WO2021045519A1 - 하이브리드 차량 및 마이크로 그리드의 배터리 유닛의 제어 및 방법 - Google Patents
하이브리드 차량 및 마이크로 그리드의 배터리 유닛의 제어 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021045519A1 WO2021045519A1 PCT/KR2020/011829 KR2020011829W WO2021045519A1 WO 2021045519 A1 WO2021045519 A1 WO 2021045519A1 KR 2020011829 W KR2020011829 W KR 2020011829W WO 2021045519 A1 WO2021045519 A1 WO 2021045519A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present specification relates to various control units and control methods for controlling a battery unit of a hybrid vehicle using energy of a rechargeable battery as driving energy.
- the present specification relates to various control units and control methods in charge of controlling a battery unit that stores energy generated by various energy sources of the microgrid.
- various control units of the present specification increase or decrease the temperature of the battery unit using various heating units, cooling units, etc., and discharge (or charge) the battery unit, thereby discharging at a low or high temperature outside the appropriate temperature range (
- various battery units and control units capable of minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit due to charging) are illustrated.
- the control unit prevents irreversible damage to the battery unit by discharging or charging at a low or high temperature outside the appropriate temperature range. Alternatively, it may be minimized, and thus the loss of capacity of the battery unit may be minimized. Accordingly, according to the various control units and control methods of the present specification, the user can extend the life of the battery unit of the vehicle or the microgrid, and extend the replacement time of the expensive battery unit.
- the present specification relates to various battery units in which some batteries are mounted to facilitate removal or replacement, and various methods of using and controlling the same.
- a number of batteries are separated into separate batteries (or separation packs) that can be easily separated mechanically and electrically, and fixed batteries (or fixed packs) that are relatively difficult to separate, and then installed in the battery unit, and the appropriate temperature range Discharge or charge at a low or high temperature outside may be selectively dedicated to a separate battery (or separation pack).
- the control unit causes only the detachable battery or the detachable pack to suffer the irreversible damage, whereas the damage to the fixed battery or the fixed pack can be minimized.
- a number of fixed batteries or fixed packs can be replaced with only a few detachable batteries or detachable packs, leaving a number of fixed batteries or packs in the battery unit. You can save.
- Hybrid vehicles using an electric motor and an internal combustion engine have also been developed.
- Hybrid vehicles using an internal combustion engine type engine and a rechargeable battery are classified into parallel and serial hybrid vehicles.
- a parallel hybrid vehicle may drive a vehicle by using an engine or a battery or both.
- a tandem hybrid vehicle drives the vehicle with only a battery, and the internal combustion engine operates to charge the battery.
- a rechargeable battery is a key component of a hybrid vehicle.
- high-performance rechargeable batteries are constantly being developed, but their prices are still high.
- lithium-ion batteries used today are high performance and can provide enough energy to drive hybrid vehicles, but the price of lithium-ion battery packs may account for half or more of the price of hybrid vehicles. Therefore, when electric vehicles as well as hybrid vehicles are popularized, the price of the battery, the durability of the battery, and the replacement period and replacement price due to damage to the battery are inevitably important variables.
- Most batteries have a suitable discharge (or charge) temperature range that only affects (minimal) battery performance when discharging or charging. Therefore, if the battery is discharged or charged at a low or high temperature outside the appropriate temperature range, or if the battery temperature goes out of the appropriate temperature range due to long-term driving, the battery is irreversibly damaged due to discharging (or charging) of the hybrid vehicle. Can wear. As a result, the amount of energy the battery can charge gradually decreases (i.e. capacity loss), and replacement of a damaged battery can be enormously expensive.
- the user can start the vehicle after heating or cooling the battery unit so that the temperature of the battery unit of the vehicle falls within an appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range.
- discharging or charging
- users of series or even parallel hybrid vehicles need a control unit that can heat or cool the battery unit so that the temperature of the battery unit falls within the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range as quickly and efficiently as possible.
- the user may drive the vehicle at a low or high temperature outside the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range, and a hybrid vehicle that minimizes irreversible damage to the unit even if the battery unit is discharged (or charged). want.
- the user even if the user replaces the battery in which irreversible damage has accumulated, the user needs a hybrid vehicle that can minimize the cost and extend the replacement time.
- “Microgrid” generally means a small standalone power grid in which a small area, multi-building group, or single building can be self-sufficient with electrical energy.
- a microgrid is an electric energy generated using various energy sources such as a solar power generation device, a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a geothermal power generation device, and a tidal power generation device installed in a specific area, a group of buildings, or a single building. It includes a battery unit capable of storing. Therefore, the battery unit can be regarded as a key element of the micro grid.
- the battery unit of the micro grid also contains a number of rechargeable batteries.
- High-performance rechargeable batteries are constantly being developed, but their prices are still high.
- lithium-ion batteries which are widely used these days, have high performance and can supply sufficient electric energy to the power grid of the microgrid, but the price of lithium-ion batteries is not negligible. Therefore, when constructing a microgrid, the price of the battery, durability of the battery, replacement period and replacement price due to damage to the battery are inevitably important variables.
- a user who is self-sufficient in energy with a microgrid wants a battery unit that can quickly discharge the battery unit as soon as the switch is turned on.
- the user turns on the switch, if the temperature of the battery unit is low or high outside the proper discharge temperature range, the user wishes that the batteries included in the unit suffer as little irreversible damage as possible, even if the battery unit starts discharging quickly. Therefore, it is hoped that the period in which the damaged battery needs to be replaced in the future will be extended, and as a result, the battery replacement cost is also hoped to be reduced.
- the generators are basically a conventional engine that converts thermal energy generated by burning fossil fuels into mechanical energy, and a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Included.
- the disadvantage of such conventional generators is that the engine must continue to run as long as the user uses electrical energy.
- a rechargeable battery ie, a secondary battery
- the above-described problem of the internal combustion engine can be solved. Therefore, in recent years, as well as electric vehicles using batteries, microgrid technology that stores and utilizes electric energy in batteries has been developed.
- a rechargeable battery ie, a secondary battery
- a discharge (or charging) temperature range depending on the type. Therefore, if the battery is discharged (or charged) at a low or high temperature lower than the above temperature range, the battery may irreversibly damage the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the electrolyte, or other parts.
- the capacity of the battery is severely reduced, which leads to a loss of battery capacity.
- smooth discharging (or charging) of the battery included in the battery unit may be difficult.
- the damaged battery may be abnormally heated during discharging (or charging) or may affect discharging (or charging) of the entire battery unit. As a result, the user may have to pay an enormous cost and have to replace the entire battery unit.
- the above problem can be easily solved by heating or cooling the battery unit to increase or decrease the temperature of the battery unit to within an appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range, and then starting discharging (or charging) of the battery unit.
- the user even at a low or high temperature in which the temperature of the battery unit does not fall within the proper discharge range, the user often has to drive the vehicle as quickly as possible, and accordingly, the battery unit is bound to be irreversibly damaged.
- the present specification relates to various control units in charge of controlling a battery unit of a series hybrid vehicle using electricity discharged by a rechargeable battery as driving energy, and various control methods using the control unit.
- the present specification relates to various control units and control methods in charge of controlling a battery unit that stores energy generated by various energy sources of the microgrid.
- the control unit heats or cools the battery unit using various heating units or various cooling units so that the unit may discharge (or charge) within an appropriate discharge (or charge) temperature range. Accordingly, the control unit may prevent or minimize irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- the present specification is intended to limit irreversible damage caused by discharging (or charging) to only a part of the battery unit, even if the battery is discharged (or charged) at a low or high temperature outside the proper discharging (or charging) temperature range. It relates to a possible battery unit, a method of driving and controlling the unit, and the like.
- the control unit separates and controls the battery unit into a separate battery (or separation pack) and a fixed battery (or fixed pack), thereby preventing irreversible damage to the battery unit when discharging (or charging) at low or high temperatures.
- the battery unit manufacturer or user can manipulate the number or type of separate and fixed batteries, or the number or types of batteries included in the separation pack and fixed pack, and accordingly, the replacement timing or replacement cost of the separation pack can be appropriately adjusted. have.
- the present specification is divided into a plurality of sets or a plurality of packs of batteries included in a battery unit of a series hybrid vehicle or a micro grid, and then by sequentially or simultaneously discharging (or charging) each battery set or pack, the battery
- Various structures of battery units that control irreversible damage to batteries included in a set or pack various control units in charge of controlling discharge (or charging) of the battery set or battery pack, and using the control unit It relates to various control methods.
- the control unit controls the discharge (or charge) timing, discharge (or charge) rate, or amount of discharge (or charge) of each battery set or battery pack, thereby controlling the degree of irreversible damage to each battery set or each battery pack. Can be controlled.
- Various hybrid vehicles or microgrids herein may include one or more heating units or cooling units mounted at various locations.
- the heating (or cooling) unit may be mounted on the entire battery unit, all or part of a plurality of batteries included in the unit, or all or part of a plurality of battery packs included in the battery unit.
- the heating (or cooling) unit may increase heating (or cooling) efficiency by being mounted outside or inside the battery unit, outside or inside the battery pack, or outside or inside the battery. Therefore, the control unit increases (or decreases) the temperature of the battery unit using a heating (or cooling) unit, so that all or part of the battery unit does not fall within the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range or the above range, It can be controlled to discharge (or charge) at a temperature close to the range of.
- the present specification relates to various battery units in which some batteries are mounted to facilitate separation and replacement, and various structures and methods for use and control thereof.
- the battery unit includes a separate battery (or separation pack) and a fixed battery (or fixed pack), and by selectively discharging (or charging) the separation battery (or separation pack) at high or low temperatures, a fixed battery (or fixed battery) Pack) can minimize irreversible damage.
- the control unit loses the capacity of the fixed battery (or fixed pack) that occupies a large part or most of the battery unit. Can be minimized. Accordingly, the control unit can extend the life of the fixed pack, and the user can extend the replacement time of the expensive fixed pack as well as minimize the replacement cost of the fixed battery or the fixed pack.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tandem hybrid vehicle according to the first exemplary aspect of the present specification, but a schematic view of the vehicle's wheels, body, etc. is omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a Peltier heat generating element, which is an example of a thermoelectric element.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification, a sequence of operations, and an operational state of various units according to the sequence.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operating states of various units of the hybrid vehicle in a stopped state in which the ignition switch is turned off.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operating states of various units according to the above sequence of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operation states of various units according to the above sequence of the second embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification, the order of operation, and the operation states of various units according to the order.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operation states of various units according to the above sequence of the second embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charge temperature range of a battery unit in which the highest discharge temperature is higher than the highest charge temperature and the lowest discharge temperature is higher than the lowest charge temperature.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charge temperature range of a battery unit in which the maximum discharge temperature is lower than the maximum charge temperature and the minimum discharge temperature is lower than the maximum charge temperature.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charge temperature range of a battery unit in which the maximum discharge temperature is higher than the maximum charge temperature and the minimum charge temperature is also higher than the minimum discharge temperature.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charge temperature range of a battery unit in which the maximum discharge temperature is lower than the maximum charge temperature and the minimum charge temperature is lower than the minimum discharge temperature.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an integrated battery unit in which a plurality of batteries are mounted inside a single case.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of some separate battery units in which a separate battery and a fixed battery are mounted inside a single case.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of some separate battery units in which a fixed battery and a plurality of different sets of separate batteries are mounted inside a single case.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a pack-type battery unit in which a separation pack and a fixed pack are mounted inside a single case.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a pack-type battery unit including a separation pack mounted inside a separation case and a fixed pack mounted inside the fixed case.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of various control methods of a pack type battery unit.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the control of a battery unit including a separation pack that allows the vehicle to run at a maximum speed of 1/4 speed during maximum discharge and a fixed pack that allows the vehicle to travel at maximum speed during maximum discharge. .
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a case where the separation pack of [Fig. 19] is connected to the fixed pack in series.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of generalized electrical connection structures, control functions, and the like of a control unit of various exemplary aspects, embodiments and detailed examples of the present specification.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a case where the separation pack and the fixed pack of the battery unit of [Fig. 21] are damaged to a certain degree.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the control of a battery unit in which the separation pack has a capacity of 25% of the driving energy required for the maximum driving speed, and the fixed pack has a capacity of 75% of the maximum driving speed.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure and control of a battery unit including two separate packs of [Fig. 19] and a fixed pack capable of driving a vehicle at a maximum speed during maximum discharge.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure and control of a battery unit when two separation packs of [Fig. 24] are connected in series.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure and control of a battery unit when two separation packs of [Fig. 24] are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a case where the separation pack and the fixed pack of the battery unit of [Fig. 26] are damaged to a certain degree.
- FIG. 28 shows a battery unit including a separation pack that allows the vehicle to run at a maximum speed of 1/4 of the maximum speed when discharged and a fixed pack that allows the vehicle to travel at the maximum speed when the vehicle is discharged at maximum power generation unit of the vehicle. It is a schematic diagram of a structure for supplying energy together with a motor unit and its control.
- FIG. 29 includes the same battery unit as [Fig. 28], but the power generation unit has a maximum power generation capacity capable of generating energy capable of driving 37.5% (ie, 3/8) of the maximum speed of the vehicle. to be.
- FIG. 30 includes the same battery units as [Fig. 28] and [Fig. 29], but the power generation unit has a power generation capacity greater than that of each of the separation pack and the fixed pack.
- FIG. 31 is an example of charging and controlling the battery unit of a driving vehicle using power generation units of various capacities.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a microgrid according to the tenth exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the eleventh exemplary aspect of the present specification, the order of operation, and the operation states of various units according to the order.
- FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram showing the operating states of various units of the microgrid in a state in which the discharge switch is turned off.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the twelfth exemplary aspect of the present specification, a sequence of operations, and an operational state of various units according to the sequence.
- FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the structure, order of operation, and operation states of various units according to the order of the second embodiment of the twelfth exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the thirteenth exemplary aspect of the present specification, the order of operation, and the operation states of various units according to the order.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the structure, order of operation, and operation states of various units according to the order of the second embodiment of the thirteenth exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- hybrid vehicle or “vehicle” means a movable vehicle including a drive unit that can be driven by a motor unit.
- vehicle includes a battery unit including one or more rechargeable batteries.
- the “vehicle” may carry users, passengers or cargo.
- the “vehicle” may include two or more wheels, and may include a track or rail in place of or with the wheels.
- the drive unit may include a rotation shaft capable of rotating a wheel or driving the rail.
- the "hybrid vehicle” of the present specification may include a motorcycle including a motor unit and a battery unit (eg, two or more wheels), a passenger car (eg, three or more wheels), a freight vehicle (eg, three or more wheels), and the like.
- the "vehicle” has a different shape from a motorcycle, a passenger car, a freight car, etc., but includes a motor unit and a battery unit, and may mean other vehicles or transportation means capable of moving.
- recreational vehicles such as snowmobiles, and construction vehicles such as bulldozers and cranes belong to the other vehicles.
- hybrid vehicle of the present specification may include a land vehicle including a motor unit and a battery unit, as well as an air or sea transportation means capable of air or sea movement.
- air or sea can transport users, passengers, as well as cargo.
- Aerial "hybrid vehicle” of the present specification is a drone (including one or more propellers for example), a helicopter (including two or more propellers for example) including a motor unit and a battery unit, as well as 1 that the battery unit can be driven.
- a helicopter including two or more propellers for example
- the marine “hybrid vehicle” of the present specification may include a motor surf, a motor boat, a yacht, other ships, as well as a submarine.
- micro grid refers to a grid in which one or more energy sources and one or more electric devices are electrically connected through one or more electric networks.
- the "micro grid” of the present specification connects various electric devices such as a small area, a group of buildings (ie, a plurality of buildings), a single building, and one or more energy sources through a power grid.
- the power grid may be wired or wireless.
- the microgrid refers to a "single building" in which one or more energy sources and one or more electric devices are connected by one or more power grids.
- the description below may be applied equally or similarly to a group of buildings or to a microgrid in which various electric devices outside a building are connected through the power grid.
- energy source refers to various energy sources that are connected to the power grid and capable of supplying electric energy to electric devices of the microgrid. Examples of such energy sources include solar power generation devices, solar power generation devices, wind power generation devices, geothermal power generation devices, and tidal power generation devices.
- the energy source may include an existing hydroelectric power generation device or thermal power generation device, or an existing fuel cell.
- the energy source may include one or more conventional engines that convert thermal energy generated by burning fossil fuels into mechanical energy.
- the energy source refers to an “engine unit” including one or more of the above-described conventional engines.
- the description below may be applied equally or similarly to a microgrid in which an energy source including at least one of the various power generation devices or fuel cells in the above sentence is connected to various electric devices through a power grid.
- the "electrical device” of the present specification is connected to the microgrid through the power grid, and collectively refers to various electrical devices that are driven by receiving electrical energy from the energy source.
- Examples of the electric equipment are household electric equipment, commercial electric equipment, industrial electric equipment, computers, communication equipment, sound equipment, video equipment, and the like. Accordingly, the electric device refers to a small area included in the microgrid, a large number of buildings or groups of buildings, all electrical devices included in a single building, as well as an electrical device that can be connected to the building.
- electric devices are collectively referred to as electric devices that are included in a single building or can be connected to the building.
- the description below may be applied equally or similarly to a microgrid in which an energy source including at least one of the various power generation devices or fuel cells is connected to an electric device of a specific area or building group through a power grid.
- electrical load refers to electric energy or power used by driving the above-described electric devices.
- electrical load refers to the electrical energy or power required to drive electrical equipment in a specific area, electrical energy or power required to drive electrical equipment in multiple buildings, or electricity required to drive electrical equipment in a single building. It means energy or power.
- maximum electric load or “maximum load” means the maximum value of the electric load. That is, the “maximum electric load” may be a maximum value of an electric load in a specific area, a maximum value of an electric load of a plurality of buildings, and a maximum value of an electric load of a single building.
- maximum electrical load or “maximum load” can be determined taking into account various variables.
- the maximum electric load refers to a maximum value of electric energy or power required to drive an electric device that is included in a single building or can be connected to the building. It should be noted that the maximum electrical load does not necessarily mean the electrical load when all electrical equipment contained in a single building is driven. This is because the user does not turn on the heater and air conditioner of a specific building at the same time.
- maximum electric load refers to the maximum electric load that can be transmitted without damage to the power grid installed in the building, the maximum value of the electric load used by the user of the building for one year or during a specific period, electric equipment installed in the building, or It may be an average electric load or an expected electric load based on the number of users residing in the building.
- the maximum electrical load of a particular building may be different according to different definitions.
- the "maximum electric load” of a specific building in the present specification refers to the maximum value of the electric load used by the user of the building during the year.
- a “battery unit” refers to a unit including one or more batteries capable of being discharged and charged.
- the battery unit may include various conventional secondary battery batteries capable of discharging and (re)charging, and examples of the battery include a nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery, a nickel-metal-hydride battery.
- NiCd nickel-cadmium
- NiCd nickel-metal-hydride battery
- NiMH battery dissolved-salt (molten salt such as Zebra) battery, lead acid battery, lithium-ion battery, thin-film lithium battery, lithium-ion -Polymer (Lithium-ion-polymer) battery, Lithium-Sulphur battery, Vanadium redox battery, Silver-Zinc battery, Sodium ion battery, Sodium -Sodium-Sulphur batteries, zinc-bromide batteries, zinc-cerium batteries, quantum batteries or oxide semiconductor batteries.
- the “battery unit” may include one or more tertiary battery batteries.
- battery refers to the secondary battery of the sentence above and all other batteries capable of discharging and charging.
- lithium battery in the present specification mainly refers to a lithium-ion battery, but unless otherwise specified, the above sentence lithium-ion battery, thin-film lithium battery, lithium-ion-polymer battery, lithium-sulfur battery, etc. Among existing batteries, it may refer to a battery containing lithium.
- a single “battery unit” may include one or more secondary batteries of the same type or two or more different types of secondary batteries.
- the “battery unit” may mix lead batteries and lithium batteries.
- the “battery unit” may be manufactured using only a plurality of lithium-ion batteries of the same or different sizes or shapes, and at this time, the capacity, performance, etc. of the batteries may be the same or different.
- the batteries may be connected in series, parallel or a mixture thereof in a single or multiple electrical circuits.
- the battery unit of the present specification may include a case in which one or more covers are installed or may be manufactured as a plurality of packs.
- the battery unit includes a plurality of batteries, but may include one or more batteries (ie, separate batteries) that can be easily separated mechanically or electrically from the unit. Therefore, the user does not need to break the case of the “battery unit”, does not mechanically or electrically disconnect some or all of the remaining batteries (ie, fixed batteries) from the unit, or the remaining batteries of the “battery unit” (ie, fixed batteries)
- One or more specific batteries i.e., separate batteries
- the “battery unit” includes a plurality of battery packs each including one or more batteries, the packs may be connected in series, parallel, or a mixture thereof in a single or multiple electric circuits.
- the “battery unit” of the above structure may also include one or more battery packs (ie, separation packs) that can be easily separated electrically or mechanically.
- the user can easily mechanically or electrically disconnect one or more specific battery packs (i.e., separation packs) from the "battery unit" without having to mechanically or electrically separate the remaining battery packs (i.e. fixed packs) from the "battery unit".
- one or more specific battery packs i.e., separation packs
- the remaining battery packs i.e. fixed packs
- I can.
- the separating battery or separating pack can be relatively easily mechanically or electrically disconnected from the battery unit (ie, compared to the stationary battery or stationary pack).
- the expression that a specific battery can be easily separated mechanically or electrically from the battery unit is a relative expression. That is, in the case of battery R (replaceable) (or battery pack R) and battery S (stationary) (or battery pack S), the user must perform a total of three mechanical (or electrical) operations to remove the battery R from the battery unit. On the other hand, if the user needs to perform a total of 5 mechanical (or electrical) operations to separate the battery S from the battery unit, the battery R is regarded as a detachable battery that can be removed relatively easily compared to the battery S, whereas the battery S can be considered as a stationary battery.
- the expression that a specific battery can be easily separated mechanically or electrically from the battery unit may be an expression based on the relative magnitude of the force required for the separation.
- the user must perform the same number of mechanical (or electrical) manipulations to separate the battery R and the battery S from the battery unit, but the user can disconnect the battery R from the unit with a force of 10N, whereas the 25N
- the battery R can be regarded as a detachable battery that can be relatively easily removed compared to the battery S, and the battery S can be regarded as a fixed battery.
- the “charge rate of the battery unit” (SoC, that is, state of charge) represents the degree that the battery unit is currently charged in percent (%) from the total charge capacity of the battery unit.
- the battery charging rate can be measured in various ways, and as an example, Pop et al. has described various charging rate measurement methods. (See Pop et al., “Battery charge rate measurement” (2005), reference [1] below).
- the battery unit includes one or more batteries or one or more battery packs.
- each battery or battery pack may have the same or different charging rates.
- the "charging rate of a battery unit” herein refers to an average charging rate of a plurality of batteries included in the battery unit or an average charging rate of a plurality of battery packs.
- the "depth of discharge (DoD)" of the battery unit is expressed as a percentage (%) of the amount of energy that can be discharged currently compared to the amount of energy that the unit can discharge to the maximum.
- the battery unit may include one or more batteries or battery packs. Thus, each battery or battery pack can have the same or different discharge depths. Therefore, unless stated to the contrary, “discharge depth of a battery unit” herein refers to an average discharge depth of a plurality of batteries included in the battery unit or an average discharge depth of a plurality of battery packs. In addition, the “discharge depth” is assumed to be the same as the "discharge rate".
- the "temperature of the battery unit” used herein refers to the average temperature of the battery unit.
- T BU the temperature of the battery unit.
- a battery unit may include multiple batteries, multiple battery sets, or multiple battery packs.
- temperature of a battery unit herein refers to one or more separate battery sets and one or more fixed battery sets, including one or more separate batteries and one or more fixed batteries, or one or more separation packs. And the average temperature of the battery unit including at least one fixed pack.
- T BU the temperature of the battery (or battery pack) is indicated as "T B ".
- Battery manufacturers, battery unit manufacturers, hybrid vehicle manufacturers, etc. can measure the charging rate, discharge depth, temperature, etc. of the battery unit using a single sensor or at a specific location.
- the charging rate, the discharging depth or temperature measured at the location using the sensor may be different from the average charging rate, the average discharging depth, and the average temperature of the battery unit.
- the charging rate, discharge depth, temperature, etc. of the battery unit in the present specification are intended to mean measured values.
- the unit charging rate, discharging depth, temperature, etc. are assumed to refer to the average charging rate, average discharging depth, or average temperature of the entire battery unit.
- the battery of the present specification has a "discharge temperature range", and the appropriate discharge temperature range of different types of batteries may be different. However, even for the same type of battery, the appropriate discharge temperature range may be different depending on the negative electrode, positive electrode, electrolyte, and detailed structure used by the battery manufacturer. For convenience of explanation, in the present specification, the highest and lowest temperatures in the appropriate discharge temperature range are expressed as the highest discharge temperature (ie, T D-Max ) and the lowest discharge temperature (ie, T D-Min ), respectively.
- the battery of the present specification has a "appropriate charge temperature range", and the appropriate charging temperature range of different types of batteries may also be different. However, even for the same type of battery, the appropriate charging temperature range may be different depending on the negative electrode, positive electrode, electrolyte, detailed structure, etc. used by the battery manufacturer. For convenience of description, in the present specification, the maximum and minimum temperatures in the appropriate charging temperature range will be expressed as a maximum charging temperature (ie, T C-Max ) and a minimum charging temperature (ie, T C-Min ), respectively.
- T C-Max maximum charging temperature
- T C-Min minimum charging temperature
- the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range of the battery in the present specification is that even if the battery is discharged (or charged) over a certain number of times, the battery has a capacity (i.e., battery capacity) of at least a certain degree (for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, etc.)
- a battery (or battery unit) manufacturer may measure the capacity of each battery (or battery unit) during or after manufacturing the battery (or battery unit). The manufacturer may discharge (or charge) the battery (or battery unit) at different temperatures over a certain number of times and measure the degree of loss of battery capacity. Accordingly, the manufacturer can determine the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range described above.
- the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range for a specific battery is not an invariant constant. Rather, the proper discharging (or charging) temperature range is the battery charging rate at the time of starting discharging (or charging), the current (or voltage) provided by the power generation unit at the time of discharging (or charging), the discharging (or charging) rate, and discharging (or charging). It can be regarded as a characteristic that can be different depending on the number of charge) or loss of battery capacity that can be sustained.
- both ends of the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range for example, T D-Max and T D-Min for proper discharge, or T C-Max and T C-Min for proper charging are not constant constants. Rather, the highest and lowest temperatures are the battery charging rate at the start of discharging (or charging), the current (or voltage) provided by the power generation unit at the time of discharging (or charging), the discharging (or charging) rate, and discharging (or charging). ) It can be regarded as a characteristic that can be different depending on the number of times, or the loss of battery capacity that can be afforded.
- the appropriate discharge and charging temperature range of a conventional lead battery is -20 o C (ie, T D-Min or T C-Min ) to 50 o C (T D-Max or T C-Max ).
- the proper charging temperature range for existing nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal-hydride batteries is 0 o C (T C-Min ) to 45 o C (T C-Max ), which is narrower than that of lead-acid batteries.
- the appropriate discharge temperature range is -20 o C (T D-Min ) to 65 o C (that is, T D-Max ), which is wider than that of a lead battery.
- the proper charging temperature range of the lithium-ion battery is 0 o C (T C-Min ) to 45 o C (T C-Max ), while the appropriate discharge temperature range is -20 o C (that is, T D-Min ) to 60 o C(T D-Max ). (See BU-410, "Low and High Temperature Filling,” reference [2] below).
- the temperature range may differ depending on the manufacturer or the manufacturing method even for the battery type as well as the same type of battery. However, the above range may be used as a reference value for manufacturing various battery units of the present specification and various control units for controlling charging or discharging of the battery units, and establishing a control algorithm of the control unit.
- the battery may suffer various irreversible damage.
- the lithium metal forms a film on the anode, which may lead to enormous battery capacity loss.
- the damage may be accelerated. Therefore, it may be advantageous to charge with a low charging current (or voltage) during low-temperature fast charging, and the damage may be minimized by charging in a temperature range narrower than the appropriate charging temperature range.
- the minimum temperature (T C-Min ) in the proper charging temperature range of the lithium-ion battery may be 10 o C or higher.
- Discharging the battery at a low temperature lower than the above-described proper discharge temperature range may cause various irreversible damage to the battery.
- a battery with relatively severe damage among a plurality of batteries included in the battery unit may develop a negative voltage potential.
- a cell reversal phenomenon may occur in the battery, and a battery in which the reversal phenomenon occurs may short-circuit. Therefore, the battery unit including the battery may cause serious irreversible damage. (See BU-502, "High and Low Temperature Discharge,” reference [3] below).
- the battery may suffer various irreversible damage. For example, when a battery is charged at a high temperature, gas is generated, the battery is deformed, and battery capacity may be lost. In addition, when charging at a high temperature when the battery charging rate is high, the capacity loss of the battery may increase exponentially.
- the battery may be advantageous to charge the battery using a weak charging current (or voltage) at a high temperature, and irreversible damage may be minimized by charging in a temperature range narrower than the appropriate charging temperature.
- the maximum temperature (T C-Max ) of the appropriate charging temperature range of the lithium-ion battery may be 30 o C to 35 o C.
- the battery When the battery is discharged at a high temperature higher than the appropriate charging temperature range, the battery may suffer various irreversible damage. For example, when the battery is discharged at 25 o C to 30 o C or higher, there is a research result that the life of the battery decreases by two times each time the temperature increases by 10 o C. In severe cases, the battery reversal phenomenon and short circuit, etc. Can happen. (See BU-501a, “Discharge Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries," reference [5] below).
- discharging (or charging) the battery unit causes a certain amount of capacity loss.
- the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range is set to a wide range, the battery may suffer relatively severe irreversible damage at temperatures corresponding to both ends of the range.
- the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range is set to be narrow, the battery suffers relatively little irreversible damage even at temperatures corresponding to both ends of the range.
- the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range of a specific battery may be determined in various ranges in consideration of the various variables.
- battery manufacturers, battery unit manufacturers, hybrid vehicle manufacturers, and microgrid manufacturers can determine different suitable discharge (or charging) temperature ranges for the same battery or battery unit.
- the vehicle or microgrid user may also determine an appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range according to his or her driving or driving habits. For example, if the user wants to drive the vehicle or drive the microgrid unconditionally irrespective of the temperature of the battery unit as soon as the user turns on the switch of the vehicle or the microgrid, the user can set the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range wide. Since the temperature range is set to be wide, when the user turns on the switch in the range, the control unit can start discharging the battery unit to start driving the vehicle or the microgrid.
- the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range in the present specification is assumed to be used as a relative concept.
- a suitable charging temperature range for a lithium-ion battery may be 0 o C to 45 o C, and a suitable discharge temperature range may be -20 o C to 60 o C.
- the appropriate charging temperature range for the same lithium-ion battery can be set to 15 o C to 30 o C, and the appropriate discharge temperature range to 10 o C to 30 o C.
- the various control units of the present specification use the battery unit, the heating unit, and the battery in various ways based on the appropriate temperature range.
- the cooling unit and the like can be controlled.
- the control unit may control the driving of the vehicle or the driving of the microgrid based on the appropriate temperature range. That is, in the present specification, the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range of a specific battery, battery pack, or battery unit can be regarded as a relative concept. It shall be decided in consideration.
- the hybrid vehicle of the present specification and the various units of the vehicle have various structural characteristics or method characteristics.
- the description below is an example of the structural characteristics and method characteristics.
- the hybrid vehicle is driven using electricity.
- the vehicle includes (1) a drive unit including one or more drive shafts, (2) a motor unit capable of rotating the drive shaft, (3) a battery unit capable of providing electric energy required for rotation of the drive shaft to the motor unit, (4) A power generation unit capable of providing electrical energy to the battery unit, (5) an engine unit that supplies mechanical energy so that the power generation unit can generate electrical energy, (6) an engine unit that generates mechanical energy by burning fuel, and (7) It may include a control unit capable of controlling the rotation, provision, generation or combustion.
- the battery unit may store electric energy provided by the power generation unit through charging, and may provide the stored electric energy to the motor unit through discharging, and the battery unit includes one or more separate batteries and one or more fixed batteries,
- the detachable battery can be electrically or mechanically separated from the battery unit even when a relatively small force is applied compared to the fixed battery.
- the hybrid vehicle is driven using electricity.
- the vehicle is (1) an engine unit capable of converting thermal energy generated by burning fuel into first mechanical energy, (2) receiving at least a portion of the first mechanical energy from the engine unit, and converting it to first electrical energy.
- a power generation unit capable of, (3) receiving at least a portion of the first electrical energy from the power generation unit, and storing it as second electrical energy through charging, and discharging at least a portion of the stored second electrical energy to a third
- a battery unit capable of discharging as electrical energy
- (4) a motor unit that receives at least a portion of the third electrical energy from the battery unit through discharge and converts it into second mechanical energy
- It includes a drive unit that receives at least part of the mechanical energy and drives the vehicle by using it, and (6) a control unit capable of controlling the conversion, provision, charging, storage, discharge, discharge, or driving.
- the battery unit includes one or more separate batteries and a fixed battery, and the separated battery can be electrically or mechanically separated from the battery unit even when a relatively small force is applied compared to the fixed battery.
- the hybrid vehicle is driven using electricity.
- Vehicles include (1) a motor unit that provides mechanical energy for driving the vehicle, (2) a battery unit that provides the motor unit with electrical energy required to generate mechanical energy, and (3) heat energy generated by burning fuel. It may include a power generation unit that converts into electrical energy, and (4) a control unit that controls the driving, generation, provision, or conversion.
- the battery unit can store electric energy provided by the power generation unit through charging, and can provide the stored electric energy to the motor unit through discharging, and the battery unit includes one or more separate batteries and fixed batteries, and separate batteries Compared to the fixed battery, even if a relatively small force is applied, it may be electrically or mechanically separated from the battery unit.
- Vehicles include (1) an engine unit that converts thermal energy generated by burning fuel into mechanical energy, (2) a power generation unit that converts mechanical energy provided from the engine unit into electrical energy, and (3) electricity provided from the power generation unit.
- a battery unit that stores energy through charging and discharges it through discharging, (4) a motor unit that converts electrical energy provided through discharging into mechanical energy and drives a vehicle using mechanical energy, and (5) the generation, It includes a control unit capable of controlling provision, conversion, charging, discharging or driving.
- the battery unit includes at least one separate battery and a fixed battery, and the separated battery can be easily separated mechanically from the battery unit even when a relatively small force is applied compared to the fixed battery.
- the vehicle of various embodiments of the first example may have one or more of the following various detailed features.
- the number of fixed batteries may be greater than the number of separate batteries.
- a separate battery may be mounted on a specific part of the battery unit and may not be mounted on another part.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be the same type of secondary battery.
- the secondary battery may be a lithium ion battery.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be different types of secondary batteries.
- the battery unit includes one or more detachable electrical connection elements and a fixed electrical connection element, the detachable electrical connection element is electrically connected to the detachable battery, the fixed electrical connection element is electrically connected to the stationary battery, and the detachable electrical connection to the detachable battery
- the force required to mechanically disengage from the element may be less than the force required to disengage the stationary battery from the stationary electrical connection element.
- the battery unit comprises one or more detachable electrical connection elements and a fixed electrical connection element, the detachable electrical connection element electrically connected to the detachable battery, and the fixed electrical connection element electrically connected to the stationary battery.
- the detachable and fixed electrical connection elements are electrically connected to the battery unit, and the force required to mechanically disconnect the detachable electrical connection element from the battery unit with the detachable battery connected is applied to the fixed electrical connection element with the fixed battery connected to the battery unit. May be less than the force required to separate it from.
- the battery unit includes a case, and the case includes a cover that can be opened and closed, but the cover is installed closer to the detachable battery than the fixed battery, so that when the user opens the cover, the detachable battery is more accessible than the fixed battery. can do.
- the control unit discharges the battery, while the temperature of the battery unit does not fall within the proper discharge temperature range, and thus, when the battery is discharged, the In the case where relatively greater irreversible damage can be caused compared to the case falling within the temperature range, the control unit can cause the detachable battery to suffer the greater damage by discharging the detachable battery, instead of the fixed battery.
- the battery unit may include one or more separation packs and fixed packs, all of the separated batteries may be mounted inside the separation pack, and all of the fixed batteries may be mounted inside the fixed pack.
- the hybrid vehicle drives and drives the motor unit using electricity, and damage to the battery unit of the vehicle can be minimized in various ways.
- the method includes (1) mounting a plurality of batteries capable of discharging and charging in a vehicle, (2) using one or more separate batteries that can be easily replaced and one or more fixed batteries that are not relatively easy to replace. Separation and installation of a separate battery and a fixed battery in the vehicle so that they can be discharged independently. Supplying energy, and (4) discharging the separated battery to supply electric energy to the motor unit when the temperature of the battery does not fall within the proper discharge temperature range of the battery during vehicle driving.
- irreversible damage caused by discharging at a temperature within the proper discharge temperature range is minimized, while irreversible damage caused by discharging at a temperature outside the appropriate discharging temperature range can be limited to the separated battery. have.
- microgrid of the present specification and the various units of the grid have various structural characteristics or method characteristics.
- the description below is an example of the structural characteristics and method characteristics.
- the battery unit of the first embodiment of the first example of the above characteristics is capable of charging and discharging, including at least one separate battery capable of charging and discharging, at least one fixed battery capable of charging and discharging, and a case equipped with an openable cover.
- the detachable battery and the fixed battery are mounted inside the case, but the detachable battery is mounted closer to the cover than the fixed battery, so that when the user opens the cover, it is easier to separate the detachable battery from the unit compared to the fixed battery. It is characterized.
- the battery unit of the second embodiment of the first example of the above characteristic is a plurality of separate batteries and fixed batteries capable of charging and discharging, at least one detachable electrical connection element electrically connecting the separated batteries, and electrically connecting the fixed batteries. And one or more fixed electrical connection elements.
- the battery unit is characterized in that the number of user operations required to electrically or mechanically disconnect the detachable battery from the detachable electrical connection element is less than the user's second operation required to electrically or mechanically disconnect the stationary battery from the fixed electrical connection element. Can have.
- the battery unit may be configured such that the first amount of force the user must exert to electrically or mechanically separate the detachable battery from the detachable electrical connection element is the two that must be applied by the user to mechanically disconnect the stationary battery from the fixed electrical connection element. It may have a feature that is less than the magnitude of the second force.
- the battery unit has the magnitude of the first force the user must exert to deform the shape of the detachable electrical connecting element is less than the magnitude of the second force exerted by the user to deform the shape of the stationary electrical connecting element, and thus It is relatively easy for the user to change the shape of the detachable electrical connection element and separate the detachable battery from the detachable electrical connection element compared to the operation of the user changing the shape of the fixed electrical connection element and separating the fixed battery from the fixed electrical connection element. It can have one characteristic.
- the battery unit of the third embodiment of the first example of the above characteristics electrically connects at least one detachable battery and a fixed battery capable of charging and discharging, a detachable electrical connection element electrically connecting the detachable battery and the battery unit, and a fixed battery and a battery unit. It may comprise a fixed electrical connection element to connect.
- the number of operations required by the user to electrically or mechanically disconnect the detachable electrical connection element and the detachable battery connected thereto from the battery unit is the number of operations required to separate the fixed electrical connection element and the fixed battery connected thereto from the battery unit. It can have fewer features than the number of manipulations.
- the battery unit is configured to separate the fixed electrical connection element and the fixed battery connected thereto from the battery unit by the amount of the first force the user must exert to electrically or mechanically separate the detachable electrical connection element and the detachable battery connected thereto from the unit. It may have a feature that is less than the magnitude of the second force the user must exert.
- the battery unit has the magnitude of the first force that the user must exert to deform the shape of the detachable electrical connecting element is less than the magnitude of the second force exerted by the user to deform the shape of the fixed electrical connecting element, and thus Compared to the operation of separating the fixed battery and the fixed electrical connection element connected thereto from the battery unit by changing the shape of the fixed electrical connection element, the detachable battery and the detachable electrical connection element connected thereto by the user modifying the shape of the detachable electrical connection element Separating the battery unit from the battery unit may have a feature that is relatively easy.
- the various microgrids of the first to third embodiments of the first example of the characteristics or the battery units of the grid may have one or more of the following various detailed characteristics.
- the number of fixed batteries may be greater than the number of separate batteries.
- the number of fixed batteries may be less than the number of separate batteries.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be the same type of secondary battery.
- the secondary battery may be a lithium battery.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be different types of secondary batteries.
- the detachable battery suffers a relatively greater irreversible damage compared to the fixed battery, the user can more easily detach the detachable battery from the unit.
- the grid includes a battery unit including at least one separate battery capable of charging and discharging and a fixed battery, and a control unit capable of controlling discharging and charging of the battery unit. It is mounted on the battery unit to be separated.
- the control unit discharges the fixed battery to drive the electric device, while if the temperature of the battery unit is low or high temperature that does not fall within the above range, the control unit discharges the separate battery.
- the detachable battery suffers severe irreversible damage compared to the fixed battery
- the user has a feature that allows the detachable battery to be more easily detached from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- the microgrid of the second example or the battery unit and the control unit of the grid may have one or more of the following various detailed features.
- the number of fixed batteries may be greater than, equal to, or less than the number of separate batteries.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be the same type of secondary battery.
- the secondary battery may be a lithium battery.
- the separate battery and the fixed battery may be different types of secondary batteries.
- the battery unit includes a case including a detachable battery and a fixed battery therein, the case includes a cover capable of opening and closing, and the detachable battery may be mounted closer to the cover than the fixed battery. Accordingly, when the user opens the cover, the detachable battery can be easily separated from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- the battery unit comprises at least one detachable electrical connection element electrically connecting the separate batteries and at least one fixed electrical connection element electrically connecting the stationary batteries, wherein the detachable battery is electrically and mechanically separated from the detachable electrical connection element.
- the required number of manipulations by the user may be less than the number of manipulations required by the user in order to electrically and mechanically separate the fixed battery from the fixed electrical connection element.
- the battery unit may determine that the amount of the first force the user must exert to mechanically disconnect the detachable battery from the detachable electrical connection element is equal to the second force that must be applied by the user to mechanically disconnect the stationary battery from the stationary electrical connection element. It can have fewer features than its size.
- the amount of force that the user must apply to deform the shape of the detachable electrical connection element is less than the amount of force that the user must apply to deform the shape of the fixed electrical connection element.
- the microgrid is a battery unit including one or more separate batteries and fixed batteries capable of charging and discharging, a power generation unit that converts mechanical energy generated by burning flammable fuels to electrical energy, and a discharge and charging and power generation unit of the battery unit. It includes a control unit that controls the power generation of. In particular, when the temperature of the battery unit falls within the proper discharge temperature range of the battery, the control unit discharges the fixed battery to drive the electric device.
- the control unit drives the electric device by selecting one or more of power generation by driving the power generation unit and discharge of the separated battery, and if the detachable battery suffers more irreversible damage than the fixed battery
- the user may have a feature that the detachable battery can be more easily detached from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- a first embodiment of the fourth example of the above characteristics is a method of replacing a battery of a battery unit, comprising: preparing a case including an openable cover; Mounting one or more fixed batteries capable of charging and discharging in the case at a predetermined distance from the cover; It includes the step of mounting one or more separate batteries capable of charging and discharging in the case closer than the distance from the cover, and as a result, when the user opens the cover, it is easier to replace the detachable battery from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery. It is a battery replacement method characterized in that one.
- the second embodiment of the fourth example of the above characteristics is also a method of replacing the battery of the battery unit, comprising the steps of electrically connecting at least one fixed battery capable of charging and discharging to the battery unit using a fixed electrical connection element, and charging and discharging. And electrically connecting the at least one possible separate battery to the battery unit using a detachable electrical connection element.
- the method comprises the separation battery and the separation battery such that the number of first operations required to electrically or mechanically disconnect the separation battery from the removable electrical connection element is less than the second number of operations required to electrically or mechanically disconnect the stationary battery from the stationary electrical connection element.
- Mounting the detachable electrical connection element to the battery unit may be included.
- the method comprises the magnitude of the first force that the user must exert to mechanically disconnect the separating battery from the separable electrical connection element is the second force that must be exerted by the user to mechanically disconnect the stationary battery from the stationary electrical connection element. It may include mounting the detachable battery and the detachable electrical connection element to the battery unit to be smaller than the size.
- the magnitude of the first force the user must exert to deform the shape of the detachable electrical connection element is less than the magnitude of the second force exerted by the user to deform the shape of the fixed electrical connecting element, and thus the user
- the second operation of the user changing the shape of the detachable electrical connection element and separating the detachable battery from the detachable electric connection element It may comprise the step of mounting the detachable battery and the detachable electrical connection element to the battery unit for relatively ease.
- the method may have a feature that it is easier for a user to replace the detachable battery from the battery unit as compared to replacing the fixed battery from the unit.
- the third embodiment of the fourth example of the above characteristics is also a method of replacing the battery of the battery unit, comprising the steps of electrically connecting at least one fixed battery capable of charging and discharging to the battery unit with a fixed electrical connection element, and charging and discharging. Electrically connecting one or more separate batteries to the battery unit using removable electrical connection elements.
- the method is as in the second embodiment of the fourth example of the characteristic, the first number of manipulations is less than the second number of manipulations, the magnitude of the first force is less than the magnitude of the second force, or Compared to the first operation, the second operation may include a relatively easy step. As a result, the method may have a feature that it is easier for the user to replace the detachable battery from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- the microgrids of the first to fourth embodiments of the fourth example and various units of the grid may have one or more of the following various detailed features.
- the method may include mounting more or less number of fixed batteries than separate batteries.
- the method may include using a secondary battery of the same type as a separate battery and a fixed battery, and may include using a lithium battery as the secondary battery.
- the method may include using different types of secondary batteries as separate batteries and fixed batteries.
- the method includes discharging the fixed battery when the temperature of the battery unit is within a suitable discharge temperature range; Discharging the separated battery when the temperature of the battery unit does not fall within the appropriate discharge temperature range; And if the detachable battery suffers a relatively greater irreversible damage than the fixed battery, the user may include the step of easily separating the detachable battery from the battery unit.
- the first embodiment of the fifth example of the characteristics is a method of controlling the discharge and charging of a battery that provides electrical energy to a microgrid to which a plurality of electric devices are connected, the method comprising: a fixed battery capable of charging and discharging to the battery unit.
- Mounting Mounting a separate battery capable of charging and discharging in the battery unit, wherein the detachable battery is mounted so that it is more easily separated from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery; Discharging the fixed battery to drive the electric device when the temperature of the battery unit is within the proper discharge temperature range of the battery, while discharging the separate battery to drive the electric device when the temperature of the battery unit is out of the above range; And when the separated battery suffers a certain degree of irreversible damage, the user may easily separate the separated battery from the battery unit and replace it with a new separated battery.
- the microgrid of the fifth example or various units of the grid may have one or more of the following various detailed features.
- the method may include mounting more or less number of stationary batteries than separate batteries.
- the method includes using a secondary battery of the same type as a separate battery and a fixed battery, or using a lithium battery as the secondary battery, or using different types of secondary batteries as a separate battery and a fixed battery. It may include the step of.
- the method includes: mounting a separate battery and a fixed battery in a case including an openable and closed cover; And mounting the detachable battery closer to the cover than the fixed battery, and as a result, when the user opens the cover, it is easier to separate the detachable battery from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- the method further comprising: electrically connecting a stationary battery to the unit using a stationary electrical connection element; And electrically connecting the detachable battery to the unit using a detachable electrical connection element.
- the method is as in the second embodiment of the fourth example of the characteristic, the first number of manipulations is less than the second number of manipulations, the magnitude of the first force is less than the magnitude of the second force, or Compared to the first operation, the second operation may include a relatively easy step. As a result, the method may have a feature that it is easier for the user to replace the detachable battery from the battery unit compared to the fixed battery.
- the present specification can control the operation or temperature of the battery unit of the vehicle using various serial hybrid vehicles, heating units or cooling units included in the vehicle, and the units in the first to ninth exemplary aspects.
- Various control units and various control methods related thereto are illustrated.
- the present specification describes structural features, operational features and control features of the vehicle or the unit, and various operating methods and control methods related thereto.
- the present specification provides various microgrids, heating units or cooling units included in the grids, and various types that can control the operation or temperature of the battery units of the grid using the units.
- the control unit and various control methods related thereto are illustrated.
- the present specification describes structural features, operational features and control features of the grid or the unit, and various operating methods and control methods related thereto.
- the hybrid vehicle of the present specification includes an engine unit, a power generation unit, a heating unit, a cooling unit, a battery unit, a motor unit, a drive unit, and the like
- the microgrid in the present specification is a (energy) source, a power generation unit, a heating unit, and a cooling unit. It includes a unit, a battery unit, an electric device, and the like.
- each of the power generation unit, heating unit, cooling unit, and battery unit included in the vehicle and the grid are the same or similar to each other.
- the (energy) source of the grid may include an engine unit or other engine of the vehicle
- the electric device of the grid may include a motor unit or drive unit of the vehicle, or other motor or driving element.
- the detailed configuration, arrangement, driving method, and driving sequence of the engine unit (or the source of the microgrid) of the hybrid vehicle can be applied equally or similarly to the source of the microgrid (or the engine unit of the hybrid vehicle).
- the detailed configuration, arrangement, driving method, and driving sequence of the vehicle motor unit (or the electric device of the grid) may be applied equally or similarly to the source of the grid (or the engine unit of the vehicle).
- each unit of an exemplary aspect, embodiment, or detailed example of the present specification, or elements or parts of the unit may also reflect the purpose, spirit, or scope of the various serial hybrid vehicles, microgrids, or various units thereof in the present specification. It can be modified without departing from it.
- the description below is heating or cooling so that the temperature of the vehicle or the battery unit of the grid falls within an appropriate temperature range by using various hybrid vehicles, microgrids, units, various elements of the unit, various parts of the elements, etc. It relates to various structures or control methods that can be made.
- the description below is to minimize irreversible damage that the unit may suffer even if the unit is discharged (or charged) when the temperature of the battery unit of various hybrid vehicles or microgrids of the present specification does not fall within the appropriate temperature range. It relates to various structures or control methods that can be used. To this end, the control unit may limit the irreversible damage to only a part of the battery unit through various structures or control methods.
- the exemplary aspects, embodiments, or detailed examples described below are not intended to limit the range of the vehicle, various units of the vehicle or grid, various elements of the unit, various parts of the element, and the like. Rather, the exemplary aspects, embodiments, or details described below are for describing the vehicle or grid, units, elements or parts thereof in more detail.
- the tandem hybrid vehicle of the first exemplary aspect of the present specification includes a battery unit, a control unit, and at least one of a heating unit and a cooling unit, wherein the control unit controls the heating unit or the cooling unit to control all or all of the battery units. It is characterized by controlling the temperature of some parts.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a tandem hybrid vehicle according to the first exemplary aspect of the present specification, but omitting the wheels and the body of the vehicle.
- the hybrid vehicle may include various units and elements included in conventional vehicles such as a gear unit, a brake unit, a transmission, a speedometer, a fuel container, a headlight, a tail light, and the like.
- the tandem hybrid vehicle includes an engine unit 110, a power generation unit 120, a battery unit 150, a motor unit 160, and a drive unit 170.
- the vehicle may include one or both of the heating unit 130 and the cooling unit 140.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a functional structure instead of a mechanical structure of the units, and in particular, illustrates electrical connection and energy supply paths. Accordingly, as long as the units are mounted on various vehicles of the present specification and are electrically connected as described below, the units may be connected according to a position or order different from the position or order illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the vehicle includes one or more control units. Accordingly, in the following description, it is assumed that the vehicle controls the operation of a plurality of units through a control unit.
- the control unit includes an engine control element in charge of controlling the engine unit 110, a power generation control element in charge of controlling the power generation unit 120, a battery control element in charge of controlling the battery unit 150, A motor control element in charge of controlling the motor unit 160, a driving control element in charge of controlling the driving unit 170, a heating control element in charge of controlling the heating unit 130, and the control of the cooling unit 140 It may include one or more of the responsible cooling control elements.
- the various control elements included in the control unit may be respectively installed in or around the corresponding element, or may be manufactured in the form of a single body (center) control element.
- control unit performs the various controls exemplified herein, the detailed shape, structure, arrangement or location of the control unit or control elements is not important.
- control unit of the present specification will collectively refer to one or more of the central control element or seven unit control elements.
- the engine unit 110 includes one or more conventional engines that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, and examples of such engines include gasoline (or diesel) engines using gasoline (or diesel) as fuel, propane (or liquefied petroleum, There are propane (or liquefied petroleum, natural) engines using natural) gas as fuel, and hydrogen engines using hydrogen as fuel.
- the engine unit 110 may include a conventional internal combustion engine engine different from the engines described above.
- the engine unit 110 provides mechanical energy (E ENG ) or power (P ENG , energy generation per unit time) generated by the engine to the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit (or control element) can control the amount of energy or power, which can generally vary depending on the engine capacity (eg, the total volume inside the cylinder), the number of revolutions, the efficiency, and the like. Alternatively, the amount may vary according to the electric energy or electric power required by the power generation unit 120.
- the engine unit 110 may include various parts included in an existing engine.
- the engine unit 110 may include a piston, a cylinder, a valve, and the like.
- An engine comprising a plurality of pistons and cylinders may include a distributor.
- the engine unit 110 may cool the engine unit 110 using an existing air-cooled element or a water-cooled element. As long as the engine unit 110 generates energy or power and can provide at least a portion thereof to the power generation unit 120, the engine unit 110 may be mounted at various locations of the hybrid vehicle.
- the power generation unit 120 may include one or more conventional power generation elements that convert mechanical energy or power generated and provided by the engine unit 110 into electrical energy or power.
- conventional power generation elements include a revolving field type power generation element, a revolving amateur type power generation element, and the like, and the power generation element may be an AC power generation element or a DC power generation element.
- the power generation unit 120 may convert the AC electricity into DC electricity using a rectifier and then provide it to the battery unit 150 described below.
- the power generation unit 120 may generate electric energy of E GEN, T or electric power of P GEN, T using various numbers or types of power generation elements.
- the power generation unit 120 provides all or part of the energy or power to the [1] battery unit 150 as E GEN, B or P GEN, B , or [2] the heating unit 130 with E GEN, H Alternatively , as much as P GEN,H, or [3] as much as E GEN,C or P GEN,C to the cooling unit 140, or [4] the motor unit 160 directly without passing through the battery unit 150 E GEN,M or P GEN,M can be provided.
- the power generation unit 120 provides energy or power to two or more units, if there is no loss such as electrical resistance or a short circuit, the sum of the energy or power provided to the units is E GEN, T or P, respectively. It may correspond to GEN,T.
- the energy or power may vary depending on the amount of mechanical energy or mechanical power provided by the engine unit 110 as well as the power generation capacity, electrical characteristics, and power generation efficiency of the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit or the power generation control element may control the amount of electric energy or power generated by the power generation unit 120, the amount of the energy or power provided to various units, and the like.
- the control unit or power generation control element may be disposed outside or around the power generation unit 120.
- the power generation unit 120 may itself control the amount of electric energy or power generated by itself, and the provision of the energy or power.
- the part in charge of the control among the power generation unit 120 may be regarded as a power generation control element, and as described above, the part may be referred to as a control unit.
- the battery unit 150 includes one or more existing batteries, and the battery may be an existing secondary battery capable of (re)charging.
- the battery unit 150 is charged by receiving electric energy (E GEN, B ) or power (P GEN, B) from the power generation unit 120.
- E GEN, B electric energy
- P GEN, B power
- the battery unit 150 may be charged while receiving energy or power before, during, or after discharging the battery from the power generation unit 120.
- the battery unit 150 may supply electric energy E BAT or electric power P BAT to the motor unit 160 through discharge.
- the battery unit 150 may supply electric energy or power to the motor unit 160 through discharging before, during, or after charging the battery.
- discharging (or charging) a battery at a low or high temperature outside the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range may cause irreversible damage to the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolytic material of the battery, and the battery may lose capacity. I can. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of the battery, it is desirable to discharge (or charge) the battery within an appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range.
- the battery's proper discharge temperature range and the proper charge temperature range do not generally match. Therefore, even if the battery unit 150 is discharged (or charged) at a specific temperature, the performance of the battery is minimally affected, but charging (or discharging) the unit 150 at the same temperature may adversely affect the performance of the battery. have.
- control unit may individually control the discharge and charging of the battery unit 150 according to the temperature (ie, T BU) of the battery unit 150 or the external temperature.
- T BU the temperature of the battery unit 150
- the control unit allows the battery unit 150 to discharge at a specific temperature, but prevents charging, or allows charging but prohibits discharging. The structure will be described in detail below.
- T D-Max and T D-Min the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the appropriate discharge temperature range are indicated as T D-Max and T D-Min , respectively, while the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the appropriate charge temperature range are indicated.
- the lowest temperature will be denoted as T C-Max and T C-Min , respectively. That is, the proper discharge temperature range is from T D-Min to T D-Max , and the proper charging temperature range is from T C-Min to T C-Max .
- the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and appropriate temperature range may be set by various manufacturers, control units, or users.
- the discharge (or charging) temperature range may be set to be narrow.
- the temperature range may be widened.
- the motor unit 160 drives the driving unit 170 using energy (E BAT ) or power (P BAT) provided by the battery unit 150.
- the motor unit 160 may include one or more conventional DC motors or AC motors. Examples of conventional motors include brushed motors, brushless motors, induction motors, etc. There are other conventional motors that can convert energy or power into mechanical energy or power.
- the motor unit 160 includes an AC motor, the hybrid vehicle of the present specification may convert the DC current discharged by the battery unit 150 into AC current using an inverter, and then drive the motor.
- the drive unit 170 may include one or more conventional driving axles capable of moving a tandem hybrid vehicle. To this end, wheels or rails may be mounted on one end of the drive shaft, and the vehicle may include various transportation means such as a two-wheel, three-wheel or four-wheel motorcycle, a three-wheel or four-wheel passenger car, and a three-wheel or four-wheel truck.
- the drive unit 170 may be manufactured to have a shape or size suitable for the type of vehicle.
- the heating unit 130 includes one or more conventional heat generating elements.
- the heating unit 130 receiving energy (E GEN, H ) or power (P GEN, H ) from the power generation unit 120 may generate heat as much as Q H , and the heat is Q H / ⁇ t per unit time It is manufactured to be provided to the battery unit 150 at a speed of.
- the heating unit 130 supplies heat to the battery unit 150 using heat conduction or convection, so that the battery unit 150, one or more batteries of the unit 150, or one or more battery packs It is made to increase the temperature of.
- the heating unit 130 relies on heat conduction, it is advantageous to place the heat generating element as close as possible to the battery of the battery unit 150.
- the heating unit 130 that relies on convection heats air, and the heated air heats the battery. Therefore, compared to the heating unit 130 that relies on heat conduction, the heating unit 130 that relies on convection may be installed in a position capable of heating air injected into or outside the battery unit 150.
- the heating unit 130 includes a metal or non-metal heat generating element in the form of a wire, coil, plate, or thin film having an appropriate electrical resistance, and the heat generating element receives electric energy or power and converts it into heat. I can. Alternatively, the heating unit 130 heats one or more thermoelectric elements capable of dissipating heat by the Peltier effect, the Seebeck effect, or the Thomson effect after receiving electric energy or power. It can also be included as an occurrence factor.
- the heating unit 130 may generate heat using electrical energy or other existing elements capable of converting power into heat.
- Existing various heat generating elements can be made of various materials, and can be manufactured in various sizes or shapes. Accordingly, the heat generating element may be disposed at various locations, such as inside or outside the battery unit 150, inside or outside the battery or battery pack mounted inside the unit 150.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a Peltier heat generating element, which is an example of a thermoelectric element.
- a Peltier heat generating element which is an example of a thermoelectric element.
- the Peltier heat generating element When electric energy or power is supplied to the Peltier heat generating element as shown in [Fig. 2], one side of the element is heated, but the other side is cooled. Therefore, when the Peltier heat generating element is used, if the position or orientation of the element is not suitable, the temperature of the battery contacting the heating surface of the element increases, while the temperature of the battery in contact with the cooling surface of the same element or close to the cooling surface is increased. The temperature can decrease.
- the heating unit 130 heats the battery pack by placing it in direct contact with the outside or inside of the case of the battery pack or at a specific distance from the outside or inside. Can be delivered effectively.
- the heating unit 130 may be disposed inside the case, and may be disposed at a location and distance capable of efficiently transferring heat to one or more batteries.
- the heating unit 130 may arrange one or more heat generating elements on one or more battery packs.
- the heating unit 130 may arrange one or more heat generating elements in the separation pack and the fixed pack in the same or different numbers or patterns. Therefore, the control unit uses heat generating elements to heat the separation pack first, heats the fixed pack first, or heats the separation pack and then sequentially heats the fixed pack according to various heating patterns. Can be controlled.
- the heating unit 130 may include heat transfer elements of various shapes made of a material having high thermal conductivity different from the heat generating element.
- the heat transfer element may be placed in direct contact with the heat generating element or around the heat generating element.
- the heat transfer element serves as a passage through which heat generated by the heat generating element is transferred through heat conduction. Accordingly, a battery or a battery pack that is mounted inside the battery unit 150 but does not directly contact the heat generating element may receive heat generated by the heat generating element directly therefrom, but indirectly through the heat transfer element. Examples of heat transfer elements include metals as well as plastics with high thermal conductivity.
- the heating unit 130 may generate heat by receiving energy, power, etc. from the battery unit 150 instead of the power generation unit 120. Accordingly, the control unit can operate the heating unit 130 by discharging the battery unit 150 before the engine unit 110 is operated, and as a result, the battery unit 150 is operated before the engine unit 110 is operated. It may be heated at the same time as the battery unit 150 is discharged. Even in this case, the heating unit 130 may transfer heat to one or more batteries or battery packs included in the battery unit 150.
- the heating unit 130 can minimize damage to the anode or the cathode by intensively supplying heat to the anode or cathode of the battery.
- the heating unit 130 transmits heat as a whole to the outside of one or more batteries, thereby increasing the temperature of the electrolyte.
- the structures illustrated in the paragraphs above and in this paragraph can be used to charge the battery at a temperature lower than the T C-Min of the battery.
- the cooling unit 140 includes one or more conventional cooling elements. After receiving energy (E GEN, C ) or power (P GEN, C ) from the power generation unit 120, the cooling unit 140 absorbs the thermal energy of the battery unit 150 by Q C or Q C / By absorbing at a rate of ⁇ t, it is possible to reduce the temperature of the battery unit 150 or the battery.
- the cooling unit 140 reduces the temperature of the battery unit 150 by using heat conduction or convection.
- the cooling unit 140 is manufactured to reduce the temperature of the outside or inside of the battery unit 150 and the temperature of one or more batteries or one or more battery packs inside the unit 150.
- the cooling element of the cooling unit 140 that relies on heat conduction is advantageously placed close to the battery of the battery unit 150.
- the cooling unit 140 that relies on convection may cool the air and then use the cooling air to reduce the temperature of the battery. Therefore, compared to the cooling unit 140 that depends on heat conduction, the location of the cooling unit 140 that depends on convection may not be relatively important as long as the cooled air can be injected to the outside or inside of the battery unit 150. have.
- the cooling unit 140 may include one or more cooling elements in the form of a thermoelectric element capable of absorbing heat by a Peltier effect, a Seebeck effect, or a Thompson effect when electric energy or power is supplied.
- the cooling unit 140 may include one or more other cooling elements capable of absorbing heat by using electric energy or power.
- Existing various cooling elements can be made of various materials and can be manufactured in various sizes or shapes. Accordingly, the cooling element may be disposed in various locations such as inside or outside the battery unit 150, inside or outside the battery mounted inside the unit 150.
- FIG. 2 also shows the operation of a Peltier cooling element used as a thermoelectric element.
- a Peltier cooling element used as a thermoelectric element.
- the temperature of the battery contacting the cooling surface of the Peltier cooling element decreases, but the heating surface of the same cooling element is contacted.
- the temperature of the battery can increase.
- the cooling unit 140 When the battery unit 150 is manufactured in the form of a single battery pack, the cooling unit 140 directly contacts the outside or inside of the case of the battery pack or is disposed at a specific distance from the outside or inside of the battery pack. Can be arranged to absorb.
- the cooling unit 140 may be disposed inside the case, and the cooling unit 140 may be disposed at a location and distance capable of efficiently absorbing heat from one or more batteries or battery packs.
- the cooling unit 140 may also include a plurality of cooling elements, and these may be disposed in each battery pack.
- the cooling unit 140 may arrange one or more cooling elements in the separation pack and the fixing pack in the same or different numbers or patterns. Therefore, the control unit uses cooling elements to cool the separation pack or the fixed pack first, or cool the separation pack and then sequentially cool the fixed pack. The temperature of the separation pack, the temperature of the fixed pack, or the battery unit ( 150) temperature can be controlled.
- the cooling unit 140 may also include heat transfer elements of various shapes made of a material having high thermal conductivity different from the cooling element.
- the heat transfer element can be arranged in direct mechanical contact with the cooling element or can be arranged around the cooling element.
- the heat transfer element may serve as a passage for transferring heat generated by the battery to the cooling element through heat conduction.
- a battery or battery pack that is mounted inside the battery unit 150 but does not directly contact the cooling element may transfer heat generated by itself to the cooling element indirectly through the transfer element instead of directly transferring the generated heat to the cooling element.
- the heat transfer element include metals as well as plastics having high thermal conductivity.
- the cooling unit 140 may receive electric energy or power directly from the battery unit 150 instead of the power generation unit 120 and absorb heat from the battery. Accordingly, the control unit may operate the cooling unit 140 by discharging the battery unit 150 before the engine unit 110 is operated. As a result, the battery unit 150 may be cooled simultaneously with the discharge of the battery unit 150 before the engine unit 110 is operated. Even in this case, the cooling unit 140 may absorb heat from one or more batteries or battery packs inside the battery unit 150.
- the cooling unit 140 may prevent or minimize damage to the anode or the cathode by intensively absorbing the heat of the anode or the cathode.
- the cooling unit 140 can cool the battery electrolyte by absorbing heat entirely from the outside of the battery.
- the above paragraph and the structure illustrated in this paragraph can be applied when charging the battery at a temperature higher than T C-Max.
- the hybrid vehicle of the first exemplary aspect described above, the battery unit, the control unit, the heating unit, the cooling unit, and the like of the vehicle may be modified or improved in a structure different from the above, or may be driven or controlled in a different manner from the above. .
- a first embodiment of the modification or improvement of the first exemplary aspect described above relates to the discharge and charge control of the battery unit.
- the control unit need not control to charge the battery unit simultaneously with discharging. This is because discharging of the battery unit may be an essential factor for driving of the vehicle, but charging of the battery unit is not necessarily an essential factor for driving of the vehicle.
- control unit may drive the battery unit and the power generation unit at the same time, and the control unit may discharge and charge the battery unit while the vehicle is running.
- control unit may drive the motor unit but not the power generation unit, and thus the control unit may discharge the battery unit but not charge the battery unit while driving.
- control unit may drive the power generation unit but not the motor unit.
- the control unit stops discharging the battery unit, but can charge the battery unit.
- Discharging and charging of the battery unit from the point of view of the control unit can be two different, independent operations. Therefore, from the point of view of the control unit, the discharging and charging of the battery unit may be tasks that must be performed at the same time, or the discharging (or charging) operation may be an operation that must be performed before the charging (or discharging) operation.
- discharging and charging of the battery unit may be an operation in which only one of the two must be performed.
- the discharge operation of the battery unit is a task that the control unit should stop, but the charging operation of the unit may be a task that the control unit starts.
- the discharging operation may be a job that the control unit should start, but the charging operation may be a job that does not need to be started.
- the control unit since the battery unit does not necessarily need to be charged simultaneously with discharging, even if the temperature of the battery unit does not fall within the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range, the control unit does not need to operate the heating unit and the cooling unit at the same time. Accordingly, the control unit operates the heating unit and the cooling unit at the same time, the heating unit operates but the cooling unit does not operate, the cooling unit operates but the heating unit does not operate, or neither the heating unit nor the cooling unit operates. I can.
- the second embodiment of the modification or improvement of the first exemplary aspect described above is for a heating unit, and unlike the above, the heating unit uses radiation rather than conduction or convection to generate a battery unit, a specific battery, or a battery pack. Can be heated.
- the heating unit may include an existing heat generating element capable of generating radiant heat by increasing the temperature when energy is supplied.
- a third embodiment of the modification or improvement of the first exemplary aspect described above relates to a battery unit, and unlike the above example, the battery unit may include one or more tertiary batteries.
- Conventional tertiary cells generate energy through oxidation-reduction reactions of various fuels, and examples of tertiary cells include proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, and phosphoric acid fuels.
- Cells phosphoric acid fuel cells
- solid oxide fuel cells solid oxide fuel cells
- molten carbonate fuel cells molten carbonate fuel cell
- the battery unit may include one or more secondary batteries and one or more tertiary batteries, or may include only a tertiary battery without a secondary battery.
- the vehicle may include a storage element capable of storing fuel of the tertiary cell.
- a second exemplary aspect of the present specification relates to various structures and control methods for temperature control of a battery unit of a running series hybrid vehicle.
- the vehicle of the second exemplary aspect may be operated according to various order of execution of operations, and in particular, the engine unit, power generation unit, battery unit, heating unit and cooling unit of the vehicle may also be operated according to various orders.
- control unit or various elements of the control unit may be in charge of the control of the various units of the hybrid vehicle as described above.
- the control unit controls the order and characteristics of each order.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification, a sequence of operations, and an operational state of various units according to the sequence.
- this embodiment is a case in which the hybrid vehicle is driven within the proper discharging (or charging) temperature range of the battery unit 150.
- the battery unit 150 discharges and supplies E BAT or P BAT to the motor unit 160, and the motor unit 160 drives the driving unit 170 using this, and the vehicle is driven by E BAT or P BAT . You can drive at a determined speed.
- the control unit may start charging the battery unit 150.
- the control unit drives the engine unit 110
- the engine unit 110 supplies E ENG or P ENG to the power generation unit 120
- the power generation unit 120 is E GEN, B or P GEN, B Is supplied to the battery unit 150, and the unit 150 can start charging using this.
- the control unit may start charging the battery unit 150 at various starting points of charging.
- the charging start time can be set based on the state of the battery unit, and examples of the charging start time include [1] the time when the charging rate of the battery unit 150 reaches or falls below a specific value, and [2] the battery When the discharge depth (ie, discharge rate) of the unit 150 reaches or increases beyond a specific value, [3] the voltage (or current) of the battery unit 150 is the end-of-discharge voltage (Or current) is reached or falls below, [4] when a certain time elapses after the previous charge, [5] the time when traveling a certain distance after the previous charge, [6] the time set in advance by the control unit, etc. There is this. However, in the case of [1] to [6], the vehicle may be in a stopped state (when the start switch is turned off), in a stopped state (when the start switch is turned on, and the vehicle is stopped while driving), or while driving.
- the charging start time may be determined by the user.
- Examples of such charging start points are [7] when the user turns on the ignition switch of the vehicle in a stopped state, [8] when the user restarts the driving of the vehicle in a stopped state, [9] related to the driving or stopping of the vehicle.
- the starting point of charging may be determined in relation to the driving of the vehicle.
- Examples of such charging start points are [12] when the vehicle starts driving, [13] when the vehicle being driven starts driving at a speed greater than or equal to a preset speed, and [14] the vehicle travels a certain distance after starting driving. There is a point of time. Therefore, in the present specification, the "charging start point" refers to one of the above [1] to [14].
- the control unit may terminate charging of the battery unit 150 at various charging end points.
- the charging end time point may be set based on the state of the battery unit, and examples of such charge end time point include [1] the time point when the charging rate of the battery unit 150 reaches or exceeds a specific value, and [2] the battery unit The time when the discharge rate or the discharge depth of 150 reaches or falls below a specific value, [3] the time when the voltage (or current) of the unit 150 reaches or exceeds the charging end voltage (or current) , [4] a point in time when a certain time elapses after starting charging, [5] a point in time set in advance by the control unit, and so on.
- the control unit may terminate charging of the battery unit 150 at various charging end points determined by the user.
- the charging end time point are [6] a time point when the user turns on the vehicle's ignition switch, [7] a time point previously set by the user, [8] a time point when the user turns off the vehicle's ignition switch, or [9] There are times when it is ordered to end charging. Therefore, in the present specification, the term "charging end point" refers to one of [1] to [9] described above.
- the charging rate or the discharging depth of the battery unit 150 is determined by [1] the charging rate or discharging depth of the entire unit 150, [2] a plurality of The average charging rate or discharging depth of the battery packs, [3] the charging rate or discharging depth of a specific battery (for example, a fixed battery or a separate battery) among a plurality of batteries installed in the battery unit 150, [4] the battery unit 150 ) May mean one of a charging rate or a discharging depth of a specific battery pack (for example, a fixed pack or a separation pack) among a plurality of battery packs mounted in).
- control unit sets the battery's “appropriate charge rate range” or vice versa, the "appropriate discharge rate range”, and the charge rate of the battery decreases below the lowest charge rate, or the discharge rate of the battery increases above the highest discharge rate.
- the control unit can stop charging the battery when the charging rate of the battery exceeds the maximum charging rate or decreases below the maximum discharge rate.
- a method of discharging or charging when the charging rate is about 30% to 80% may be more advantageous in extending battery performance.
- the control unit may charge or discharge the battery more conservatively than the above range when the charging rate of the lithium-ion battery is about 40% to 70%, 50% to 60%, or the like.
- the engine of the engine unit 110 may also increase in temperature while driving. However, as described above, since the control unit or the engine unit 110 can control the engine temperature using an existing air-cooled element or a water-cooled element, further description will be omitted.
- the second embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification is an operation execution sequence when the temperature of the battery unit decreases while driving a hybrid vehicle and the temperature of the unit is lower than T D-Min or T C-Min, the sequence It is an example of the operating state of various units according to.
- the control unit drives the power generation unit 120 to supply E GEN, H to the heating unit 130. Accordingly, the heating unit can start heating the unit 150.
- the control unit of the first detailed example of the second embodiment may provide the heating unit 130 with E GEN, H , which is part of the E GEN, B provided by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150. Accordingly, E GEN,B provided by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150 is reduced by that amount. In this case, the amount of energy generated by the power generation unit 120 does not change significantly. Accordingly, the control unit may or may not operate the engine unit 110.
- the control unit of the second detailed example of the second embodiment may increase the amount of power generated by operating the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit allows the power generation unit 120 to additionally generate energy equal to E GEN, H, and then provides it to the heating unit 130, while the power generation unit 120 provides it to the battery unit 150.
- E GEN,B can be maintained.
- the control unit may operate the engine unit 110 to provide more mechanical energy to the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit drives the heating unit 130.
- the control unit drives the heating unit 130.
- energy provided to the heating unit 130 may be reduced.
- the control unit May continue to drive the heating unit 130.
- the control unit may increase E GEN,H provided to the heating unit 130.
- the control unit may increase the electric energy generated by the power generation unit 120, or the power generation unit 120 may be driven under the same conditions, but the energy provided to the battery unit 150 may be reduced.
- the third embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification is when the temperature of the battery unit (i.e., T BU ) increases during the operation of the hybrid vehicle and approaches or increases the T D-Max or T C-Max of the unit.
- the operation execution order of is an example of the operation state of the various units according to the order.
- the control unit manipulates the power generation unit 120 to supply E GEN, C to the cooling unit 140 to start cooling.
- the control unit of the first detailed example of the third embodiment is the power generation unit 120 to provide the cooling unit 140 with E GEN, C , which is part of the E GEN and B provided by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150. Control. Accordingly, E GEN,B provided by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150 decreases, but the amount of electric energy generated by the power generation unit 120 does not change significantly. Accordingly, the control unit may or may not operate the engine unit 110.
- the control unit of the second detailed example of the third embodiment controls the power generation unit 120 to increase the amount of power generation.
- the control unit allows the power generation unit 120 to additionally generate energy of E GEN, C , and provide it to the cooling unit 140, but the power generation unit 120 provides the battery unit 150 to the E GEN, B can be maintained. As a result, the total amount of energy generated by the power generation unit 120 may increase.
- the control unit may manipulate the engine unit 110 to provide more mechanical energy to the power generation unit 120.
- control unit of the first or second detailed example described above operates the cooling unit 140 and maintains it after T BU is lower than T D-Max or T C-Max , the control unit drives the cooling unit 140. Or, by controlling the engine unit 110 or the power generation unit 120, energy provided to the cooling unit 140 may be reduced.
- the control unit 140 may be continuously driven or the E GEN-C provided to the cooling unit 140 may be increased.
- the control unit may increase energy generated by the engine unit 110, or the engine unit 110 may be driven under the same conditions, but energy provided to the battery unit 150 may be reduced.
- the fourth embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification is a structure of the vehicle and various units when the user turns off the ignition switch of the vehicle after completing the driving of the hybrid vehicle, the order of operation, and various This is an example of the operating state of the unit.
- the control unit can stop all units of the vehicle simultaneously or sequentially. Even if the charging rate of the battery unit 150 after stopping the vehicle is lower than a specific value or the temperature of the battery unit is higher than a preset temperature, the control unit may stop the operation of the units when the user turns off the switch.
- the fifth embodiment of the second exemplary aspect of the present specification is another example of the same state as the fourth embodiment. That is, even if the user turns off the switch, if the charging rate of the battery unit 150 is low, the control unit can continue to charge the battery. To this end, the control unit continues to operate the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120 after the switch is turned off, so that the charging rate of the battery unit 150, of a specific battery or of a specific battery pack is set by the user or the control unit. Charging can continue until the charging rate is reached. However, when T BU is out of the proper charging temperature range during charging, the control unit increases or decreases the temperature of the whole or part of the battery unit 150 by operating the heating unit 130 or the cooling unit 140 as described above. I can make it.
- the preset charging rate in the above paragraph refers to the appropriate maximum charging rate, which is a value that is set in advance by the vehicle manufacturer or the battery manufacturer, automatically or in advance by the control device, or manually by the user.
- the control unit may set or change a preset charging rate according to the schedule.
- the various hybrid vehicles of the second exemplary aspect described above, and various units of the vehicle may be modified or improved into a structure different from the above, or may be driven or controlled in a different manner than the above.
- the first embodiment of the modification or improvement of the second exemplary aspect is for discharging and charging control of the battery unit
- the second embodiment is for a heating unit using radiant heat
- the third embodiment is for one or more It relates to a battery unit including a tertiary battery. Since the description of this is the same as the first to third embodiments of the modification or improvement of the first exemplary aspect described above, further description will be omitted.
- a fourth embodiment of the modification or improvement of the second exemplary aspect described above is a case in which the user turns off the ignition switch after driving the hybrid vehicle and then turns on the switch again after a predetermined time. At this time, if the temperature of the battery unit falls within the proper discharge temperature range, the control unit starts discharging the battery unit and the vehicle starts driving. However, if the temperature of the unit is out of the proper discharge temperature range, the control unit Different control methods can be used depending on the temperature, and this case will be described in the third and fourth exemplary aspects below.
- control unit may control various units of the vehicle as in the second embodiment.
- control unit may control various units of the vehicle as described in the third embodiment.
- a third exemplary aspect of the present specification is a variety of control methods and operations when the user turns on the ignition switch when the temperature of the battery unit of the tandem hybrid vehicle in the stationary state is "low temperature” below the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range.
- This is an example of the order of execution.
- This exemplary aspect relates to the determination of whether to discharge or charge the battery unit at "low temperature", its control, the operating state of various units of the vehicle, the order or control of the operation execution, and the like.
- discharge at low temperature refers to discharge at a temperature lower than the appropriate discharge temperature range, that is, lower than the lowest discharge temperature (T D-Min ).
- discharge at a low temperature refers to charging at a temperature lower than the proper charging temperature range, that is, lower than the minimum charging temperature (T C-Min ).
- the temperature of the unit when the control unit discharges the battery unit at a low temperature, the temperature of the unit may be lower than the minimum discharge temperature, but the temperature of the unit may be higher or lower than the minimum charging temperature. Likewise, if the control unit charges the battery unit at a low temperature, the temperature is lower than the minimum charging temperature, but may be higher or lower than the discharge temperature.
- T D-Min and T C-Min are different depending on the type of battery, and the user or the control unit may set T D-Min or T C-Min differently for the same battery.
- the battery manufacturer, the battery unit manufacturer, the vehicle manufacturer, the user or the control unit can adjust the life of the battery, battery pack or battery unit by setting T D-Min or T C-Min differently. , You can also adjust when the battery pack or battery unit needs to be replaced.
- T D-Min-1 or T C-Min-1 in the new temperature range is a relatively high temperature compared to T D-Min-0 or T C-Min-0 in the existing appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range. I can.
- the battery unit discharges (or charges) at T D-Min-1 (or T C-Min-1 ) higher than T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0 ), and accordingly, the battery unit T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0 ) is relatively less irreversible than the case of discharging (or charging). Therefore, the user does not need to (relatively) replace the battery (or battery pack) frequently, and the cost of replacing the battery can be minimized.
- the control unit sets a new appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range, which is wider than that of the previous one, and discharging the battery unit at low temperature. (Or charging) can be allowed. That is, T D-Min-2 (or T C-Min-2 ) of the new temperature range may be a relatively lower temperature than T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0) of the existing temperature range.
- the battery unit is discharged (or charged) at T D-Min-2 (or T C-Min-2 ) lower than T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0 ), and the battery unit is T Compared to the case of discharging (or charging) at D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0 ), it may cause relatively severe irreversible damage. Thus, the user has to (relatively) replace the battery (or battery pack) more often, and the cost of replacing the battery can also increase.
- the user when the user turns on the switch, if the temperature of the battery unit is lower than T D-Min-0 and T D-Min-2 , the user can set the temperature of the battery unit to T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0 ), T D-Min-2 (or T C-Min-2 ), which is relatively lower than T D-Min-2 (or T C-Min-2), and then can start discharging (or charging) the battery unit. That is, after turning on the ignition switch, the user can wait (relatively) shorter and then start driving the vehicle.
- a battery manufacturer, a battery unit manufacturer, a control unit, a user, etc. may set an appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range in consideration of convenience and irreversible damage to the battery unit. Accordingly, T D-Min or T C-Min is determined, and the control unit may control the battery unit 150, the heating unit 130, and the like in various ways based on the range and the temperature of the battery unit.
- FIG. 4 shows the states of various units of the hybrid vehicle in a stopped state in which the ignition switch is turned off.
- the vehicle control unit stopped discharging and charging the battery unit 150 and stopped driving the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120. Therefore, the motor unit 160 of the vehicle is not driven and the driving unit 170 is not driven.
- the control device keeps the heating unit 130 or the cooling unit 140 of the vehicle in an off state.
- the battery unit 150 supplies electric energy to the motor unit 160 and the motor unit 160 Supplies it to the drive unit 170, as a result of which the vehicle starts driving.
- T BU is lower than the minimum discharge temperature T D-Min , the battery unit 150 may be irreversibly damaged, resulting in loss of capacity. Can be.
- the control unit of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification may prevent or minimize irreversible damage and loss of battery capacity due to low-temperature discharge in various structures and in various ways.
- FIG. 5] and [Fig. 6] exemplify various structures and various control methods of a control unit therefor.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operating states of various units according to the above sequence of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- T BU temperature of the battery unit 150
- T D-Min when the control unit or the user turns on the ignition switch (that is, when starting the vehicle), the control unit is the battery unit 150 It corresponds to the structure and method of controlling the discharge of ).
- the control unit When the control unit, the user turns on the switch of the vehicle in the stopped state, the control unit measures the temperature of the battery unit 150, a specific battery pack or a specific battery. When T BU is higher than T D-Min and lower than T D-Max , the control unit may start discharging the battery unit 150, and the vehicle may be ready to run and start driving.
- the control unit can control the battery unit 150 to not discharge as shown in [Fig. 5]. Instead, the control unit drives the engine unit 110 to generate mechanical energy, drives the power generation unit 120, and provides the electric energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the heating unit 130. As a result, the heating unit 130 starts preliminary heating of the battery unit 150 using the heat generating element. In this case, the control unit may not provide the electric energy to the battery unit 150.
- the control unit While the heating unit 130 heats some or all of the battery unit 150, the control unit does not start discharging the battery unit 150. As a result, even when the user turns on the switch, the battery unit 150 does not start discharging, and the user cannot start driving the vehicle until the battery unit 150 is heated.
- T BU increases to T D-Min (ie, when preheating is completed)
- the control unit starts discharging the battery unit 150 and the vehicle can run.
- the control unit may preheat the battery unit 150 by operating the heating unit 130 in various patterns.
- the control unit includes the total number of batteries included in the battery unit 150, the arrangement of the batteries or mechanical or electrical connection characteristics, whether a separation pack is included, the number of separation packs, the number of fixed packs, the arrangement of the packs, the The unit 150 may be preheated in a different pattern depending on the mechanical or electrical connection characteristics of the packs.
- the first detailed example of the first embodiment is a case in which all batteries are simultaneously discharged when the battery unit 150 including a plurality of batteries is discharged. At this time, if the heating unit 130 preliminarily heats only a part of the battery unit 150 and then starts discharging, the battery that has not been heated may be irreversibly damaged. Therefore, the heating unit 130 is manufactured and arranged to heat the entire battery unit 150, all batteries, or as many batteries as possible.
- the control unit may prevent discharge of the battery unit 150 until T BU increases to T D-Min , and may also prevent driving of the motor unit 160. Therefore, the vehicle cannot be driven. As a result, even after turning on the switch, the user cannot start driving the vehicle until the preheating of the battery unit 150 is completed.
- the control unit may cause irreversible damage to the battery, but before T BU reaches T D-Min or the specified temperature, the battery unit ( 150) can be started (ie "override").
- the user may perform an override of forcibly starting discharging of the battery unit 150 by pressing the switch twice or pressing the override switch after turning on the switch.
- the battery unit 150 of the second detailed example of the first embodiment is manufactured in the form of a single battery pack and includes a plurality of batteries, and has a structure in which the batteries mounted inside the battery pack are divided into a plurality of sets and mounted. .
- Each battery set may include one or more batteries electrically connected in series, parallel, or a mixture thereof, and each battery set may also be electrically connected in series, parallel, or a mixture thereof.
- all battery sets may be discharged at the same time, only one or more specific battery sets may be first discharged, or a plurality of battery sets may be sequentially discharged.
- the control unit can manipulate whether certain battery sets are discharged or the order of discharge.
- the control unit may preferentially heat a specific set using the heating unit 130, and when the temperature of the specific set reaches T D-Min , The control unit may control the battery unit 150 to start discharging the specific set.
- the control unit will cause the battery set to cool before the temperature of the battery set reaches T D-Min, even if the specific battery set is irreversibly damaged. You can start discharging (for example, override).
- a battery set heated before another battery set corresponds to the "separated battery”.
- batteries other than the separate battery correspond to the "fixed battery”.
- the battery unit 150 of the third detailed example of the first embodiment is manufactured in the form of a plurality of battery packs, and each battery pack may be manufactured in a structure including one or more batteries.
- the battery packs may be electrically connected in series, parallel, or a mixture thereof, and batteries in each battery pack may be electrically connected in series, parallel, or a mixture thereof.
- the battery unit 150 may include one or more “separation packs” that can be easily separated mechanically or electrically. Therefore, the user can easily mechanically and electrically separate only the separation pack from the unit 150 while leaving the remaining "fixed pack” of the battery unit 150.
- the battery unit 150 may be manufactured so as not to mechanically or electrically affect the operation of the fixed pack even if the separation pack is separated from the unit 150. Accordingly, the control unit can discharge (or charge) the separation pack and the fixed pack simultaneously or sequentially.
- control unit may discharge or charge the fixed pack normally even after separating the separation pack from the battery unit 150.
- control unit can independently control the discharging or charging of the separation pack and the fixed pack, the control unit can discharge or charge the fixed pack even after separation of the separation pack.
- the control unit may first preheat the separation pack using the heating unit 130. When the temperature of the separation pack reaches T D-Min , the control unit can start discharging the separation pack.
- the control unit also causes the fixed pack of the battery unit 150 to discharge, or selectively starts discharging only the fixed pack whose temperature has reached a certain temperature, or the fixed pack does not discharge unless the temperature reaches a certain temperature. You can also control it to prevent it.
- the user cannot start driving the vehicle until the preliminary heating of the separation pack of the battery unit 150 is finished even when the switch is turned on.
- the control unit will operate the separation pack even before the temperature of the separation pack reaches T D-Min, even if the separation pack is irreversibly damaged. Discharge can be started (for example, overridden).
- the vehicle when the energy discharged by the separation battery or separation pack of the battery unit 150 reaches a sufficient amount for the high-speed driving of the vehicle, the vehicle may drive normally. However, if the energy discharged by the separation battery or separation pack does not reach the amount required for normal driving, the vehicle can start driving at a low speed instead of driving normally. On the contrary, if the energy discharged by the separation battery or the separation pack does not reach an amount required for normal driving, the control unit may control the vehicle to stop driving.
- control unit may sequentially discharge the fixed battery or fixed pack of the battery unit 150 that has been preheated by the heating unit 130 among the fixed batteries or fixed packs. Accordingly, the vehicle increases the speed from the low-speed driving, and can perform the medium-speed driving or the high-speed driving.
- the cost of replacing a separation pack or a fixed pack is proportional to the number of batteries included in each pack. Accordingly, the battery unit manufacturer can manufacture the separation pack so that the separation pack includes a smaller number of batteries than the fixed pack. Therefore, while the fixed pack occupies most of the battery unit 150, the separation pack may correspond to a part of the battery unit 150.
- the third detailed example of the various detailed examples of the present embodiment has an advantage that other detailed examples cannot provide, which is that the separation pack can be easily separated from the battery unit 150. That is, even if the temperature of the separation pack is lower than the appropriate temperature range, the control unit can start discharging the separation pack.
- the user can easily replace the damaged separation pack from other separation packs in the future.
- the number of batteries included in the separation pack is relatively small, the user can minimize the replacement cost of the damaged separation pack.
- the control unit starts discharging the separation pack before the preheating ends, but it can prevent discharging of the fixed pack. Therefore, the structure of the third detailed example can efficiently maximize the capacity of the remaining battery (ie, fixed pack) of the battery unit 150.
- the control unit utilizes a detachable pack that can be replaced at a relatively low cost as a replaceable consumable, while a fixed pack requiring a relatively high cost for replacement also provides an advantage of being able to efficiently protect from the damage.
- the control unit of the third detailed example described above is the performance of some batteries (ie, a separate battery or a separation pack) of the battery unit 150. It is possible to allow the user to drive the vehicle while protecting the majority of the remaining batteries (i.e. fixed batteries or fixed packs) while lowering only.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operation states of various units according to the above sequence of the second embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- the control unit when the user turns on the ignition switch (that is, when starting the vehicle) when the temperature (T BU ) of the battery unit 150 is lower than T D-Min , the control unit is the battery unit ( It corresponds to another structure and method of controlling the discharge of 150).
- the control unit may provide part or all of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160 instead of providing it to the battery unit 150. Accordingly, the user can drive the vehicle at low, medium, or high speed according to his or her own needs or according to the amount of energy provided by the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit of the first detailed example of the second embodiment supplies E GEN-H to the heating unit 130 and the remaining E GEN-M to the motor unit 160 of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit may prevent the battery unit 150 from directly discharging, that is, the battery unit 150 may not provide energy to the motor unit 160.
- the control unit prohibits discharging in which the battery unit 150 provides energy to the motor unit 160 during preheating, but may allow charging to receive energy from the power generation unit 120.
- the control unit may prohibit charging and discharging of the battery unit 150 during preheating.
- the second detailed example of the second embodiment is similar to the first detailed example, in which some of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 by the control unit is directed to the heating unit 130 and the rest directly to the motor unit 160. As well as the supply box, although not shown in FIG. 6, the battery unit 150 may discharge and provide energy to the motor unit 160.
- the control unit prohibits discharging of the fixed pack, thereby making the fixed pack irreversible. It can protect against damage.
- the second embodiment may provide additional advantages to the user. That is, the control unit of the second embodiment provides an advantage that the user can drive the vehicle at the same time as turning on the ignition switch even at a low temperature where the temperature of the battery unit is lower than the proper discharge temperature.
- the control unit of the first embodiment provides all the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the heating unit 130, Preliminary heating may be started, or the energy may be provided to the heating unit 130 and the battery unit 150 to start preliminary heating of the battery unit 150 and charging of the unit 150.
- the control unit prohibits discharging of the battery unit 150, the vehicle cannot be driven.
- the battery unit 150 starts discharging, the motor unit 160 is driven, and vehicle driving may start.
- this may cause irreversible damage to some or all of the batteries of the battery unit 150. Therefore, the user who drives the vehicle at the same time as starting up is bound to pay the price of damage to the battery.
- the control unit transfers all the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160.
- vehicle driving may be started with the start of preliminary heating of the battery unit 150. Accordingly, the user can start running before the preheating of the battery unit 150 is completed or even before the preheating of part or all of the battery is completed.
- the driving speed of the vehicle for example, low speed, medium speed, or high speed driving may be determined according to the capacity of the power generation unit 120.
- control unit may discharge the separate battery or separation pack and provide additional energy to the motor unit 160. Therefore, while the user can turn on the ignition switch at a low temperature and drive the vehicle at medium or high speed, irreversible damage due to low temperature discharge can be limited to a separate battery or a separation pack.
- the control unit drives the engine unit 110 and drives the power generation unit 120 to generate energy, This may be provided to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the vehicle provides the advantage of being able to drive irrespective of the temperature of the battery unit 150 or by limiting irreversible damage to the unit 150 to a separate battery or a separation pack.
- the third embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification is a structure related to the control of the heating unit after starting the vehicle when the temperature of the battery unit 150 of the vehicle is lower than T C-Min, the operation sequence, and the above sequence. It's about the back.
- the control unit may control the battery unit 150 to discharge and supply the generated energy to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the motor unit 160 drives the driving unit 170 and vehicle driving may be started. Once the battery unit 150 starts discharging, the control unit measures T BU and can drive the heating unit 130 until T BU is higher than T C-Min.
- the control unit may stop driving the heating unit 130.
- the control unit may start charging the unit 150 by providing energy or power generated by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150 instead of the motor unit 160.
- T BU does not fall within the proper charging temperature range (i.e., T BU is lower than T C-Min )
- the control unit may not start charging the battery unit 150, and T BU reaches T C-Min . Until the heating unit 130 can be driven.
- the control unit may provide some or all of the energy or power generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160.
- the control unit may provide energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the motor unit 160 is driven at a higher speed, and as a result, the user can also drive the vehicle at a higher speed.
- the fourth embodiment of the third exemplary aspect of the present specification is a schematic diagram of the operating state and sequence of various units of a hybrid vehicle, wherein the user or control when the temperature of the battery unit 150 of the vehicle is lower than T C-Min It relates to charging of the battery unit 150 in a state in which the unit starts to start the vehicle.
- the control unit measures T BU.
- T BU falls within the proper discharge temperature range
- the control unit causes the battery unit 150 to start discharging and provides E BAT to the motor unit 160, and the motor unit 160 provides the E MOT to the drive unit.
- E BAT the proper discharge temperature range
- the control unit causes the battery unit 150 to start discharging and provides E BAT to the motor unit 160, and the motor unit 160 provides the E MOT to the drive unit.
- Provides to 170 as a result of which the vehicle starts driving.
- the control unit operates the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120 at the same time as driving the vehicle or after starting the driving to charge the battery unit 150. Can start. If T BU does not fall within the proper discharge temperature range and falls within the proper charging temperature range, the control unit prohibits the discharge of the battery unit 150 to prevent the vehicle from running, but the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120 By operating, charging of the battery unit 150 may be started.
- T BU does not fall within the proper charging temperature range (regardless of the proper discharge temperature range) (i.e., T BU is lower than T C-Min )
- the control unit operates the heating unit 130 or the cooling unit 140. Accordingly , after increasing or decreasing T BU to within an appropriate charging temperature range, charging of the battery unit 150 may be started.
- control unit When the control unit starts charging the battery unit 150, charging of the unit 150 may be terminated at the various charging end points described above. However, as described above, the control unit stops charging when the charging rate of the battery unit 150 is about 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, or the discharge rate or discharge depth of the unit 150 is 20%, By stopping charging when it is about 30%, 40%, or 50%, irreversible damage to the battery unit 150 can be minimized.
- control unit determines whether to charge the battery unit 150 by comparing T BU and the appropriate charging temperature range as described above, or determines whether to charge based on the charging rate of the battery unit 150 regardless of T BU. I can.
- Various vehicles, battery units, control units, heating units, cooling units, and the like of the above-described third exemplary aspect may be modified or improved in a structure different from the above, or may be driven or controlled in a manner different from the above.
- the first embodiment of the modification or improvement of the third exemplary aspect is for discharging and charging control of the battery unit
- the second embodiment is for the use of a heating unit using radiant heat
- the third embodiment is one It relates to a battery unit including the above tertiary battery.
- this is the same as the first to third embodiments of the modification or improvement of the first exemplary aspect, further description will be omitted.
- a fourth embodiment of the modification or improvement of the third exemplary aspect described above relates to a structure and method in which the control unit informs the user of the states of various units of the vehicle in various ways.
- control unit may inform the user of an estimated period required for preheating, a preheating completion time, a possible driving speed when starting driving before the preheating is completed, a battery charging rate, and the like using one or more instrument panels. If the battery unit includes a separate battery or separation pack, the control unit also includes the estimated period or estimated time required for preheating of the separated battery or separation pack, the possible driving speed at the start of driving before the preheating is completed, the charging rate, etc. I can tell.
- control unit may notify the user of the charge rate or discharge depth of the separation pack or the fixed pack, battery capacity, and the degree of loss of battery capacity of the separation pack.
- control unit may notify the user to replace the separation pack when the degree of loss of the battery capacity of the separation pack (or fixed pack) exceeds a certain degree.
- a fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification is a variety of control methods when the user turns on the vehicle switch when the temperature of the battery unit of the tandem hybrid vehicle is "high temperature” higher than the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range.
- This is an example of the order of execution and operation.
- this exemplary aspect relates to whether the battery unit is charged or discharged at the "high temperature", various operating states of the engine unit, power generation unit, battery unit, heating unit, etc. of the vehicle, and the order of execution of the operation.
- discharge at a high temperature means a discharge at a temperature higher than an appropriate discharge temperature range, that is, higher than the maximum discharge temperature (T D-Max ).
- discharge at high temperature means charging at a temperature higher than the proper charging temperature range, that is, higher than the maximum charging temperature (T C-Max ).
- the control unit when the control unit discharges the battery unit at a high temperature, the temperature of the unit is higher than the maximum discharge temperature, but the temperature of the unit may be higher or lower than the maximum charging temperature.
- the control unit charges the battery unit at a high temperature, the temperature of the unit is lower than the maximum charging temperature, but the temperature of the unit may be higher or lower than the maximum discharge temperature.
- T D-Max and T C-Max are different according to the battery type, and the user or the control unit may set T D-Max or T C-Max differently for the same battery.
- the battery manufacturer, battery unit manufacturer, vehicle manufacturer, user or control unit can adjust the life of the battery, battery pack, or battery unit by setting T D-Max or T C-Max differently. , You can also adjust when the battery pack or battery unit needs to be replaced.
- T D-Max-1 (or T C-Max-1 ) of the new temperature range may be relatively lower than T D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0) of the existing temperature range.
- the battery unit is discharged (or charged) at T D-Max-1 (or T C-Max-1 ) lower than T D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0), and thus the unit It suffers relatively less irreversible damage than discharging (or charging) at T D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0 ). Therefore, the user does not need to (relatively) frequently replace the battery (or battery pack), thereby minimizing the cost of replacing the battery.
- the control unit will set a new appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range compared to the existing appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range.
- the wide setting can allow high-temperature discharge (or charging) of the battery unit. That is, T D-Max-2 (or T C-Max-2 ) of the new temperature range may be a relatively higher temperature than T D-Min-0 (or T C-Min-0) of the existing temperature range.
- the battery unit is discharged (or charged) at T D-Max-2 (or T C-Max-2 ) higher than T D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0), and the unit is T Compared to the case of discharging (or charging) at D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0), irreversible damage is relatively severe. Thus, the user has to (relatively) replace the battery (or battery pack) more often, which may increase the cost of replacing the battery.
- the user can set the temperature of the battery unit to T D-Max-0 (or T C-Max-0). ), which is relatively higher than T D-Max-2 (or T C-Max-2 ), and then you can start discharging (or charging) the battery unit. That is, the user can wait (relatively) shorter after turning on the vehicle's ignition switch and then start driving the vehicle.
- a battery manufacturer, a battery unit manufacturer, a control unit, a user, etc. may set an appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range in consideration of user convenience and irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- T D-Max or T C-Max is determined, and the control unit may control the battery unit 150 and the heating unit 130 in various ways based on the range or temperature of the battery unit.
- FIG. 4 shows the states of various units of the vehicle in a stopped state in which the ignition switch is turned off.
- the control unit has stopped driving the motor unit 160 and the driving unit 170, and may keep the heating unit 130 and the cooling unit 140 turned off.
- the battery unit 150 starts discharging and provides electric energy to the motor unit 160, and the motor unit 160 is the driving unit 170 ), the vehicle can start driving.
- T BU at the time of turning on the switch is higher than the appropriate discharge temperature range (ie, T D-Max ), the battery unit 150 starts discharging and is irreversibly damaged, and battery capacity may also be lost.
- the control unit of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification may prevent or minimize the damage or loss through various structures or various methods.
- FIG. 7] and [Fig. 8] exemplify various structures and various control methods of a control unit therefor.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification, the order of operation, and the operation states of various units according to the order.
- the control unit or the user turns on the ignition switch (that is, when starting the vehicle)
- the temperature (T BU ) of the battery unit 150 is higher than T D-Max
- the control unit is It corresponds to the structure and method of controlling the discharge of the unit 150.
- the control unit When the control unit or the user switches on the vehicle in a stationary state, the control unit measures T BU. If T BU is lower than T D-Max and higher than T D-Min , the control unit can start discharging the battery unit 150, and accordingly, the vehicle finishes preparing to drive and starts driving.
- the control unit can control the battery unit 150 so as not to discharge as shown in FIG. 7.
- the control unit drives the engine unit 110 to generate mechanical energy, and drives the power generation unit 120 to provide the generated electrical energy to the cooling unit 140.
- the cooling unit 140 may start preliminary cooling of the battery unit 150 using a cooling element. In this case, the control unit may not provide the electric energy to the battery unit 150.
- the control unit While the cooling unit 140 cools some or all of the battery unit 150, the control unit does not start discharging the battery unit 150, and as a result, the battery unit 150 discharges even after the user turns on the switch. Does not start. Therefore, the user cannot start driving the vehicle until the battery unit 150 is cooled. Thereafter, when T BU decreases to T D-Ma (ie, when preliminary cooling is completed), the control unit starts discharging the battery unit 150 and the vehicle can start driving.
- the control unit may pre-cool the battery unit 150 by operating the cooling unit 140 in various patterns. That is, the control unit includes the total number of batteries included in the battery unit 150, the arrangement of the batteries or mechanical or electrical connection characteristics, whether a separation pack is included, the total number of separation packs, the total number of fixed packs, the arrangement of the packs, The battery unit 150 may be pre-cooled in a different pattern according to mechanical or electrical connection characteristics of the packs.
- the first detailed example of the first embodiment is a case in which all batteries are simultaneously discharged when the battery unit 150 including a plurality of batteries is discharged. At this time, if the cooling unit 140 pre-cools only a part of the battery unit 150 and starts discharging, a battery that has not been cooled may be irreversibly damaged. Therefore, the cooling unit 140 is manufactured and arranged to cool the entire battery unit, all batteries, or as many batteries as possible.
- the control unit can prevent the discharge of the battery unit 150 until T BU decreases to T D-Max , and thus can also prevent the motor unit 160 from being driven. Therefore, the vehicle cannot be driven. As a result, even if the user turns on the switch, the vehicle cannot start driving until the preliminary cooling of the battery unit 150 is completed.
- the control unit will follow the above-mentioned before T BU decreases to T D-Max or to the specific temperature, although irreversible damage may be inflicted to the battery. Likewise, discharging of the battery unit 150 may be started (ie, “override”).
- the battery unit 150 of the second detailed example of the first embodiment is manufactured in the form of a single battery pack and includes a plurality of batteries, as in the second detailed example of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect, and is mounted inside the pack.
- the battery is divided into a plurality of sets and has a structure to be mounted. Therefore, using a method similar to the preheating and control method of the second detailed example of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect, the control unit may pre-cool or control a plurality of battery sets of the battery unit 150 of the present detailed example. .
- the control unit can override as described above.
- a battery set that is cooled before another battery set corresponds to the "separated battery”.
- batteries other than the separate battery correspond to the "fixed battery”.
- the battery unit 150 of the third detailed example of the first embodiment is manufactured in the form of a plurality of battery packs similar to the third detailed example of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect and is mounted on the unit 150 Have. Therefore, by using a method similar to the preheating and control method of the third detailed example of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect, the control unit can pre-cool or control the plurality of battery packs of the battery unit 150 of this detailed example. have.
- the vehicle cannot be driven until the preliminary cooling of the specific battery pack (ie, the separation pack) of the battery unit 150 is finished.
- the control unit can override as described above.
- the vehicle when the energy discharged by the separation battery or separation pack of the battery unit 150 reaches a sufficient amount even for the high-speed driving of the vehicle, the vehicle may drive normally. However, if the energy discharged by the separation battery or separation pack does not reach the amount required for normal driving, the vehicle may start driving at a low speed instead of driving normally. On the contrary, if the energy discharged by the separation battery or the separation pack does not reach an amount required for normal driving, the control unit may control the vehicle to stop driving.
- control unit may control to sequentially discharge the fixed batteries of the battery unit 150 or the fixed batteries or fixed packs that have been preliminarily cooled by the cooling unit 140 among the fixed packs. Accordingly, the vehicle increases the speed from the low-speed driving, and can perform the medium-speed driving or the high-speed driving.
- the third detailed example of the various detailed examples of the first embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect has an advantage that other detailed examples cannot provide. The point is that it can be easily separated from the unit 150. In addition, while the fixed pack occupies most of the battery unit 150, the separation pack corresponds to a part of the battery unit 150.
- the control unit starts discharging the separation pack before the preliminary cooling ends, but can prevent discharging of the fixed pack. Accordingly, while the control unit utilizes the separation pack as a replaceable consumable, the fixed packs, which may require high cost for replacement, can be efficiently and easily protected from irreversible damage.
- the advantage that the third detailed example of the present embodiment can provide to the user is similar to the advantage that the third detailed example of the first embodiment of the third exemplary aspect provides to the user, and thus further description will be omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure, operation sequence, and operation states of various units according to the above sequence of the second embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification.
- the control unit or the user turns on the ignition switch (that is, when starting the vehicle)
- the temperature (T BU ) of the battery unit 150 is higher than T D-Max
- the control unit is It corresponds to another structure and method of controlling the discharge of 150.
- the control unit may provide part or all of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160 instead of the battery unit 150. Accordingly, the user may drive the vehicle at low, medium, or high speed according to his or her own needs or according to the amount of energy provided by the power generation unit 120.
- E GEN-C of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 is supplied to the cooling unit 140, and the remaining E GEN-M is directly supplied to the motor unit 160. Do it.
- the control unit may control the battery unit 150 to prevent direct discharge.
- the control unit prohibits discharging in which the battery unit 150 provides energy to the motor unit 160 during preliminary cooling, but may allow charging to receive energy from the power generation unit 120. Alternatively, the control unit may prohibit charging and discharging of the battery unit 150 during preliminary cooling.
- control unit supplies some of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the cooling unit 140 and the rest directly to the motor unit 160
- the battery unit 150 may discharge and provide energy to the motor unit 160.
- the control unit can protect the fixed pack from damage.
- the second embodiment provides additional advantages to the user. That is, the control unit of the second embodiment provides an advantage that the user can drive the vehicle while turning on the switch even at a high temperature where the temperature of the battery unit is higher than the proper discharge temperature.
- the control unit of the first embodiment provides the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the cooling unit 140 and Preliminary cooling may be started, or energy may be provided to the cooling unit 140 and the battery unit 150 to start preliminary cooling of the battery unit 150 and charging of the unit 150.
- the control unit prohibits discharging of the battery unit 150, the vehicle cannot be driven.
- the battery unit 150 starts discharging and the motor unit 160 is driven, so that the vehicle can start driving.
- this may damage some or all of the batteries of the battery unit 150. Therefore, the user who drives the vehicle at the same time as turning on the engine pays the price of damage to the battery.
- the control unit when the user turns on the ignition switch when T BU is higher than T D-Max , the control unit generates all the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160. Can only be provided. Alternatively, the control unit may provide the energy to the cooling unit 140 and the motor unit 160 so that the user starts driving the vehicle with the start of preliminary cooling of the battery unit 150. Accordingly, the user can start driving the vehicle before the preliminary cooling of the battery unit 150 is finished or even before the preliminary cooling of some or all of the battery is finished. However, in this case, the driving speed of the vehicle (for example, low speed, medium speed, or high speed driving) may be determined based on the capacity of the power generation unit 120.
- control unit may discharge a separate battery or a separation pack and provide additional energy to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the user can drive the vehicle at medium or high speed immediately after turning on the switch at a high temperature, while irreversible damage due to high temperature discharge can be limited to a separate battery or a separation pack.
- the control unit drives the engine unit 110 and drives the power generation unit 120 to generate energy.
- It may be provided to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the vehicle provides an advantage of being able to drive irrespective of the temperature of the battery unit 150 or by limiting irreversible damage to the unit 150 to a separate battery or a separation pack.
- the third embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification is a structure related to the control of the cooling unit after starting the vehicle starting when the temperature of the battery unit 150 of the vehicle is higher than T C-Max, the operation sequence, and the above sequence. It's about the back.
- the control unit When the temperature of the battery unit 150 decreases to T D-Max , the control unit causes the battery unit 150 to discharge and supply energy to the motor unit 160.
- the motor unit 160 drives the driving unit 170, and the vehicle can start driving.
- the control unit measures T BU and can drive the cooling unit 140 until T BU is lower than T C-Max.
- the control unit may stop driving the cooling unit 140.
- the control unit may start charging the battery unit 150 by providing energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the battery unit 150 instead of the motor unit 160.
- T BU is out of the proper charging temperature range (i.e., T BU is higher than T C-Max )
- the control unit does not start charging the battery unit 150, until T BU reaches T C-Max.
- the cooling unit 140 can be driven.
- the control unit may provide some or all of the energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160.
- the control unit may provide energy generated by the power generation unit 120 to the motor unit 160. Accordingly, the motor unit 160 is driven at a higher speed, and as a result, the user can also drive the vehicle at a higher speed.
- the fourth embodiment of the fourth exemplary aspect of the present specification is a schematic diagram of the operation state and sequence of various units of the vehicle, in which the user or the control unit starts starting the vehicle when T BU is higher than T C-Max. It is for the charging of the battery unit 150 in.
- the control unit when the user turns on the switch, the control unit measures T BU , and when T BU falls within the proper discharge temperature range, the control unit starts discharging the battery unit 150 and provides E BAT to the motor unit 160. And, the motor unit 160 provides the E MOT to the drive unit 170, as a result of which the vehicle starts driving.
- the control unit operates the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120 at the same time as driving the vehicle or after starting the driving to charge the battery unit 150. Can start.
- the control unit prohibits the discharge of the battery unit 150 and prevents the vehicle from running, but the engine unit 110 and the power generation unit 120 are By operating, charging of the battery unit 150 may be started.
- T BU Regardless of the appropriate discharge temperature T BU does not belong to the proper charging temperature range (i. E. T BU is higher than the T C-Max), the control unit will activate the heating unit 130 and cooling unit 140 to the T BU After increasing or decreasing within an appropriate charging temperature range, the battery unit 150 may be charged. Once the control unit starts charging the battery unit 150, the charging of the unit 150 may be terminated at the various charging end points described above.
- control unit may determine whether to charge the battery unit 150 by comparing the T BU and the appropriate charging temperature range, or determine whether to charge based on the charging rate of the battery unit 150 regardless of T BU. have.
- Various vehicles, battery units, control units, heating units, cooling units of the vehicle, and the like of the fourth exemplary aspect described above may be modified or improved to have a structure different from the above, or may be driven or controlled in a manner different from the above.
- the first embodiment of the modification or improvement of the fourth exemplary aspect relates to discharge control and charge control of the battery unit
- the second embodiment relates to a battery unit including one or more tertiary batteries.
- the description of the two embodiments described above is the same as or similar to the description of the first exemplary aspect and the third exemplary aspect, and thus further description will be omitted.
- a third embodiment of the modification or improvement of the fourth exemplary aspect described above relates to a structure and method in which the control unit informs the user of the states of various units of the vehicle in various ways.
- control unit may notify the user of an estimated period required for preliminary cooling, a completion time of preliminary cooling, a possible driving speed when starting driving before the preliminary cooling is completed, a battery charging rate, and the like using one or more instrument panels.
- the control unit provides the estimated duration or time required for pre-cooling of the detachable battery or detachable pack, the possible driving speed at the start of driving before the pre-cooling is completed, the charging rate, etc. Can inform.
- control unit may notify the user of the charge rate of the separation pack or the fixed pack, the depth of discharge, the battery capacity of the separation pack or the fixed pack, and the degree of loss of the battery capacity of the separation pack.
- control unit may notify the user to replace the separation pack when the degree of loss of the battery capacity of the separation pack (or fixed pack) exceeds a certain degree.
- a fifth exemplary aspect of the present specification is an example of various structures and methods for controlling driving of a hybrid vehicle as well as discharging and charging of the unit based on the temperature T BU of the battery unit.
- this exemplary aspect relates to various structures and methods for controlling the driving of a vehicle according to T BU and an appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature of the unit, as well as control of a heating unit and a cooling unit related thereto.
- the appropriate discharge temperature range and the appropriate charging temperature range of the battery unit of the vehicle overlap each other, but the maximum discharge temperature (T D-Max ) is the maximum charging temperature (T C- It is higher than Max ), and the minimum discharge temperature (T D-Min ) is higher than the minimum charging temperature (T C-Min ).
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charging temperature range of such a battery unit.
- the control unit can control the driving of the hybrid vehicle differently according to the five sections shown in [Fig. 9], that is, (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) and (A5).
- Interval (A1) is the interval where T BU is lower than T C-Min (thus T D-Min ). Therefore, if the battery unit is discharged or charged in the above section, the battery may be irreversibly damaged. Therefore, the control unit preheats the battery in section (A1) and starts charging after the temperature of the battery unit increases to section (A2), or starts discharging after the temperature increases to section (A3). Irreversible damage can be minimized.
- T BU is higher than T C-Min but lower than T D-Min. Therefore, in the above section, it is possible to charge the battery unit while minimizing damage. However, if the battery unit is discharged, it may cause irreversible damage due to low temperature. Accordingly, the control unit preheats the battery unit and starts discharging after the T BU increases from section (A2) to (A3), thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- Section (A3) is a section where T BU is between T D-Min and T C-Max . Therefore, in the above section, the battery unit can be discharged and charged with minimal damage. That is, section A3 corresponds to the temperature range in which the hybrid vehicle can run while discharging and charging.
- T BU is higher than T C-Max but lower than T D-Max. Therefore, the battery unit in section (A4) suffers only minimal damage and can be discharged, but during charging, it suffers irreversible damage due to high-temperature charging. Accordingly, the control unit pre-cools the battery unit in the section A4 and starts charging after the temperature of the battery unit decreases to the section A3, thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- Section (A5) is the case where T BU is higher than T D-Max (thus T C-Max).
- T BU is higher than T D-Max (thus T C-Max).
- the control unit pre-cools the battery and starts discharging after T BU decreases to section (A4), or starts charging after the temperature decreases from section (A5) to section (A3), thereby making the battery unit irreversible. Damage can be minimized.
- the control unit of the first embodiment may control discharging (or charging) of the engine unit, the power generation unit, and the battery unit, driving of the motor unit, and the like in various ways.
- the user may run the vehicle immediately after turning on the switch, or may wait without driving during the preheating or precooling period of the battery unit.
- the user can drive the vehicle only at a low speed, or at a low or medium speed, or at a low, medium or high speed.
- the control unit in the section A1 may control the driving of the vehicle in various ways. For example, in the case of the first detailed example of control in section A1, when the user turns on the switch, the control unit starts the preheating of the battery unit by activating the heating unit. The control unit can inhibit the discharging of the battery unit until T BU increases to section A3. Therefore, even after turning on the ignition switch, the user can wait until T BU is heated to section A3 and then start driving.
- the above control method has a disadvantage in that driving is possible only after a certain period of time has passed after the user turns on the switch.
- the above-described control method provides the advantage of minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit by preventing discharging (or charging) at a temperature lower than the proper discharging (or charging) temperature range, and optimizing the life of the battery unit.
- control unit when the user turns on the switch, the control unit can start discharging the battery unit irrespective of T BU. Therefore, the user can start driving immediately after turning on the ignition switch.
- the battery unit discharges in section A1 and suffers irreversible damage.
- the control unit may discharge all or part of the battery unit (eg, a separate battery or a separation pack).
- the control unit when the control unit discharges the entire battery unit, the user can drive the vehicle at high speed. However, if the control unit discharges only part of the battery unit, the user can drive the vehicle at medium or low speed.
- the battery unit is irreversibly damaged according to the discharge in the section A1.
- the control unit discharges the separation battery or separation pack, thereby protecting the fixed battery or fixed pack from the damage and allowing the user to drive the vehicle.
- the user can drive the vehicle in proportion to the energy that can be generated by the separation battery or separation pack.
- the control unit of this second specific example can start preheating of the battery unit by operating the heating unit at the same time as the battery unit is discharged.
- the control unit may operate the heating unit immediately before or immediately after the battery unit starts discharging.
- control unit may stop driving the heating unit and finish preheating.
- control unit can start discharging or charging the battery unit.
- control unit drives the engine unit to drive the power generation unit, and then can directly provide the electric energy generated by the power generation unit to the motor unit. have. Therefore, the user can start driving the vehicle immediately after turning on the switch even in the section (A1) where T BU does not fall within the proper discharge temperature range.
- control unit can prohibit the discharging of the battery unit until T BU reaches section (A3). Therefore, in the case of this specific example, the speed of the vehicle is determined by the amount of energy that the power generation unit can generate.
- the control unit of this third detailed example drives the power generation unit to generate energy, and at the same time provides some to the motor unit to start driving the vehicle, while providing the rest to the heating unit to start preliminary heating of the battery unit. .
- the control unit may start the heating unit immediately after the vehicle starts to run. Once T BU reaches section A3, the control unit can stop driving the heating unit and finish preheating.
- control unit can execute both the second and third detailed examples described above. Accordingly, the control unit provides the electric energy generated by the power generation unit and the energy discharged and provided by the battery unit to the motor unit, and the user can drive the vehicle at low, medium or high speed.
- Other details of this detailed example are the same as those of the second and third detailed examples described above, and thus further description will be omitted.
- the control unit in section A5 can control the driving of the vehicle in various ways.
- the control of the control unit in the section (A5) is similar to the control in the section (A1), but the control in the section (A5) is the control of the section (A1) while T BU is at a higher temperature than the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range.
- T BU is at a lower temperature than the proper discharge (or charging) temperature range
- the section (A5) starts from a temperature higher than T D-Max
- the section (A1) starts from a temperature lower than T C-Min.
- control unit of the section A5 drives the cooling unit instead of the heating unit and manipulates the temperature of the battery unit, thereby controlling discharging or charging of the battery unit, as well as controlling the driving of the vehicle. Except for the above differences, since the control of the control unit in the section A5 is the same as or similar to the control of the control unit in the section A1, a detailed description will be omitted.
- the control unit for section A2 and section A3 can also control the driving of the vehicle in various ways. However, in section (A2), T BU falls within the proper charging temperature range, while section (A3) is when T BU falls within the appropriate discharge temperature range. Except for this point, since the control in the section A2 and the section A3 is similar or the same as the control in the section A1 or A5, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the control unit of the first embodiment may control charging of the battery unit in various ways. For example, the control unit may start charging the battery unit when the user turns on the switch. In contrast, the control unit can start charging the battery unit only after the preheating or precooling of the battery unit is completed and T BU falls within the proper charging temperature range.
- the control unit can only charge the detachable battery or detachable pack. Accordingly, the control unit may selectively limit irreversible damage caused by low-temperature charging or low-temperature discharge to the separate battery or separation pack. As described above, since various control methods related to charging of the battery unit are similar or identical to the various control methods related to the discharging, further description will be omitted.
- the appropriate discharge temperature range and the appropriate charging temperature range of the battery unit of the vehicle overlap each other, but the maximum discharge temperature (T D-Max ) is the maximum charging temperature (T C- Max ), and the minimum discharge temperature (T D-Min ) is also lower than the minimum charging temperature (T C-Min ).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charging temperature range of the battery unit.
- the control unit can control the driving of the hybrid vehicle differently according to the five sections shown in [Fig. 10], that is, (B1), (B2), (B3), (B4), (B5), and the like.
- Interval (B1) is when T BU is lower than T D-Min (thus T C-Min ). That is, if an attempt is made to discharge or charge the battery unit in section B1, the battery is irreversibly damaged. Therefore, the control unit preheats the battery in section (B1) and starts discharging after the temperature of the battery unit increases to section (B2), or starts charging after the temperature of the battery unit increases to section (B3). Can minimize irreversible damage.
- T BU is higher than T D-Min but lower than T C-Min.
- the battery unit can be discharged with minimal damage, but during charging, it is irreversibly damaged due to low-temperature charging. Accordingly, the control unit preheats the battery unit in the section B2 and starts charging after the temperature of the battery unit increases to the section B3, thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- Section (B3) is a case where T BU is between T C-Min and T D-Max .
- the battery unit suffers minimal damage and both discharging and charging are possible.
- section B3 corresponds to a temperature range in which the hybrid vehicle can drive while discharging and charging.
- Section (B4) is when T BU is higher than T D-Max and lower than T C-Max. That is, in section B4, the battery unit can be charged with minimal damage, but when discharging, it is irreversibly damaged by high-temperature discharge. Accordingly, the control unit pre-cools the battery unit in the section B4 and starts discharging after the temperature of the battery unit decreases to the section B3, thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the battery unit.
- Section (B5) is when T BU is higher than T D-Max and T C-Max. That is, when attempting to discharge and charge the battery unit in section B5, the battery is irreversibly damaged. Accordingly, the control unit pre-cools the battery in section (B5) and starts charging after the temperature of the battery unit decreases to section (B4), or by starting discharging after the temperature decreases to section (B3), Irreversible damage can be minimized.
- the control unit of the second embodiment can also control the discharge of the engine unit, the power generation unit, the battery unit, and the driving of the motor unit in various ways. Accordingly, the user may run the vehicle immediately after turning on the switch, or may not be able to drive the vehicle during the preheating of the battery unit in the section B1 or during the precooling period of the sections B4 and B5. In addition, according to the control, the user can drive the vehicle only at low speed, low speed and medium speed, or at low speed, medium speed and high speed.
- control unit may provide electric energy generated by driving the engine unit and the power generation unit to the motor unit when the user turns on the switch regardless of the T BU to drive the vehicle. If necessary, the control unit can make the vehicle run while discharging all or part of the battery unit, a separate battery or a separation pack, even if the T BU does not fall within the proper discharge temperature range.
- the appropriate discharge (or charging) temperature range of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, but T D-Min and T D-Max of the second embodiment are T C-Min and T C-Max, respectively.
- T D-Min and T D-Max of the first embodiment are higher than T C-Min and T C-Max, respectively.
- the control method of the control unit of the second embodiment is similar or the same as the control method of the control unit of the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed descriptions of various control methods of the control unit of the second embodiment will be omitted.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charging temperature range of the battery unit.
- the control unit can control the driving of the vehicle differently according to the five sections shown in [Fig. 11], that is, (C1), (C2), (C3), (C4) and (C5).
- Section (C1) is a case where T BU is lower than T D-Min and T C-Min , and the features of this section are similar to those of section (B1). Accordingly, the control unit of the section C1 may control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section B1 and control the vehicle driving.
- T BU is higher than T D-Min but lower than T C-Min. Therefore, the characteristic of section (C2) is similar to that of section (B2), and the control unit of section (C2) is the same or similar to the control method in section (B2). Can be controlled.
- Section (C3) has the same characteristics as section (A3) and section (B3). Accordingly, the control unit may control various units of the vehicle and driving of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method of the section (A3) or (B3).
- T BU is higher than T C-Max but lower than T D-Max. Therefore, the characteristics of the section are similar or identical to those of the section (A4). Accordingly, the control unit in the section C4 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section A4, and can also control the driving of the vehicle.
- Section (C5) is a case where T BU is higher than T D-Max and T C-Max , and the features of this section are similar to those of section (A5). Accordingly, the control unit of the section C5 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method of the section A5 and control the driving of the vehicle.
- the appropriate discharge and appropriate charging temperature ranges of the battery unit of the vehicle overlap each other, but the maximum discharge temperature (T D-Max ) is the maximum charging temperature (T C-Max). ), and the minimum charging temperature (T C-Min ) is lower than the minimum discharge temperature (T D-Min ).
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an appropriate discharge and charge temperature range of such a battery unit.
- the control unit can control the driving of the vehicle differently according to the five sections shown in [Fig. 12], that is, (D1), (D2), (D3), (D4) and (D5).
- Section (D1) is a case where T BU is lower than T C-Min and T D-Min , and the features of the section are similar to those of section (A1). Accordingly, the control unit in the section D1 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section A1, and can also control the driving of the vehicle.
- T BU is higher than T C-Min but lower than T D-Min. Therefore, the features of the section (D2) are similar or the same as the features of the section (A2). Accordingly, the control unit in the section D2 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section A2, and can also control the driving of the vehicle.
- Section (D3) has the same characteristics as sections (A3), (B3) and (C3). Accordingly, the control unit of the section D3 may control various units of the vehicle and control the vehicle driving in the same or similar method as the control method of the section A3, B3, or C3.
- T BU is higher than T D-Max , but lower than T C-Max. Therefore, the characteristic of the section (D4) is similar or the same as the characteristic of the section (B4). Accordingly, the control unit in the section D4 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section B4, and can also control the driving of the vehicle.
- Section D5 is a case where T BU is higher than T C-Max and T D-Max , and the features of the section are similar to those of section B5. Accordingly, the control unit in the section D5 can control various units of the vehicle in the same or similar method as the control method in the section B5, and can also control the driving of the vehicle.
- Various hybrid vehicles, battery units, control units, heating units, cooling units, and the like of the fifth exemplary aspect may be modified or improved in a structure different from the above, or may be driven or controlled in a manner different from the above.
- the first embodiment of the modification or improvement of the fifth exemplary aspect relates to discharge control, charge control, etc. of the battery unit
- the second embodiment relates to the use of a heating unit using a radiation phenomenon
- the third embodiment is It relates to a battery unit including one or more tertiary cells. Since the description thereof is the same as the description of the first to fourth exemplary aspects described above, further description will be omitted.
- control unit selectively uses a separation battery or a separation pack based on characteristics of an appropriate discharge temperature range and an appropriate charging temperature range of the battery included in the battery unit.
- the present invention relates to a structure and method capable of allowing a user to easily drive a vehicle while limiting the damage that the battery unit may suffer to a separate battery or a separation pack.
- control unit can discharge and charge the battery unit with minimal irreversible damage to the battery unit in sections (A3), (B3), (C3) and (D3). Accordingly, the vehicle can charge the battery unit using the power generation unit while driving. Thus, as long as the fuel in the engine unit is not exhausted, the vehicle can travel infinite distances.
- the battery unit is discharged and only suffers minimal damage when the vehicle is driven.
- the control unit drives the cooling unit in sections (A4) and (C4) to lower the temperature of the battery unit, or in sections (B2) and (C2) by driving the heating unit to increase the temperature of the battery unit, thereby preventing damage. It is minimized and the battery unit can be charged.
- the battery unit can be charged with minimal damage, but can be damaged if discharged. Therefore, the control unit stops driving the vehicle in the section even if the user turns on the ignition switch, and then drives the cooling unit in sections (B4) and (D4) to lower the temperature of the battery unit, or after sections (A2) and (D2). ), you can start discharging after the temperature of the battery unit rises by driving the heating unit.
- the temperature of the battery unit in the intervals (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) is lower than the appropriate discharge (and charging) temperature range, and in the intervals (A5), (B5), (C5) and (D5).
- the temperature of the battery unit is higher than the proper discharge (and charging) temperature range.
- the control unit can operate the heating unit or the cooling unit to increase or decrease the temperature of the battery unit, and then cause the battery unit to charge or discharge with minimal damage.
- control unit may start discharging the detachable battery or detachable pack when the user turns on the switch, even if the temperature of the battery unit does not fall within the appropriate temperature range. Accordingly, the user can drive the vehicle immediately after starting, regardless of the temperature of the battery unit, and at the same time, damage to the battery unit may be limited to the detachable battery or the detachable pack.
- control unit is a heating unit, a cooling unit, or two units based on various characteristics of the various sections as well as the charge rate, discharge depth, and damage degree of the separate battery or separation pack. It operates both and can minimize damage to the battery unit when discharging or charging.
- control unit may control the separation pack and the fixed pack according to the temperature characteristics rather than the battery characteristics included in the separation pack. Accordingly, the control unit may control the driving of the vehicle as well as the discharging (or charging) of the pack according to the appropriate discharging (or charging) temperature range of the separation pack or the fixed pack.
- control unit may control the separation pack and the fixed pack in consideration of temperature characteristics and discharge depth (ie, discharge rate) of the separation pack.
- control unit considers only the temperature characteristics and may control the discharging (or charging) of the pack as well as the driving of the vehicle.
- a sixth exemplary aspect of the present specification relates to various mechanical or electrical structures of a plurality of batteries mounted inside of a battery unit.
- the battery unit includes a plurality of batteries, and includes one or more electrical connection elements for electrically connecting the batteries in series, parallel or a mixture thereof.
- the battery unit may also have one or more cases to protect the batteries and electrical connection elements from the outside.
- the first embodiment of the sixth exemplary aspect of the present specification relates to a "all-in-one battery unit” in which a plurality of batteries and electrical connection elements connecting them are integrally mounted inside a case.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an exemplary "integrated battery unit", wherein the battery unit 150 includes a plurality of batteries 151 and one or more electrical connection elements 152 electrically connecting them, and a plurality of The battery 151 and the electrical connection element 152 are mounted inside a single case 153 (indicated by a dotted line for convenience of description).
- the battery unit 150 has a structure in which batteries of the same or different types are arranged in a horizontal or vertical direction and then connected with electrical connection elements.
- the battery unit 150 of FIG. 13 11 identical batteries are arranged in a horizontal direction in a row in a lateral direction, and the rows are stacked in a total of 4 layers in a vertical direction, and then they are stacked in series, parallel, or It is electrically connected in a hybrid type.
- a battery unit manufacturer may arrange a plurality of batteries 151 in a specific number of rows or columns according to a specific arrangement and number. If necessary, the manufacturer may arrange the batteries arranged in a row of fives in the form of a specific number of layers in a vertical direction or at a certain angle.
- the manufacturer may connect the batteries 151 with an electrical connection element 152 and connect them 151 with a mechanical connection element. Thereafter, the manufacturer mounts a plurality of electrically connected batteries inside the case 153, but the case 153 may be manufactured in a single layer or multiple layers.
- the battery unit manufacturer may install a plurality of electrical connection elements 152 or mechanical connection elements inside the battery unit 150 and then install a plurality of batteries inside the unit 150. Therefore, the battery 151 is arranged in a specific arrangement, number, layer, etc. inside the case 153.
- the manufacturer seals the case 153.
- the battery 151 and the electrical connection element 152 inside the case 153 can be protected from the outside.
- the battery unit manufacturer may install one or more openable and closed covers on the outside of the case 153.
- the battery unit 150 illustrated in FIG. 13 does not include a cover.
- the battery unit manufacturer manufactures the battery 151 to be electrically firmly connected to the electrical connection element 152 in spite of a mechanical shock from the outside.
- a battery unit manufacturer does not manufacture a user to easily separate a specific battery from the unit 150, but rather manufactures the battery unit as the integral type. In this specification, such a battery unit will be referred to as an "integrated battery unit".
- the battery unit manufacturer manufactures the electrical connection element so that the electrical connection element is electrically connected to the battery and at the same time, the connection is not damaged even when a certain amount of external force is applied. Therefore, in general, electrical connection elements also play a role as mechanical connection elements to some extent.
- the term "mechanical connection element” is not involved in the electrical connection between the battery and the battery unit, and after the battery is mounted in a specific position inside the battery unit according to a specific structure or arrangement, mechanical Refers to the element that provides the force. Therefore, when the battery is mounted and the battery unit starts discharging or charging, it is assumed that electricity flows through the electrical connection element, but no electricity flows through the mechanical connection element.
- the integrated battery unit can arrange a plurality of batteries in a structure different from that of [Fig. 13].
- the battery unit is stacked so that the same or different number of batteries are arranged for each layer, or one or more empty spaces are formed between the batteries in a horizontal or vertical direction, or adjacent batteries in a horizontal or vertical direction can contact each other.
- a predetermined space may be formed between adjacent batteries.
- the integrated battery unit may arrange a plurality of batteries in a plurality of rows and columns on one or more layers, and in this case, the number of rows in the vertical direction may be larger (or less) than the number of batteries included in each layer.
- the above structure is relative, and even if the battery unit manufacturer manufactures a battery unit that is wider than its height, the vehicle manufacturer rotates it by 90° so that it can be used as a battery unit that is higher than the width.
- the manufacturer of the battery unit may determine the type and number of batteries appropriate thereto, and determine how to electrically or mechanically connect the number of batteries. Accordingly, the battery manufacturer can arrange the batteries in a horizontal or vertical direction, and electrically (or mechanically) connect the batteries using a plurality of electrical connection elements (mechanical connection elements if necessary).
- the shape of the battery unit may be different depending on the size or shape of the space inside the vehicle in which the unit is to be mounted.
- a battery unit manufacturer can manufacture a battery unit having a height higher than the width by arranging 10 units of 240 batteries in a horizontal direction and stacking them at a height of 24 layers.
- a manufacturer may manufacture a battery unit with a width wider than the height by arranging 48 batteries in a horizontal direction in the form of 8x6 and stacking them at a height of 5 layers.
- the battery unit manufacturer can manufacture battery units of various shapes or sizes according to user requirements or vehicle requirements. Accordingly, the battery unit of the present specification may have various shapes or sizes as long as it can be mounted in a specific position of various hybrid vehicles of the present specification.
- vehicle manufacturers can mount the integrated battery unit in a hybrid vehicle in various directions.
- a vehicle manufacturer may mount the integrated battery unit so that the top of the integrated battery unit faces up, down, sideways, or at a certain angle.
- the upper part of the integrated battery unit referred to by the battery unit manufacturer may be the same as or different from the upper part of the battery unit referred to by the vehicle manufacturer.
- the integrated battery unit 150 is one or more heat generating elements that heat or cool the entire unit 150, one or more batteries mounted on the unit 150, or one or more battery packs.
- B cooling elements may be included in various positions of the unit 150 according to various arrangements.
- the element when a heat generating (or cooling) element heats (or cools) the battery through a heat transfer phenomenon, the element may be installed to contact the battery or close to the battery.
- the heat generating (or cooling) element heats (or cools) the battery due to convection, it is not necessary to install the element in contact with the battery or close to the battery.
- the elements provide or absorb sufficient energy, they can be mounted anywhere inside or outside the battery unit.
- the battery unit 150 may install a heat generating (or cooling) element between the batteries 151 by separating the batteries 151 at a predetermined distance.
- the distance may be determined according to the size of the battery, the size of the element, and the amount of energy that the element can transfer (or absorb).
- heating (or cooling) efficiency due to convection may be increased.
- the integrated battery unit 150 may include one or more heat transfer elements at various locations inside or outside, and the elements may be disposed in various spaces described above.
- the heat transfer element since the heat transfer element must transfer the heat generated by the heat generating element to the battery or transfer heat from the overheated battery to the cooling element, the heat transfer element is in contact with or close to the battery to be heated or cooled as much as possible. Can be placed. As long as the heat transfer element transfers or absorbs sufficient energy, the element can be mounted anywhere inside or outside the battery unit.
- the user can drive or use the integrated battery unit in various ways.
- the user may discharge or charge the battery unit 150 while driving the vehicle of the present specification in various ways.
- the control unit may inform the user of the damage by providing the signal to the user and inform the user to replace the battery unit 150.
- the control unit When the control unit notifies the replacement of the battery unit 150, the user approaches the battery unit 150 while the vehicle is stopped, and then separates and isolates the entire battery unit 150 from the vehicle. After that, the user mounts the new battery unit in the place where the battery unit 150 was mounted, and completes the battery unit replacement operation.
- the integrated battery unit includes all elements related to the battery therein. Accordingly, an integrated battery unit manufacturer can manufacture the unit relatively easily, and a user can also easily use and replace the battery unit.
- the problem with the all-in-one battery unit is the replacement cost.
- the all-in-one battery unit provides the advantage that it is convenient to manufacture, use, and replace, but the disadvantage that all the batteries of the unit suffer irreversible damage due to discharging (or charging) at low or high temperatures outside the appropriate temperature range. There is this.
- the replacement of the battery unit corresponds to replacement of the entire rechargeable power source of the vehicle, it can be very expensive.
- the cost of a battery unit of a hybrid motorcycle using a lithium-ion battery may correspond to 1/3 to 1/2 of the total cost of the motorcycle.
- the user may try to replace the damaged battery with a new battery after selectively removing the damaged battery from the damaged integrated battery unit 150.
- the user in order for the user to separate the specific battery 151 from the integrated battery unit 150, the user must open the cover of the case 153. However, if a cover is not installed on the case 153, it is almost impossible for a user to separate a specific battery from the unit 150 unless the case 153 is damaged.
- the battery unit 150 may not operate as a whole when the battery is disconnected and remounted and the electrical connection is damaged.
- the hybrid vehicle of the present specification uses a battery unit that can be discharged immediately when the ignition switch is turned on, providing the user with the convenience of starting and driving the vehicle immediately, as well as minimizing the replacement cost of the battery unit, thereby reducing the user's economic burden.
- the embodiments described below are various embodiments capable of minimizing the convenience of driving a vehicle immediately after turning on the ignition switch and minimizing the cost of replacing a damaged battery.
- the battery unit of the second embodiment of the sixth exemplary aspect of the present specification mounts a plurality of batteries and electrical connection elements inside the case, but some of the batteries can be relatively easily separated from the battery unit compared to the rest. It is the case where it is arranged so that it is possible.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of this "partially separated battery unit", and for convenience of explanation, only the upper part of the case of the battery unit is indicated by hatching.
- the battery unit 150 of [Fig. 14] includes a plurality of batteries 151R and 151S, and a plurality of electrical connection elements 152R and 152S.
- the electrical connection elements are mounted inside a single case 153 indicated by a dotted line.
- the "partially separated battery unit 150" of the second embodiment includes one or more easily detachable batteries 151R (hereinafter referred to as “separated batteries”) and a plurality of remaining batteries ( 151S) (hereinafter referred to as “fixed battery”).
- some of the separated battery units 150 may include a larger number of fixed batteries 151S than the separated battery 151R.
- the ratio of the separated battery 151R and the fixed battery 151S is 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:10, 1:8, 1:6, 1:5, 1: It may be 3, 1:2, etc.
- the unit 150 may include more or the same number of separate batteries 151R than the fixed battery 151S.
- the "partial separated battery unit 150" illustrated in FIG. 14 includes a total of 44 batteries, 7 of which are indicated by hatching are separated batteries 151R, and the remaining 37 are fixed batteries 151S.
- the battery unit 150 includes a case 153 to which one or more covers 153T that can be opened or closed are attached, and a separate battery 151R is disposed under the cover 153T.
- the detachable battery 151R of the unit 150 is electrically connected by a detachable electrical connection element 152R, while the fixed battery 151S is electrically connected by a fixed electrical connection element 152S.
- the detachable electrical connection element 152R may be electrically connected to or isolated from the fixed electrical connection element 152S.
- the detachable electrical connection element 152R can be easily moved or deformed by only applying a relatively small force or a small number of operations compared to the fixed electrical connection element 152S, or can be easily separated from the case 153. It is made so that it is.
- the fixed electrical connection element 152S may be moved or deformed only through applying a relatively strong force or a greater number of manipulations, or may be manufactured to be fixed to the case 153.
- the user can relatively easily separate the detachable battery 151R connected by the detachable electrical connection element 152R from the detachable electric connection element 152R compared to the fixed battery 151S connected by the fixed electrical connection element 152S. have.
- the user can easily remove it to the outside of the battery unit 150.
- relatively easy separation means separation by a relatively small number of manipulations, separation by releasing a relatively small number of electrical or mechanical bonding, and relatively small number of the case 153 for separation. It refers to one or more of possible separation after breakage, or possible separation by applying relatively little force.
- the battery unit manufacturer may install the detachable electrical connection element 152R so that it is fixed and attached to the inside of the battery unit 150. Therefore, even after the user separates the separate battery 151R from the battery unit 150, the detachable electrical connection element 152R remains in the battery unit 150.
- the manufacturer provides a detachable electrical connection element 152R so that when the detachable battery 151R is detached from the battery unit 150, all or part of the detachable electrical connection element 152R connected to the battery 151R is also detached. You can also make it.
- the user separates the separation battery 151R and the connection element 152R connected thereto to the outside of the battery unit 150 together. Thereafter, the user separates the detachable connection element 152R from the detachable battery 151R, disposes of the battery, connects a new battery to the connection element 152R, and then mounts them to the battery unit 150. I can.
- the user may connect new batteries to the new electrical connection elements and then mount them to the battery unit 150.
- the case 153 may include one or more covers 153T that can be opened and closed on one or more surfaces.
- the battery unit 150 of FIG. 14 includes a pair of covers 153T at the top, and the cover 153T is manufactured so that the user can easily access the inside of the battery unit 150 when it is opened. do.
- the detachable battery 151R may be mounted near the cover 153T. Accordingly, when the cover is opened, it may be arranged so that the user can relatively easily check the separated battery 151R or take it out of the case 153.
- the cover 153T may be installed on the upper surface, side or lower surface of the case 153, and is connected from the upper side to the side, the side to the lower side, or from one side to the other. It can be manufactured in a form that is connected to each other.
- the cover 153T can be manufactured in various sizes or shapes, and as long as the user can easily isolate the detachable battery 151R to the outside of the case 153, the size, shape, opening and closing direction, or mounting position, etc. are important. I can't.
- the user can drive some of the separated battery units illustrated in [Fig. 14] in various ways.
- the control unit can also control some of the separated battery units of [Fig. 14] in various ways.
- the battery unit starts discharging (charging) and the vehicle wants to start driving.
- the temperature of the battery unit is lower or higher than the proper discharging (or charging) temperature, the battery unit starting discharging (or charging) is irreversibly damaged.
- the control unit of the vehicle including some separated battery units starts discharging only the separated battery, and the vehicle can start driving. Accordingly, irreversible damage caused by discharge at low or high temperatures is limited to the separate battery, and since the fixed battery does not discharge at low or high temperatures, damage can be avoided.
- the control unit may operate the engine unit and the power generation unit at the same time as the separation battery is discharged, before or after, to provide the electric energy generated by the power generation unit to the motor unit.
- the control unit activates the heating (or cooling) unit and increases (or decreases) the temperature of the battery unit.
- the control unit can start discharging the fixed battery.
- the control unit can also stop discharging the separate battery at the same time, immediately before or immediately after this. As the control unit stops discharging (or charging) the fixed battery until the T BU reaches an appropriate range, the fixed battery can minimize the damage.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 전기를 이용하여 주행하는 하이브리드 차량에 있어서,화석 연료를 연소하여 생성한 열 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 변환하는 하나 이상의 엔진 유닛;상기 엔진 유닛으로부터 제공받은 상기 기계적 에너지를 전기 에너지로 변환하는 하나 이상의 발전 유닛;상기 발전 유닛으로부터 제공받는 상기 전기 에너지를 충전을 통하여 저장하고 방전을 통하여 방출하는 하나 이상의 배터리 유닛;상기 배터리 유닛의 하나 이상의 부위의 온도를 측정하는 하나 이상의 온도 센서;상기 방전을 통해 제공받은 상기 전기 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 변환하고, 상기 기계적 에너지를 이용하여 상기 차량을 구동하는 하나 이상의 모터 유닛;상기 생성, 제공, 변환, 충전, 저장, 방전, 방출 및 구동 중 하나 이상을 제어할 수 있는 제어 유닛을 포함하되,상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 케이스를 포함하고, 상기 케이스 내부에 하나 이상의 분리 배터리 및 하나 이상의 고정 배터리를 포함하며, 상기 분리 배터리 및 고정 배터리는 각각 적정 방전 온도 범위와 적정 충전 온도 범위를 가지며,상기 케이스는 개폐가 가능한 하나 이상의 덮개를 포함하되, 상기 덮개는 상기 고정 배터리보다 상기 분리 배터리에 더 가깝도록 설치됨으로써, 사용자가 상기 덮개를 개방하면 상기 고정 배터리보다 상기 분리 배터리를 더 용이하게 접근할 수 있으며.상기 온도 센서가 측정한 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 이내이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리를 방전시키는 반면, 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 분리 배터리를 방전시키며,따라서 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖의 방전 시, 상기 방전에 의한 상기 고정 배터리의 손상은 줄이며, 상기 분리 배터리가 상기 방전에 의한 손상을 입도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리는 상기 고정 배터리에 비하여 상대적으로 적은 힘을 가해도 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 전기적 방법 및 기계적 방법 중 하나의 방법으로 용이하게 분리될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리와 상기 고정 배터리는 동일한 종류의 2차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 2차전지는 리튬 이온 배터리인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리와 상기 고정 배터리는 상이한 종류의 2차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 분리형 전기 연결 요소 및 하나 이상의 고정 전기 연결 요소를 포함하고,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소는 상기 분리 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되고, 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 고정 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리 배터리를 상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소로부터 기계적으로 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘이 상기 고정 배터리를 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소로부터 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘보다 적은 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 분리형 전기 연결 요소 및 하나 이상의 고정 전기 연결 요소를 포함하고,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소는 상기 분리 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되고, 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 고정 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소와 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 배터리 유닛에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리 배터리가 연결된 상태에서 상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소를 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 기계적으로 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘이 상기 고정 배터리가 연결된 상태에서 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소를 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘보다 적은 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 온도 센서가 측정한 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 이내이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리를 충전시키는 반면, 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 밖이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 분리 배터리를 충전시키며,따라서 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 밖의 충전 시, 상기 충전에 의한 상기 고정 배터리의 손상은 줄이며, 상기 분리 배터리가 상기 충전에 의한 손상을 입도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖인 경우, 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리를 방전하지 않은 채 상기 분리 배터리의 방전을 통하여 방출되는 전기 에너지를 이용하여 상기 모터 유닛을 구동하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖인 경우, 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리의 방전 및 상기 분리 배터리의 방전을 통하여 방출되는 전기 에너지를 이용하여 상기 모터 유닛을 구동하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 전기를 이용하여 주행하는 하이브리드 차량에 있어서,연료를 연소하여 발생하는 열 에너지를 제1 기계적 에너지로 변환할 수 있는 하나 이상의 엔진 유닛;상기 엔진 유닛으로부터 상기 제1 기계적 에너지의 최소한 일부를 제공받으며, 이를 제1 전기 에너지로 변환할 수 있는 하나 이상의 발전 유닛;상기 발전 유닛으로부터 상기 제1 전기 에너지의 최소한 일부를 제공받으며, 이를 충전을 통하여 제2 전기 에너지로 저장할 수 있고, 저장된 상기 제2 전기 에너지의 최소한 일부를 방전을 통하여 제3 전기 에너지로 배출할 수 있는 하나 이상의 배터리 유닛;상기 배터리 유닛의 하나 이상의 부위의 온도를 측정하는 하나 이상의 온도 센서;상기 제3 전기 에너지의 최소한 일부를 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 제공받으며, 이를 제2 기계적 에너지로 변환할 수 있는 모터 유닛;상기 모터 유닛으로부터 상기 제2 기계적 에너지의 최소한 일부를 제공받고, 이를 이용하여 상기 차량을 구동하는 구동 유닛; 및상기 변환, 제공, 충전, 저장, 방전, 배출 및 구동 중 하나 이상을 제어할 수 있는 제어 유닛을 포함하되,상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 분리 배터리 및 하나 이상의 고정 배터리를 포함하며, 상기 분리 배터리 및 상기 고정 배터리는 각각 적정 방전 온도 범위와 적정 충전 온도 범위를 가지며,상기 케이스는 개폐가 가능한 하나 이상의 덮개를 포함하되, 상기 덮개는 상기 고정 배터리보다 상기 분리 배터리에 더 가깝도록 설치됨으로써, 사용자가 상기 덮개를 개방하면 상기 고정 배터리보다 상기 분리 배터리를 더 용이하게 접근할 수 있으며.상기 온도 센서가 측정한 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 이내이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리를 방전시키는 반면, 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 분리 배터리를 방전시키며,따라서 상기 적정 방전 온도 범위 밖의 방전 시, 상기 방전에 의한 상기 고정 배터리의 손상은 줄이며, 상기 분리 배터리가 상기 방전에 의한 손상을 입도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리는 상기 고정 배터리에 비하여 상대적으로 적은 힘을 가해도 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 전기적 방법 및 기계적 방법 중 하나의 방법으로 용이하게 분리될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리와 상기 고정 배터리는 동일한 종류의 2차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 2차전지는 리튬 이온 배터리인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 분리 배터리와 상기 고정 배터리는 상이한 종류의 2차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 분리형 전기 연결 요소 및 하나 이상의 고정 전기 연결 요소를 포함하고,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소는 상기 분리 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되고, 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 고정 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리 배터리를 상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소로부터 기계적으로 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘이 상기 고정 배터리를 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소로부터 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘보다 적은 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 배터리 유닛은 하나 이상의 분리형 전기 연결 요소 및 하나 이상의 고정 전기 연결 요소를 포함하고,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소는 상기 분리 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되고, 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 고정 배터리에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소와 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소는 상기 배터리 유닛에 전기적으로 연결되며,상기 분리 배터리가 연결된 상태에서 상기 분리형 전기 연결 요소를 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 기계적으로 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘이 상기 고정 배터리가 연결된 상태에서 상기 고정 전기 연결 요소를 상기 배터리 유닛으로부터 분리하기 위하여 필요한 힘보다 적은 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 온도 센서가 측정한 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 이내이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 고정 배터리를 충전시키는 반면, 상기 부위의 상기 온도가 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 밖이면 상기 제어 유닛은 상기 분리 배터리를 충전시키며,따라서 상기 적정 충전 온도 범위 밖의 충전 시, 상기 충전에 의한 상기 고정 배터리의 손상은 줄이며, 상기 분리 배터리가 상기 충전에 의한 손상을 입도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 하이브리드 차량.
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