WO2021046639A1 - Projectile friable à base de plastique thermodurcissable - Google Patents

Projectile friable à base de plastique thermodurcissable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021046639A1
WO2021046639A1 PCT/CA2020/051210 CA2020051210W WO2021046639A1 WO 2021046639 A1 WO2021046639 A1 WO 2021046639A1 CA 2020051210 W CA2020051210 W CA 2020051210W WO 2021046639 A1 WO2021046639 A1 WO 2021046639A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powdered metal
curing
slurry mixture
thermoset
projectile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2020/051210
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jack MASSARELLO
Robert A. SOTELO
Zachary B. Spencer
Brian E. Spencer
Andrew H. Weisberg
Original Assignee
Global Metallix Canada Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Global Metallix Canada Inc. filed Critical Global Metallix Canada Inc.
Publication of WO2021046639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021046639A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/10—Metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
    • C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
    • C08G61/08—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds of carbocyclic compounds containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F42B8/14—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/33—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/332—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms
    • C08G2261/3325—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms derived from other polycyclic systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/085—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0887—Tungsten

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to a mixtures of a thermoset polymer and powdered metal, and more specifically to a thermoset-based frangible projectile.
  • a cartridge or a round is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a proj ectile (or bullet), a propellant substance and an ignition device (primer) within a metallic, paper or plastic case that is precisely made to fit within the barrel chamber of a gun, for the practical purpose of convenient transportation and handling during shooting.
  • a bullet is a kinetic projectile and the component of firearm ammunition that is expelled from the gun barrel during shooting. Bullets are made of a variety of materials such as copper, lead, steel, polymer, rubber and even wax. A traditional bullet’s projectile may have a lead core wrapped in a copper jacket construction. Bullet sizes are expressed by their weights and diameters (referred to as "calibers”) in both imperial and metric measurement systems.
  • the bullets used in many cartridges are fired at muzzle velocities faster than the speed of sound and thus can each travel a substantial distance to a target before a nearby observer hears the sound of the shot. Bullets do not normally contain explosives, but damage the intended target by transferring kinetic energy upon impact and penetration.
  • Frangible ammunition sometimes informally called frangible ammo, is somewhat similar to traditional ammunition, except for the projectile.
  • Frangible ammo is a type of ammo loaded with a special frangible bullet or projectile.
  • a frangible bullet is generally constructed of a powder metal compressed or “sintered” into a bullet. This unique bullet construction provides an effective and lethal force with additional safety features for shooters, trainers, and marksmen.
  • the main safety benefit frangible ammo provides is the bullet’s ability to shatter or disintegrate into a powder or tiny particles upon contact with a surface harder than itself.
  • Tiny particles are slowed more rapidly by non-target environments such as air resistance, and accordingly, are less likely to cause injury or damage to persons and objects distant from the point of bullet impact.
  • frangible bullets are subj ect to brittle failure upon striking a hard target. This mechanism has been used to minimize the tendency of malleable lead and copper bullets to ricochet from hard targets as large, cohesive particles.
  • Frangible bullets offer improved safety for specialized combat simulation training involving firing at an array of multiple steel targets in various directions encountered while moving through a maze.
  • Frangible bullets are also used in reduced ricochet, limited penetration loads intended to reduce risk to friendly forces and innocent persons during close quarters military or police actions in urban areas, aboard ships or aircraft, or in hazardous material environments like oil platforms and chemical or nuclear plants.
  • Powder metallurgy techniques fabricate bullets from mixtures of powdered metals compressed at room temperature to produce a high-density material. Mechanical interlocking and cold welding bond the metals together either pressed directly to shape, or into bar stock billets that can be swaged into projectiles, with or without jacketing.
  • Alternative manufacturing techniques include heat treating or sintering powdered metals at temperatures below the melting point, or binding the powdered metal with an adhesive or a thermoplastic polymer in an injection molding machine.
  • thermoplastic resin is highly viscous and tends to trap bubbles therein. The presence of bubbles lowers the density of the projectile. Accordingly, the projectile has a lower mass and hence a lower kinetic energy which is not desirable.
  • a process for making a frangible projectile comprises mixing a predetermined amount of a thermoset polymer resin with a predetermined amount of powdered metal to produce a slurry mixture.
  • the process includes pouring the slurry mixture into a mold and curing the slurry mixture.
  • the process further comprises providing the predetermined weight of thermoset polymer resin.
  • the process further comprises providing the predetermined weight of powdered metal.
  • thermoset is Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD).
  • the powdered metal is copper. In another embodiment, the powdered metal is tungsten.
  • curing the mixture comprises curing the slurry mixture under atmospheric air conditions. In another embodiment, curing the mixture comprises curing the slurry mixture under vacuum.
  • curing the mixture comprises curing the slurry mixture under pressure. In one embodiment, curing the mixture under pressure comprises curing the slurry mixture in an autoclave.
  • mixing the thermoset polymer resin with the powdered metal comprises injecting the thermoset polymer resin under pressure into the powdered metal. [0018] In one embodiment, mixing the thermoset polymer resin with the powdered metal comprises producing vacuum for drawing the thermoset polymer resin towards the powdered metal.
  • the process is carried out under pressure. In another embodiment, the process is carried out in a vacuum.
  • thermoset polymer mixed with a powdered metal for use as a replacement for lead.
  • the mixture is produced by the above process.
  • an ammunition round comprising a case, a propellant substance, an ignition device, and a frangible projectile.
  • the case is sized to fit within the barrel of a gun or an artillery piece, has an open end, a closed end and an interior.
  • the propellant substance is disposed in the interior of the case.
  • the ignition device is arranged at the closed end of the case and configured for igniting the propellant substance.
  • the frangible projectile is disposed at the open end such that when the ignition device is activated, the propellant substance causes the projectile to be propelled away from the closed end.
  • the frangible projectile is comprised of a thermoset mixed with a powdered metal.
  • thermoset is PDCPD.
  • the powdered metal is copper. In another embodiment, the powdered metal is tungsten.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a round of ammunition employing a frangible projectile, shown partly in cross-section;
  • FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing steps for making a frangible projectile, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 3A is a side view of a mold assembly for making a frangible projectile, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3B is a side sectional view of the mold assembly of FIG. 3A taken at line A-A in FIG. 3A
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure are presented below by way of example only and not limitation.
  • a process for making a frangible projectile is disclosed.
  • a fragile projectile made using the process is disclosed.
  • the terms “comprising”, “having”, “including”, and “containing”, and grammatical variations thereof, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, un-recited elements and/or method steps.
  • the term “consisting essentially of’ when used herein in connection with a composition, use or method, denotes that additional elements, method steps or both additional elements and method steps may be present, but that these additions do not materially affect the manner in which the recited composition, method, or use functions.
  • the term “consisting of’ when used herein in connection with a composition, use, or method excludes the presence of additional elements and/or method steps.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a round of ammunition 100 partly in cross- section.
  • the round 100 includes a case 110, sized to fit within the barrel of a gun or an artillery piece.
  • the case 110 includes an open end 112, a closed end 114, and an interior.
  • a propellant substance 120 is disposed in the interior of the case 110.
  • An ignition device, such as a primer 130 is arranged at the closed end of the case 110 and is configured for igniting the propellant substance 120.
  • a frangible projectile (or bullet) 140 is disposed at the open end of the case 110 such that when the primer 130 is activated, the propellant substance 120 causes the projectile 140 to be propelled away from the closed end 114, towards a target.
  • the frangible projectile 140 includes a thermoset mixed with a powdered metal.
  • the thermoset is Polydicyclopentadiene or PDCPD.
  • the powdered metal is made of tungsten or copper.
  • the powdered metal is powdered tungsten while in other embodiments, the metal is powdered copper.
  • one or more of tin, copper, zinc, and/or tungsten may be used to form the powdered metal.
  • PDCPD fluid has a lower viscosity than other thermosets and thermoplastics.
  • PDCPD has a low porosity and does not accumulate air bubbles therein, which makes it a high density material desirable for bullet manufacturing as it leads to a high ballistic coefficient. The higher the ballistic coefficient, the better the material for the intended application.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart summarizing a process 200 for making a frangible projectile in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a predetermined amount of powdered metal is measured by weight.
  • the powered metal may be one or more of powdered tungsten, powdered copper or any other suitable powdered metal or similar material .
  • thermoset resin is measured by weight. These predetermined amounts of the powdered metal and thermoset are chosen depending on the desired rigidity of the frangible projectiles produced.
  • thermoset resin and the powdered metal are mixed together to produce a slurry mixture.
  • the mixing is done at room temperature under normal ambient conditions. The mixing may be done manually or using an agitator.
  • step 240 the slurry mixture is poured into a mold . This process is described later and further illustrated in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B.
  • the slurry mixture is cured while in the mold.
  • the slurry mixture is cured under atmospheric conditions.
  • the slurry mixture is cured under pressure, such as in an autoclave.
  • the slurry mixture is cured in vacuum.
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B depict a mold 300 used to make frangible projectiles for use in rounds of frangible ammunition is shown.
  • the mold 300 in the depicted embodiment includes three layers: the bottom mold 320, the top mold 330, and a three funnel block 340.
  • the bottom mold 320 and the top mold 330 are secured together by a plurality of screws 350.
  • a bullet (or projectile) diffuser mold 310 is formed in bottom mold 320 and top mold 330.
  • the diffuser mold is aligned with the funnels 345.
  • the spring pings 380 keep the three funnel block 340 aligned with respect to the top mold 330 and the bottom mold 320 such that resin may be poured into the funnels 345 and end up in the diffuser mold.
  • An O-ring 390 is positioned around each of the diffuser molds 310 between top mold 330 and the bottom mold 320.
  • the O-ring ensures a tight seal between the top mold 330 and bottom mold 320, such that the resin remains in the diffuser molds 310 until it cures.
  • the slurry mixture of thermoset and powdered metal is poured into each of the funnels 345.
  • the mold 330 is placed in an autoclave under pressure, placed in vacuum, or left at room temperature. Once the slurry mixture has cured, the three funnel block 340 is removed. The screws 350 can then be unfastened and the top mold 330 can be removed from the lower mold 320. The bullets may then be removed from the diffuser molds.
  • an ammunition round such as ammunition 100
  • a case such as case 110
  • a propellant substance such as propellant substance 120
  • an ignition device such as ignition device primer 130
  • a frangible projectile such as frangible projectile 140.
  • the case is sized to fit within the barrel of a gun or an artillery piece, the case having an open end, a closed end and an interior.
  • the propellant substance 120 disposed in the interior of the case 110.
  • the ignition device arranged at the closed end of the case and configured for igniting the propellant substance.
  • the frangible projectile 140 disposed at the open end such that when the ignition device is activated, the propellant substance causes the projectile to be propelled away from the closed end.
  • the frangible projectile is made of a thermoset mixed with a powdered metal.
  • the frangible projectile 140 may be made using process 200 as described above.
  • the combination of PDCPD and a powdered metal such as tungsten results in a high density frangible projectile 140.
  • the higher density translates to higher kinetic energy being applied to the target by the projectile upon impact, than the energy from another projectile of a similar size but lower density.
  • the frangible projectiles made of PDCPD and powdered metal such as tungsten powder have better dispersion upon impact. Furthermore, materials such as tungsten are environmentally friendly whereas other metals such as lead are not environmentally friendly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé amélioré de fabrication de projectiles friables, et les projectiles friables améliorés qui sont ainsi fabriqués. Les projectiles sont fabriqués par mélange d'une quantité prédéterminée d'une résine polymère thermodurcie avec une quantité prédéterminée de métal en poudre pour produire un mélange de bouillie. Le mélange de bouillie est versé dans un moule et durci pour former le projectile.
PCT/CA2020/051210 2019-09-10 2020-09-09 Projectile friable à base de plastique thermodurcissable WO2021046639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962898175P 2019-09-10 2019-09-10
US62/898,175 2019-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021046639A1 true WO2021046639A1 (fr) 2021-03-18

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ID=74867108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2020/051210 WO2021046639A1 (fr) 2019-09-10 2020-09-09 Projectile friable à base de plastique thermodurcissable

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283314A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-12-21 Cesaroni Anthony J Bismuth projectile
US9587918B1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-07 True Velocity, Inc. Ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding
US10287213B2 (en) * 2011-05-08 2019-05-14 Global Tungsten And Powders Corp. Frangible projectile and method for making same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060283314A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-12-21 Cesaroni Anthony J Bismuth projectile
US10287213B2 (en) * 2011-05-08 2019-05-14 Global Tungsten And Powders Corp. Frangible projectile and method for making same
US9587918B1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-07 True Velocity, Inc. Ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding

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