPPMS high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering
- Electrical pulses are fed to an HPPMS magnetron by connecting a capacitance element to the sputter target through a switching element.
- a body to be coated is placed in the Arranged vacuum chamber of the device and generated a plasma while operating the HPPMS magnetron.
- a negative bias voltage is applied to the body and the body is etched by bombarding it with metal ions.
- the bias voltage is then continuously reduced so that the material sputtered off by the sputtering targets leads to a layer structure on the body.
- Substrate carriers rotatable about a central axis are arranged in a vacuum chamber.
- At least one evaporation source and at least one hollow cathode are arranged radially outside of the substrate carrier.
- the line between the hollow cathode and the associated anode is offset by 150 to 70 ° in relation to the line between the target of the evaporation source and the axis in the plane at right angles to the axis.
- the hollow cathode arc discharge is maintained parallel to the axis and for evaporation of target material from the evaporation source.
- a basic idea of the present invention is therefore not to produce a coating continuously, but to increase the layer growth in a targeted manner one or more times interrupt and then restart.
- the method according to the invention initially provides, in a first method step, a pretreatment of the substrate in an ion etching method.
- Ions are generated, for example gas or preferably metal ions, and accelerated by a bias voltage in the direction of the substrate surface.
- the impacting ions achieve an etching effect over a duration of action, which can include activation of the substrate surface, superficial material removal and also an implantation of ions.
- a first coating layer with a thickness of 0.0 mm to 6 ⁇ m is deposited on the substrate by means of a PVD method. Magnetron sputtering is preferred as the coating method. The coating process is carried out for a selected coating time so that the first coating layer is deposited on the substrate surface.
- the application of the coating is interrupted in the second step by a third method step, which is a further etching step.
- the surface of the previously produced first coating layer is treated by means of an ion etching method.
- the ion etching process of the third process step can preferably be the same type of process as in the first process step; the process parameters used, in particular the etching time and the bias voltage, can be chosen to be the same or different from one another.
- the layer growth is initially interrupted.
- the layer material can be removed to a greater or lesser extent.
- the etching process can lead to a nucleation of the surface due to the introduction of micro-defects.
- a further coating layer with a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m is deposited on the first coating layer or on its surface prepared by the previous etching step by means of a PVD method.
- the same type of loading can preferably be used in the fourth process step.
- layering processes are used as in the second process step. Individual or all of the process parameters can be selected to be the same or different from one another in the two steps.
- the method according to the invention thus comprises a sequence of steps: coating - etching - coating, which can also be referred to as a “repeat start” procedure.
- the repeat-start procedure i.e. interruption of the coating process by ion etching and subsequent continuation of the coating
- a microstructure occurring during the layer build-up can be at least partially interrupted by the intermediate etching step, so that the subsequent coating step does not result in a seamless continuation of the previous growth, but rather, for example, new growth nuclei are formed.
- the continuous continuation of the coating may cause the layer morphology to become coarser in the direction of growth, this effect can be reduced or even completely reset by the intermediate etching step. It is thus possible to achieve a morphology of the coating in which the further coating layer applied after the intermediate etching step is finer in terms of its layer structure than the previous coating layer at least at the beginning, ie adjacent to the interface area to the previous coating layer Surface.
- the internal stresses in the layer can increase as the duration and thickness of the coating progress. It has been shown that if the coating is interrupted and restarted as part of the repeat start procedure, the residual stresses in the multi-layer layer do not increase to the same extent as in the case of a single layer. With a longer coating duration and greater coating thickness, repeat start results in layers with lower residual stresses overall. Layers with lower internal stresses have more favorable toughness properties and better adhesion to the substrate. It has been shown that the single or multiple interruption of the growth can produce layers overall which have a smaller number of imperfections and are therefore denser and less porous. On the one hand, this can result in a smoother layer surface. On the other hand, a denser layer has considerable advantages in terms of chemical resistance, since the denser structure means that there are fewer diffusion paths, for example for the undesired diffusion of atmospheric oxygen during use, which can lead to layer failure.
- the person skilled in the art will recognize, it would be possible to modify the above-mentioned sequence of the first to fourth step, for example by dividing a coating or etching step into several sub-steps with different coating or etching parameters or by procedural steps arranged in between with other treatment measures, e.g. Heat treatment (annealing) or chemical treatment (for example oxidation, carburization), etc.
- other treatment measures e.g. Heat treatment (annealing) or chemical treatment (for example oxidation, carburization), etc.
- the basic pattern ie the sequence of the first to fourth steps, is always retained.
- the surface of the then topmost coating layer can first be treated by means of the ion etching process and then another coating layer can be deposited on the underlying coating layer by means of the PVD process. This can be repeated one or more times so that, for example, at least three or four coating layers result.
- the total number of repetitions of the repeat-start sequence can be selected, for example, depending on the type and desired thickness, so that 2-50 coating layers are formed, preferably 3-20, more preferably 3-10 or 3-5.
- the advantages of the interruption and subsequent continuation of the layer growth can also be used if individual or even all of the procedural steps are carried out spatially and / or temporally separated from one another, i.e. for example at separate locations and in separate treatment or coating systems, if necessary after intermediate storage, etc.
- the application of the process steps within the same coating system, in particular the same vacuum chamber is particularly efficient.
- Two or more of the above process steps are preferably used without interrupting the vacuum, for example the use of the repeat start steps (second process step - coating, third process step - ion etching, fourth process step - coating), particularly preferably the first to fourth Step.
- the process steps can be carried out in the same vacuum chamber of a coating system and / or using the same electrodes (e.g. cathodes and / or electrical connection on the substrate or holder), with only electrical power supplies and / or means for changing pressure or atmosphere can be switched to carry out the different process steps without retooling.
- different magnetron cathodes for example HIPIMS cathodes and DC cathodes
- Cathodes with different target equipment can also be used. In this way, process parameters that differ from one another can be achieved in successive process steps by purely external control, without the system having to be converted between the process steps or the vacuum having to be interrupted.
- the coating steps, as well as the etching steps arranged in between, can be the same or different from one another, for example with regard to the duration of use and / or with regard to the process parameters such as pressure, atmospheric composition, target materials, voltage / electrical power, etc.
- the bias voltage in the second method step is preferably higher than in the first and second method step.
- a higher bias voltage accelerates ions of the plasma more strongly towards the substrate, so that ion etching takes place at a higher bias voltage.
- further coating steps can optionally also be carried out so that a respective coating layer is obtained with a thickness of 0.14m to 64m, preferably 0.54m - 54m, more preferably 14m - 44m.
- the thicknesses of at least two successive coating layers deviate from one another by less than +/- 50%, more preferably by less than +/- 25%, particularly preferably by less than +/- 15% (in each case based on the thinner coating layer) .
- This also preferably applies to all coating layers that are produced in the repeat start process.
- layers of very different overall thickness can be produced.
- a very thin total layer thickness of just 0.54m, which consists of two or more coating layers, can be sufficient.
- the total thickness can be up to 304m, for example.
- the continuous production of such thick single-layer layers by means of a PVD coating process often results in such coarse structures and / or high inherent stresses that the layers can no longer be used for many applications, e.g. due to insufficient layer adhesion and / or excessive roughness.
- subdividing the thick coatings into, for example, two or more, preferably three or more coating layers, it is surprisingly possible to avoid these disadvantages.
- a cathode sputtering method is preferably used, in which at least one target of at least one magnetron cathode is preferably sputtered.
- a direct voltage, alternating voltage or pulsed voltage applied to a cathode can be used with this, a HIPIMS method is special prefers.
- This is a class of processes that are also known as "high-performance pulsed magnetron sputtering" and in which the magnetron cathodes are supplied with electrical power in the form of very short but extremely high-energy pulses, which results in a high ion density of the coating particles in front of the Mag Netron cathodes is achieved.
- a high peak power of, for example, 60 W / cm 2 or more, preferably 100 W / cm 2 or more, particularly preferably 200 W / cm 2 to 2300 W / cm 2 (per cathode, based on) is characteristic of HIPIMS operation on the target surface of the respective cathode) during a pulse.
- a pulse duty factor between the pulse duration and the pulse pause is usually below 0.5, ie the pulse pause is longer than the pulse duration.
- Devices and methods for operating magnetron cathodes via HIPIMS are disclosed, for example, in WO 2009/132822 A2 by the applicant.
- a HIPIMS coating process is preferably understood to mean that one, more or all of the cathodes in the vacuum chamber of a coating system are operated with high-power pulses according to the HIPIMS process, with additional cathodes also being able to run simultaneously in DC mode.
- the pulse durations preferably used in the HIPIMS method can be, for example, 5-200 ps.
- the HIPIMS pulses can preferably be generated with frequencies of, for example, 100-10,000 Hz, particularly preferably 2000-6000 Hz.
- a bias voltage is preferably applied to the substrate, in particular a negative bias voltage, so that positively charged ions are accelerated in the direction of the substrate surface.
- the bias voltage can be a constant or pulsed direct voltage.
- a pulsed direct voltage is preferably pulsed in a unipolar manner.
- the pulse frequency can be in the mf (medium frequency) range, for example at 50 kHz to 3 MHz, preferably 100 kHz to 1 MHz, particularly preferably 150 to 500 kHz.
- the HIPIMS coating process is carried out with the application of a pulsed bias voltage on the substrate.
- the bias pulses can preferably be timed with the HIPIMS pulses applied to a cathode be synchronized.
- Synchronized means that the pulses of the bias voltage (bias pulses) are applied with the same frequency as the HIPIMS pulses on one or more cathodes, or that the frequencies are an integral multiple of each other.
- the pulse frequency of the bias pulses preferably corresponds to at least the HIPIMS pulse frequency multiplied by the number of HIPIMS cathodes.
- the HIPIMS pulses and the bias pulses can be synchronized in time so that they have the same duration and begin at the same time, but preferably the duration can also differ and / or a lead time or delay time (offset) of the bias pulse be given to the respective HIPIMS pulse.
- the synchronization is particularly preferred such that the bias pulse occurs with a delay (offset) of, for example, 5 ps or more compared to the assigned HIPIMS pulse, preferably 20-504 s or more.
- the synchronization is preferably such that the bias pulse has a lag time of, for example, 5 ps or more, preferably tops or more, compared to the assigned HIPIMS pulse.
- composition of the coating or of each coating layer can be used for the composition of the coating or of each coating layer.
- this includes one or more target Materials released by atomization.
- components can be supplied in gaseous form.
- coating can take place in a reactive coating process, for example by supplying reactive gas containing nitrogen, oxygen and / or carbon.
- the coating is preferably a hard material layer.
- Each coating layer can, for example, consist of a material system that has one or more metallic elements, or preferably at least one metallic element and at least one non-metallic element. In particular, it can be composed of one or more metallic elements and one or more non-metallic elements. Binary, ternary and quaternary hard materials are preferred, i.e. with two, three or four different metallic elements. Compositions are preferred in which the metallic element or elements are selected from the group comprising Al, Si, B and elements of groups 4-6 of the periodic table according to IUPAC (1988). (For the sake of simplicity, the semimetals Si and B are regarded as metallic elements in this context.) Particularly preferably, Ti is contained in the composition as one of the metallic elements.
- the non-metallic elements can, for example, be selected from the group comprising C, N and O, preferably from the group comprising C and N, particularly preferably N is provided as the only non-metallic element.
- compositions of layers are either directly referred to as chemical compounds or phases or as material systems.
- Material systems are identified by listing the elements contained therein, separated from one another by a hyphen, whereby the metallic elements are specified first and then the non-metallic elements.
- the metallic and non-metallic elements are preferably named one after the other in the order according to their proportion (in atomic percent).
- the specification of the material system can correspond to the chemical compound, but this is not the case in all cases.
- the material system Ti-C will contain the hard material compound TiC or consist entirely of it, while the material system Ti-B includes or consists of the hard material compound TiB 2.
- Preferred material systems include, for example, Al-Ti-N, Ti-B, Ti-Si-N, Al-Ti-Si-N, Ti-CN, Al-Ti-Cr-Si-N or Ti-Al-CN.
- Metal le for example Al, Ti, Si and / or Cr, preferably provided in solid form as components of one or more targets on cathodes.
- At least one coating layer is formed from Al x -Ti - x -N, more preferably with x> 0.4 or x> 0.5, particularly preferably 0.55 ⁇ x ⁇ 0, 65.
- the Al proportion x is preferably a maximum of 70%.
- At least two, preferably several or all of the coating layers of the coating formed during the coating steps can comprise the same elements, i.e. the same material system and possibly the same relative proportions of the elements contained. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to specify different compositions of the coating layers.
- the ion etching process in the first, third and / or further process steps can preferably be carried out in that a plasma is ignited by a cathode and a relatively high acceleration voltage (bias voltage) is applied to the substrate.
- a plasma can mainly consist of gas ions.
- cathodes can be operated with HIPIMS pulses in order to generate a plasma with a high number of metal ions.
- the bias voltage can preferably be a constant or unipolar or bipolar (mf-) pulsed direct voltage.
- the ion etching process can comprise several partial steps, for example a partial etching step in which a plasma is generated and a bias voltage in the form of a bipolar mf-pulsed DC voltage with a frequency of 50 kHz, for example -iMHz and a pulse height of, for example, 100 V-1000 V, preferably 300 V-800 V, is applied for a first period of time and a further partial etching step in which, after a plasma has been generated, a bias voltage in the form of a direct voltage, for example in Range from -50 V to -400V, preferably -100 V to -300V, is applied for a second period of time.
- the second time period is preferably longer than the first time period, more preferably at least twice as long.
- the first period of time can be 5 to 30 minutes and the second period of time 30 to 200, preferably 40 to 150 minutes.
- the two partial etching steps differ in their effect on the substrate, in particular others through the use of electrical edge effects in the case of DC voltage bias.
- the etching with mf-pulsed bias voltage has a largely uniform effect on all surfaces of the substrate.
- edges are etched, i.e. in particular the cutting edges.
- the parameters of the ion etching process in the first process step, in which the substrate is etched can match the parameters of the etching process in the third process step (and possibly further process steps in which a further intermediate etch is carried out).
- the substrate can be etched longer in the first process step than the respective surface of the coating layers in a subsequent intermediate etching step. More preferably, for example, a lower bias voltage can be applied in the first method step than in further etching steps.
- the total etching removal in an intermediate etching step is preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10%, more preferably 5% or less, particularly preferably 2% or less of the thickness of the respective coating layer.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing a tool, in particular a tool with at least one cutting edge.
- a tool in particular a tool with at least one cutting edge.
- it is preferably, for example, a drill, milling cutter or an indexable insert.
- the coated substrate can consist of various materials, for example steel (HSS). It is preferably a hard metal, in particular WC / Co sintered material.
- HSS steel
- WC WC / Co sintered material
- the method according to the invention can also be applied to other types of substrate materials, such as, for example, cBN substrates or ceramic substrates.
- the invention also relates to a coating installation for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- This comprises a vacuum chamber and a device for arranging a substrate in the vacuum chamber, for example a substrate holder, preferably for rotating the substrate, particularly preferably for planetary rotation.
- Means for generating a plasma are provided in the vacuum chamber, preferably magnetron cathodes, which are connected to a suitable electrical power supply.
- There are also means for generating a bias voltage on the substrate provided, preferably an electrical power supply which is ruled out to the substrate. Both power supplies can be connected to a counter electrode, for example the wall of the chamber or a separate anode.
- the coating system comprises control means for controlling the coating system for the automatic execution of the method according to the invention.
- the control means can, for example, comprise a programmable computer with an operating program that specifies the method steps according to the invention.
- the means for generating the plasma and / or the means for generating the bias voltage are preferably controllable by the control means.
- the programming preferably has at least one loop for repeating programmed method steps in order to implement the repeat-start method explained above.
- the invention also relates to a coated body, preferably produced by means of the method according to the invention.
- the coated body according to the invention comprises a substrate and at least one coating applied thereon.
- the coating comprises at least two coating layers with a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m each.
- An interface area formed by ion etching is arranged at least between two of the coating layers. At the interface area, the coating layers have an apparent structural change due to the above-explained interruption of the layer growth, namely different layer morphologies directly adjacent to one another.
- the coating can preferably have more than two coating layers of 0.1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m each, between which interface areas formed by ion etching are arranged.
- the layer morphology of the coating is preferably such that when - considered in the direction of increasing distance from the substrate - a first and subsequent second coating layer are separated from one another by an interface area, the structure of the second coating layer adjacent to the interface area is finer than the structure of the first coating system adjacent to the interface area.
- the interface area is thus preferably characterized by a change in the layer morphology from one coarser to a finer morphology.
- An assessment of the morphology can, as is known to the person skilled in the art, for example.
- structure zone models for example according to Thornton (Thornton, J., 1974. Influence of geometry apparatus and deposition conditions in the structure and topography of thick sputtered coatings. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 666-670).
- the coating preferably has overall lower internal stresses compared to a coating of the same thickness, which - under otherwise identical conditions - is deposited continuously, i.e. without interruption and formation of interface areas, by ion etching.
- FIG. 1 In a schematic representation, a plan view of a coating installation;
- FIG. 2 shows, in a perspective, likewise schematic representation, a view of parts of the coating system from FIG. 1;
- FIG. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a coated body in the form of an indexable cutting plate;
- FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic sectional view, a coating of the coated body from FIG. 3 with a plurality of layer layers;
- FIG. Fig. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a coating process
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram showing the course of various electrical quantities over time during a coating step
- FIG. 7a shows a photograph of a spherical cut of a coating according to the exemplary embodiment
- 7b shows a photographic image of a dome grind of a coating according to a reference method
- FIG. 7c shows an SEM image of a coating on a substrate
- FIG. 7d shows an enlarged view of part of the SEM image from FIG. 7c.
- a PVD coating system 10 is shown with a vacuum chamber 12.
- An interior 20 of the vacuum chamber 12 can be evacuated by a hood 14 to generate a vacuum.
- a process gas preferably a noble gas or a mixture of different noble gases, for example argon and / or krypton, can be admitted through an access 16.
- a reactive gas such as nitrogen can be introduced through an access 18.
- the inlets 16, 18 can also be replaced by a common inlet for a process gas and a non-combustible reactive gas.
- magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are arranged in the interior 20 of the vacuum chamber 12, each with plate-shaped sputter targets 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d.
- Fig. 2 only two magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b are shown for a better overview.
- the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are aligned with their sputter targets 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d in the direction of the center of the vacuum chamber 12.
- cutting inserts 40 are charged as substrates.
- the substrate carriers 34 are upright, rod-like holders on which the indexable inserts 40 are slipped.
- the indexable inserts 40 are electrically connected to the substrate table via the substrate carrier 32 and substrate plate 32
- An indexable insert 40 is shown in FIG. 3. It has a rake face 42 and a free face 44. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the free surface 44 is arranged parallel to the sputter targets 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d of the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d. The edges between the surfaces 42, 44 are provided for use as cutting edges during machining.
- the indexable insert 40 consists of a WC / Co sintered hard metal.
- the indexable insert 40 is merely an example of a substrate to be coated. Alternatively, components or tools of various shapes can be charged to suitably shaped substrate holders 34 in each case.
- the magnetron cathodes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d are each connected to a controllable electrical power supply 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, by means of which an electrical voltage can be applied to the electrically conductive wall of the vacuum chamber 12.
- a controllable bias power supply 36 is connected to the substrate table 30, by means of which an electrical voltage can be applied opposite the wall of the vacuum chamber 12 to the substrate table 30, the substrate holder 34 and the substrates 40.
- the power supplies 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 36 are each shown here only schematically as controllable electrical voltage supplies. These can be conventional DC power supplies, pulsed power supplies and / or HPIMS power supplies. In the example shown, the power supplies 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d can be switched between DC and HIPIMS operating modes in a controlled manner. In alternative embodiments, however, dedicated DC and HIPIMS cathodes can also be arranged within the vacuum chamber 12 and connected to dedicated DC and HIPIMS power supplies, which can then be selectively activated or deactivated by control from the central controller 36.
- the power supplies 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 36 and pumps (not shown) at the inlets and outlets 14, 16, 18 are each connected to a central controller 36 of the system 10.
- the central control 36 is programmable so that all parameters of the pretreatment and coating processes running in the interior 20 of the vacuum chamber 12 are controlled by the control 36.
- a hard material layer with a particularly great thickness of more than 1 mm is to be applied.
- Such thick layers usually cannot be applied with sufficient layer adhesion for machining applications.
- FIG. 5 a sequence of the coating process automatically predetermined by programming the central control 36 is shown schematically.
- titanium plates are each equipped with aluminum plugs as sputter targets 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d.
- a preparation step 60 the substrates 40 are charged within the system 10, and the vacuum chamber 12 is evacuated to a pressure of 350 mPa and heated.
- a first etching step 62 the surface 54 of the hard metal material 52 of the substrates 40 is etched.
- the first etching step 62 is a combined etching step with a first and a second partial etching step, by means of which the substrate surface is cleaned and etched by means of gas ions.
- ion etching takes place, in which a plasma is initially ignited by means of the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d.
- the bias power supply 36 is controlled in such a way that a bipolar mf-pulsed bias voltage (240 kHz) of ⁇ 650 V against the wall of the chamber is applied to the substrate 40. In this way, gas ions of the plasma are accelerated onto the surface 54 of the substrate 40.
- the first partial etching step is used for a duration of approx. 15 minutes.
- the result is a low etching rate of 0.1 pm / h.
- a further ion etching takes place, for which a plasma is initially ignited, likewise by means of the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d.
- the bias power supply 36 is controlled in such a way that the substrate 40 has a negative potential applied to it by a constant DC bias voltage of -200V.
- the etching removal in the second partial etching step is approx. 0.5 ⁇ m / h.
- the etching step 62 is followed by a switchover on the part of the central controller 36 without vacuum interruption, in which the power supplies 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d of the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are controlled so that they are in HIPIMS mode operated with short, high voltage pulses.
- Each of the four magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is supplied with a peak power of approximately 100 kW during the coating step 64.
- the bias voltage supply 36 is controlled in such a way that a pulsed bias voltage of for example -50 to -150 V is applied, the bias pulses being synchronized with the power pulses of the magnetron cathodes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d .
- the bias voltage is provided with an offset so that the bias pulses start with a slight time delay compared to the HIPIMS pulses.
- nitrogen is also supplied as a reactive gas.
- FIG. 6 shows, by way of example, the time courses of various curves of electrical variables during the coating step 64, namely the voltage 80 at the magnetron cathodes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d (solid line), the cathode current 82 (dotted line), the cathode peak power 84 (dashed line) -dotted line), the bias voltage 86 (dash-double-dotted line) and the bias current 88 (dashed line).
- the voltage 80 is applied to the magnetron cathodes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d in pulses 90, while the bias voltage 86 is applied in temporally trailing bias pulses 92.
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the structure of a coating 50 on the hard metal substrate material 52.
- a first coating layer 56a is produced there.
- the coating rate is approximately 2 ⁇ m / h, so that at the end of the coating step 64 a thickness of the first coating layer 56a of approximately 3 ⁇ m is achieved.
- the material system of the first coating layer 56a is Al-Ti-N.
- An Al content x of around 60% is achieved (among the metallic elements). Due to the delay of the bias pulses 92 with respect to the HIPIMS pulses 90, relatively few gas ions are implanted into the coating layer 56a, so that it has a relatively low internal stress.
- the coating step 64 is followed by an intermediate etching step 66.
- the intermediate etching step 66 is carried out with the same parameters as the first etching step 62, i.e. with two successive partial etching steps.
- the etching steps 62, 66 are carried out with different parameters, in particular the intermediate etching step is of shorter duration than the first etching step 62.
- the etching removal achieved in the intermediate etching step 66 is significantly less than the values specified above for the first etching step 62, since the etched coating layer 56a is harder than the substrate surface etched in the first etching step 62.
- the coating step 68 corresponds to the previous coating step 64 with regard to all parameters.
- the coating step 68 is also carried out for the same duration as the previous coating step 64.
- different coating steps can be carried out with different parameters, so that, for example, coating layers that differ from one another in terms of thickness, structure and / or composition result.
- the cycle of coating / intermediate etching / coating is run through so often that a total of four coating layers 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d each with intermediate etching of the one below Surface are deposited on each other (Fig. 4).
- the substrates 40 are then cooled in the subsequent step 70.
- the coating steps 64, 68 are each carried out with identical parameters, the resulting coating 50 has a structure with recognizable separate coating layers 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d.
- FIG. 7a shows this with a spherical cut on the surface 44 of a coated body 40.
- the interface areas formed by the intermediate etching steps between the coating layers 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d can be seen as rings.
- a continuously produced coating in the dome cut shows no such rings.
- FIG. 7c shows an SEM image of the substrate material 52 with the coating layers 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d formed thereon.
- the interface areas are marked by white frames.
- the respective change in the layer morphology is sometimes difficult to see in the magnification shown, but becomes more visible at a higher magnification (Fig. 7d).
- Fig. 7d At least for the first interface area - seen from the substrate surface - it can already be seen from the illustration in FIG. 7c and even more clearly seen in FIG. 7d that the layer morphology changes from a coarser structure to a significantly finer structure. In Thornton's structural zone model, this corresponds to a change from structural zone 1 to structural zone T.
- the surface of the coating 50 turns out to be smooth, tight and largely free of pores.
- the tool 40 coated therewith thus has a high level of resistance for various purposes, in particular for machining applications.
- the coating 50 has a total layer thickness of approximately 12 ⁇ m. While a comparative layer applied with the same parameters, but continuously applied, has a very high intrinsic layer stress and has poor adhesion to the substrate material 52, the coating 50 of the same thickness only has a compressive stress of approximately -1.4 GPa and good layer adhesion.
- the layer materials, total layer thickness, number of coating layers and the type of the tool coated with it, its application and the workpiece material to be processed with it are specified for various examples.
- coating layers of at least essentially the same thickness are assumed in each case, that is to say, for example, with a total layer thickness of 12 ⁇ m and 4 coating layers of 3 ⁇ m thick coating layers each.
- magnetron cathodes can also be used within the vacuum chamber 12 .
- Different cathodes can be connected to different types of electrical power supplies, for example also to pure DC power supplies.
- the power supplies can be connected against the chamber wall, as shown, but alternatively a separate anode, electrically insulated from the chamber wall, can also be provided.
- a separate anode electrically insulated from the chamber wall, can also be provided.
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Abstract
Description
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US17/642,462 US20220307123A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-08 | Multi-layer coating |
CN202080064726.5A CN114423882B (zh) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-08 | 多层涂层 |
JP2022514620A JP2022547879A (ja) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-08 | 多層コーティング |
EP20780569.8A EP4028569A2 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-08 | Mehrlagige beschichtung |
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DE102006019000A1 (de) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-12-13 | Vtd Vakuumtechnik Dresden Gmbh | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur plasmagestützten Abscheidung von Hartstoffschichten |
WO2009132822A2 (de) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | Cemecon Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum vorbehandeln und beschichten von körpern |
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US5330853A (en) * | 1991-03-16 | 1994-07-19 | Leybold Ag | Multilayer Ti-Al-N coating for tools |
WO2007121954A1 (de) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Cemecon Ag | Beschichteter körper |
EP2042261A3 (de) * | 2007-09-26 | 2015-02-18 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beschichteten Schneidwerkzeugs |
JP2010102805A (ja) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-05-06 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | トンネル接合型磁気抵抗効果ヘッド |
FR3025929B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-10-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Gaines de combustible nucleaire, procedes de fabrication et utilisation contre l'oxydation. |
SG11201708016SA (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-12-28 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Method for producing magnetic recording medium |
EP3380645B1 (de) * | 2015-11-27 | 2024-05-01 | CemeCon AG | Beschichtung eines körpers mit diamantschicht und hartstoffschicht |
DE102017111784A1 (de) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Beschichtetes Substrat mit titanhaltiger Beschichtung und modifizierter Titanoxidbeschichtung |
US20190088457A1 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Sync controller for high impulse magnetron sputtering |
DE102020116157A1 (de) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-23 | Cemecon Ag. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung sowie beschichteter Körper |
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DE102006019000A1 (de) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-12-13 | Vtd Vakuumtechnik Dresden Gmbh | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur plasmagestützten Abscheidung von Hartstoffschichten |
WO2009132822A2 (de) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | Cemecon Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum vorbehandeln und beschichten von körpern |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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THORNTON, J.: "Influence of apparatus geometry and deposition conditions in the structure and topography of thick sputtered coatings", JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, 1974, pages 666 - 670, XP000998787, DOI: 10.1116/1.1312732 |
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CN114423882A (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
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