WO2021032050A1 - 一种直流能量动态调节系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种直流能量动态调节系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2021032050A1
WO2021032050A1 PCT/CN2020/109539 CN2020109539W WO2021032050A1 WO 2021032050 A1 WO2021032050 A1 WO 2021032050A1 CN 2020109539 W CN2020109539 W CN 2020109539W WO 2021032050 A1 WO2021032050 A1 WO 2021032050A1
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communication
module
units
energy consumption
control unit
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PCT/CN2020/109539
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谢晔源
王宇
姜田贵
李海英
曹冬明
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南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021032050A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021032050A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network

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  • This application relates to the technical field of high-power power electronic converters, and specifically relates to a DC energy dynamic adjustment system and a control method thereof.
  • the DC energy dynamic adjustment system is applied to the application of HVDC energy consumption.
  • the HVDC energy consumption is mainly used in the application scenarios of island power supply. If the generating end is an inertial power source similar to wind power, when the receiving end When a fault occurs, because the power cannot be sent, energy will be accumulated on the DC side, causing the voltage of the DC transmission line to rise, which will harm the safe operation of the equipment.
  • the existing high-voltage direct current transmission technology or direct current energy consumption technology adopts modular multi-level technology, and the system contains a large number of sub-modules and power semiconductor devices. In order to ensure the reliability of control and communication, the control system usually uses multiple Level.
  • the main controller or valve controller communicates with the sub-modules in a point-to-point manner. Due to the large number of sub-modules, this method is more complicated, costly, and communication delay will increase.
  • the communication network is adopted, that is, end-to-end communication can greatly reduce the cost of communication.
  • the control units of the sub-modules are all powered by the DC capacitors of this module or other primary circuit parts. Once the sub-module fails, the bypass switch will be closed. . The sub-module is bypassed from the primary circuit, and the communication unit of the sub-module control unit cannot work normally, so the entire communication network runs in an open loop. When the sub-module bypass occurs again, the sub-module between the two failures must be forced to bypass, which seriously reduces the reliability of the system.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a DC energy dynamic adjustment system, which includes N equalizing and energy consuming modules connected in series in the same direction, M sub-module control units, and a main control unit, where M ⁇ N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
  • the voltage equalization energy consumption module includes a DC capacitor and an energy consumption branch connected in parallel, the energy consumption branch includes a first power semiconductor device, an energy dissipation resistor, and a bypass switch, the energy dissipation resistor and the first A power semiconductor device is connected in series; the bypass switch is connected in parallel with the first power semiconductor device;
  • the sub-module control unit includes at least two communication units;
  • the main control unit includes a first group of communication units, the The first group of communication units includes at least one communication unit; the communication units of the M sub-module control units are connected in series with any communication unit in the first group of communication units of the main control unit to form a communication network.
  • the communication unit includes a light receiving unit and a light emitting unit, and the cascading manner of the communication unit is that the light receiving unit of one communication unit is connected to the light emitting unit of another communication unit, and the light emitting unit is connected to the other communication unit.
  • the light receiving unit of a communication unit is connected.
  • the first group of communication units of the main control unit includes at least two communication units; the serial communication units of the M sub-module control units respectively communicate with two of the first group of communication units.
  • the units are connected to form a closed-loop communication network.
  • the main control unit further includes a second group of communication units, the second group of communication units includes at least one communication unit, any one of the M sub-module control units is provided with a redundant communication unit, so The second group of communication units of the main control unit communicate with the sub-module control unit where the redundant communication unit is located through the redundant communication unit.
  • the sub-module control unit is arranged nearby the voltage equalization energy consumption module to control the on and off of the first power semiconductor device and the bypass switch in the voltage equalization energy consumption module, and the main The control unit is arranged at the remote ground potential.
  • the communication units of the M sub-module control units are divided into K groups, K is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the first group of communication units of the main control unit includes at least K communication units, and each group of the sub-modules The communication unit of the control unit is connected in series with the communication unit of the main control unit to form K communication subnets.
  • the communication unit of the sub-module control unit is provided with a redundant power supply loop, and the power supply mode is to obtain energy from the DC capacitor of the voltage equalization energy consumption module to which it belongs, and pass the adjacent voltage equalization At least one of energy extraction and laser energy extraction in the DC capacitor of the energy consumption module.
  • the redundant power supply circuit of the communication unit of the sub-module control unit adopts magnetic isolation or optical isolation.
  • the first group or the second group of communication units of the main control unit is powered by a dual power supply.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method of the DC energy dynamic adjustment system, including: when a communication unit of a sub-module control unit of any of the voltage equalization energy consumption modules detects its own communication failure or an internal failure of the module, Close the bypass switch of the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module, and the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to the bypass switch in series with energy consumption resistors, which are connected in series to the DC energy dynamic adjustment system; the original communication network is all faults.
  • the communication module of the pressure energy consumption module is disconnected, and all the voltage equalization energy consumption modules with disconnected communication execute the bypass switch closing command.
  • control method further includes: when any communication unit in the first group of communication units of the main control unit fails or the communication link connected to it fails, the first group of communication units exits Running, the voltage equalization and energy consumption modules with communication disconnected all execute the bypass switch close command.
  • the control method further includes: when one of the communication units of the first group of communication units of the main control unit fails or is connected to it When the communication link fails, the communication unit exits operation, and another communication unit forms an open-loop communication network with the communication units of the M sub-module control units.
  • control method further includes: the original closed-loop communication network is disconnected from the communication module of the fault voltage equalization energy consumption module to form two independent open-loop communication networks, the fault voltage equalization The energy consumption module is defined as the first faulty module.
  • the other voltage equalization energy consumption module when another voltage equalization energy consumption module is bypassed in two independent open-loop communication networks, the other voltage equalization energy consumption module is recorded as the second faulty module, and the first fault The voltage equalization and energy consumption modules between the module and the second faulty module all execute the bypass switch close command.
  • the control method further includes: the communication unit of the sub-module control unit of the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module uses a redundant power supply mode
  • the communication units of the M sub-module control units and the main control unit still constitute a communication network.
  • the bypass switch of the voltage equalization energy consumption module adjacent to the faulty voltage equalization energy consumption module when the bypass switch of the voltage equalization energy consumption module adjacent to the faulty voltage equalization energy consumption module is closed, the original communication network changes from the faulty voltage equalization energy consumption module to the adjacent voltage equalization energy consumption module.
  • the communication module is disconnected, all the voltage equalization energy consumption modules with the communication disconnected execute the bypass switch close command.
  • the control method further includes: when one or more communication units of the first group of communication units of the main control unit fail or the communication link connected to it When the circuit fails, the first group of communication units will exit operation, switch to the second group of communication units of the main control unit, and form a communication network with the communication units of the M sub-module control units.
  • the voltage equalization energy consumption module includes a two-stage bypass mode.
  • the bypass switch When the bypass switch is closed, the voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to an energy dissipation resistor series bypass switch, which is actually equivalent to The energy resistor is serially connected to the primary circuit.
  • the energy consumption resistor can still play a role in energy consumption.
  • the bypass switch When the bypass switch is closed, the energy consumption capacity of the system is not excessively lost due to the bypass, it is only because the first power semiconductor device is bypassed, and the control ability of resistance input and withdrawal is lost, and a single voltage equalization The investment and withdrawal of energy consumption have little impact on the overall energy consumption effect.
  • the present invention proposes a closed-loop communication networking method based on the above voltage equalization and energy consumption module, only at the remote ground potential Set up a main control unit at the same place, through a small amount of optical fiber, connected with the communication unit of the voltage equalization energy consumption module end to end to form one or several closed-loop closed-loop communication networking, which greatly reduces the complexity of the communication system and reduces the cost.
  • FIG. 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a second structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a third structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a fourth structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single voltage equalization energy consumption module failure in a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a failure of two voltage equalization energy consumption modules in a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is an equivalent schematic diagram of a bypass of a voltage equalization and energy consumption module in the prior art.
  • FIG. 8 is an equivalent schematic diagram of a bypass of a voltage equalization and energy consumption module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC energy dynamic adjustment system includes N voltage equalizing energy consumption modules 1 connected in series in the same direction, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the voltage equalization and energy consumption module includes a DC capacitor 3 and an energy consumption branch connected in parallel.
  • the energy consumption branch includes a first power semiconductor device 2, an energy consumption resistor 4 and a bypass switch 5.
  • the energy dissipation resistor 4 is connected in series with the first power semiconductor device 2, and the bypass switch 5 is connected in parallel with the first power semiconductor device 2.
  • the DC energy dynamic adjustment system also includes M sub-module control units 7 and a main control unit 11, where M ⁇ N.
  • the sub-module control unit 7 includes at least two communication units 8.
  • the main control unit 11 includes a first group of communication units 12, and the first group of communication units 12 includes at least one communication unit.
  • the communication units 8 of the M sub-module control units 7 are connected in series with any communication unit in the first group of communication units 12 of the main control unit 11 to form a communication network.
  • the communication unit 8 of the sub-module control unit 7 includes a light receiving unit 9 and a light emitting unit 10.
  • the communication unit of the first group of communication units 12 of the main control unit 11 includes a light receiving unit 13 and a light emitting unit 14.
  • the sub-module control unit 7 is arranged nearby the voltage equalization energy consumption module 1, and can control the on and off of the first power semiconductor device 2 and the bypass switch 5 in the voltage equalization energy consumption module 1.
  • the main control unit 11 is arranged at At the remote ground potential.
  • the voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to the bypass switch in series into the primary system after bypassing.
  • the actual submodule is equivalent to a zero resistance wire, which is completely useless. Therefore, a certain amount of redundancy is required. I sub-modules. Therefore, when the existing modular converter adopts the cascaded communication networking mode, the sub-modules connected to the main controller become the key node, and once a failure occurs, a large number of sub-modules will be forced to bypass. At the same time, a large number of sub-modules between any two sub-modules are at risk of being forced to bypass, and the bypassed sub-modules cannot perform the original set functions, resulting in a decrease in the reliability of the system.
  • the voltage equalization and energy consumption module includes a two-stage bypass mode.
  • the voltage equalization and energy consumption module is equivalent to an energy dissipation resistor series bypass switch, as shown in FIG. 8, Actually, it is equivalent to stringing the energy dissipation resistor into the primary circuit.
  • the energy dissipation resistor can still play the role of energy consumption.
  • the present invention proposes a closed-loop communication networking method based on the above voltage equalization and energy consumption module, only at the remote ground potential Set up a main control unit at the same place, through a small amount of optical fiber, connected with the communication unit of the voltage equalization energy consumption module end to end to form one or several closed-loop closed-loop communication networking, which greatly reduces the complexity of the communication system and reduces the cost.
  • Fig. 2 is a second structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first group of communication units 12 of the main control unit 11 includes at least two communication units. After the communication units of the M sub-module control units 7 are connected in series, the head and the tail are respectively connected with two communication units in the first group of communication units 12 to form a closed-loop communication network.
  • Fig. 3 is a third structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the main control unit further includes a second group of communication units 15.
  • the second group of communication units 15 includes at least one communication unit, and any one of the M sub-module control units is configured
  • the redundant communication unit 16 the second group of communication units of the main control unit independently communicate with the sub-module control unit through the redundant communication unit.
  • Fig. 4 is the fourth structural diagram of a DC energy dynamic adjustment system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication units 8 of the M sub-module control units 7 are divided into K groups, K is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the first group of communication units 12 of the main control unit 11 includes at least K communication units, the communication unit 8 of each group of sub-module control unit 7 is connected in series with the communication unit 12 of the main control unit 11 to form K communication subnets.
  • K 2, including two independent closed-loop communication networking.
  • the power supply loop of the communication unit of the sub-module control unit is redundantly set, and the power supply mode is one or a combination of the following methods.
  • the redundant power supply loop of the communication unit of the sub-module control unit 7 adopts magnetic isolation or optical isolation.
  • the first group of communication units or the second group of communication units of the main control unit 11 are powered by a dual power supply.
  • the communication unit of the pressure equalization energy consumption module is provided with multiple energy acquisition methods, including the nearby energy acquisition of the module, the energy acquisition of the adjacent pressure equalization energy consumption module, the laser function, or multiple modes at the same time.
  • the communication unit of the voltage equalization energy consumption module can also be energized by the adjacent voltage equalization energy consumption module without interrupting the communication network.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method of the DC energy dynamic adjustment system.
  • the communication unit of the sub-module control unit of any voltage equalization energy consumption module detects its own communication failure or module internal failure, it closes the bypass switch of the voltage equalization energy consumption module, and the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to a bypass
  • the circuit switch is connected in series with energy-consuming resistors and connected in series to the DC energy dynamic adjustment system.
  • the original communication network is disconnected from the communication module of the faulty voltage-balancing energy-consuming module, and all the voltage-balancing energy-consuming modules with disconnected communication execute bypass switches. Close command.
  • the communication unit exits operation, and the other communication unit forms an open loop with the communication units of the M sub-module control units Communication network.
  • the communication unit of the sub-module control unit of any voltage equalization energy consumption module detects its own communication failure or module internal failure, it closes the bypass switch of the voltage equalization energy consumption module, and the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to a bypass
  • the circuit switch is connected in series with energy-consuming resistors and connected to the DC energy dynamic adjustment system.
  • the original closed-loop communication network is disconnected from the communication module of the faulty voltage equalization energy-consuming module to form two independent open-loop communication networks.
  • the module is defined as the first faulty module.
  • the two-way communication network is split at the faulty module and divided into two independent open-loop communication networks. Although the open-loop communication network does not form a closed loop, the main control unit can still communicate with the voltage equalization and energy consumption module that has not failed. As shown in Figure 5.
  • the voltage equalization energy consumption module When there is another voltage equalization energy consumption module bypassed in two independent open-loop communication networks, the voltage equalization energy consumption module is recorded as the second faulty module, and the difference between the first faulty module and the second faulty module The voltage equalization and energy consumption modules all execute the bypass switch close command.
  • the communication unit of the sub-module control unit of any voltage equalization energy consumption module detects its own communication failure or module internal failure, it closes the bypass switch of the voltage equalization energy consumption module, and the failed voltage equalization energy consumption module is equivalent to a bypass
  • the circuit switch is connected in series with energy consumption resistors and connected in series to the DC energy dynamic adjustment system.
  • the communication unit of the sub-module control unit of the voltage equalization energy consumption module continues to work in other redundant energy supply modes.
  • the M sub-module control units and the main control unit The communication unit still constitutes a communication network.
  • the first group of communication units of the main control unit fails or the communication link connected to it fails, the first group of communication units exits operation and switches to the second group of communication units of the main control unit.
  • the communication units of the M sub-module control units form a communication network.
  • a cascaded closed-loop communication networking is adopted.
  • the closed-loop communication networking can be de-serialized at the faulty module to form two cascaded open loops
  • communication networking when module failure bypass occurs again, the voltage equalization and energy consumption module between the two failed modules can be bypassed, which greatly improves communication reliability.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种直流能量动态调节系统及其控制方法。所述直流能量动态调节系统包括同方向串联连接的N个均压耗能模块、M个子模块控制单元以及主控制单元，M≤N，N为大于等于2的整数；其中，所述均压耗能模块包括并联连接的直流电容和耗能支路，所述耗能支路包括第一功率半导体器件、耗能电阻和旁路开关，所述耗能电阻与所述第一功率半导体器件串联连接；所述旁路开关与所述第一功率半导体器件并联连接；所述子模块控制单元包括至少两个通讯单元；所述主控制单元包括第一组通讯单元，所述第一组通讯单元包括至少一个通讯单元；所述M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后与主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中的任一通讯单元连接，构成通讯组网。

Description

一种直流能量动态调节系统及其控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及大功率电力电子变流技术领域，具体涉及一种直流能量动态调节系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
在高压直流输电系统中，直流能量动态调节系统应用于高压直流耗能的应用场合，高压直流耗能主要应用于孤岛供电的应用场景，如果发电端为与风电类似的惯性电源，当受电端发生故障时，由于功率无法送出，将在直流侧累积能量，造成直流输电线路的电压升高，对设备的安全运行造成危害。
现有高压直流输电技术或者直流耗能技术均采用了模块化多电平的技术，系统中均包含大量的子模块以及功率半导体器件，为了确保控制和通讯的可靠性，控制系统通常采用多个层级。
其中主控制器或阀控制器与子模块通讯时均采用点对点的方式，由于子模块的数量大，因此这种方式复杂度较高，成本很高，通讯延时也会增加。
如果采用通讯组网的方式，即首尾相连的通讯方式可以很大程度降低通讯的成本。但无法采用首尾级联的组网通讯方式的一个主要原因是：子模块的控制单元均是通过本模块的直流电容或其他一次电路部分取能，一旦子模块发生故障，会将旁路开关闭合。子模块从一次电路中被旁路，子模块控制单元的通讯单元无法正常工作，这样整个通讯组网开环运行。当再次发生子模块旁路时，则两次故障之间的子模块必须强迫旁路，严重降低了系统的可靠性。
因此，在现有技术中由于无法解决上述问题，需要采用成本更高的点对点的通讯方式。但点对点方式引入了更多的通讯端口和通讯链路，故障概率上升。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种直流能量动态调节系统，包括同方向串联连接的N个均压耗能模块、M个子模块控制单元以及主控制单元，M≤N，N为大于等于2的整数；其中，所述均压耗能模块包括并联连接的直流电容和耗能支路，所述耗能支路包括第一功率半导体器件、耗能电阻和旁路开关，所述耗能电阻与所述第一功率半导体器件串联连接；所述旁路开关与所述第一功率半导体器件并联连接；所述子模块控制单元包括至少两个通讯单元；所述主控制单元包括第一组通讯单元，所述第一组通讯单元包括至少一个通讯单元；所述M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后与主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中的任一通讯单元连接，构成通讯组网。
根据一些实施例，所述通讯单元包括光接收单元与光发射单元，所述通讯单元的级联方式为一个通讯单元的光接收单元与另一个通讯单元的光发射单元连接，光发射单元与另一个通讯单元的光接收单元连接。
根据一些实施例，所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少两个通讯单元；M个所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后的首尾分别与第一组通讯单元中的两个通讯单元相连，构成闭环通讯组网。
根据一些实施例，所述主控制单元还包括第二组通讯单元，所述第二组通讯单元包括至少一个通讯单元，M个所述子模块控制单元中的任一个设置冗余通讯单元，所述主控制单元的第二组通讯单元与所述冗余通讯单元所在的子模块控制单元通过所述冗 余通讯单元通讯。
根据一些实施例，所述子模块控制单元就近布置在所述均压耗能模块处，控制所述均压耗能模块中第一功率半导体器件和旁路开关的开通、关断，所述主控制单元布置在远端地电位处。
根据一些实施例，所述M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元分为K组，K为大于等于2的整数，主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少K个通讯单元，每组所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后与所述主控制单元的通讯单元连接，构成K个通讯子网。
根据一些实施例，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元设置冗余供电回路，供电方式为通过所属的所述均压耗能模块的所述直流电容中取能、通过相邻的所述均压耗能模块的所述直流电容中取能和通过激光取能的至少一种。
根据一些实施例，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元的冗余供电回路采用磁隔离或光隔离方式。
根据一些实施例，所述主控制单元的第一组或第二组通讯单元由双路电源供电。
本申请实施例还提供一种所述直流能量动态调节系统的控制方法，包括：当任一个所述均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元检测到自身通讯故障或模块内部故障时，闭合故障的均压耗能模块的旁路开关，则故障的均压耗能模块等效为旁路开关串联耗能电阻，串入直流能量动态调节系统中；原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
根据一些实施例，所述控制方法还包括：当所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中任一通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则所述第一组通讯单元退出运行，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
根据一些实施例，所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少两个通讯单元时，所述控制方法还包括：当主控制单元的第一组通讯单元的其中一个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则所述通讯单元退出运行，由另一个通讯单元与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成开环的通讯组网。
根据一些实施例，所述的控制方法还包括：原有的闭环通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，形成两个独立的开环通讯组网，所述故障均压耗能模块定义为第一故障模块。
根据一些实施例，当两个独立的开环通讯组网中有另外的一个均压耗能模块旁路时，所述另外的一个均压耗能模块记为第二故障模块，则第一故障模块与第二故障模块之间的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关闭合命令。
根据一些实施例，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元设置冗余供电回路时，所述控制方法还包括：所述故障均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元以冗余供能方式继续工作，M个子模块控制单元与主控制单元的通讯单元仍构成通讯组网。
根据一些实施例，当与故障均压耗能模块相邻的均压耗能模块的旁路开关闭合时，原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块与相邻均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
根据一些实施例，所述主控制单元还包括第二组通讯单元时，所述控制方法还包括：当主控制单元第一组通讯单元的其中一个或多个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则第一组通讯单元退出运行，切换到主控制单元的第二组通讯单元，与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成通讯组网。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，均压耗能模块包含两级旁路方式，当旁路开关闭合时，均压耗能模块等效为耗能电阻串联旁 路开关，实际等效为将耗能电阻串入一次电路，此时均压耗能模块虽然处于异常状态，但耗能电阻仍然可以起到消耗能量的作用。当旁路开关闭合时，系统的耗能的能力并没有因为旁路而过多损失，仅仅是由于第一功率半导体器件被旁路，而失去了电阻投入与退出的控制能力，而单个均压耗能的投入和退出对整体耗能效果影响较小。由于本系统方案中的均压耗能模块在旁路状态下仍然可以发挥作用，因此，本发明提出基于上述均压耗能模块的闭环通讯组网的组网方式，仅在远端的地电位处设置一个主控制单元，通过少量光纤，与均压耗能模块的通讯单元首尾连接，构成一个或几个闭环的闭环通讯组网，大大减少了通讯系统的复杂度，降低了成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之一。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之二。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之三。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之四。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统发生单个均压耗能模块故障解列的示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统发生两个均压耗能模块故障解列的示意图。
图7是现有技术的一种均压耗能模块旁路等效示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种均压耗能模块旁路等效示意图。
附图符号说明：
1、均压耗能模块；2、第一功率半导体器件；3、直流电容；4、耗能电阻；5、旁路开关；7、子模块控制单元；8、子模块控制单元的通讯单元；9、子模块控制单元的通讯单元的光接收单元；10、子模块控制单元的通讯单元的光发射单元；11、主控制单元；12、主控制单元的第一组通讯单元；13、主控制单元的通讯单元的光发射单元；14、主控制单元的通讯单元的光接收单元；15、主控单元的第二组通讯单元；16、子模块控制单元的冗余的通讯单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应当理解，本申请的权利要求、说明书及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。本申请的说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“包括”和“包含”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之一。
如图1所示，直流能量动态调节系统包括同方向串联的N个均压耗能模块1，N为大于等于2的整数。其中均压耗能模块包括并联连接的直流电容3与耗能支路。耗能支路包括第一功率半导体器件2、耗能电阻4和旁路开关5。耗能电阻4与第一功率半导体器件2串联连接，旁路开关5与第一功率半导体器件2并联连接。
直流能量动态调节系统还包括M个子模块控制单元7以及主控制单元11，M≤N。子模块控制单元7包括至少两个通讯单元8。主控制单元11包括第一组通讯单元12，第一组通讯单元12包括至少一个通讯单元。M个子模块控制单元7的通讯单元8串联后与主控制单元11的第一组通讯单元12中的任一通讯单元连接，构成通讯组网。
其中，子模块控制单元7的通讯单元8包括光接收单元9和光发射单元10。主控制单元11的第一组通讯单元12的通讯单元包括光接收单元13和光发射单元14。
其中，子模块控制单元7就近布置在均压耗能模块1处，可控制均压耗能模块1中第一功率半导体器件2和旁路开关5的开通、关断，主控制单元11布置在远端地电位处。
现有技术方案均压耗能模块旁路后等效为旁路开关串入一次系统，如图7所示，实际子模块等效为0电阻的导线，完全失去作用，因此需要配置一定的冗余子模块。因此，当现有模块化换流器采用级联的通讯组网方式时，则与主控制器连接的子模块成为关键节点，一旦有故障则会造成大量子模块被迫旁路。同时任意两个子模块故障后之间的大量子模块也存在被迫旁路的风险，旁路后的子模块不能起到原设定功能，导致系统的可靠性降低。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，均压耗能模块包含两级旁路方式，当旁路开关闭合时，均压耗能模块等效为耗能电阻串联旁 路开关，如图8所示，实际等效为将耗能电阻串入一次电路，此时均压耗能模块虽然处于异常状态，但耗能电阻仍然可以起到消耗能量的作用。当旁路开关闭合时，系统的耗能的能力并没有因为旁路而过多损失，仅仅是由于第一功率半导体器件被旁路，而失去了电阻投入与退出的控制能力，而单个均压耗能的投入和退出对整体耗能效果影响较小。由于本系统方案中的均压耗能模块在旁路状态下仍然可以发挥作用，因此，本发明提出基于上述均压耗能模块的闭环通讯组网的组网方式，仅在远端的地电位处设置一个主控制单元，通过少量光纤，与均压耗能模块的通讯单元首尾连接，构成一个或几个闭环的闭环通讯组网，大大减少了通讯系统的复杂度，降低了成本。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之二。
如图2所示，在图1实施例基础上，主控制单元11的第一组通讯单元12包括至少两个通讯单元。M个子模块控制单元7的通讯单元串联后的首尾分别与第一组通讯单元12中的两个通讯单元相连，构成闭环通讯组网。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示意图之三。
如图3所示，在图2实施例基础上，主控制单元还包括第二组通讯单元15，所述第二组通讯单元15包括至少一个通讯单元，M个子模块控制单元中的任意一个设置冗余通讯单元16，主控制单元的第二组通讯单元独立通过冗余通讯单元与该子模块控制单元通讯。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种直流能量动态调节系统的结构示 意图之四。
如图4所示，在图2实施例基础上，M个子模块控制单元7的通讯单元8分为K组，K为大于等于2的整数，主控制单元11的第一组通讯单元12包括至少K个通讯单元，每组子模块控制单元7的通讯单元8串联后与主控制单元11的通讯单元12连接，构成K个通讯子网。
在本实施例中，K＝2，包括两个独立的闭环通讯组网。其中，子模块控制单元的通讯单元的供电回路冗余设置，供电方式为以下方式的一种或组合。
1)由本均压耗能模块电容中取能。
2)由相邻均压耗能模块电容中取能。
3)由激光取能。
其中，子模块控制单元7的通讯单元的冗余供电回路采用磁隔离或光隔离方式。主控制单元11的第一组通讯单元或第二组通讯单元由双路电源供电。
本实施例中，均压耗能模块的通讯单元设置了多种取能方式，包括本模块就近取能，临近均压耗能模块取能、激光功能或同时配置多种方式，当两种方式同时配置时，均压耗能模块的通讯单元也可以通过相邻均压耗能模块取能，不会使通讯组网中断。
本申请实施例还提供一种直流能量动态调节系统的控制方法。
(1)当直流能量动态调节系统配置开环通讯组网时，控制方法如下。
任意一个均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元检测到自身通讯故障或模块内部故障时，闭合该均压耗能模块的旁路开关，则故障的均压耗能模块等效为旁路开关串联耗能电阻，串入直流能量动态调节系统中，原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯 断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
当主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中任一通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则故障的第一组通讯单元退出运行，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
(2)当直流能量动态调节系统配置闭环通讯组网时，控制方法如下。
当主控制单元的第一组通讯单元的其中一个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则该通讯单元退出运行，由另一个通讯单元与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成开环的通讯组网。
当任意一个均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元检测到自身通讯故障或模块内部故障时，闭合该均压耗能模块的旁路开关，故障的均压耗能模块等效为旁路开关串联耗能电阻，串入直流能量动态调节系统中，原有的闭环通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，形成两个独立的开环通讯组网，该故障模块定义为第一故障模块。
双向通讯组网在故障模块处解列，分成两个独立的开环通讯组网，开环通讯组网虽然未构成闭环，但是主控制单元仍然可以与未发生故障的均压耗能模块通讯，如图5所示。
当两个独立的开环通讯组网中有另外的一个均压耗能模块旁路时，该均压耗能模块记为第二故障模块，则第一故障模块与第二故障模块之间的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关闭合命令。
当再有均压耗能模块发生故障，开环通讯组网在两个故障模块之间解列，解列后，故障模块之间的均压耗能模块旁路，如图6所示。
(3)当直流能量动态调节系统的均压耗能模块配置了冗余的供电回路时，控制方法如下。
当任意一个均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元检测到自身通讯故障或模块内部故障时，闭合该均压耗能模块的旁路开关，故障 的均压耗能模块等效为旁路开关串联耗能电阻，串入直流能量动态调节系统中，该均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元以其他冗余供能方式继续工作，M个子模块控制单元与主控制单元的通讯单元仍构成通讯组网。
当与故障均压耗能模块相邻的均压耗能模块的旁路开关闭合时，原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块与相邻均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
(4)当直流能量动态调节系统的主控制单元配置了冗余的通讯单元时，控制方法如下。
当主控制单元第一组通讯单元的其中一个或多个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则第一组通讯单元退出运行，切换到主控制单元的第二组通讯单元，与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成通讯组网。
本申请实施例中，采用了级联的闭环通讯组网，当其中任意一个均压耗能模块发生故障时，可以在故障模块处将闭环通讯组网解列，形成两个级联的开环通讯组网，当再发生模块故障旁路，可以将两个故障模块之间的均压耗能模块旁路，极大的提高了通讯可靠性。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，本领域技术人员依据本申请的思想，基于本申请的具体实施方式及应用范围上做出的改变或变形之处，都属于本申请保护的范围。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种直流能量动态调节系统，包括：
    同方向串联连接的N个均压耗能模块、M个子模块控制单元以及主控制单元，M≤N，N为大于等于2的整数；其中，
    所述均压耗能模块包括并联连接的直流电容和耗能支路，所述耗能支路包括：
    第一功率半导体器件；
    耗能电阻，与所述第一功率半导体器件串联连接；
    旁路开关，所述旁路开关与所述第一功率半导体器件并联连接；
    所述子模块控制单元包括至少两个通讯单元；所述主控制单元包括第一组通讯单元，所述第一组通讯单元包括至少一个通讯单元；所述M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后与主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中的任一通讯单元连接，构成通讯组网。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述通讯单元包括光接收单元与光发射单元，所述通讯单元的级联方式为一个通讯单元的光接收单元与另一个通讯单元的光发射单元连接，光发射单元与另一个通讯单元的光接收单元连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少两个通讯单元； M个所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后的首尾分别与第一组通讯单元中的两个通讯单元相连，构成闭环通讯组网。
  4. 如权利要求1至3之任一项所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述主控制单元还包括第二组通讯单元，所述第二组通讯单元包括至少一个通讯单元，M个所述子模块控制单元中的任一个设置冗余通讯单元，所述主控制单元的第二组通讯单元与所述冗余通讯单元所在的子模块控制单元通过所述冗余通讯单元通讯。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述子模块控制单元就近布置在所述均压耗能模块处，控制所述均压耗能模块中第一功率半导体器件和旁路开关的开通、关断，所述主控制单元布置在远端地电位处。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元分为K组，K为大于等于2的整数，主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少K个通讯单元，每组所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元串联后与所述主控制单元的通讯单元连接，构成K个通讯子网。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元设置冗余供电回路，供电方式为通过所属的所述均压耗能模块的所述直流电容中取能、通过相邻的所述均压耗能模块的所述直流电容中取能和通 过激光取能的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元的冗余供电回路采用磁隔离或光隔离方式。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的直流能量动态调节系统，其中，所述主控制单元的第一组或第二组通讯单元由双路电源供电。
  10. 一种如权利要求1至9之任一项所述直流能量动态调节系统的控制方法，包括：
    当任一个所述均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元检测到自身通讯故障或模块内部故障时，闭合故障的均压耗能模块的旁路开关，则故障的均压耗能模块等效为旁路开关串联耗能电阻，串入直流能量动态调节系统中；
    原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的控制方法，还包括：
    当所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元中任一通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则所述第一组通讯单元退出运行，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的控制方法，所述主控制单元的第一组通讯单元包括至少两个通讯单元时，所述控制方法还包括：
    当主控制单元的第一组通讯单元的其中一个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则所述通讯单元退出运行，由另一个通讯单元与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成开环的通讯组网。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的控制方法，还包括：
    原有的闭环通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，形成两个独立的开环通讯组网，所述故障均压耗能模块定义为第一故障模块。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的控制方法，其中，当两个独立的开环通讯组网中有另外的一个均压耗能模块旁路时，所述另外的一个均压耗能模块记为第二故障模块，则第一故障模块与第二故障模块之间的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关闭合命令。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的控制方法，所述子模块控制单元的通讯单元设置冗余供电回路时，所述控制方法还包括：
    所述故障均压耗能模块的子模块控制单元的通讯单元以冗余供能方式继续工作，M个子模块控制单元与主控制单 元的通讯单元仍构成通讯组网。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的控制方法，其中，当与故障均压耗能模块相邻的均压耗能模块的旁路开关闭合时，原有的通讯组网从故障均压耗能模块与相邻均压耗能模块的通讯模块处断开，通讯断开的均压耗能模块全部执行旁路开关合闸命令。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的控制方法，所述主控制单元还包括第二组通讯单元时，所述控制方法还包括：
    当主控制单元第一组通讯单元的其中一个或多个通讯单元故障或与之相连的通讯链路故障时，则第一组通讯单元退出运行，切换到主控制单元的第二组通讯单元，与M个子模块控制单元的通讯单元形成通讯组网。
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