EP0970329A1 - Projectile plaque servant de munition subsonique - Google Patents

Projectile plaque servant de munition subsonique

Info

Publication number
EP0970329A1
EP0970329A1 EP98922015A EP98922015A EP0970329A1 EP 0970329 A1 EP0970329 A1 EP 0970329A1 EP 98922015 A EP98922015 A EP 98922015A EP 98922015 A EP98922015 A EP 98922015A EP 0970329 A1 EP0970329 A1 EP 0970329A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
core
weapon
powder
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98922015A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0970329A4 (fr
Inventor
Harold F. Beal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DORIS NEBEL BEAL INTER VIVOS PATENT TRUST
Original Assignee
Cove Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/815,003 external-priority patent/US5822904A/en
Application filed by Cove Corp filed Critical Cove Corp
Publication of EP0970329A1 publication Critical patent/EP0970329A1/fr
Publication of EP0970329A4 publication Critical patent/EP0970329A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ammunition for small-bore weapons operated in the semi-automatic or automatic mode and wherein the projectile of the ammunition travels at a subsonic velocity from the weapon to the target and without generating audible sound while in free flight.
  • the invention relates to a projectile for use in subsonic ammunition for weapons of .50 caliber or smaller bore.
  • the terms "weapon” and “gun” are at times used interchangeably and are to be deemed synonymous unless otherwise indicated or obvious from the context of their use.
  • the projectile fired from a weapon leaves the muzzle of the weapon at a speed that is greater than subsonic speed, i.e. at a muzzle velocity of greater than approximately 1086 ft/sec. at sea level under standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
  • subsonic speed i.e. at a muzzle velocity of greater than approximately 1086 ft/sec. at sea level under standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
  • faster speeds of projectiles tend to reduce the effects of lateral wind forces upon the path of the projectile to its target. Therefore, for accuracy of delivery of the projectile to a desired target, commonly it has been the practice to maximize the quantity of powder used to project a given weight projectile to its target consistent with the permissible chamber pressure for a given weapon.
  • Projectiles traveling at supersonic speeds frequently generate an audible sound during their free flight to the target, a major source of which is wobble (yaw) of the projectile during flight.
  • This sound, and/or the sound generated by the projectile breaking the sound barrier can be used to locate the source of the weapon from which the projectile was fired.
  • a round of ammunition (at times synonymously termed a "bullet” or a “cartridge”) normally includes a case which includes a primer, a quantity of powder contained within the case, and a projectile held in the open end of the case.
  • a flame which serves to ignite the powder within the case, generating gases which expand and propel the projectile from the muzzle of the weapon.
  • the case is geometrically shaped and sized to be contained within the chamber of the weapon, and the projectile is of a diametral dimension which allows it to fit in the breech end of the barrel, and to eventually pass through the barrel upon firing of the round.
  • the standard cartridge case is of a diameter which is substantially larger than the diameter of the bore of the weapon
  • that end of the case which receives and holds the projectile of the cartridge is "necked down" to a diameter suitable to engage and hold the projectile in the case.
  • the outer diameter of the case for a 5.56 mm cartridge commonly is approximately .360 inch, and the outer diameter of the projectile thereof is .224 inch.
  • any portion of the projectile that projects from the end of the case is received within the breech end of the bore of the weapon.
  • the circular shoulder developed on the case by the necking-down operation serves as a point of reference for the insertion of the cartridge in the chamber of the weapon.
  • the chamber of the weapon is sized and shaped such that, when the cartridge is fully and properly inserted into the chamber, at least the juncture of the necked-down length of the case with the circular base of the shoulder engages the breech end of the barrel. With the cartridge in this position within the chamber, that portion of the projectile which projects outwardly from the end of the case is disposed within the bore of the weapon. Through adjustment of the length of that portion of the projectile which extends from the end of the case, it is possible to select the distance by which the projectile extends into the bore of the weapon. The degree of this adjustment, however, is limited to that amount which will not cause the overall length of the cartridge to be unacceptably outside the SAMI specifications for the cartridge when used in a semi-automatic or automatic weapon.
  • subsonic ammunition which comprises the "standard" case and projectile for a given weapon, e.g. a rifle, and to merely reduce the quantity of powder used to propel the projectile, to that volume of powder which provides only sufficient energy to propel the projectile at a subsonic muzzle velocity.
  • the round of ammunition thus produced is like a standard round of ammunition for its intended weapon, but it is only about 50% or less filled with powder, leaving a substantial portion of the interior volume of the case void of powder.
  • This type of subsonic ammunition is commonly fired as a "single shot” round and is not capable of producing the energy required to operate the bolt of a semi-automatic or automatic weapon.
  • a further major problem with this prior practice for the manufacture of subsonic ammunition relates to the reduced volume of powder within the case of the cartridge and the void volume within the case. Specifically, when the weapon is pointed (aimed) at a downward angle, relative to the horizontal, the powder within the case moves toward the leading end of the case and adjacent to that end of the projectile which is inserted into the case. This serves to form an air gap between the primer and the powder so that when the primer is struck by the firing pin, there is a finite time before the flame from the primer reaches and ignites the powder within the leading end of the case, and a finite time elapsing before the burning powder generates sufficient gases to propel the projectile from the weapon.
  • a round of ammunition for a small-bore weapon wherein the projectile of the round exits the muzzle of the weapon barrel at a subsonic velocity and which continues its flight path to a target at less than a sonic velocity without generating identifiable sound associated with the flight of the projectile through air. Additionally, the ammunition provides the energy required to operate the bolt of a weapon fired in the semi-automatic or automatic mode.
  • the present inventor has discovered that by means of a unique projectile combined with a powder of selected burn rate, in a standard case, there can be attained the objectives of subsonic velocity of the projectile, development of the energy required to operate the bolt of a weapon fired in the semi-automatic or automatic mode and elimination of substantially all sound generated by projectile during its free flight through air.
  • the novel projectile of the present invention comprises a core formed from a mixture of a heavy metal powder and a light metal powder by cold-compacting a quantity of the mixture in a die at a high pressure.
  • the powder mixture is initially compacted into a solid straight cylindrical core precursor. Thereafter, the precursor is die formed at high pressure into a core which is of substantially the desired final geometry of the projectile, but which is of a diameter less than the desired caliber diameter of the projectile.
  • This core is thereafter plated over substantially its entire outer surface with a light metal which exhibits lubricity properties between the projectile and a gun barrel.
  • the plating thickness is sufficient to produce an external diameter of the projectile that is substantially equal to, but not materially less than, the intended caliber diameter of the projectile.
  • the plated core is restruck in a die which is precisely dimensioned to produce a projectile having the desired caliber diameter and geometry.
  • the pressure employed is high, e.g., greater than about 40,000 psi and preferably about 50,000 psi. Under a pressure of this magnitude, at least portions of the powder- based precursor or core (either plated or prior to plating) will yield and be made to conform to the cavity of the die in which the pressing is carried out.
  • such high pressure following initial deformation of the powder-base precursor or core within the die, further serves to redensify the precursor or core to a density greater than the density of lead.
  • the projectile of the present invention is maximized in weight for a given length of a projectile for a given caliber weapon.
  • This action preferably takes the form of forming the projectile from high-density metal powders as noted hereinabove, maximizing the length of the projectile, consistent with intended caliber of the projectile and the twist of the lands in the barrel of the weapon for which the ammunition is intended, and minimizing any variation in the density of the projectile in any given plane normal to the length of the projectile and in a direction radially outward from the longitudinal centerline (spin axis) of the projectile.
  • the projectile When this unique projectile is inserted in the open end of a standard case for a weapon of the intended caliber, the projectile occupies a substantial portion of the internal volume of the case, thereby diminishing that portion of the internal volume of the case which is available to receive gun powder, thereby permitting the case to be filled to a higher percentage of its void volume. Further, the inventor has found that use of a gun powder of medium burn rate provides gas generation at a rate and of a volume which, in combination with the heavy projectile, propels the projectile at a subsonic velocity while generating the energy needed to operate the bolt of a weapon fired in the semi-- automatic or automatic mode.
  • the projectile by maximizing the length of the projectile, consistent with the twist of the lands within the barrel of the weapon from which the projectile is intended to be fire and in combination with establishment of the center of gravity of the projectile coincident with its spin axis, the projectile generates substantially no audible sound during its free flight to a target.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a projectile embodying various of the features of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a geometrically shaped core element embodying various of the features of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a side view, in section, of the projectile of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a representation of a cartridge embodying various of the features of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for producing a projectile embodying various of the features of the present invention.
  • a "heavy" projectile is defined as a projectile having a density greater than lead, e.g. about 12 or more g/cc, and a total weight of at least about 134 grains, for a 5.56 mm cartridge, or a proportional weight projectile for a different size cartridge, such as a projectile of 250 grains for a .308 caliber cartridge and of a density greater than lead.
  • a preferred powder exhibits a medium burning rate.
  • a "medium burning" gun powder is a gun powder that has a burn rate substantially equal to the burn rate of Hodgdon 380 gun powder.
  • Each of the elements of the present invention is selected in combination with the other elements to obtain consistency of subsonic velocity from round to round of the ammunition and provide the energy required for operating the bolt of a semi-automatic or automatic weapon without the projectile exceeding subsonic velocity, while also substantially eliminating any sound generation associated with the free flight of the projectile through air.
  • the projectile 14 of the present invention includes a core 18 which is metal powder- based, meaning that the core is made up of a blended mixture of metal powders and having a longitudinal centerline 22.
  • the preferred metal powders are tungsten powder and lead powder.
  • the percentage of tungsten powder may range from about 40% to about 75%, and preferably 60%, by weight, with the remainder of the mixture being lead.
  • the density of the core be maximized, consistent with the ability to manufacture the core from the powder mixture. Mixtures of these powders within the stated ranges provide a core having a density materially greater than lead, e.g. about 13-14 (g/cm 3 ) .
  • the preferred tungsten powder exhibits a particle size of about -10 and +70 mesh and is the C and M series available from Osram Sylvania of Morristown, NJ.
  • One suitable lead powder is that provided by Atlantic Engineers of Bergenfield, NJ, having a mesh of about 325.
  • the tungsten powder represents between about 40 and 75% by weight, of the mixture, preferably 60%, by weight, with the remaining weight of the mixture being lead powder.
  • Other powder mixtures may be employed but at the possible expense of attaining less than maximization of the density of the projectile.
  • a third, or more, powder (s) may be included in the mixture for various purposes such as increasing or decreasing the hardness or frangibility of the projectile.
  • the powders of the mixture are blended in a conventional "V blender until thoroughly mixed.
  • a portion of the blended powders is introduced into the cavity of a die having a cylindrical die cavity.
  • the mixture of powders is cold-compacted at a pressure of at least about 40,000 psi and preferably at a pressure of about 50,000 psi. Under these pressing conditions, the powder mixture is densified and formed into a hard, self-supporting, solid straight cylinder.
  • a quantity of the blended powders is introduced into a die having a straight cylindrical die cavity.
  • the powder mixture is formed by compaction of the mixture of powders at ambient temperature, termed "cold-compaction" herein, into a core precursor 16.
  • a pressure of at least about 40,000 psi and preferably about 50,000 psi is employed.
  • the temperature at which compaction is effected may range below or above room temperature, but preferably does not exceed the melting point of lead. Within this range of temperatures, the lead is sufficiently ductile as permits it to be squeezed between the tungsten powder particulates and serve as a binder that holds the tungsten particulates together in a predetermined geometrically shaped core precursor.
  • the powder mixture is densified and formed into a hard, self-supporting solid straight cylinder, in one embodiment.
  • the core precursor formed in this initial die-forming operation has a density in excess of the density of lead and is very hard.
  • tungsten powder particulates are very hard and very abrasive. Tungsten particulates are difficult to bond into a self-supporting body. Bare tungsten projectiles will very quickly destroy a gun barrel due to abrasion of the bore of the barrel by the projectile which is propelled through the bore of the weapon. These properties of the tungsten powder also cause it to be difficult to die-form.
  • High forming pressures e.g. 50,000 psi, have been found to be necessary for forming tungsten/lead powder particulates into a body that will be sufficiently dense and have uniform density as discussed herein.
  • the core precursor 16 is die-formed into a core 18 (see Figure 2) which is of the desired general geometry desired for the final projectile, but which is undersized, at least in diameter (caliber) , relative to the desired final diametral dimension (caliber) of the projectile being formed.
  • the extent of undersizing of the core is a function of the desired thickness of the light metal plating 20 to be applied to the core.
  • the extent of undersizing, hence the thickness of the plating is chosen to provide a plate that has a thickness which is slightly greater than the height of the lands in the rifled barrel of the weapon from which the projectile is intended to be fired.
  • a suitable plate thickness would be about 0.025 inch thick to ensure that the lands of the weapon would not be contacted by the metal powder-based core of the projectile.
  • the pressure employed during this die-forming operation is sufficient to disrupt and/or destroy bonds between the powder particles of the core precursor such that the precursor is caused to conform to the cavity of the die in which the precursor is pressed to form the core.
  • Pressure of at least about 40,000 psi, and preferably about 50,000 psi, is employed in this die-forming operation.
  • the pressure is sufficient to cause reestablishment of at least a portion of the bonding between the powder particles of the newly formed core as will permit the mechanical handling of the core during further manufacturing operations, e.g., electro or chemical plating of a soft metal plate onto the external outer surface of the undersized core.
  • the die-formed undersized core 18 is plated on its exterior surface with a layer (i.e. plate) 20 of a relatively soft metal.
  • a layer (i.e. plate) 20 of a relatively soft metal Copper is a preferred metal for plating onto the core.
  • the copper plating solution employed is free of cyanide inasmuch as the inventor has found that the somewhat porous core retains in its pores a portion of the plating solution, and this solution tends to leach out of the core over time and react with the copper plate to produce unacceptable discoloration of the copper plate.
  • Plating of a soft metal onto a metal core is well known in the art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,975, for example).
  • the cores are cleaned and thereafter plated employing a conventional plating method which preferably does not include cyanide in the plating solution.
  • the various plating conditions such as temperature, time, etc. are selected to lay down a layer of soft metal plate that uniformly plates the exterior surfaces of the core with a soft metal plate of the desired thickness.
  • the plated core is restruck in a still further die.
  • This latter die is internally sized to the precise dimensions desired for the final form and caliber of the projectile.
  • Employing pressures of about 50,000 psi, this restriking of the plated core functions to precisely size the plated core into the desired projectile, including any needed adjustment to the geometry, especially the outer diameter of the projectile.
  • a result of this resizing is some crushing of the powder-based core.
  • a projectile fired from the weapon will be spinning about its longitudinal centerline at a rate which is a function of the twist of the lands inside the bore of the weapon barrel.
  • a M-16 military rifle employs a one-in-seven twist, meaning that each land completes a full turn within each seven inches of barrel length.
  • a projectile fired from this weapon at a velocity of 1050 fps will be spinning at a rate of 108,000 rpm. At this rate of spin, any deviation of the center of gravity of the projectile from its longitudinal centerline (i.e.
  • the overall density of the projectile is important in maximizing the weight of the projectile, but also of importance is the attainment of maximum uniformity of density of the projectile in a direction radially outward from the longitudinal centerline of the projectile, taken in any given plane normal to the longitudinal centerline of the projectile.
  • the absolute density of the projectile of the present invention may vary from plane-to-plane, but radially about the longitudinal centerline of the projectile, its density is substantially uniform in any given plane.
  • each projectile maybe nonuniform from end-to-end of the projectile, in any given plane of the projectile taken normal to the longitudinal centerline of the projectile, the density of the projectile is uniform in a direction radially outward from the longitudinal centerline of the projectile. That is, within a given plane the density is uniform about the spin axis of the projectile.
  • This aspect of each projectile is important in establishing the center of gravity of the projectile substantially coincident with the longitudinal centerline of the projectile, (i.e., with the spin axis of the projectile) and thereby reducing the likelihood of the projectile exhibiting yaw during its free flight to a target.
  • the applied plate in the process of applying a plate onto the core, it is important that the applied plate be uniform in thickness so as to not cause the center of gravity of the projectile to be unacceptably shifted away from the spin axis of the projectile.
  • the compressive force applied in the die- pressing of the powder mixture into a core precursor, in the die-pressing of the core precursor into a core, and in the restriking of the plated core in a die is aligned with and parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the precursor or core or plated core.
  • the high pressure employed in forcing the object to conform to the internal dimensions of the die tends to reconstitute a substantial portion of any bonding between adjacent powder particles which is disrupted in the course of deformation of the object as it is caused to conform to the die interior.
  • These factors are further believed to significantly contribute to the observed absence of sound generation by the projectile during its free flight to a target by reason of the attained degree of coincidence of the center of gravity and the longitudinal centerline of the projectile of the present invention.
  • Cartridges for a 5.56 mm weapon operating in the semiautomatic mode were fabricated and fired to test the velocity of the projectile from each cartridge and the ability of the cartridges to develop sufficient energy to consistently operate the bolt of the weapon. In the manufacture of these cartridges, there was chosen a standard case of brass metal.
  • Cartridges containing 134 grain projectiles and made up using H 380 powder were fired from the M-16 weapon having a suppressor attached to the muzzle of the barrel thereof.
  • the projectiles from these cartridges also consistently were subsonic in velocity and exhibited an acceptable standard deviation.
  • the cartridges further successfully operated the bolt of the weapon.
  • the total sound emanating from the firing of the weapon was almost nonexistent. No audibly detectable sound was generated by the flight of these projectiles through the air.
  • the projectile may be made to be readily frangible upon impact with a solid or semi-solid target.
  • a solid or semi-solid target there may be incorporated into the mixture of tungsten and lead powders, up to about 0.10%, by weight of a micronized polyolefin wax such as ACumist 12 available from Allied Signal, Inc., of Morristown, NJ.
  • This powder has a mesh of -250 + 400 and is also identified as a fine particle size oxidized polyethylene homopolymer. This powder has been found to inhibit bonding of the metal powder particles to one another and therefore, in the noted small quantities, does not materially adversely affect the formability or acceptable strength properties of a solid cylinder that is die-formed in the manner set forth hereinabove.
  • a micronized polyolefin wax and metal powders mixture when formed into a projectile core plated with a light metal provides a projectile which performs in all material respects like a projectile formed from the metal powders without the wax powder, except with respect to the frangibility of the projectile when it strikes a target.
  • the degree of frangibility of the projectile is a function of the quantity of micronized polyolefin wax employed, but should not exceed about 0.10%, by weight, in order to obtain a sufficiently strong, self-supporting cylinder.
  • Firing tests of the present projectile to a solid target produced little more than a dark spot on the target. No fragments of the plate larger than approximately the same order of size as the individual tungsten powder particles were noted, but rather the plate disintegrated into substantially nonvisually-identifiable particulates. Ricochet of the projectile, or of fragments thereof, is essentially eliminated. In crush tests performed on restruck projectiles of the present invention over a range of pressure values showed that the projectiles of the present invention collapsed at compressive pressures as low as about 200 psi, thereby indicating the relative frangibility of these projectiles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un projectile (18) servant de munition pour une arme de petit calibre, fonctionnant selon un mode semi-automatique ou automatique, qui permet un tir subsonique ne produisant pas de son audible au cours de la trajectoire libre du projectile dans l'air. Le projectile, dans un mode de réalisation, comporte un noyau (14) à base de poudre de tungstène/plomb présentant un léger placage (20) métallique appliqué sur sa surface extérieure. Une cartouche de munition (24) incorporant le projectile (18) est décrite, laquelle produit une vitesse subsonique du projectile au cours de sa trajectoire, et suffisamment d'énergie pour actionner immanquablement le mécanisme de culasse de l'arme. Un procédé de fabrication du projectile est également décrit.
EP98922015A 1997-03-14 1998-03-16 Projectile plaque servant de munition subsonique Withdrawn EP0970329A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/815,003 US5822904A (en) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Subsuoic ammunition
US815003 1997-03-14
US88827097A 1997-07-03 1997-07-03
US888270 1997-07-03
PCT/US1998/004998 WO1998040675A1 (fr) 1997-03-14 1998-03-16 Projectile plaque servant de munition subsonique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0970329A1 true EP0970329A1 (fr) 2000-01-12
EP0970329A4 EP0970329A4 (fr) 2000-09-27

Family

ID=27123912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98922015A Withdrawn EP0970329A4 (fr) 1997-03-14 1998-03-16 Projectile plaque servant de munition subsonique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0970329A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA2283839A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998040675A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6457417B1 (en) * 1997-04-16 2002-10-01 Doris Nebel Beal Inter Vivos Patent Trust Method for the manufacture of a frangible nonsintered powder-based projectile for use in gun ammunition and product obtained thereby

Citations (1)

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DE3131265C1 (de) * 1981-08-07 1983-04-07 Heckler & Koch Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf Schallgedaempfte Handfeuerwaffe

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DE2617985C3 (de) 1976-04-24 1979-02-22 Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck Atemluftanfeuchter für Beatmungsvorrichtungen
US4146598A (en) 1976-08-09 1979-03-27 The Dow Chemical Company Process for preparing suspension chlorinated crosslinked polyethylene foam
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DE3131265C1 (de) * 1981-08-07 1983-04-07 Heckler & Koch Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf Schallgedaempfte Handfeuerwaffe

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See also references of WO9840675A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2283839A1 (fr) 1998-09-17
EP0970329A4 (fr) 2000-09-27
WO1998040675A1 (fr) 1998-09-17

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