WO2021032412A1 - Système de batterie comprenant un dispositif de court-circuit pour déclencher un fusible pour un véhicule à moteur, procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de batterie net véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Système de batterie comprenant un dispositif de court-circuit pour déclencher un fusible pour un véhicule à moteur, procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de batterie net véhicule à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021032412A1
WO2021032412A1 PCT/EP2020/071199 EP2020071199W WO2021032412A1 WO 2021032412 A1 WO2021032412 A1 WO 2021032412A1 EP 2020071199 W EP2020071199 W EP 2020071199W WO 2021032412 A1 WO2021032412 A1 WO 2021032412A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching element
connection
switching
battery module
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/071199
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Oehl
Andreas Gleiter
Sven Landa
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP20747393.5A priority Critical patent/EP4018521A1/fr
Priority to CN202080060795.9A priority patent/CN114302830A/zh
Publication of WO2021032412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021032412A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery system for a motor vehicle which comprises a battery module, which has an internal voltage source, a positive pole and a negative pole, and a switching unit for electrically connecting the battery module to an on-board network of the motor vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a battery system according to the invention and to a motor vehicle that has a corresponding battery system.
  • Conventional motor vehicles have a drive which usually comprises an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, conventional motor vehicles include a battery system for supplying a starter and other consumers of the motor vehicle with electrical energy and a generator for charging the battery system. Electric vehicles have a battery system for supplying a traction motor and other consumers with electrical energy.
  • a generic battery system of a conventional motor vehicle comprises a battery module with at least one, preferably with several battery cells, which are for example connected in series.
  • a battery module has a nominal voltage of 12 V, 24 V or 48 V, for example.
  • An output voltage of a battery system of a conventional motor vehicle corresponds to the nominal voltage of the battery module.
  • a battery system of an electric vehicle can comprise several serially connected battery modules and thus have a higher output voltage of 600 V, for example.
  • a generic battery system also includes a switching unit for electrically connecting the battery module to an on-board network of the Motor vehicle. By activating the switching unit accordingly, the battery module can be electrically connected to the vehicle electrical system and also disconnected from the electrical system.
  • the battery cells of the battery module are, for example, lithium-ion battery cells. If a short circuit occurs in the vehicle electrical system connected to the battery module, this can cause a relatively high short circuit current which flows through the battery module. A high short-circuit current can destroy the battery cells of the battery module.
  • the document US 5,602,460 A discloses a battery pack with a protection circuit against an overcharge current. Battery cells of the battery pack can be charged by a charger. If an excessively high charging current is detected when charging the battery cells, an overcurrent switch is opened, whereby the battery cells are disconnected from the charger.
  • a hybrid drive train system is known from the documents DE 10 2011 110 906 A1 and CN 102 398507 B, which contains a high-voltage battery and a DC coupling which is coupled to a rectifier / inverter module.
  • the rectifier / inverter module is electrically connected to two torque machines and includes a switch device which includes a pair of power transistors.
  • the document WO 2017/064820 A1 discloses a system for generating electrical energy with a generator and with a frequency converter.
  • Said frequency converter has a switching unit with several switching elements.
  • a battery system for a motor vehicle comprises a battery module, which has an internal voltage source, a positive pole and a negative pole, and a switching unit for electrically connecting the battery module to an electrical system of the motor vehicle.
  • the battery module can thus electrically connected to the electrical system of the motor vehicle and disconnected from the electrical system.
  • the battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells, which can be connected to one another both in series and in parallel within the battery module.
  • the battery cells are preferably designed as lithium ion battery cells.
  • the battery cells simulate electrical voltage sources.
  • the electrical voltage sources of the battery cells form the internal voltage source of the battery module.
  • Internal resistances of the battery cells and a resistance of electrical lines form an internal resistance of the battery module.
  • An inductance of the electrical lines forms an internal inductance of the battery module.
  • the switching unit has a first switching element, a second switching element and a third switching element.
  • the switching elements each have three connections, a switching path being formed between a first connection and a second connection, which can be controlled by means of a third connection.
  • a first connection of the first switching element is connected to a junction, and a second connection of the first switching element is connected to one of the poles of the battery module.
  • a first connection of the second switching element is connected to the node, and a second connection of the second switching element can be connected to the electrical system of the motor vehicle.
  • a first connection of the third switching element is connected to the other of the poles of the battery module and can be connected to the electrical system of the motor vehicle.
  • a second connection of the third switching element is connected to the node.
  • the second connection of the first switching element is connected to the positive pole of the battery module.
  • the first connection of the third switching element is then connected to the negative pole of the battery module.
  • the negative pole of the battery module can be directly connected to the vehicle electrical system.
  • the battery module also has a fuse element which is connected in series with the internal voltage source.
  • the Fuse element trips when too high a current flows through the internal voltage source and the fuse element.
  • the fuse element thus opens a circuit in the battery module in order to prevent an excessively high current from destroying the battery cells of the battery module.
  • the inventive interconnection of the switching elements of the switching unit enables multiple switching states of the battery system.
  • a first switching state when the first switching element is open, no current can flow through the battery module.
  • a second switching state when the first switching element is closed, the second switching element is closed and the third switching element is open, a current can flow through the battery module and through the electrical system of the motor vehicle.
  • a third switching state when the first switching element is closed and the third switching element is closed, a relatively high short-circuit current can also flow through the battery module. Said short-circuit current in particular also flows through the fuse element and in the process causes the fuse element to trip.
  • the fuse element is designed as a fuse. If too high a current flows through the fuse element, said fuse melts and the circuit in the battery module is opened as a result. The circuit also remains open, and automatic reconnection of the battery module to the vehicle's electrical system is prevented.
  • the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element are designed as field effect transistors and each have a SOURCE connection, a DRAIN connection and a GATE connection.
  • the switching elements are connected in such a way that the first connection is the SOURCE connection, the second connection is the DRAIN connection and the third connection is the GATE connection.
  • the switching elements are MOSFETs, in particular n-channel MOSFETs of the enhancement type.
  • the SOURCE connections of the first switching element and the second switching element are therefore connected to one another via the node.
  • the first switching element and the second switching element can, however, also be interconnected in such a way that the first connection is the DRAIN connection, the second connection is the SOURCE connection and the third connection is the GATE connection.
  • the DRAIN connections of the first switching element and the second switching element would then be connected to one another via the node.
  • the switching path of the switching elements is therefore formed between the SOURCE connection and the DRAIN connection of the field effect transistor.
  • the switching path can be controlled by applying a voltage to the GATE connection.
  • the relevant switching element can be closed and opened by applying a corresponding voltage to the GATE connection.
  • the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element of the switching unit preferably each have a switching path and an inverse diode connected in parallel to the switching path, which is also referred to as a body diode.
  • the inverse diode of the switching elements is also formed between the SOURCE connection and the DRAIN connection of the field effect transistor.
  • the battery system further comprises a control device for activating the switching elements of the switching unit and a current sensor for measuring a current flowing through the first switching element.
  • the current sensor is in communication with the control unit and transmits in particular Measured values of a flowing current to the control unit.
  • the control device is, for example, electrically connected to the GATE connections of the switching elements of the switching unit.
  • the battery system is electrically connected in such a way that a current flowing through the fuse element of the battery module also flows through the first switching element of the switching unit. By measuring the current flowing through the first switching element, the current flowing through the fuse is also known.
  • the control device is set up to close the third switching element of the switching unit when the current flowing through the first switching element exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • the control device has, for example, a processor and a memory area in which the corresponding program code is stored.
  • a method for operating a battery system according to the invention is also proposed.
  • the third switching element of the switching unit is closed when a current flowing through the first switching element exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • Said threshold value of the current is preferably smaller than a value of a current at which the fuse element trips.
  • the battery system is electrically connected in such a way that a current flowing through the fuse of the battery module also flows through the first switching element of the switching unit.
  • the current flowing through the first switching element thus corresponds to the current flowing through the fuse.
  • the third switching element is closed by a control device.
  • the control device is used in particular to control the switching elements of the switching unit and is, for example, electrically connected to the GATE connections of the switching elements of the switching unit.
  • the current flowing through the first switching element is preferably measured by a current sensor which is in communication with the control device. As already mentioned, the current flowing through the first switching element corresponds to the current flowing through the fuse.
  • a motor vehicle which comprises at least one battery system according to the invention, which is operated with the method according to the invention.
  • the battery cells are advantageously protected against excessive current by means of the fuse element, which current could otherwise destroy the battery cells.
  • Said fuse element triggers if too high a current flows through the internal voltage source and the fuse element and opens a circuit in the battery module. If the fuse element is designed as a fuse, the circuit remains open. For example, after the fuse element has been triggered, the cause can first be searched for and eliminated, and then a new fuse can be inserted into the battery module.
  • the safety element By means of the method according to the invention, it is also possible to trigger the safety element in a targeted manner in a battery system according to the invention for a motor vehicle.
  • a relatively high short-circuit current can be generated, which in particular also through the Fuse element flows.
  • the said short-circuit current immediately triggers the fuse element, whereby the current is switched off.
  • the targeted triggering of the fuse element can be used, for example, when a relatively high current flows through the internal voltage source and the fuse element, but which is not high enough to cause the fuse element to trigger. Such a current could damage or destroy the battery cells of the battery module.
  • the targeted triggering of the fuse element advantageously prevents damage and destruction of the battery cells.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a battery system on an electrical system of a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a battery system 10 on an on-board network 70 of a motor vehicle.
  • the battery system 10 comprises a battery module 5, a switching unit 60 and a control device 32.
  • the switching unit 60 is used to electrically connect the battery module 5 to the on-board network 70 of the motor vehicle.
  • the control device 32 is used in particular to control the switching unit 60.
  • the battery module 5 comprises several battery cells, not shown here, which can be connected to one another both in series and in parallel within the battery module 5. Each of the battery cells simulates an electrical voltage source.
  • the electrical voltage sources of the battery cells form an internal voltage source Vi.
  • Each of the battery cells has an internal resistance.
  • the internal resistances of the battery cells and an electrical resistance of electrical lines form an internal resistance, not shown here, of the battery module 5.
  • Inductances of the electrical lines form an internal inductance Li of the battery module 5.
  • the battery module 5 also has a fuse element 30, which is connected in series with the internal voltage source Vi and in series with the internal inductance Li. When the fuse element 30 trips, the fuse element 30 opens a circuit in the battery module 5.
  • the battery module 5 also has a positive pole 22 and a negative pole 21. When idling, a voltage supplied by the internal voltage source Vi is applied between the positive pole 22 and the negative pole 21 of the battery module 5.
  • the switching unit 60 has a first switching element 61, a second switching element 62 and a third switching element 63.
  • the switching elements 61, 62, 63 each have three connections, a switching path being formed between a first connection and a second connection, which can be controlled by means of a third connection.
  • the first switching element 61, the second switching element 62 and the third switching element 63 are in the present case designed as field effect transistors.
  • the switching elements 61, 62, 63 each have a SOURCE connection, a DRAIN connection and a GATE connection.
  • the first connection is the SOURCE connection
  • the second connection is the DRAIN connection
  • the third connection is the GATE connection.
  • the respective switching path can be controlled by applying a voltage to the GATE connection of the corresponding switching element 61, 62, 63.
  • the relevant switching element 61, 62, 63 can be closed and opened by applying a corresponding voltage to the GATE connection.
  • the switching elements 61, 62, 63 are in the present case n-channel MOSFETs of the enhancement type.
  • the switching elements 61, 62, 63 each have a switching path and an inverse diode connected in parallel to the switching path.
  • the inverse diode which is also referred to as a body diode, is created in every MOSFET due to its internal structure and is not an explicit component.
  • the first connection of the first switching element 61 is connected to a node 25.
  • a second connection of the first switching element 61 is connected to the positive pole 22 of the battery module 5.
  • a first connection of the second switching element 62 is connected to the node 25.
  • a second connection of the second switching element 62 is connected to the vehicle electrical system 70 of the motor vehicle.
  • a first connection of the third switching element 63 is connected to the negative pole 21 of the battery module 5 and to the electrical system 70 of the motor vehicle.
  • a second connection of the third switching element 63 is connected to the node 25.
  • the SOURCE connections of the first switching element 61 and of the second switching element 62 are therefore connected to one another via the node 25.
  • the first switching element 61 and the second switching element 62 can also be interconnected in such a way that the first connection is the DRAIN connection, the second connection is the SOURCE connection and the third connection is the GATE connection.
  • the DRAIN connections of the first switching element 61 and of the second switching element 62 would be connected to one another via the node 25.
  • the battery system 10 further comprises a current sensor 34 for measuring a current I flowing through the first switching element 61.
  • the battery system 10 is electrically connected in such a way that the current I flowing through the first switching element 61 of the switching unit 60 also flows through the fuse element 30 of the battery module 5 .
  • the current I flowing through the first switching element 61 thus corresponds to the current I flowing through the fuse element 30.
  • the control unit 32 is in communication with the current sensor 34.
  • the current sensor 34 transmits, in particular, measured values of the flowing current I to the control unit 32.
  • the control unit 32 is also electrically connected to the GATE connections of the switching elements 61, 62, 63 of the switching unit 60. By applying a corresponding voltage to a GATE connection, the relevant switching element 61, 62, 63 can be closed and opened.
  • a short-circuit current flows through the battery module 5, through the first switching element 61 and the second switching element 62, and through the on-board network 70 Circuit opens.
  • a fault can occur in the on-board network 70 of the motor vehicle, through which a current I flows that is not high enough to cause the fuse element 30 to trip. However, this current I could be high enough to damage or destroy the battery cells of the battery module 5.
  • the third switching element 63 of the switching unit 60 is closed by the control device 32.
  • a short circuit then occurs and a short circuit current flows through the battery module 5, through the first switching element 61 and the third switching element 63.
  • the short circuit current flows through the fuse element 30, which then trips and opens the circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de batterie (10) destiné à un véhicule à moteur, comprenant un module de batterie (5) qui présente une source de tension interne (Vi), un pôle positif (22) et un pôle négatif (21), et une unité de commutation (60) pour connecter électriquement le module de batterie (5) à un réseau de bord (70) du véhicule à moteur. L'unité de commutation (60) présente un premier élément de commutation (61), un deuxième élément de commutation (62) et un troisième élément de commutation (63), une première borne du premier élément de commutation (61) étant reliée à un nœud (25), une seconde borne du premier élément de commutation (61) étant reliée à l'un des pôles (21, 22) du module de batterie (5), une première borne du deuxième élément de commutation (62) étant reliée au nœud (25), une seconde borne du deuxième élément de commutation (62) pouvant être reliée au réseau de bord (70), une première borne du troisième élément de commutation (63) étant reliée à l'autre des pôles (21, 22) du module de batterie (5) et pouvant être reliée au réseau de bord (70), et une seconde borne du troisième élément de commutation (63) étant reliée au nœud (25). Le module de batterie (5) présente également un élément de sécurité (30) qui est connecté en série avec la source de tension interne (Vi). L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de batterie (10) selon l'invention, le troisième élément de commutation (63) étant fermé lorsqu'un courant (I) qui traverse le premier élément de commutation (61) dépasse une valeur seuil prédéfinie. L'invention concerne en outre un véhicule à moteur qui comprend au moins un système de batterie (10) selon l'invention qui fonctionne à l'aide d'un procédé selon l'invention.
PCT/EP2020/071199 2019-08-21 2020-07-28 Système de batterie comprenant un dispositif de court-circuit pour déclencher un fusible pour un véhicule à moteur, procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de batterie net véhicule à moteur WO2021032412A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20747393.5A EP4018521A1 (fr) 2019-08-21 2020-07-28 Système de batterie comprenant un dispositif de court-circuit pour déclencher un fusible pour un véhicule à moteur, procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de batterie net véhicule à moteur
CN202080060795.9A CN114302830A (zh) 2019-08-21 2020-07-28 机动车的具有用于触发熔断保险装置的短路装置的电池系统、运行电池系统的方法和机动车

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019212473.9A DE102019212473A1 (de) 2019-08-21 2019-08-21 Batteriesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Batteriesystems und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102019212473.9 2019-08-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021032412A1 true WO2021032412A1 (fr) 2021-02-25

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EP (1) EP4018521A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114302830A (fr)
DE (1) DE102019212473A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021032412A1 (fr)

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WO2022191756A1 (fr) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Scania Cv Ab Agencement de jonction de batterie électrique et système électrique

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DE102021202408A1 (de) 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Batteriesystem
DE102021208466A1 (de) 2021-08-04 2023-02-09 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Trennschaltereinheit

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US5602460A (en) 1995-04-28 1997-02-11 Motorola, Inc. Overcharge current protection circuit and battery pack using same
DE102011110906A1 (de) 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc, ( N.D. Ges. D. Staates Delaware) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer Hochspannungsbatterieverbindung für ein Hybridantriebsstrangsystem
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DE102016213851A1 (de) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriesystem, Controller und Verfahren zum Trennen eines Stromflusses zwischen einer Batterie und einem Verbraucher der Batterie
DE202018006154U1 (de) * 2018-03-09 2019-06-17 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Trennvorrichtung zur Gleichstromunterbrechung eines Strompfads, und Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs

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JP2015196453A (ja) * 2014-04-01 2015-11-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両
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US5602460A (en) 1995-04-28 1997-02-11 Motorola, Inc. Overcharge current protection circuit and battery pack using same
DE102011110906A1 (de) 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc, ( N.D. Ges. D. Staates Delaware) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer Hochspannungsbatterieverbindung für ein Hybridantriebsstrangsystem
CN102398507A (zh) 2010-09-02 2012-04-04 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于控制混合动力系系统的高压电池连接的方法和设备
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DE102016213851A1 (de) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriesystem, Controller und Verfahren zum Trennen eines Stromflusses zwischen einer Batterie und einem Verbraucher der Batterie
DE202018006154U1 (de) * 2018-03-09 2019-06-17 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Trennvorrichtung zur Gleichstromunterbrechung eines Strompfads, und Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs

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WO2022191756A1 (fr) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Scania Cv Ab Agencement de jonction de batterie électrique et système électrique

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DE102019212473A1 (de) 2021-02-25
CN114302830A (zh) 2022-04-08
EP4018521A1 (fr) 2022-06-29

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