WO2021035781A1 - 一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法 - Google Patents

一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法 Download PDF

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WO2021035781A1
WO2021035781A1 PCT/CN2019/104273 CN2019104273W WO2021035781A1 WO 2021035781 A1 WO2021035781 A1 WO 2021035781A1 CN 2019104273 W CN2019104273 W CN 2019104273W WO 2021035781 A1 WO2021035781 A1 WO 2021035781A1
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bot
data
stop
face
plane
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孙清超
赵斌斌
汪云龙
刘亮
穆晓凯
孙克鹏
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/10—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B5/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B5/252—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes for measuring eccentricity, i.e. lateral shift between two parallel axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/02—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
    • F16D1/033—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges

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  • the invention relates to a method for characterizing a rotating body part including an interference stop, in particular to the characterizing of a rotating body part based on the data of the measured mating surface runout.
  • Revolving parts are typical parts in rotating machinery such as wind power equipment and engine rotors. Since the mating surface of the revolving parts is not an ideal plane, but a surface with certain topographic features, when assembling the revolving parts, if Regardless of the influence of the mating surface features, it will cause a certain deviation between the predicted value of the assembly accuracy and the true value, making the product assembly quality impossible to guarantee, and even leading to product failure. Therefore, in the assembly prediction process, it is particularly important to realize the accurate characterization of the part feature quantity.
  • the present invention starts with point cloud fitting technology and homogeneous coordinate transformation technology. Based on the measured runout data of the mating surface of typical rotating parts, the corresponding fitting method is used to simulate the measured end face runout data and radial runout data. Combining with the corresponding microscopic morphological features, combining with the macro-nominal size of the part itself, a calculation model for characterizing typical rotating parts with a stop is established.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for characterizing typical rotating parts based on measured runout data, so as to realize accurate and efficient prediction of subsequent assembly accuracy.
  • a method for characterizing typical rotating parts based on measured runout data the steps are as follows:
  • step 2) Preprocess the original runout data obtained in step 1), because the data obtained by the cylindricity measurement is only a vector matrix with n rows and 1 column, that is, the data on the end face is the axial one-dimensional runout value, and the data at the stop It is the radial one-dimensional runout value; according to the actual measured radius values r bot and r top at the end of the circle, the radius values R bot and R top at the stop are measured, combined with the measured runout data, and the corresponding method is used to obtain the mating surface The three-dimensional coordinate data of the space;
  • the processing method is as follows:
  • the X and Y coordinates of the bottom stop measuring point position are:
  • step 3 Perform a least squares method to fit the data obtained in step 2), and extract the corresponding feature quantity;
  • the extraction method is as follows:
  • the least squares plane is used to fit the processed end face data D′, and the fitting plane equation is:
  • This plane can be regarded as an ideal plane generated by rotating a certain angle around the X-axis and Y-axis respectively, and the corresponding deflection angles are:
  • a typical rotating part can extract 4 eccentric features from the processed spigot surface data, namely: dX bot , dY bot , dX top , and dY top .
  • the least squares circle is used to fit the processed lip surface data dR′, and the circle equation after fitting is:
  • R 2 (x-dX bot ) 2 +(y-dY bot ) 2
  • a typical rotating part can extract 4 eccentric features from the processed spigot surface data, namely: dX bot , dY bot , dX top , and dY top .
  • the corresponding data processing of the measured runout data of its mating surface can be obtained: the deflection angle characteristic quantities of the upper and lower end faces of the revolving part d ⁇ x_bot , d ⁇ y_bot , d ⁇ x_top , d ⁇ y_top , the eccentric characteristic quantities dX bot , dY bot , dX top , dY top at the stop of the upper and lower parts;
  • the feature quantity of the part extracted in step 3) is expressed in matrix form, because most of the spigot connection form is short spigot connection, and the position of the measuring point of the spigot is very close to its neighboring end face, which is in line with the axis of the part. Compared to the height Z, the axial distance between the position of the stop point and the adjacent end face is negligible, so the end surface topography feature quantity and the stop top topography feature quantity are coupled into a spatial circular plane; for any one with a stop For the slewing part of the mouth, it contains two circular planes at the bottom and the top. As shown in Figure 1, the corresponding bottom and top circular planes are respectively expressed as:
  • the bottom circular plane has become an ideal circular plane, which no longer contains the topographic feature quantity, and the top circular plane's topography is coupled to the top circular plane;
  • M P' top , and use matrix M to characterize a typical rotating part including microscopic topographic features and macroscopic axial height, and use it in the subsequent assembly accuracy calculation process.
  • the present invention proposes a matrix form characterization method that comprehensively considers the microscopic runout data and the macroscopic axial size for the characterization of the rotating part containing the shape data, and the method can be applied to the assembly accuracy calculation process , Only one matrix M can be used to characterize a single part that contains morphological features, which simplifies the calculation process of accuracy transfer, and provides an efficient calculation model for the prediction of assembly accuracy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the space circle plane of a typical rotating body part.
  • Figure 2 shows the transformation process of the circular plane at the bottom of the part.
  • Figure 3a shows the measured end-face runout data of aero-engine compressor rotor parts.
  • Figure 3b shows the measured radial runout data of the aero-engine compressor rotor parts.
  • Figure 4a shows the least squares fitting plane.
  • Figure 4b shows the least squares fitting circle.
  • a company’s existing iMap4 integrated measurement and assembly platform is used to measure the rotor.
  • Each end face measures two sets of runout data of the inner ring and the outer ring, and each stop measures only one set of radial runout data.
  • the measured data are as follows Shown in Figure 3.
  • the axial height of the part Z 120.
  • the least squares plane fitting is performed on the spatial point cloud data at the processed end face
  • the least square circle fitting is performed on the spatial point cloud data at the processed end face
  • the transformation matrix of the bottom circular plane can be obtained.
  • the transformed top circular plane matrix P′ top can be obtained.
  • M P' top , and use matrix M to characterize engine rotor parts considering the features of the mating surface of the parts and the macro-axial dimension.

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Abstract

一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法，针对包含形貌数据的回转体零件表征，通过一种综合考虑微观跳动数据和宏观轴向尺寸的矩阵形式表征，另外该方法可以应用到装配精度计算过程中，仅采用一个矩阵M即可表征包含形貌特征量的单个零件，简化了精度传递的计算过程，为装配精度的预测提供了一种高效计算模型。

Description

一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含过盈止口的回转体零件的表征方法，特别是针对基于实测配合面跳动数据的回转体零件表征。
背景技术
回转体零件是风电设备，发动机转子等旋转机械中的典型零部件，由于回转体零件配合面不是理想的平面，而是带有一定的形貌特征的表面，对回转体零件进行装配时，如果不考虑配合面形貌特征的影响，将会导致装配体精度的预测值与真实值之间产生一定的偏差，使得产品装配质量无法保证，甚至导致产品失效。因此在装配预测过程中，实现零件特征量的精确表征显得尤为重要。
长期以来，国内外学者对带有配合面形貌零件的表征开展了大量的研究。目前较为普遍的方法是对零件的每个配合面分别采用小位移旋量进行表征，但是一个零件往往具有多个配合表面，需要用多个小位移旋量矩阵才能完整的表征一个零件所有配合面处的微观形貌，另外，该表征方法只能实现配合面微观形貌的表征，忽略了零件本身宏观尺寸，而在装配过程中，零件宏观尺寸与配合面形貌之间的耦合作用将会对装配精度预测产生一定影响。因此，为了实现装配精度的精准高效预测，亟需一种既含有配合面微观形貌特征，又含有宏观关键尺寸的典型回转体零件的表征模型。
为了解决上述问题，本发明从点云拟合技术、齐次坐标变换技术入手，基于实测典型回转体零件配合面跳动数据，采用相应的拟合方法对实测端面跳动数据和径向跳动数据进行拟合，并提取相应的微观形貌特征量，结合零件自身的宏观公称尺寸，建立了用于表征带有止口的典型回转体零件的计算模型。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件的表征方法，从而实现后续的装配精度的精准、高效预测。
本发明的技术方案：
一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法，步骤如下：
1)采用圆柱度仪对回转体零件的配合面进行测量，获得底部端面跳动数据D bot，底部止口径向跳动数据dR bot，顶部端面跳动数据D top，顶部止口径向跳动数据dR top；
2)对步骤1)获得的原始跳动数据进行预处理，由于圆柱度仪测量获得的数据只是n行1列的向量矩阵，即端面的数据为轴向的一维跳动值，止口处的数据为径向的一维跳动值；根据实际测量圆端面处的半径值r bot、r top，测量止口处的半径值R bot、R top，结合实测跳动数据，采用相应方法处理获得配合面处的空间三维坐标数据；
处理方法如下：
对于底部端面数据来说，令
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000001
底部端面测点位置X向、Y向坐标为：
X Dbot(i)＝r bot×cosθ (i)，i＝1、2…n-1、n
Y Dbot(i)＝r bot×sinθ (i)，i＝1、2…n-1、n
综合底部端面测点位置X向、Y向坐标X Dbot、Y Dbot和底部端面跳动数据D bot，获得处理后的底部端面空间坐标矩阵D′ bot，同理可得顶部端面空间坐标矩阵D′ top。
对于底部止口径向跳动数据来说，根据径向跳动数据dR bot和测量半径值和R bot，底部止口测点位置X向、Y向坐标为：
X Rbot(i)＝(R bot+dR bot(i))×cosθ (i)
Y Rbot(i)＝(R bot+dR bot(i))×sinθ (i)
由于止口在装配中其定心作用，主要关注它圆心的位置，因此令Z Rbot＝O n×1；综合底部止口跳动测量位置X向、Y向、Z向坐标X Rbot、Y Rbot、Z bot，获得处理后的底部止口面空间坐标矩阵dR′ bot，同理可获得顶部止口面空间坐标矩阵dR′ top。
3)对步骤2)获得的数据进行最小二乘法进行拟合，并提取相应的特征量；
提取方法如下：
对处理后的端面数据D′采用最小二乘平面进行拟合，拟合平面方程为：
Ax+By+Cz+D＝0
该平面可看作一个理想平面分别绕X轴和Y轴旋转一定角度产生，相应偏转角度分别为：
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000002
一个典型回转体零件可以从处理后的止口面数据中提取4个偏心特征量，分别为：dX bot,dY bot,dX top,dY top。
对处理后的止口面数据dR′采用最小二乘圆进行拟合，拟合后的圆方程为：
R 2＝(x-dX bot) 2+(y-dY bot) 2
一个典型回转体零件可以从处理后的止口面数据中提取4个偏心特征量，分别为：dX bot,dY bot,dX top,dY top。
因此，对于任意一个带有止口的回转体零件，通过对其配合面的实测跳动数据进行相应的数据处理可获得：回转体零件的上下两端面的偏转角特征量dθ x_bot、dθ y_bot、dθ x_top、dθ y_top，上下端零件止口处的偏心特征量dX bot、dY bot、dX top、dY top；
4)对步骤3)中提取的零件特征量采用矩阵形式进行表示，由于大部分的止口连接形式为短止口连接，且止口的测点位置与其临近的端面十分接近，与零 件的轴向高度Z相比，止口测点位置与临近端面的轴向距离忽略不计，因此将端面形貌特征量与止口形貌特征量耦合为一个空间上的圆平面；对于任何一个带有止口的回转体零件来说，包含底部和顶部两个空间上的圆平面，如图1所示，对应的底部圆平面和顶部圆平面分别表示为：
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000004
5)对步骤4)获得的零件底部圆平面进行空间调心调倾处理，整个过程如图2所示，首先将底部圆平面的圆心位置调至绝对坐标原点，然后将底部圆平面的空间倾斜量调为0；即底部平面由一个带有一定偏心量和偏斜量的空间圆平面变为一个圆心位于绝对坐标原点的理想圆平面，理想圆平面可用4阶单位矩阵E来表示，整个变换过程为：
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000005
即：
T×P bot＝E
则顶部圆平面发生同样的变换，变换过程为：
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000006
即：
T×P top＝P′ top
此时，底部圆平面已经变为理想圆平面，已经不包含形貌特征量，底部圆平面的形貌耦合到顶部圆平面上；
令M＝P′ top，用矩阵M来表征一个包含微观形貌特征及宏观轴向高度的典型回转体零件，并用于以后的装配精度计算过程中。
本发明的有益效果：本发明针对包含形貌数据的回转体零件表征，提出了一种综合考虑微观跳动数据和宏观轴向尺寸的矩阵形式表征方法，另外该方法可以应用到装配精度计算过程中，仅采用一个矩阵M即可表征包含形貌特征量的单个零件，简化了精度传递的计算过程，为装配精度的预测提供了一种高效计算模型。
附图说明
图1为典型回转体零件的空间圆平面示意图。
图2为零件底部圆平面的变换过程。
图3a为航空发动机压气机转子零件实测端面跳动数据。
图3b为航空发动机压气机转子零件实测止口径向跳动数据。
图4a为最小二乘拟合平面。
图4b为最小二乘拟合圆。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点描述的更加清楚，下面以一个典型的回转体零件(某型发动机转子零件)为例，结合本发明实例中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行完整的描述。
采用某公司现有的iMap4综合测量装配平台对该转子件进行测量，其中每一个端面测量内圈和外圈两组跳动数据，每一个止口只测量一组径向跳动数据，测量的数据如图3所示。
测试过程中的测点位置为：r bot1＝123，r bot2＝133，r top1＝168，r top2＝178，R bot＝120,R top＝165。零件的轴向高度Z＝120。采用步骤2中 的方法对实测数据进行处理，可以获得端面处的空间点云数据D bot_n×3、D top_n×3和止口处的空间点云数据dR bot_n×3、dR top_n×3。
对处理后的端面处的空间点云数据进行最小二乘平面拟合，对处理后的止口处的空间点云数据进行最小二乘圆拟合，拟合效果如图4所示。
通过拟合可以提取相应的配合面形貌特征量，如表1所示：
形貌特征量 数值
dθ x_bot(10 -5rad) 0.5129
dθ y_bot(10 -5rad) 2.0986
dθ x_top(10 -5rad) -1.0230
dθ y_top(10 -5rad) 1.5391
dX bot(10 -6m) -4.1
dY bot(10 -6m) -2.7
dX top(10 -6m) -2.2
dY top(10 -6m) 3.5
将表1中的形貌特征量数据以及零件轴向高度Z分别代入到矩阵P bot和P top中，获得零件底部圆平面矩阵和顶部圆平面矩阵。
采用矩阵变换的方法对底部圆平面矩阵进行调心调倾，采用步骤5所叙述的方法，可以得到底部圆平面的变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000007
令顶部圆平面矩阵P top左乘矩阵T，即可获得变换后的顶部圆平面矩阵P′ top。
Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-000008
令M＝P′ top，用矩阵M来表征考虑零件配合面形貌特征及宏观轴向尺寸的发动机转子零件。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种基于实测跳动数据的典型回转体零件表征方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
    1)采用圆柱度仪对回转体零件的配合面进行测量，获得底部端面跳动数据D bot，底部止口径向跳动数据dR bot，顶部端面跳动数据D top，顶部止口径向跳动数据dR top；
    2)对步骤1)获得的原始跳动数据进行预处理，由于圆柱度仪测量获得的数据只是n行1列的向量矩阵，即端面的数据为轴向的一维跳动值，止口处的数据为径向的一维跳动值；根据实际测量圆端面处的半径值r bot、r top，测量止口处的半径值R bot、R top，结合实测跳动数据，采用相应方法处理获得配合面处的空间三维坐标数据；
    处理方法如下：
    对于底部端面数据来说，令
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100001
    底部端面测点位置X向、Y向坐标为：
    X Dbot(i)＝r bot×cosθ (i)，i＝1、2…n-1、n
    Y Dbot(i)＝r bot×sinθ (i)，i＝1、2…n-1、n
    综合底部端面测点位置X向、Y向坐标X Dbot、Y Dbot和底部端面跳动数据D bot，获得处理后的底部端面空间坐标矩阵D′ bot，同理可得顶部端面空间坐标矩阵D′ top；
    对于底部止口径向跳动数据来说，根据径向跳动数据dR bot和测量半径值和R bot，底部止口测点位置X向、Y向坐标为：
    X Rbot(i)＝(R bot+dR bot(i))×cosθ (i)
    Y Rbot(i)＝(R bot+dR bot(i))×sinθ (i)
    由于止口在装配中其定心作用，主要关注它圆心的位置，因此令Z Rbot＝0 n×1；综合底部止口跳动测量位置X向、Y向、Z向坐标X Rbot、Y Rbot、Z bot，获得处理后的底部止口面空间坐标矩阵dR′ bot，同理可获得顶部止口面空间坐标矩阵dR′ top；
    3)对步骤2)获得的数据进行最小二乘法进行拟合，并提取相应的特征量；
    提取方法如下：
    对处理后的端面数据D′采用最小二乘平面进行拟合，拟合平面方程为：
    Ax+By+Cz+D＝0
    该平面可看作一个理想平面分别绕X轴和Y轴旋转一定角度产生，相应偏转角度分别为：
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100002
    一个典型回转体零件可以从处理后的端面数据中提取4个偏斜特征量，分别为：dθ x_bot,dθ y_bot,dθ x_top,dθ y_top；
    对处理后的止口面数据dR′采用最小二乘圆进行拟合，拟合后的圆方程为：
    R 2＝(x-dX) 2+(y-dY) 2
    一个典型回转体零件可以从处理后的止口面数据中提取4个偏心特征量，分别为：dX bot,dY bot,dX top,dY top；
    因此，对于任意一个带有止口的回转体零件，通过对其配合面的实测跳动数据进行相应的数据处理可获得：回转体零件的上下两端面的偏转角特征量dθ x_bot、dθ y_bot、dθ x_top、dθ y_top，上下端零件止口处的偏心特征量dX bot、dY bot、dX top、dY top；
    4)对步骤3)中提取的零件特征量采用矩阵形式进行表示，由于大部分的止口连接形式为短止口连接，且止口的测点位置与其临近的端面十分接近，与零件的轴向高度Z相比，止口测点位置与临近端面的轴向距离忽略不计，因此将端面形貌特征量与止口形貌特征量耦合为一个空间上的圆平面；对于任何一个带有止口的回转体零件来说，包含底部和顶部两个空间上的圆平面，对应的底部圆平面和顶部圆平面分别表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100004
    5)对步骤4)获得的零件底部圆平面进行空间调心调倾处理，首先将底部圆平面的圆心位置调至绝对坐标原点，然后将底部圆平面的空间倾斜量调为0；即底部平面由一个带有一定偏心量和偏斜量的空间圆平面变为一个圆心位于绝对坐标原点的理想圆平面，理想圆平面可用4阶单位矩阵E来表示，整个变换过程为：
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100005
    即：
    T×P bot＝E
    则顶部圆平面发生同样的变换，变换过程为：
    Figure PCTCN2019104273-appb-100006
    即：
    T×P top＝P′ top
    此时，底部圆平面已经变为理想圆平面，已经不包含形貌特征量，底部圆平面的形貌耦合到顶部圆平面上；
    令M＝P′ top，用矩阵M来表征一个包含微观形貌特征及宏观轴向高度的回转体零件，并用于以后的装配精度计算过程中。
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