WO2021032848A1

WO2021032848A1 - Device and method for measuring an adaptive force

Info

Publication number: WO2021032848A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/073361
Authority: WO
Inventors: Frank Bittmann; Laura Schaefer
Original assignee: Universität Potsdam
Priority date: 2019-08-20
Filing date: 2020-08-20
Publication date: 2021-02-25
Also published as: DE112020003465A5; DE102019132809A1

Abstract

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for detecting and training an adaptive force, having at least one weight container, the interior volume of which can be filled with a liquid or a bulk material, at least one interface for a force exerted by a test subject, at least one assembly for transferring a tensile force between the weight container and the interface, and at least one force sensor and at least one position and/or motion sensor, wherein the weight of the weight container is variable by supplying and/or discharging the liquid and/or the bulk material, wherein a force exerted onto the interface for holding, raising and/or lowering the weight container can be measured by the first force sensor, and the height position and/or the movement of a raised weight container can be measured by the second position sensor. The invention furthermore relates to a system composed of a device and computing unit and a method for measuring and/or evaluating an adaptive force by means of the device.

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD OF MEASURING AN ADAPTIVE FORCE

DESCRIPTION

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for detecting and training an adaptive force, with at least one weight container, the internal volume of which can be filled with a liquid or a bulk material, at least one interface for a force action of a test subject, at least one arrangement for transmitting a Tensile force between the weight container and the interface, at least one force sensor and at least one position and / or movement sensor, the weight of the weight container being changeable by supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material, with a force exerted on the interface for holding, Raising and / or lowering the weight container can be measured by the first force sensor and the height position and / or the movement of a raised weight container can be measured by the second position sensor.

The invention also relates to a system comprising a device and a computing unit and a method for measuring and / or evaluating an adaptive force with the aid of the device.

Background and prior art

Muscle strength training is widespread worldwide and in many areas of application, such as competitive and popular sports, fitness training in adolescents, adults and senior citizens, and in the health context (preventive, curative and rehabilitative). Usually the maximum strength is trained, but also rapid, explosive and reactive strength and strength endurance.

Different operating modes of the muscle are trained:

• the concentric one, in which the muscle group / muscle concerned shortens and overcomes a resistance (moves a load).

• Isometric (static tension), in which there is no change in length, the muscle acts against an insurmountable stable resistance.

• the eccentric, in which the muscle is overcome by an applied force and acts relentlessly.

In addition, combinations of different muscle actions are used, such as the so-called. Stretching-shortening cycle, in which a concentric action immediately follows an eccentric one.

Despite all the diversity, there is currently no training system anywhere in the world whose mode of operation enables the so-called adaptive force to be trained. Adaptive force is a specific mode of operation of the nerve-muscle system, which is very close to everyday processes, but which has not yet found its way into movement science.

The essence of conventional strength training is usually to push against a resistance. A resistance is overcome, is immobile or is so overwhelming that the acting muscle group is overcome. In addition to pressing, however, a muscle is also able to hold. That means letting a force take effect, not overcoming it, but if possible not giving in to it. The muscle works isometrically, without changing its length, and therefore motionless. This is only possible as long as your own holding force corresponds to the acting and can thus maintain static conditions. Only when the acting force exceeds the maximum holding force is the muscle forced to give way. He goes into an eccentric activity. During this yielding, the muscle can usually act with even greater force, although it - yielding - continues to elongate. He thereby reaches a supramaximal eccentric adaptive force.

The following forms of adaptive force can be distinguished:

• the submaximal Isometric Adaptive Force, at which changing loads are held without movement; The strength of the muscles that hold it constantly adapts to the changing load.

• The maximum isometric adaptive force describes the force up to which a heavier load can just be held stable. As soon as the load exceeds this threshold, the previously stable position changes into a yielding (eccentric) movement.

• The maximum eccentric adaptive force describes the maximum force that can be opposed to an ever increasing (supramaximal) load during the yielding.

Strength training can be done without a device, using the weight or moments of inertia of your own body. Often small mobile devices are also used, such as dumbbells, elastic straps, springs and ropes, vibrating devices (such as body blades) or so-called. Actuators. After all, there is a large number of large stationary devices for strength training. Strength training is basically based on the fact that the exerciser acts on mechanical resistances in different ways - hence the term "resistance training" in English. The mechanisms used for this are the weight forces of loads, hydraulic and pneumatic or electromechanical systems widely used as so-called isokinetic training devices, especially in the medical context.

Isokinetic training systems are currently the most developed state of the art in the field of strength training / diagnostics. They are based on regulated electromechanical systems (motors, brakes) that offer resistance to the exercising person or actively move them. The following operating modes are possible:

• Isokinetics: The patient pushes the lever of the machine, which limits the maximum angular speed by braking.

• Isotonics: the patient pushes the lever of the machine, which keeps the generated momentum constant. The lever moves faster if you push harder. • Isometrics: The patient presses against the fixed lever of the machine, which records the force moment generated in this position.

• Eccentric: The machine moves the respective extremity of the person exercising inexorably at a predetermined angular speed. It can be set that the system stops when a defined value of the torque generated by the resistance of the exercising person is exceeded.

• Assistive: The machine passively moves the extremity of the person exercising without them bringing up any resistance.

None of these modes is able to measure or train the adaptive force described here in the defined way.

Only a maximum eccentric force can be determined, but with an imposed speed of movement (desmodromic). However, the eccentric maximum force varies depending on the speed of movement and is therefore arbitrarily determined in advance. In contrast to this, the maximum eccentric adaptive force is determined at a movement speed that results naturally from the interaction of the person exercising with the system.

Machine isokinetic training was first introduced in 1966 and has since spread around the world.

So far there has been no strength training device with which adaptive force training (Adaptive Force = AF) would have been possible, i.e. which would have applied a variable force to the exerciser without imposing a defined movement on him. The AF was largely unknown until now. Pneumatic working principles could be used to measure AF. However, for various reasons these are only suitable to a limited extent for use as training devices. In particular, the following disadvantages are to be mentioned in the case of pneumatic operating principles: very short movement paths high expenditure of time for operation complex monitoring of reproducibility before each use and, if necessary, recalibration complex operation high susceptibility to defects and malfunctions (susceptibility of the pneumatics to leaks, sensitive measuring technology, cable connection, accidental Damage or misalignment of the sensors (especially the ACC sensors ...) non-linear force curves of the bellows cylinders used

Therefore, other working principles in particular are required.

A weight lifting device is also known which, in addition to conventional weights, comprises a container which is in fluid communication with a fluid source. The container is intended for retrofitting or for installation in existing weight lifting devices (or training equipment) with conventional weights. A rule / control unit is also included arranged to introduce or drain the fluid from the source into the container by means of a pump, the container being lifted together with the conventional weight with each repetition. The regulation and / or control of the fluid takes place on the basis of measured values, which are recorded using pressure sensors, among other things, these being installed in the hose between the weight container and the liquid source.

With the device described, an adaptation of the weight to be lifted to the muscular fatigue of a test person is made possible in the course of conventional training, in that fluid is supplied to or removed from the container to be lifted by the test person as required. However, the device is disadvantageously not suitable for recording the adaptive force of a test person,

To determine the adaptive force, the movement of the weight container would have to be measured very precisely using suitable kinematic sensors. Due to its structure, the described device does not enable such a determination of the moving container, because the movement of the container can only be calculated indirectly with recorded pressure measurements using the pressure sensors installed in the hose. Among other things, it also has a disadvantageous effect that the filling level changes at the same time due to the leaking water. In addition, the turbulence of the running water influences the pressure signal. The pressure sensors of the device described are also subject to high wear, since the pressure sensor is loaded with each flow of the liquid from one container into the other. Replacing such sensors is also labor-intensive.

Since adaptive force as a specific functionality of the nerve-muscle system has not yet been described, there was consequently no corresponding application in the prior art.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for measuring the adaptive force which do not have the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a device is to be provided which is easy to use, allows long movement paths, enables very good repeatability, is very robust, enables very precise, fast and efficient weight adjustment and thereby realizes precise movement and / or force measurement. Likewise, a method for strength training of the adaptive force is to be provided which enables improved training of the adaptive force and an improved and more reliable measurement of the adaptive force and in particular includes new forms of training.

Summary of the invention

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for detecting and training an adaptive force, comprising: at least one weight container with an internal volume for a liquid and / or a bulk material, comprising at least one pump, fan and / or valve-controlled inlet and / or outlet for the liquid and / or the bulk material; at least one storage container that can be connected to the inlet and / or outlet of the weight container for the liquid and / or the bulk material outside the inner volume of the weight container; at least one interface for the application of force by a subject; at least one arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface; at least one force sensor; at least one position and / or motion sensor; wherein the weight of the weight container can be changed by supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material, wherein a force exerted on the interface for holding, lifting and / or lowering the weight container can be measured by the first force sensor and the height position and / or the movement of a raised weight container can be measured by the second position sensor.

The person skilled in the art knows how to control the distribution of the liquid and / or the bulk material between the two containers or how to transport the liquid and / or the bulk material between the containers through targeted control of at least one valve, at least one pump and / or at least one fan can. In particular, for this purpose, at least one hose is included between the weight container and the storage container, which hose connects the two containers.

It is the world's first adaptive force training system. The main novelty of the invention is that the load can change within a single action (repetition of the exercise), i.e. it can increase or decrease. This variation of the force takes place with free mobility and independent of movements that take place. Movements are not imposed by a motor (desmodromic), as is the case with isokinetic devices in eccentric mode. They depend exclusively on the sensorimotor function of the exerciser in dealing with the fluidly changing applied load.

This results in the following unique selling points, which conventional training equipment and methods have not yet met:

Isometric adaptive strength is challenged and trained with changing loads.

With increasing (supramaximal) overload, the eccentric adaptive force is also demanded and trained.

Within a single repetition, a wide variety of strength intensities are run through fluently, from low to supramaximal.

Within a single repetition, different force profiles can be generated by the control of the system (steadily increasing, steadily decreasing, alternating courses or phases of constant force) and thus, for example, sport-specific stress courses can be simulated. Concentric, isometric and eccentric muscle actions of the same muscle group can be combined within one repetition.

The system can also be used as a measuring device for the various qualities of adaptive force. Since it meets scientific quality criteria, it can also be used for research purposes.

The system can also be used for conventional strength training (with constant loads). This invention establishes a completely new type of strength training device. The effectiveness and possibly also the therapeutic significance of the adaptive force has not yet been researched.

In this case: the weight of the strength training device to be moved (preferably the pulling device here) must be made variable by using a vessel which can preferably be filled or emptied with liquid. For this purpose, the device is preferably equipped with one or more pumps and drainage devices (gate valves, etc.). This advantageously enables the load to change smoothly while it is being held by the person exercising. In this way, the maximum adaptive holding force can preferably be determined and also trained. If the load increases further, the maximum eccentric adaptive force can also be determined and trained during the yielding.

The maximum isometric and the maximum eccentric adaptive force can be determined preferably via the evaluation (preferably by software) of the sensor data (force and kinematics).

The variable load system should advantageously be integratable in all strength training machines that work with loads. This means that a wide variety of muscle groups and movements can be trained. This means that the innovative principle of adaptive force training can preferably be implemented almost universally. The corresponding market will be immeasurably large.

The device - in a wide variety of design variants - will potentially be used worldwide in countless facilities for sports, the fitness industry, health training, rehabilitation, etc. The corresponding market will be immeasurably large.

The device can advantageously be used as a training device for fitness, amateur and / or competitive sports, prevention, injury prophylaxis, therapy, rehabilitation - measuring devices for adaptive force in the above-mentioned areas and / or for scientific purposes.

It is preferred to use the device for training in the fitness area, in popular and / or competitive sports, in prevention, injury prophylaxis, therapy, rehabilitation, for measuring the adaptive force in these areas, in movement science, in sports science, in biomechanics, in training science, in neurology and / or in orthopedics.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises: a control device; at least one element for supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material selected from the group comprising a pump, an adjustable valve and / or a fan, the control device and the element for supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the Bulk material are configured for a control of the weight of the weight container by a controlled supply, discharge and / or retention of the liquid and / or the bulk material in the weight container.

The element for supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material preferably further comprises at least one hose.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises at least one data interface, the data interface being suitable for the transmission of data with a computing unit, the data being selected from the group comprising the force exerted on the interface, the height position and / or movements of the Weight container and / or control data for controlling the weight of the weight container.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the data interface is configured for wired and / or wireless data transmission, preferably via WLAN and / or Bluetooth.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the position sensor comprises a distance sensor arranged above or below the weight container, which preferably functions optically and / or based on ultrasound.

The position of the container (or the adapter or, for example, a rope) could preferably also be determined by means of other methods. The sensor system (the position sensor) could also be placed in front of or behind the container (or interface, etc.) or to the side of the container.

In the context of the invention, the position and movement sensors record the position or movement of a raised weight container, preferably directly and directly. This means that the main function of the sensor is preferably set up to detect the position and / or movement of an object. The position and / or movement is not determined indirectly via a parameter recorded elsewhere, such as pressure and / or force.

In a further preferred embodiment, the device is characterized in that the second position sensor comprises a distance sensor arranged above or below the weight container and / or an incremental encoder and / or a device for video optometry.

This represents a significant departure from previously known designs from the prior art, because such a precise sensor system was previously in the prior art for Weight lifting equipment not required. In general, the positioning of the distance sensor below and above the weight container is of great advantage because a required reference point for a position measurement can be obtained in a simple manner.

The list as “second” sensor in the previous paragraph serves to distinguish it from a force sensor, which is also referred to as “first force sensor” in the present document. It therefore preferably does not mean that the present invention necessarily comprises two position sensors.

A suitable position or movement sensor system is of high relevance for the device according to the invention, because it must be finely resolved and preferably record measured values suddenly in order to enable the determination of an adaptive force (maximum holding force). In particular, the sensor arrangement described here can guarantee the recording of the measured values with the required accuracy and without a time delay (latency).

The adaptive force is preferably a test person's ability to hold himself against changing (mostly steadily increasing) external forces. As long as it is possible to hold a weight, there is no accompanying movement. Only when the maximum holding force is exceeded does the subject's muscle begin to give way. The force at exactly this point in time is the maximum isometric adaptive force AFiso _max . In order to detect this, the movement of the weight container must be measured very precisely using suitable kinematic sensors.

In a further preferred embodiment, the device is characterized in that the arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface comprises a rope and the first force sensor comprises a DMS force sensor integrated into the rope. DMS sensors offer extremely high accuracy, very good long-term stability and a good bandwidth for fast measurements. As already explained, the adaptive force can only be determined by combining the measurement of force and position / movement.

It is of great relevance here that both force and movement sensors have no (or only minimal) latency times. The described DMS sensor in the rope is particularly suitable for this.

The sensor is preferably attached above the container and targets it with ultrasound. A horizontal surface attached to the container is preferably used for reflection.

Systems based on kinematic principles can preferably be used to detect a movement, e.g. ultrasound systems with active elements on the container and / or on the interface and / or video-supported systems. Here, for example, there could also be reflectors on the container or interface.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the position sensor comprises an incremental encoder and / or a device for video optometry. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the movement sensor is arranged on the weight container, on the arrangement for transmitting a tensile force and / or on the interface.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the force sensor is selected from the group comprising strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, (piezo) resistive force sensors, spring body force sensors, force sensors with oscillating elements and / or magnetic force sensors.

In a preferred embodiment, the force sensor is based on a pressure measurement.

A flat, preferably film-like force sensor or pressure sensor that is preferably based on a capacitive measuring principle is preferably used for this.

Preferably for this purpose z. B. a Hilitand force sensor resistor FSR402 resistor type thin film pressure sensor or force sensor can be used.

With a sensor that functions in this way, the force can preferably also be measured by placing the sensor film between two flat surfaces and applying a force over them. The transmission surface over which the force acts is preferably precisely defined, so that the force is preferably obtained from the pressure generated.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an acceleration sensor is included, preferably on the interface.

An acceleration sensor, inertial sensor, gyrometer, inclinometer, magnetic field sensor, goniometer and / or fusion sensor can preferably be included.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one analog-digital converter is included for converting analog measurement data from the force sensor and / or position sensor into digital measurement data.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one oscillating actuator is included, which is configured to generate vibrations when the subject holds, lifting and / or lowering the weight container, the oscillating actuator preferably being configured for an arrangement on a wrist of the subject.

An oscillator can preferably also be arranged in the interface, in the test person's clothing and / or in the arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface, in particular in a rope.

In a further preferred embodiment, the device is characterized in that the first force sensor and the second position sensor are set up to simultaneously measure the force of a subject acting on the interface using the first force sensor and the position and / or movement of a weight container using the second position sensor , wherein the position and / or movement of a weight container can also be made during a supply and / or discharge of a fluid in the weight container.

To determine an adaptive force, the force of a test person is preferably measured simultaneously with the movement / position of the weight container, because only at the time of the The beginning of the movement of the container can be deduced from the adaptive force. Since a fluid is continuously supplied and / or discharged until the container starts to move - because the force to be applied exceeds the maximum force of the test person - the position and / or movement of a container must also be continuously determined during the supply and / or discharge . Otherwise the suddenly occurring point in time of the movement of the weight container cannot be recorded.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an element for feedback for a force to be transmitted to the interface by the test person and / or a movement of the weight container, which is preferably selected from the group comprising visual feedback, auditory feedback and / or tactile feedback Feedback.

A tactile feedback can preferably also be provided by an oscillator, e.g. B. on a wrist of the subject.

Visual feedback is preferably provided by a lighting device and / or a display device.

Auditory feedback takes place in particular through a loudspeaker.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid comprises water and / or oil or the bulk material, sand and / or granules.

Other liquids can preferably also be included, e.g. B. water to which at least one additive has been added, the additive being configured, for example, to avoid corrosion, e.g. of the weight container. A liquid can also include alcohol.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlet and / or outlet are implemented via at least one separate opening in the weight container.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlet and / or outlet are realized via a single opening in the weight container, the at least one pump being a two-way pump and / or the at least one fan being a two-way fan.

It can also be preferred that the inlet and / or outlet are implemented via a single opening in the weight container, with two hoses connected to each pump being attached, one hose with a pump being configured for an inlet and the other hose and the other pumps are configured for a drain. It can preferably also be changed which hose and which pump takes on which task.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an adjustable valve preferably comprises a motor-operated ball valve and / or a slide valve.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the storage container has an inlet which is connected to the outlet of the weight container and has an outlet which is connected to the inlet of the weight container. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an outlet of the storage container is located below a pump-controlled inlet of the weight container at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container and an inlet of the storage container is located below a valve-controlled outlet of the weight container at least in a raised position of the weight container.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an outlet of the storage container is arranged above a valve-controlled inlet of the weight container at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container and an inlet of the storage container is above a pump-controlled outlet of the weight container at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container .

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement for power transmission comprises an element connected to the weight container for transmission of tensile force, which preferably comprises at least one deflection element for guidance, which is arranged for a force acting on the interface according to a desired strength training and / or a desired force measurement .

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the interface comprises a handle, a rod, a loop and / or a belt.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the interface and arrangement are configured for a desired strength training and / or a desired force measurement selected from the group comprising arm flexor training, training of the knee flexor muscles, training of the knee extensor muscles, hand extension, hand flexion, forearm propagation and supination, elbow flexion and extension, Shoulder anteversion, retroversion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation, depression, trunk flexion, extension, rotation, hip joint abduction, adduction, anteflexion, retroflexion, rotation, knee extension and flexion, lower leg rotation and external rotation of the foot and plantar flexion.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the interface and arrangement are configured to implement a training device selected from the group consisting of knee curl, knee extender, butterfly, reverse butterfly, leg press, cable pull device, multi-chip, torso rotation, torso flexor, torso extensor, latissimus pull, rowing pull, arm and flexion support , Arm curl, arm extension, bench press, chest and triceps dip, shoulder press, chests press, leg extension, leg curl, hip abduction, hip adduction, rowing machine, glute machine, ...

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement for power transmission comprises at least one cable pull and the element for transmitting tensile force comprises at least one cable, the deflection element being a preferably stationary deflection pulley.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement for power transmission comprises an interface, preferably a handle and / or a lever, which is fastened directly to the weight container and the element for transmitting tensile force the fastening of the interface to the weight container. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement for the transmission of force and / or the element for the transmission of tensile force comprises a cable which connects the interface to the weight container without deflection.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cable pull comprises at least one, preferably two, fixed, deflection pulleys, which are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the rope between the weight container and the interface, with at least one deflection pulley arranged in a plane above the weight container and the interface.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a vertically oriented element which has a guide rail and / or guide rollers for vertically guiding the weight container on one side of the element, with the at least one upper deflection roller preferably being arranged at an upper end of the element, with the vertical element is preferably arranged on a chassis.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical element has on one side at a lower end a support for storing the weight container in a lower, lowered position.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a simple pulley system containing at least one vertically movably mounted roller in the longitudinal direction of the cable between a cable end fastened above the roller and an upper deflection roller is included.

The pulley block can preferably also be arranged horizontally, a horizontally movably mounted roller being included and the deflecting roller being arranged in the plane of the horizontal alignment.

A simple pulley block is in particular a pulley block with a fixed roller and a movable roller.

Preferably, more complex pulley blocks with several loose rollers can also be used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a lower, positionally fixed pulley in front of the interface in the longitudinal direction of the rope is included in a plane below the interface, the device being suitable for arm flexor training of the test subject.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a lower, fixed-position pulley and a pulley element upstream of the interface in the longitudinal direction of the rope are comprised, the interface being in the form of a lever and the device being suitable for training the knee flexor muscles and / or knee extensor muscles of the test subject.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a first and a second weight container and a first and second storage container, the second weight container being the first storage container for the first weight container and the first weight container being the second storage container for the second weight container represents, wherein the two weight containers are connected to one another with a second arrangement, preferably a cable pull, in such a way that the lifting of the one weight container causes the other weight container to lower.

In a further preferred embodiment device for detecting and training an adaptive force, comprising: at least one weight container with an internal volume for a liquid and / or a bulk material, comprising at least one pump-, fan- and / or valve-controlled inlet and / or outlet for the liquid and / or the bulk material; at least one storage container that can be connected to the inlet and / or outlet of the weight container for the liquid and / or the bulk material outside the inner volume of the weight container; at least one interface for the application of force by a subject; at least one arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface; at least one force sensor; at least one position and / or movement sensor, characterized in that the weight of the weight container can be changed by supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material, with a force exerted on the interface for holding, lifting and / or lowering the weight container can be measured by the first force sensor and the height position and / or the movement of a raised weight container can be measured by the second position sensor, the device comprising a first and a second weight container and a first and second storage container and the second weight container the first storage container for the first Weight container and the first weight container represents the second storage container for the second weight container, the two weight containers being connected to one another with a second arrangement, preferably a cable, in such a way that the lifting of one weight container means that the other weight container is lowered container caused.

In particular, this enables the weight to be adjusted more quickly, since at the same time the container to be lifted by the test person becomes lighter or heavier and the container to be lowered becomes heavier or lighter.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each weight container has an interface for a force to be exerted by a test person and an arrangement for force transmission between the interface and a force opposing the weight of the weight container.

An embodiment with two weight containers and only one interface can also be preferred. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlets and / or outlets of the weight containers are connected by at least one hose for the liquid and / or the bulk material, the hose preferably being movably guided in such a way that essentially no force is transmitted between the weight containers via the hose takes place.

When using a two-way pump, one hose is preferably sufficient. When using two pumps (preferably one for each direction of flow of the liquid / bulk material), it is preferred to use two hoses and / or a type of switch that releases one of the pumps. Two gate valves are then preferably used.

The hose is preferably guided above the container. However, it can also be preferred to guide the hose below the container or at the level of the container (horizontally behind it).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a pump comprising a shut-off valve is contained which is configured to prevent the liquid and / or the bulk material from being supplied and / or discharged when a pumping process is ended.

This embodiment is particularly suitable when using a two-way pump which also controls the inflow and outflow of the two weight containers.

All embodiments mentioned here preferably include one or more of the following preferred variants of the device design:

Force / displacement transformations between weight and interface (fixed and loose rollers, individually and in combination (pulley), spur gears, eccentric disks, shafts, lever constructions, etc.).

Filling of the container with liquid passively by gravity from a storage container located above the weight container.

Use of several weight vessels, pumps and / or drainage devices in order to accelerate the dynamics of the weight change or to make it variable.

Alternatively, the liquid can also be pumped out via the outlet or inlet nozzle.

Ball valve with electric actuator Gate valve also in other designs, e.g. slide valve.

Control of pump (s) and ball valve via control unit / computer software Several weights on the rope

Constantly increasing loads can also be caused by alternative force generation principles, such as pneumatics, hydraulics, rubber bands, spring tension ...

In addition, the system can be connected to oscillating actuators in order to combine adaptive force training with additional vibrations. Measurement of the movement alternatively via laser technology, incremental encoders or kinematic systems (e.g. goniometer, ultrasound or video topometry, etc.).

Measurement of the force at different points in the rope or at the transition to the interface or weight container or in the interface is possible.

Measurement of the force with different force sensor principles possible (strain gauge, piezo, capacitive. .S.o.).

The data transfer from the sensors can be done by cable or wirelessly (e.g. via Bluetooth, WLAN or another digital radio standard). For this purpose, sensors with the appropriate A / D converter technology, data buffering and transmission unit are used. The reception takes place through a terminal equipped with the appropriate reception technology.

By varying the delivery rate per unit of time when filling or draining the liquid, the dynamics of the increase or decrease in force are designed differently.

The measurement data of the tensile force on the rope and the position of the container determined by the sensors (or other kinematic measurement data that can describe the position, such as incremental encoder on the pulley of the rope) are recorded in the IT terminal after A / D conversion saved. The evaluation software shows the temporal and the force-displacement curves graphically (Fig. 8 shows a possible example of the graphic representation as a displacement-force plot in a comparison of two measurements). The software also calculates measurement parameters such as the maximum isometric adaptive force and the maximum eccentric adaptive force. The original and training data can also be archived for subsequent comparisons over time.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a system comprising a device according to the present description and a computing unit which is configured for processing and / or evaluating the measurement data, preferably with the aid of a path-force, time-force, time path - Diagram and / or the analysis of oscillations of force, path and / or data derived from these and / or for controlling the weight of the weight container via the control device, preferably as a function of the processing and / or evaluation of the measurement data.

The average person skilled in the art recognizes that technical features, definitions and advantages of preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention also apply to the system according to the invention.

Controlling the weight of the weight container includes, in particular, controlling the pump (s). This can preferably be regulated automatically, for. B. in a defined training process and for defined measurement tasks. The control can preferably also take place via a suitable input device by the test subject by switching the pumps on and off, e.g. B. manually, via a pedal and / or an acoustic sensor. A shutdown of the pump (s) is preferably also included if, for example, one container is full and / or the other is empty.

The shut-off valve (s) are preferably also controlled.

Preferably, the above applies both to the variant with a weight and a storage container and to the variant with two weight containers.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the computing unit comprises a tablet, a smartphone, a notebook and / or a PC.

In a further preferred embodiment, the computing unit comprises a computing unit integrated into the device, preferably similar to an on-board computer in a car.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for strength training and a force measurement by a device according to the present description and / or a system according to the present description, comprising the following steps:

Lifting, lowering and / or holding of the weight container by the test subject;

Simultaneous control of the weight of the weight container by a controlled supply and / or discharge of the liquid, the force exerted and / or movement of the weight container being measured during the process and the weight being controlled on the basis of these variables.

The average person skilled in the art recognizes that technical features, definitions and advantages of preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention and / or the system according to the invention also apply to the method according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is used for conventional strength training.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for isometric and / or eccentric strength training of an adaptive force comprises the following steps:

Adjustment of a weight of the weight container by supplying and / or removing the liquid so that the test person can hold the weight container statically at a fixed height, continuous and / or gradual increase in weight by adding the liquid, so that holding is no longer possible and that Holding changes into yielding, the test subject lowering the weight container while maintaining a maximum resistance; preferably at least partial removal of the liquid after the weight container has been completely lowered and the process is ended or repeated.

In a further preferred embodiment, the method for isometric and / or eccentric strength training of an adaptive force by means of a device is comprising: at least one weight container with an internal volume for a liquid and / or a bulk material, comprising at least one pump, fan and / or valve-controlled inlet and / or outlet for the liquid and / or the bulk material; at least one storage container for the liquid and / or bulk material, which can be connected to the inlet and / or outlet of the weight container, outside of the internal volume of the weight container; at least one interface for the application of force by a subject; at least one arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface; at least one force sensor; at least one position and / or motion sensor, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

Adjustment of a weight of the weight container by supplying and / or removing the liquid so that the test person holds the weight container statically at a fixed height, continuously and / or gradually increasing the weight by adding the liquid, so that holding is no longer possible and holding goes into yielding, wherein the test subject lowers the weight container while maintaining a maximum resistance; preferably at least partial removal of the liquid after the weight container has been completely lowered and the process is ended or repeated.

Static holding at a fixed height and thereby continuously increasing the weight up to a maximum strength of the test person is not suggested in the prior art. Using this method, the maximum isometric adaptive force can advantageously be determined and also trained. Methods from the prior art, on the other hand, do not allow targeted training of the isometric adaptive force, since in known methods the weight container is not filled during an exercise (an exercise comprises several repetitions), but only emptied.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for isometric and / or concentric strength training comprises the following steps: slow reduction of an initial weight of the lowered weight container that cannot be lifted by the test subject by draining the liquid so that the test subject can lift the weight container as soon as the weight is his falls below the maximum applied force. preferably continuous, especially slow drainage of the liquid until it is lifted into a final training position of the test person corresponding to a final height of the weight container, Termination and / or repetition of the procedure.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a method, the two aforementioned methods for isometric, eccentric and / or concentric strength training of an adaptive force, both methods being applied alternately one after the other at least once.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the method for submaximal isometric strength training of an adaptive force comprises the following steps:

Adaptation of a weight of the weight container by supplying and / or discharging the liquid to a stable weight, so that the test person can hold the weight container statically at a fixed height over a training period;

Alternating supply and removal of the liquid, preferably within a predetermined weight interval around the stable weight, during a continued static holding or a defined movement of the weight container by the subject.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the test person receives preferably visual, auditory and / or tactile feedback for instructing correct performance of the strength training, preferably through the element for feedback.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the following steps are included:

Adaptation of a weight of the weight container by supplying and / or discharging the liquid so that the test person can hold the weight container statically at a fixed target height; continuous and / or gradual increase in weight by adding the liquid, so that holding is no longer possible and holding turns into yielding;

Reducing the weight of the weight container by draining the liquid so that the test person can raise the weight container again to the target height;

Repeat the steps described, with the weight being adjusted to the level of fatigue of the test person.

In this interactive form of training, it is preferred that the system always increases the load until the subject begins to give way. As soon as this occurs, the load is preferably reduced to below the maximum again, so that the test person can set the starting position of the container again. As soon as this is reached, the cycle preferably starts all over again.

In this way, the test person is advantageously repeatedly brought to his limit.

In the course of the cycles, the system then adapts preferentially to fatigue. The program control is preferably adapted by means of a control system based on the sensor data.

In all of the aforementioned embodiments, “supplying and / or removing a liquid” preferably includes “supplying and / or removing a bulk material”. The arrangement is designed in such a way that the weight to be held can be changed (increased or decreased) by pumping a liquid into the weight container or draining (or pumping out) again. The weight of the container including its filling is transmitted via a pulley system and is applied as a tensile force at the end of the pull rope. The practitioner is in contact with the rope via the interface and creates a holding resistance. In this way, the variable load is held against gravity by the person exercising at the other end of the cable pull. The load can be increased to such an extent that the maximum holding force of the person exercising is exceeded and the person begins to move into yielding (eccentric) holding work. The load and thus also the force generated by the person exercising are increased further.

The arrangement is also suitable for training (concentric, isometric, eccentric) in a conventional manner with a static load (with constant filling).

The standard application "AF Iso-Ex" (with increasing load) begins with the exercising person holding the weight that is submaximally heavy for them (container only partially filled) over the cable at a medium height. In the example in Figure 1, this is im Stand in a bent position of the elbow joint of - in this case - about 90 °. By pulling the rope upwards, the elbow is loaded in the direction of the flexion.

In order to remain in this position, the practitioner must activate the elbow extensor muscles (M. triceps brachii) as well as the stabilizing shoulder and hand muscles. Then the pump is switched on, thus additional water is pumped into the container, which becomes steadily heavier. During this, the position of the hand / arm / shoulder - and thus also the weight - should be kept constant for as long as possible. The holding force must be permanently adapted to the increasing load (adaptive force). Finally, when the load applied by the device exceeds the maximum holding force of the exerciser, he / she begins to give in and tries to slow down as much as possible (eccentric muscle work). The exercise ends when the load has touched its support base (height can be adjusted) and the load on the rope is no longer increased. Now the pump is switched off and the ball valve is opened in order to reduce the filling of the weight container again. When the desired submaximal load is reached, you can return to the starting position for more repetitions.

Application variants:

Application Iso-Kon pressing (decreasing load): The application starts with a supramaximal load that is on its support surface. That is, the load is greater than the maximum isometric pressure of the person exercising. This is therefore not (yet) able to lift the load, but pushes - from a starting position with strongly bent elbow - with maximum effort in this direction, i.e. tensions the rope at the interface down as much as possible. The ball valve is then opened and liquid begins to flow out or is pumped out. As soon as the weight of the load falls below the maximum tensile force of the exercising person, the transition from the isometric to the concentric phase takes place. The elbow slowly begins to extend, the weight container begins to rise. As the container continues to be emptied, it always becomes lighter and can therefore be lifted faster and faster until the defined end position (here e.g. the extension of the elbow) is reached. The ball valve is closed, the container is put down again and, by operating the pump, it is filled again up to the supramaximal inlet filling level. The initial position is reached again and another repetition can follow.

Combination Iso-Kon-Iso-Ex (alternating load): The two forms of application described above can alternate, so that alternating isometric, concentric and eccentric processes - and thus also holding (AF) and pressing modes - follow one another.

Submaximal training of Isometric Adaptive Force: A defined position of the respective extremity of the exerciser and thus also of the weight holder is maintained (e.g. the approx. 90 ° flexion of the elbow joint shown in Fig. 1). By deliberately draining or filling the liquid, the load is alternately varied in the submaximal to the maximum range. The exercising person thus trains the submaximal isometric adaptive strength or the sustaining isometric strength endurance and at the same time also the coordinative sensorimotor component of adapting to constantly changing submaximal forces.

Further preferred versions are characterized as follows:

The data interface is preferably suitable for transferring data with a computing unit, the data being selected from the group comprising the force exerted on the interface, the height position and / or movements of the weight container and / or control data for controlling the weight of the weight container.

The data interface is preferably configured for wired and / or wireless data transmission, preferably via WLAN and / or Bluetooth.

The position sensor preferably includes a distance sensor which is arranged above or below the weight container and which preferably functions optically and / or based on ultrasound.

The position sensor preferably comprises an incremental encoder and / or a device for video optometry.

The movement sensor is preferably arranged on the weight container, on the arrangement for transmitting a tensile force and / or on the interface.

The force sensor is preferably selected from the group comprising strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, (piezo) resistive force sensors, spring-body force sensors, force sensors with vibrating elements and / or magnetic force sensors. The device preferably comprises an acceleration sensor, preferably on the interface.

The device preferably comprises at least one analog-digital converter for converting analog measurement data from the force sensor, position sensor, motion sensor and / or acceleration sensor into digital measurement data.

The device preferably comprises at least one oscillating actuator which is configured to generate vibrations when the test subject holds, lifts and / or lowers the weight container, the oscillating actuator preferably being configured for an arrangement on a wrist of the test subject.

The device preferably comprises an element for feedback for a force action to be transmitted to the interface by the test person and / or a movement of the weight container, which is preferably selected from the group comprising visual feedback, auditory feedback and / or tactile feedback.

The liquid preferably comprises water and / or oil or the bulk material comprises sand and / or granules.

The inlet and / or outlet can preferably be implemented via at least one separate opening in the weight container.

The inlet and / or outlet can preferably be implemented via a single opening in the weight container, the at least one pump being a two-way pump and / or the at least one fan being a two-way fan.

An adjustable valve preferably comprises a motor-operated ball valve and / or a slide valve.

The storage container preferably has an inlet which is connected to the outlet of the weight container and has an outlet which is connected to the inlet of the weight container.

Preferably, an outlet of the storage container is located below a pump-controlled inlet of the weight container arranged at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container and an inlet of the storage container is located below a valve-controlled outlet of the weight container at least in a raised position of the weight container.

An outlet of the storage container is preferably located above a valve-controlled inlet of the weight container arranged at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container and an inlet of the storage container is above a pump-controlled drain of the weight container at least in a lower, stored position of the weight container.

The arrangement for power transmission preferably comprises an element connected to the weight container for transmitting tensile force, which preferably comprises at least one deflecting element for guidance that is arranged for a force acting on the interface according to a desired strength training and / or a desired force measurement.

The interface preferably comprises a handle, a rod, a loop and / or a belt.

The interface and arrangement are preferably configured for a desired strength training and / or a desired force measurement selected from the group comprising arm flexor training, training of the knee flexor muscles, training of the knee extensor muscles, hand extension, hand flexion, forearm propagation and supination, elbow flexion and extension, shoulder anteversion, retroversion, -abduction, internal rotation, external rotation, depression, trunk flexion, extension, rotation, hip joint abduction, adduction, anteflexion, retroflexion, rotation, knee extension and flexion, lower leg internal rotation and external rotation, foot dorsal flexion and -.

The interface and arrangement are preferably configured for the implementation of a training device selected from the group of knee curl, knee extensor, butterfly, reverse butterfly, leg press, cable pull device, multi-chip, torso rotation, torso flexor, torso extensor, latissimus pull, rowing pull, arm and flexion supports, arm curl, arm extender, bench press , Chest and Triceps Dip, Shoulder Press, Chests Press, Leg extension, Leg curl, Hip abduction, Hip adduction, Rowing machine, Glute machine.

The arrangement for power transmission preferably comprises at least one cable pull and the element for transmitting tensile force comprises at least one cable, the deflection element being a preferably stationary deflection pulley.

The cable pull preferably comprises at least one, preferably two, fixed deflection pulleys, which are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the cable between the weight container and the interface, with at least one deflection pulley arranged in a plane above the weight container and the interface.

The device preferably comprises a vertically oriented element which has a guide rail and / or guide rollers for vertically guiding the weight container on one side of the element, with the at least one upper deflection roller preferably being arranged at an upper end of the element, the vertical element preferably being on a chassis is present. The vertical element preferably has on one side at a lower end a support for storing the weight container in a lower, lowered position.

A simple pulley block is preferably comprised of at least one vertically movably mounted roller in the longitudinal direction of the cable between a cable end fastened above the roller and an upper deflecting roller.

A lower, positionally fixed deflecting pulley located in front of the interface in the longitudinal direction of the rope is preferably included in a plane below the interface, the device being suitable for arm flexion training for the test person.

A lower, fixed pulley and a pulley element located in front of the interface in the longitudinal direction of the rope are preferably included, the interface being in the form of a lever and the device being suitable for training the knee flexor muscles and / or knee extensor muscles of the test subject.

Each weight container preferably has an interface for the action of a force by a test person and an arrangement for force transmission between the interface and a force opposing the weight of the weight container.

The inlets and / or outlets of the weight containers are preferably connected by at least one hose for the liquid and / or the bulk material, the hose preferably being movably guided in such a way that essentially no force is transmitted between the weight containers via the hose.

A pump comprising a shut-off valve is preferably contained which is configured to prevent the liquid and / or the bulk material from being supplied and / or discharged when a pumping process is ended.

A system is also preferred, the computing unit comprising a tablet, a smartphone, a notebook and / or a PC.

A method for conventional strength training is also preferred.

A method is also preferred in which the test person receives preferably visual, auditory and / or tactile feedback for instructing correct performance of the strength training, preferably through the element for feedback.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention is to be explained in more detail below using examples, without being restricted to these.

Brief description of the images

Fig. 1 Basic sketch of the training system for adaptive force. Fig. 2 Version with wired measurement signal transmission to the A / D converter and the digital data from there to a notebook as an IT end device.

Fig. 3 Version with force and displacement conversion through a loose roller

Fig. 4 Version with path deflection via a fixed roller for training the arm flexor muscles.

Fig. 5 Version with power transmission to a system for training the knee flexion muscles, consisting of a pulley segment and lever.

Fig. 6 Version with power transmission to a system for training the knee extensor muscles, consisting of a pulley segment and lever.

Fig. 7 Schematic representation of the device with two weight containers.

Fig. 8 Schematic representation of two measurement processes during a repetition of the adaptive force exercise in the distance-force plot in comparison of intact and restricted holding function.

Detailed description of the images

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the invention. It is only to be understood as an example and is intended to illustrate the functionality and basic structure. The functional principle can be used in all strength training devices that work with loads (weights) and are therefore suitable for training a wide variety of muscle groups. The invention is based on a cable construction, at one end of which the weight container (A) is located, the weight of which varies - depending on the filling level. The weight container (A) is connected via a roller construction (N) with guide rails (M) and thus with the supporting base plate. It is movably mounted on the rail by rollers. The weight acting on the rope results from the weight of the container (A) and that of the liquid (e.g. water or oil) with which the container is filled. For this purpose, a filler neck is provided at the upper end of the container, into which the inlet hose (D) opens. The container is filled using the pump (C), which pumps the liquid from the storage container (B) into the weight container (A). The exit point of the inlet for the liquid (at the end of the filler hose or at the filler neck) is equipped with a device that cancels out the force effects on the weight container due to the back pressure of the flowing liquid or back pressure effects on the hose. (This could be achieved, for example, by an impingement surface for the liquid attached to the hose.)

In addition, the amount of liquid in the container can be reduced again.

This is done by passive draining of the liquid via a drainage nozzle on the lower part (or bottom) of the container (A) and the drainage hose (E) back into the storage container (B). The outflow is controlled by a gate valve (ball valve F). The container is provided with a small opening at the top to compensate for the changing air volume. During the filling of the container (A) it becomes heavier, while it is emptied it becomes lighter. This varies the weight force generated. As with a conventional rope pulling device, the interface (I) via which the exercising person maintains contact with the rope is located at the other end of the rope (G) guided over pulleys (H). This can be a handle, a rod, a loop or the like be. The force is transferred to the exercising person via the interface, who acts against them (usually holding them).

The device is equipped with dynamometric and kinematic sensors. The (reaction) force on the rope (G) is recorded with the help of a strain gauge force sensor (J) integrated in the rope (G). The position and the lifting movements of the weight container (A) are measured with the aid of the contactless ultrasound-based distance sensor (K), which records the distance between the floor and the underside of the weight container (A). The analog measurement data are forwarded to an A / D converter unit and from there as digital data to an IT terminal (0), where processing, evaluation and presentation takes place via a display, preferably software-supported. The type of signal and data transmission can be wired or wireless (WLAN, Bluetooth or other radio standards). Figure 1 shows a schematic of wireless transmission.

As Figure 2 shows, the signal and data transmissions can also be wired.

The training is basically also possible without the measuring function. It is used for strength diagnostics and training control.

Figure 3 shows the version with force and displacement conversion through a loose roller

Figure 4 shows the version with path deflection via a fixed roller for training the arm flexor muscles.

Figure 5 shows the version with power transmission to a system for training the knee flexion muscles, consisting of a pulley segment and lever.

Figure 6 shows the version with power transmission to a system for training the knee extensor muscles, consisting of a pulley segment and lever.

Figure 7 schematically shows the device with two weight containers. These are connected to each other via a rope and, as shown here, to two interfaces which do not have to be used both. The hose connecting the two inner volumes of the weight container for the inlet and / or outlet can also be seen. This is guided here over a large roller, so that essentially no force transmission takes place between the weight containers via the hose and this essentially does not additionally influence the training.

Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of the measurement process during an exercise repetition of the isometric and eccentric adaptive force in the distance-force plot. Start at 800 mm lifting height with an input force of 100 N; then the system continuously increases the load; An intact muscle (blue) increases the force up to approx. 430 N without significant yielding, then goes into the yielding (eccentric) phase in which it increases the force level a little more and maintains it up to a stroke height of approx. 200 mm. Then the holding force collapses and the weight is put down. A muscle with limited holding function (red) begins to give way at approx. 220 N. While giving way, the force continues to increase before collapsing. The first data and experience of an initial pilot study on AF strength training are currently available. Since different (possibly all) intensity ranges - up to supramaximal - can be run through in one go, the training is highly effective.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A device for detecting and training an adaptive force, comprising: at least one weight container with an internal volume for a liquid and / or a bulk material, comprising at least one pump, fan and / or valve-controlled inlet and / or outlet for the liquid and / or the bulk material; at least one storage container that can be connected to the inlet and / or outlet of the weight container for the liquid and / or the bulk material outside the inner volume of the weight container; at least one interface for the application of force by a subject; at least one arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface; at least one force sensor; at least one position and / or motion sensor; characterized in that the weight of the weight container can be changed by supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material, wherein a force exerted on the interface for holding, lifting and / or lowering the weight container can be measured by the first force sensor and the height position and / or the movement of a raised weight container can be measured by the second position sensor.

2. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second position sensor comprises a distance sensor arranged above or below the weight container and / or an incremental encoder and / or a device for video optometry.

3. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims of the preceding claim, further comprising: a control device; at least one element for supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material selected from the group comprising a pump, an adjustable valve and / or a fan, characterized in that

The control device and the element for supplying and / or removing the liquid and / or the bulk material are configured for controlling the weight of the weight container by means of a controlled supply, removal and / or retention of the liquid and / or the bulk material in the weight container.

26th

4. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, comprising a first and a second weight container and a first and second storage container, characterized in that the second weight container, the first storage container for the first weight container and the first weight container, the second storage container for the second weight container represents, wherein the two weight containers are connected to one another with a second arrangement, preferably a cable pull, in such a way that the lifting of the one weight container causes the other weight container to lower.

5. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement for transmitting a tensile force between the weight container and the interface comprises a rope and the first force sensor comprises a strain gauge force sensor integrated into the rope.

6. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first force sensor and the second position sensor are set up to simultaneously apply the force of a subject on the rope through the first force sensor and the position and / or movement of a weight container through the second position sensor to measure, wherein the position and / or movement of a weight container can also be determined during a supply and / or discharge of a fluid in the weight container.

7. System comprising a device according to one or more of the preceding claims and a computing unit which is configured for processing and / or evaluating the measurement data, preferably with the aid of a distance-force, time-force, time-distance diagram and / or the analysis of oscillations of force, displacement and / or data derived therefrom and / or for controlling the weight of the weight container via the control device, preferably as a function of the processing and / or evaluation of the measurement data.

8. A method for strength training and a force measurement by a device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-6 and / or a system according to claim 7 comprising the following steps:

Lifting, lowering and / or holding of the weight container by the test subject; Simultaneous control of the weight of the weight container by a controlled supply and / or discharge of the liquid, the force exerted and / or movement of the weight container being measured during the process and the weight being controlled on the basis of these variables.

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9. The method according to claim 8 for isometric and / or eccentric strength training of an adaptive force, comprising the following steps:

10. The method according to claim 8 for isometric and / or concentric strength training, comprising the following steps: slowly reducing an initial weight of the lowered weight container that cannot be lifted by the test person by draining the liquid so that the test person can lift the weight container as soon as the weight is at its maximum applied force. preferably continuous, especially slow drainage of the liquid until it is lifted into a final training position of the test person corresponding to a final height of the weight container,

Termination and / or repetition of the procedure.

11. Method according to the preceding claims 8-10 for isometric, eccentric and / or concentric strength training of an adaptive force, both methods being applied alternately one after the other at least once.

12. The method of claim 8 for submaximal isometric strength training of an adaptive force, comprising the following steps:

13. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims 8-12, comprising the following steps:

Adaptation of a weight of the weight container by supplying and / or discharging the liquid so that the test person can hold the weight container statically at a fixed target height;

28 continuous and / or gradual increase in weight by adding the liquid, so that holding is no longer possible and holding turns into yielding;

Reducing the weight of the weight container by draining the liquid so that the test person can raise the weight container again to the target height; Repeat the steps described, with the weight being adjusted to the level of fatigue of the test person.

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