WO2021029301A1 - Electric wire with terminal - Google Patents

Electric wire with terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021029301A1
WO2021029301A1 PCT/JP2020/030053 JP2020030053W WO2021029301A1 WO 2021029301 A1 WO2021029301 A1 WO 2021029301A1 JP 2020030053 W JP2020030053 W JP 2020030053W WO 2021029301 A1 WO2021029301 A1 WO 2021029301A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
terminal
electric wire
alloy
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/030053
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
崇人 城
齋藤　寧
知之 坂田
田端　正明
照雄 原
竣哉 竹内
松永　英樹
圭佑 寺本
小林　浩
武史 天川
Original Assignee
株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所
住友電装株式会社
住友電気工業株式会社
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所, 住友電装株式会社, 住友電気工業株式会社, トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所
Priority to US17/629,159 priority Critical patent/US11843214B2/en
Priority to CN202080052862.2A priority patent/CN114207945B/en
Publication of WO2021029301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021029301A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/64—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail
    • H01R4/646—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail for cables or flexible cylindrical bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/187—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping combined with soldering or welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H01R13/42—Securing in a demountable manner
    • H01R13/436—Securing a plurality of contact members by one locking piece or operation
    • H01R13/4367—Insertion of locking piece from the rear
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H01R13/506—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces assembled by snap action of the parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2107/00—Four or more poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
    • H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to electric wires with terminals.
  • This application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-147254 of the Japanese application dated August 9, 2019, and incorporates all the contents described in the Japanese application.
  • An electric wire with a terminal includes an electric wire having a conductor and a terminal electrically connected to the conductor.
  • the terminal described in Patent Document 1 includes an open barrel-shaped crimping portion (wire barrel) crimped to a conductor.
  • a conductor is arranged inside the wire barrel, and the wire barrel is crimped to mechanically and electrically connect the conductor and the terminal.
  • the electric wire with terminal of this disclosure is Electric wires with conductors and The terminals connected to the conductor With a shell that can be attached to the terminal
  • the terminal has a grip portion that sandwiches the conductor.
  • the shell has a pressure portion that presses at least a part of the grip portion toward the conductor.
  • An alloy layer for joining the grip portion and the conductor is provided.
  • the alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the connector assembly described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a connector provided in the connector assembly described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the assembly of the terminal and the shell described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the terminal described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the shell described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial vertical sectional view of the electric wire with a terminal described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the vicinity of the pressurizing portion in the electric wire with a terminal of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring the holding force of a conductor in the electric wire with a terminal according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an alloying mechanism in the electric wire with a terminal described in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 1-1 in a table.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 2-1 in a table.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the test apparatus described in Test Example 2-2.
  • FIG. 13 is a table summarizing the test results of Test Example 2-2.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of the terminal described in Test Example 3.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of the sample immediately after preparation described in Test Example 3.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 1-1 in a table.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 2-1 in a table.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the test apparatus described in Test Example 2-2.
  • FIG. 13
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of a sample held at a high temperature for a short period of time described in Test Example 3.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of a sample held at a high temperature for a long period of time described in Test Example 3.
  • one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide an electric wire with a terminal having excellent connection strength between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal.
  • the electric wire with a terminal of the present disclosure is excellent in the connection strength between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal.
  • the electric wire with a terminal is Electric wires with conductors and The terminals connected to the conductor With a shell that can be attached to the terminal
  • the terminal has a grip portion that sandwiches the conductor.
  • the shell has a pressure portion that presses at least a part of the grip portion toward the conductor.
  • An alloy layer for joining the grip portion and the conductor is provided.
  • the alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy.
  • the grip portion of the terminal pressed against the pressurizing portion of the shell continues to be pressed against the conductor. Therefore, the grip portion continues to pinch the conductor with a strong force. Then, with the passage of time, an alloy layer containing a Cu—Sn alloy is formed between the conductor and the grip portion. This alloy layer firmly joins the grip portion and the conductor. As a result, even if the electric wire provided in the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment is pulled, the conductor does not easily fall off from the terminal.
  • the holding force which is the force for the terminals to hold the conductor is larger than the holding force in the conventional electric wire with terminals for gripping the electric wire by the wire barrel.
  • Examples of the Cu—Sn alloy include a form of Cu 6 Sn 5 .
  • Examples of the Cu—Sn alloy include Cu 6 Sn 5 and Cu 3 Sn.
  • the alloy layer containing Cu 6 Sn 5 improves the holding power of the conductor in the terminald wire. Further, the electric resistance of Cu 6 Sn 5 is lower than that of, for example, Cu 3 Sn.
  • the alloy layer examples include a Sn—Ni alloy.
  • the alloy layer containing Sn—Ni alloy improves the holding power of the conductor in the electric wire with terminals.
  • Sn—Ni alloy examples include Ni 3 Sn 4 forms.
  • the alloy layer containing Ni 3 Sn 4 improves the holding power of the conductor in the electric wire with terminals.
  • the conductor may be in the form of a single core wire.
  • each core wire is easy to move when sandwiched by the grip part.
  • the conductor composed of the single core wire is difficult to move when sandwiched by the grip portion. Therefore, the conductor composed of the single core wire is firmly sandwiched by the grip portion.
  • Examples of the conductor include a Cu—Sn alloy or a Cu—Ag alloy.
  • Cu-Sn alloy has excellent adhesion to terminals.
  • the Cu-Ag alloy has excellent strength and is excellent in handling in a vehicle.
  • the tubular shell is hard to deform. Therefore, the tubular shell makes it easy to maintain the force of pinching the conductor by the grip portion of the terminal for a long period of time.
  • the grip portion includes a first plate-shaped piece and a second plate-shaped piece that face each other with the conductor in between.
  • the pressurizing portion includes a first protruding portion and a second protruding portion that project toward the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion. The first protruding portion presses the first plate-shaped piece toward the side of the second plate-shaped piece. Examples of the second protruding portion include a form in which the second plate-shaped piece is pressed toward the side of the first plate-shaped piece.
  • the positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the conductor on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor are sandwiched between the first plate-shaped piece and the second plate-shaped piece constituting the grip portion. Since the position of the conductor in the grip portion is less likely to change, the holding force of the conductor by the grip portion is greatly improved. Further, in the above configuration, the first protruding portion and the second protruding portion press the first plate-shaped piece and the second plate-shaped piece, respectively. Therefore, the force of the first plate-shaped piece pressing the conductor and the force of the second plate-shaped piece pressing the conductor are easily balanced. This configuration is also the reason why the holding force of the conductor by the grip portion is greatly improved.
  • the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example will be described by taking the connector assembly 1 shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
  • the connector assembly 1 includes a plurality of electric wires 10 with terminals and one connector 3.
  • the electric wire 10 with a terminal includes an electric wire 2 and a terminal 4 (FIG. 6) attached to the tip of the electric wire 2.
  • the terminal 4 shown in this example is a female terminal. Therefore, the connector 3 of this example is a female connector. Unlike this example, the terminal 4 may be a male terminal.
  • a male connector (not shown) is fitted into the connector 3.
  • the connector 3 is configured by mechanically combining the front housing 3A and the rear cover 3B.
  • the front housing 3A includes a plurality of insertion holes 30 into which the tips of male terminals of male connectors (not shown) are inserted. Further, on the side opposite to the insertion hole 30 in the front housing 3A, a plurality of cavities 34 partitioned by the partition wall 33 are formed. Each cavity 34 is connected to each insertion hole 30.
  • the rear cover 3B has an electric wire insertion hole formed at a rear end (not shown) through which the electric wire 2 penetrates.
  • a plurality of slide grooves 35 are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the rear cover 3B on the front housing 3A side.
  • the partition wall 33 of the front housing 3A is slid-fitted into the slide groove 35.
  • the front housing 3A and the rear cover 3B of this example are engaged by a two-stage snap-fit structure.
  • the snap-fit structure is composed of a housing-side engaging portion 31 formed at both ends of the front housing 3A in the width direction and a cover-side engaging portion 32 formed at both ends of the rear cover 3B in the width direction.
  • the housing-side engaging portion 31 is a plate-shaped member provided at both ends of the front housing 3A in the width direction.
  • the plate-shaped member is provided with a first protrusion 31f and a second protrusion 31s on the outer surface thereof.
  • the first protrusion 31f is arranged closer to the rear end side of the front housing 3A than the second protrusion 31s.
  • the cover-side engaging portion 32 is a gate-shaped engaging piece. Therefore, when the rear cover 3B is fitted into the front housing 3A, the first protrusion 31f first engages with the through hole of the cover-side engaging portion 32. Further, when the rear cover 3B is pushed into the front housing 3A, the cover-side engaging portion 32 gets over the first protrusion 31f, and the second protrusion 31s engages with the through hole of the cover-side engaging portion 32.
  • the electric wire 2 includes a conductor 20 and an insulating layer 21 formed on the outer periphery of the conductor 20. At the end of the electric wire 2, the insulating layer 21 is peeled off to expose the conductor 20. The exposed conductor 20 is mechanically and electrically connected to the terminal 4 described later.
  • the conductor 20 may be a single core wire or a stranded wire.
  • the conductor 20 of this example is a single core wire.
  • the nominal cross-sectional area of the single core wire is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.13 mm 2 or less.
  • a single core wire having a nominal cross-sectional area of 0.05 mm 2 can be mentioned.
  • the electric wire 10 with a terminal according to the embodiment of the present disclosure employs a conductor 20 having a smaller diameter than the conventional electric wire with a terminal. Even with such a small-diameter conductor 20, according to the structure of the electric wire 10 with a terminal according to the embodiment, the conductor 20 is firmly held by the terminal 4. This is because, as will be described later, the conductor 20 and the terminal 4 are adhered by Sn.
  • the conductor 20 before being connected to the terminal 4 has a portion containing at least copper (Cu).
  • the material of the conductor 20 include Cu or a Cu alloy.
  • the Cu alloy include a Cu—Ag alloy, a Cu—Sn alloy, and a Cu—Fe alloy.
  • the Cu—Sn alloy has excellent adhesion to the terminals.
  • the Cu-Ag alloy has excellent strength and is excellent in handling in a vehicle.
  • a tin (Sn) layer may be formed on the outermost surface of the conductor 20 before being connected to the terminal 4.
  • the insulating layer 21 is made of an insulating resin such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene.
  • the terminal 4 is used as a set with the shell 5 attached to the terminal 4 (FIG. 3).
  • the terminal 4 of this example is obtained by press-molding a single plate material.
  • the thickness of the plate material is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less.
  • the mechanical strength of the terminal 4 can be ensured. If the thickness of the plate material is 0.20 mm or less, the terminal 4 can be avoided from being enlarged. A more preferable thickness of the plate material is 0.1 mm or more and 0.15 mm or less.
  • the terminal 4 before being connected to the conductor 20 includes a base material having excellent conductivity and a Sn layer formed on the outermost surface of the base material.
  • the base material include Cu and Cu alloys.
  • the plating on the outermost surface include Sn and Ag.
  • Ni (nickel), Ni alloy, or the like may be plated.
  • the terminal 4 includes a terminal connection portion 4A formed in a tubular shape and a grip portion 4B integrated with the rear end portion of the terminal connection portion 4A.
  • the grip portion 4B is a portion electrically connected to the conductor 20 at the terminal 4.
  • the terminal connection portion 4A is provided with an insertion hole 40 at its tip.
  • the terminal 4 is arranged inside the cavity 34 of the connector 3. Therefore, the insertion hole 40 of the terminal 4 is arranged substantially coaxially with the insertion hole 30 of the connector 3.
  • the terminal connection portion 4A is provided with a through window 46 in the middle portion in the length direction thereof.
  • the through window 46 is formed by cutting out the upper half of the terminal connection portion 4A.
  • the through window 46 is located at a position corresponding to the through window 36 of the connector 3. Therefore, when the terminal 4 is inserted into the cavity 34 of the connector 3 and the front end of the terminal 4 is pressed against the step inside the cavity 34, the through window 46 of the terminal 4 is inside the through window 36 of the connector 3. Be exposed.
  • These through windows 36 and 46 are for visually confirming whether or not the conductor 20 is inserted into the terminal 4 from the outside of the connector 3.
  • a terminal-side engaging portion 45 is formed on the side surface of the terminal connecting portion 4A near the grip portion 4B. In FIG. 4, only the terminal-side engaging portion 45 formed on one side surface is illustrated, but the terminal-side engaging portion 45 is also formed on the other side surface hidden behind the paper surface.
  • the terminal-side engaging portion 45 of this example is a protrusion that engages with the shell-side engaging portion 55 of the shell 5, which will be described later.
  • the grip portion 4B of this example includes a first plate-shaped piece 41 and a second plate-shaped piece 42 facing each other with the conductor 20 in between.
  • the first plate-shaped piece 41 is integrally formed on the upper surface portion of the terminal connection portion 4A.
  • the second plate-shaped piece 42 is integrally formed on the lower surface portion of the terminal connecting portion 4A.
  • the first plate-shaped piece 41 includes a first thin-walled portion 410 and a first thick-walled portion 411.
  • the first thin-walled portion 410 is arranged on the tip side (right side of the paper surface) of the first plate-shaped piece 41
  • the first thick-walled portion 411 is arranged on the root side (left side of the paper surface).
  • the first thick portion 411 is formed by stacking the plate materials constituting the terminal 4 (see FIG. 7). That is, the thickness of the first thick portion 411 is about twice the thickness of the first thin portion 410.
  • the second plate-shaped piece 42 includes a second thin-walled portion 420 and a second thick-walled portion 421.
  • the second thin-walled portion 420 is arranged on the root side
  • the second thick-walled portion 421 is arranged on the tip side.
  • the second thick portion 421 is formed by folding and stacking the plate materials constituting the terminal 4. Therefore, the thickness of the second thick portion 421 is substantially equal to the thickness of the first thick portion 411, and the thickness of the second thin portion 420 is substantially equal to the thickness of the first thin portion 410.
  • the surface of the first thin-walled portion 410 on the second plate-shaped piece 42 side and the surface of the second thick-walled portion 421 on the first plate-shaped piece 41 side are provided with recesses along the outer peripheral shape of the conductor 20. .. As shown in FIG. 4, a groove-shaped serration 44 is formed in the recess. The shape and number of serrations 44 are appropriately selected.
  • the serration 44 of this example is a groove having a V-shaped cross section. The number of serrations 44 is three.
  • the first thick portion 411 and the second thick portion 421 are displaced from each other without overlapping in the axial direction of the terminal 4 (left-right direction on the paper surface). Therefore, the conductor 20 sandwiched between the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 bends at a position where the first thick portion 411 and the second thick portion 421 are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction.
  • the shell 5 is a member that presses the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 toward the conductor 20 (FIG. 3).
  • the shell 5 of this example includes a tubular portion 50 fitted to the rear end side of the terminal 4.
  • the tubular portion 50 houses the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 inside the tubular portion 50.
  • the tubular portion 50 is formed with a pressurizing portion 50C that presses the grip portion 4B toward the conductor 20 side.
  • the pressurizing portion 50C of this example includes a first protruding portion 51 and a second protruding portion 52. Both projecting portions 51 and 52 project into the tubular portion 50.
  • the first protruding portion 51 of this example is configured such that a part of the upper surface portion of the tubular portion 50 is recessed inside the tubular portion 50.
  • the first protruding portion 51 presses the first plate-shaped piece 41 toward the second plate-shaped piece 42.
  • the second protruding portion 52 is configured such that a part of the lower surface portion of the tubular portion 50 is recessed inside the tubular portion 50.
  • the second protruding portion 52 presses the second plate-shaped piece 42 toward the first plate-shaped piece 41.
  • the first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52 face each other.
  • the shell 5 is preferably made of a high-strength material.
  • the shell 5 is made of SUS, steel, or the like.
  • the shell 5 may be made of high-strength plastic.
  • the tubular portion 50 includes a stepped portion 50d formed by projecting an upper portion on the tip end side to the outer side.
  • the step portion 50d is a portion that is pressed against the rear cover 3B of the connector 3 when the shell 5 is attached to the terminal 4.
  • a shell-side engaging portion 55 is formed on the side surface of the tubular portion 50.
  • the shell-side engaging portion 55 is composed of a first engaging portion 55f and a second engaging portion 55s.
  • the first engaging portion 55f and the second engaging portion 55s of this example are rectangular through holes that penetrate the tubular portion 50 in and out.
  • the first engaging portion 55f is formed on the tip end side of the tubular portion 50, and the second engaging portion 55s is formed on the intermediate portion of the tubular portion 50. Therefore, when the shell 5 is attached to the terminal 4, the terminal-side engaging portion 45 provided in the terminal 4 first engages with the first engaging portion 55f. In this engaged state, the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 and the pressurizing portion 50C of the shell 5 are displaced in the length direction of the terminal 4.
  • the terminal-side engaging portion 45 disengages from the first engaging portion 55f and engages with the second engaging portion 55s.
  • the pressurizing portion 50C is arranged at a position overlapping the grip portion 4B in the length direction of the terminal 4, and the pressurizing portion 50C presses the grip portion 4B.
  • a guide portion 53 is formed on the side wall on the rear end side of the tubular portion 50.
  • the guide portion 53 is configured by denting a part of the side wall of the tubular portion 50 toward the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion 50.
  • the guide portion 53 sandwiches the conductor 20 from the width direction of the shell 5 (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 6). Therefore, the guide portion 53 arranges the conductor 20 at the center of the shell 5 in the width direction, that is, at the center of the terminal 4 in the width direction.
  • the connector module is composed of a module housing that can store only one terminal 4 and a module cover that covers an opening of the module housing.
  • a pressurizing portion may be formed on the module housing and the module cover, respectively.
  • the electric wire 2 is inserted until the conductor 20 can be confirmed from the through window 36 of the front housing 3A.
  • the rear cover 3B is pushed toward the front housing 3A side to engage the cover side engaging portion 32 with the second protrusion 31s.
  • the stepped portion 50d of the shell 5 is pushed by the rear cover 3B, and the terminal-side engaging portion 45 is changed from the first engaging portion 55f to the second engaging portion 55s.
  • the first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52 of the shell 5 are arranged at the positions of the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 of the terminal 4, respectively, and the conductor 20 is in the first plate shape. It is in a state of being sandwiched between the piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42. Since the shell 5 is a tubular body that is not easily deformed, the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 are continuously pressed against the conductor 20 with a strong force.
  • the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 of the grip portion 4B and the conductor 20 are compressed by the protruding portions 51 and 52 of the pressurizing portion 50C.
  • the total compressibility of the grip portion 4B compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C and the conductor 20 is preferably 5% or more and 50% or less.
  • the total compressibility is determined by ⁇ (YX) / Y ⁇ ⁇ 100 in the vertical cross section of the electric wire 10 with terminals.
  • X is the thickness of the portion compressed and deformed by the pressurizing portion 50C
  • Y is the thickness of the portion not compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C.
  • the compression-deformed portion includes both the grip portion 4B and the conductor 20.
  • the distance between the first protrusion 51 and the second protrusion 52 corresponds to the compression-deformed thickness X.
  • the thickness Y of the portion not compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C is the total thickness of the portion not sandwiched between the first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52.
  • the thickness Y is the total value of the thickness Y1 of the first thick portion 411, the diameter Y2 of the conductor 20, and the thickness Y3 of the second thin portion 420. If the total compression ratio is too large, the terminals and the conductor 20 are easily damaged. If the total compression ratio is too small, the force of the terminal 4 to hold the conductor 20 may be reduced. A more preferable total compression ratio is 10% or more and 30% or less.
  • the holding force which is the force for holding the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4, becomes very large.
  • the holding force can be evaluated by the test device 7 of FIG.
  • the test device 7 includes a pressing member 70 that comes into contact with the rear end surface of the shell 5, and a chuck 71 that grips the outer circumference of the electric wire 2.
  • the pressing member 70 is fixedly fixed.
  • the chuck 71 is configured to be movable on the side away from the terminal 4 (the side indicated by the white arrow) in the axial direction of the electric wire 2.
  • the holding force is the maximum load when the terminal 4 is fixed by the pressing member 70 and the electric wire 2 is pulled by the chuck 71 at a pulling speed of 50 mm / min.
  • the maximum load is obtained by continuously measuring the load for moving the chuck 71 at a constant speed. In the case of the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example, this holding force is 20 N or more.
  • an alloy layer is formed between the conductor 20 of the electric wire 2 and the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4.
  • the alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy in which Cu and Sn contained in at least one of the conductor 20 and the terminal 4 are alloyed.
  • the alloy layer is formed between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B because the grip portion 4B is continuously and strongly pressed against the conductor 20.
  • FIG. 9 shows a change of state of the joint interface between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B with the passage of time indicated by the white arrow.
  • the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 are simplified in a rectangular shape.
  • the left figure of FIG. 9 shows the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B before joining, and the middle figure shows the state immediately after the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B are joined.
  • the right figure of FIG. 9 shows a state in which a predetermined time has elapsed since the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B were joined.
  • the conductor 20 shown in the left figure is made of a Cu—Ag alloy, and the grip portion 4B has a Sn layer 4b formed on the surface of the Ni base material.
  • the Sn layer 4b is a reflow Sn plating that has been reflowed after Sn plating.
  • an oxide film 4c formed by spontaneous oxidation of Sn is formed on the surface of the Sn layer 4b. Further, by performing the reflow treatment, a Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a in which Sn and Ni of the Sn layer 4b are alloyed is formed inside the Sn layer 4b.
  • the surface of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a has a concave-convex shape having locally protruding convex portions 4p.
  • the Sn—Ni alloy is, for example, Ni 3 Sn 4 or the like. The hardness of Ni 3 Sn 4 is higher than the hardness of the Cu alloy constituting the conductor 20.
  • an alloy layer 6 is formed between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B after a lapse of time from the joining.
  • the alloy layer 6 of this example includes a Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 formed on the surface of the conductor 20 and a mixed layer 61.
  • the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 is formed by diffusing Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 to Cu of the conductor 20 at the time of joining.
  • the mixed layer 61 is formed between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 formed on the surface of the conductor 20 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a formed on the surface of the grip portion 4B.
  • the mixed layer 61 of this example contains a Cu—Sn alloy and a Sn—Ni alloy.
  • the Cu—Sn alloy is, for example, Cu 6 Sn 5 and Cu 3 Sn.
  • Test Example 1-1 the holding force, which is the force for holding the conductor 20 in the terminal-equipped electric wire 10 shown in the first embodiment, was measured by the test apparatus 7 shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of Cu—Ag alloy single core wires and a plurality of Cu—Ag alloy single core wires having a Sn plating layer were prepared.
  • the nominal cross-sectional area of the conductor 20 was 0.13 mm 2 .
  • a plurality of terminals 4 in which the surface of the Ni base material is Sn-plated and a plurality of shells 5 made of SUS are prepared.
  • the thickness of the plate material constituting the terminal 4 was 0.1 mm.
  • a plurality of samples of the electric wire 10 with a terminal, which is a combination of the conductor 20, the terminal 4, and the shell 5, were prepared.
  • the holding power of the sample immediately after preparation, the sample left at room temperature for 24 hours, the sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, the sample left at room temperature for 168 hours, and the sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours was measured.
  • the heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 120 hours can be considered as an accelerated test.
  • the vertical cross section of the electric wire 10 with a terminal in the sample immediately after production was observed.
  • the vertical cross section was in the state shown in the schematic view of FIG. 7.
  • the thickness (Y1 + Y3) of the uncompressed grip portion 4B in the vertical cross section, the diameter Y2 of the uncompressed conductor 20, and the thickness X of the portion compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C were measured.
  • the chuck 71 of the test device 7 of FIG. 8 was pulled at a pull-out speed of 50 mm / min, and the load (N) required to move the chuck 71 at a constant speed was measured.
  • This load may be considered as the holding force.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph in the table is the displacement amount (mm) of the chuck 71, and the vertical axis is the holding force (N).
  • the holding force peaks when the displacement amount is around 0.3 mm, and after the relatively high holding force is maintained from the peak position to around 4 mm, the holding force is maintained. Became zero.
  • the holding force showing the peak corresponds to the static friction force
  • the holding force after the peak corresponds to the dynamic friction force.
  • the peak of the holding power of each sample was 20 N or more. Since the connector assembly on the market is not used immediately after production, the holding force of the sample immediately after tightening the conductor 20 by the shell 5 can be ignored in practice.
  • the sample with plating having a Sn plating layer on the surface of the conductor 20 tends to have a lower post-peak holding force than the sample without plating having a Sn plating layer on the surface of the conductor 20.
  • the amount of pure Sn between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B is smaller than that in the sample with plating. Pure Sn has a lubricating effect and is considered to reduce the dynamic frictional force between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B. Therefore, it is presumed that the post-peak holding power of the unplated sample is higher than the post-peak holding power of the plated sample.
  • Test Example 1-2 In Test Example 1-2, the same test as in Test 1-1 was performed using the conductor 20 of a Cu—Sn alloy having no plating layer. The terminals 4 and the shell 5 were the same as those used in Test Example 1-1. The Cu—Sn alloy is softer than the Cu—Ag alloy of Test Example 1-1. The holding power was measured on the sample immediately after preparation and the sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours.
  • the holding power of the sample immediately after preparation was 30.3 N
  • the holding power of the sample subjected to the accelerated test was 32.1 N. It was found that the holding force of the conductor 20 is increased by tightening the conductor 20 with a strong force even in the electric wire 10 with a terminal using the soft conductor 20 made of a Cu—Sn alloy. It was confirmed that the electric wires 10 with terminals of Test Examples 1-1 and 1-2 are excellent in the reliability of electrical connection because they are excellent in the above-mentioned holding power.
  • Test Examples 1-1 and 1-2 the following was performed in order to investigate the cause of the static frictional force of the sample increasing with the passage of time.
  • the electric wire 10 with a terminal was produced by the conductor 20, the terminal 4, and the shell 5 used in Test Example 1-1.
  • the conductor 20 was a Cu—Ag alloy having no plating layer.
  • the electric wire 10 with a terminal was disassembled, and the surface of the conductor 20 was observed by a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).
  • the observed samples were a sample immediately after tightening the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B, a sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, and a sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours.
  • the observation results are shown in the table of FIG.
  • Adhesions were confirmed on the surface of the conductor 20 of each sample. This deposit is presumed to be the Sn adhesion portion 9 (see FIG. 9) derived from the Sn layer 4b of the terminal 4.
  • the distribution of elements on the surface of the conductor 20 was investigated by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometery). The results are shown in the table of FIG. The first row from the top of the table is the SEM image, the second row is the Sn distribution attached to the surface of the conductor, and the third row is the Cu distribution on the surface of the conductor.
  • the area of the adhered portion 9 on the surface of the conductor 20 was calculated. Specifically, the diameter of the conductor 20 was obtained from the SEM image shown in FIG. 11, and the visual field width (length in the same direction as the diameter) at which Cu was detected was obtained from the image showing the Cu distribution. In this example, the diameter was 267 ⁇ m and the viewing width was 248 ⁇ m.
  • the visual field width at which Cu is detected is the width at which elements can be analyzed by EDX. That is, the element can be analyzed in a region of 93% of the surface of the conductor 20.
  • the portion that cannot be analyzed is the portion at the end of the conductor 20, and is the portion where the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 having the Sn layer 4b are not in contact with each other.
  • the Sn distribution of the conductor 20 analyzed by EDX can be regarded as the Sn distribution of the entire conductor 20. Therefore, the area of Sn in the visual field width was obtained by image analysis.
  • the areas of the Sn adhesion portion 9 in the sample immediately after preparation, the sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, and the sample held at 120 ° C. ⁇ 120 hours were 0.058 mm 2 , 0.074 mm 2 , and 0. It was 119 mm 2 . These measured areas are the areas on one side of the conductor 20.
  • the total area of the adhesion portion 9 in each sample including both sides of the conductor 20 is about twice the measured area.
  • the adhesive portion 9 of the conductor 20 is formed on the side opposite to the side shown in FIG. 11 as much as the side shown in FIG. That is, in a configuration in which the conductor 20 is continuously sandwiched between the two plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 with a strong force, the area of the Sn adhesion portion 9 on the surface of the conductor 20 is 0.100 mm 2 or more.
  • Test Example 2-1 As shown in Test Example 2-1 it is presumed that the increase in the holding force of the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B is caused by the adhesion of Sn. In order to confirm the causal relationship between the holding force and the adhesion of Sn, a test was conducted using the test apparatus 8 shown in FIG. The test was conducted at room temperature.
  • a plate material 82 made of Sn and a sliding member 84 made of Sn were prepared.
  • the plate member 82 was placed on the pedestal 80, and the embossed 84e of the sliding member 84 was pressed against the plate member 82.
  • the radius of the embossed 84e was 1 mm.
  • the vertical load applied to the sliding member 84 was 1N, 2N, or 4N.
  • the time for pressing the embossed 84e was 1 minute, 16 hours, or 64 hours.
  • a graph showing the relationship between the horizontal displacement amount (mm) of the sliding member 84 and the friction coefficient is summarized in a table and shown in FIG.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph is the amount of displacement
  • the vertical axis is the coefficient of friction.
  • the peak of the friction coefficient of the sliding member 84 increased as the time for applying the vertical load increased.
  • the peak of the coefficient of friction is the coefficient of static friction. Since the test was conducted at room temperature, the increase in the coefficient of friction is considered to be due to the increase in the amount of Sn adhesion.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional photograph of the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 before being connected to the conductor 20.
  • the terminal 4 has a Sn layer 4b formed on the surface of the Ni base material.
  • the upper side of the paper surface is the surface of the grip portion 4B.
  • the dark gray portion on the lower side of the paper surface is the Ni base material, and the second dark gray portion formed on the Ni base material is the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a.
  • the Sn—Ni alloy is Ni 3 Sn 4 .
  • the surface of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a has a concave-convex shape having locally protruding convex portions 4p.
  • the reflow treatment is performed after the Sn layer 4b is formed, and the convex portion 4p of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a is formed by this reflow treatment.
  • the light gray portion formed on the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a is the Sn layer 4b.
  • an oxide film 4c formed by spontaneously oxidizing Sn is formed on the surface of the Sn layer 4b.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional photograph of the joining interface immediately after joining the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B.
  • the gray portion on the upper side of the paper surface is the conductor 20.
  • the conductor 20 of this example is a Cu—Ag alloy conductor 20 without Sn plating.
  • the Sn layer 4b flows in the plane direction, and the Sn layer 4b becomes thin.
  • the oxide film 4c (FIG. 9) of the Sn layer 4b is broken, and Sn contained in the Sn layer 4b overflows to the conductor 20 and adheres to the conductor 20.
  • the Sn that adheres to the conductor 20 adheresion portion 9 in FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional photograph of a sample subjected to an accelerated test in which the sample is held at 120 ° C. for 20 hours after preparation.
  • a light gray portion is formed on the surface of the conductor 20.
  • This light gray portion is the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60.
  • the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 is formed by reacting Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 with Cu contained in the conductor 20. Further, between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a, a mixed layer 61 in which unreacted Sn, Cu—Sn alloy, and Sn—Ni alloy are mixed is formed.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional photograph of a sample subjected to an accelerated test in which the sample is held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours after preparation.
  • a mixed layer 61 was formed between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a, and unreacted Sn was eliminated.
  • the dark-colored portion on the conductor 20 side is Cu 3 Sn alloy
  • the light-colored portion on the grip portion 4B side is Cu 6 Sn 5 .

Landscapes

  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)

Abstract

This electric wire with a terminal comprises an electric wire having a conductor, a terminal connected to the conductor, and a cell attached to the terminal, wherein: the terminal has grip parts between which the conductor is sandwiched; the cell has a press part which presses at least a portion of the grip parts toward the conductor; an alloy layer which joins the grip parts and the conductor is provided; and the alloy layer includes a Cu-Sn alloy.

Description

端子付き電線Wire with terminal
　本開示は、端子付き電線に関する。
　本出願は、２０１９年８月９日付の日本国出願の特願２０１９－１４７２５４に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本国出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。 The present disclosure relates to electric wires with terminals.
This application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-147254 of the Japanese application dated August 9, 2019, and incorporates all the contents described in the Japanese application.
　自動車などの移動体において、信号の伝送を行う端子付き電線が用いられている。端子付き電線は、導体を有する電線と、導体に電気的に接続される端子と、を備える。 In mobile objects such as automobiles, electric wires with terminals that transmit signals are used. An electric wire with a terminal includes an electric wire having a conductor and a terminal electrically connected to the conductor.
　電線の導体と端子との接続は、圧着により行われることが多い。例えば、特許文献１に記載の端子は、導体に圧着されるオープンバレル状の圧着部（ワイヤバレル）を備える。この構成では、ワイヤバレルの内部に導体が配置され、ワイヤバレルがかしめられることで、導体と端子とが機械的・電気的に接続される。 The connection between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal is often done by crimping. For example, the terminal described in Patent Document 1 includes an open barrel-shaped crimping portion (wire barrel) crimped to a conductor. In this configuration, a conductor is arranged inside the wire barrel, and the wire barrel is crimped to mechanically and electrically connect the conductor and the terminal.
特開２０１９－２１４０５号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-21405
　本開示の端子付き電線は、
　導体を有する電線と、
　前記導体に接続される端子と、
　前記端子に取り付けられるシェルを備え、
　　前記端子は、前記導体を挟み込むグリップ部を有し、
　　前記シェルは、前記グリップ部の少なくとも一部を前記導体の側に押圧する加圧部を有し、
　前記グリップ部と前記導体とを接合する合金層を備え、
　前記合金層は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金を含む。 The electric wire with terminal of this disclosure is
Electric wires with conductors and
The terminals connected to the conductor
With a shell that can be attached to the terminal
The terminal has a grip portion that sandwiches the conductor.
The shell has a pressure portion that presses at least a part of the grip portion toward the conductor.
An alloy layer for joining the grip portion and the conductor is provided.
The alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy.
図１は、実施形態１に記載されるコネクタアセンブリの概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the connector assembly described in the first embodiment. 図２は、実施形態１に記載されるコネクタアセンブリに備わるコネクタの分解斜視図である。FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a connector provided in the connector assembly described in the first embodiment. 図３は、実施形態１に記載される端子とシェルの組物の概略斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the assembly of the terminal and the shell described in the first embodiment. 図４は、実施形態１に記載される端子の概略斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the terminal described in the first embodiment. 図５は、実施形態１に記載されるシェルの概略斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the shell described in the first embodiment. 図６は、実施形態１に記載される端子付き電線の部分縦断面図である。FIG. 6 is a partial vertical sectional view of the electric wire with a terminal described in the first embodiment. 図７は、図６の端子付き電線における加圧部近傍の模式図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the vicinity of the pressurizing portion in the electric wire with a terminal of FIG. 図８は、実施形態１に記載される端子付き電線における導体の保持力を測定する装置の模式図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring the holding force of a conductor in the electric wire with a terminal according to the first embodiment. 図９は、実施形態１に記載される端子付き電線における合金化のメカニズムを説明する説明図である。FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an alloying mechanism in the electric wire with a terminal described in the first embodiment. 図１０は、試験例１－１の試験結果を表にまとめた図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 1-1 in a table. 図１１は、試験例２－１の試験結果を表にまとめた図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram summarizing the test results of Test Example 2-1 in a table. 図１２は、試験例２－２に記載される試験装置の模式図である。FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the test apparatus described in Test Example 2-2. 図１３は、試験例２－２の試験結果をまとめた表である。FIG. 13 is a table summarizing the test results of Test Example 2-2. 図１４は、試験例３に記載される端子の断面のＳＥＭ画像を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of the terminal described in Test Example 3. 図１５は、試験例３に記載される作製直後の試料の断面のＳＥＭ画像を示す図である。FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of the sample immediately after preparation described in Test Example 3. 図１６は、試験例３に記載される高温で短期間保持された試料の断面のＳＥＭ画像を示す図である。FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of a sample held at a high temperature for a short period of time described in Test Example 3. 図１７は、試験例３に記載される高温で長期間保持された試料の断面のＳＥＭ画像を示す図である。FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an SEM image of a cross section of a sample held at a high temperature for a long period of time described in Test Example 3.
［本開示が解決しようとする課題］
　近年の自動車の電装化に伴い、自動車に搭載される端子付き電線の数が増加する傾向にある。そのため、複数の端子付き電線を一つにまとめたコネクタが大型化する傾向にある。コネクタの搭載スペースには限りがあるため、コネクタをなるべく小型化したいというニーズがある。 [Issues to be solved by this disclosure]
With the recent electrification of automobiles, the number of electric wires with terminals mounted on automobiles tends to increase. Therefore, there is a tendency for a connector in which a plurality of electric wires with terminals are integrated into one to become larger. Since the mounting space of the connector is limited, there is a need to make the connector as small as possible.
　コネクタを小型化するために端子付き電線の電線径を小さくすることが検討されている。この場合、電線の導体と端子との接続強度を確保することが重要になる。特に、自動車などでは、電線の導体と端子との接続箇所に振動が加わるからである。 It is being considered to reduce the diameter of the electric wire with terminals in order to reduce the size of the connector. In this case, it is important to secure the connection strength between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal. In particular, in automobiles and the like, vibration is applied to the connection points between the conductor and the terminal of the electric wire.
　そこで、本開示は、電線の導体と端子との接続強度に優れる端子付き電線を提供することを目的の一つとする。 Therefore, one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide an electric wire with a terminal having excellent connection strength between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal.
［本開示の効果］
　本開示の端子付き電線は、電線の導体と端子との接続強度に優れる。 [Effect of the present disclosure]
The electric wire with a terminal of the present disclosure is excellent in the connection strength between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal.
［本開示の実施形態の説明］
　本発明者らは、電線の導体と端子との接続強度が向上する構成を鋭意検討した。その結果、導体と端子の一方に銅（Ｃｕ）が含まれ、一方にスズ（Ｓｎ）の層が形成されている場合において、導体を常に強い力で挟み込み続けられる構成とすることで、単に導体を挟み込むだけでは得られない接続強度が得られることが分かった。また、端子によって導体を強い力で挟み続けることで、導体と端子との境界に両者を接合する合金層が形成されることを見出した。これらの知見に基づいて、本発明者らは、本開示の端子付き電線を完成させた。最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。 [Explanation of Embodiments of the present disclosure]
The present inventors have diligently studied a configuration in which the connection strength between the conductor and the terminal of the electric wire is improved. As a result, when copper (Cu) is contained in one of the conductor and the terminal and a tin (Sn) layer is formed on the other, the conductor can always be sandwiched with a strong force, thereby simply performing the conductor. It was found that the connection strength that cannot be obtained by simply sandwiching the is obtained. It was also found that by continuing to sandwich the conductor with a strong force by the terminals, an alloy layer joining the conductors and the terminals is formed at the boundary between the conductors and the terminals. Based on these findings, the present inventors have completed the electric wire with a terminal of the present disclosure. First, embodiments of the present disclosure will be listed and described.
＜１＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線は、
　導体を有する電線と、
　前記導体に接続される端子と、
　前記端子に取り付けられるシェルを備え、
　　前記端子は、前記導体を挟み込むグリップ部を有し、
　　前記シェルは、前記グリップ部の少なくとも一部を前記導体の側に押圧する加圧部を有し、
　前記グリップ部と前記導体とを接合する合金層を備え、
　前記合金層は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金を含む。 <1> The electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment is
Electric wires with conductors and
The terminals connected to the conductor
With a shell that can be attached to the terminal
The terminal has a grip portion that sandwiches the conductor.
The shell has a pressure portion that presses at least a part of the grip portion toward the conductor.
An alloy layer for joining the grip portion and the conductor is provided.
The alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy.
　上記構成では、シェルの加圧部に押圧された端子のグリップ部が導体に押し付けられ続ける。従って、グリップ部が導体を強い力で挟み込み続ける。そして、時間の経過に伴い、導体とグリップ部との間にＣｕ－Ｓｎ合金を含む合金層が形成される。この合金層によって、グリップ部と導体とが強固に接合される。その結果、実施形態に係る端子付き電線に備わる電線が引っ張られても、端子から導体が容易に脱落しない。この実施形態に係る端子付き電線において端子が導体を保持する力である保持力は、ワイヤバレルによって電線を掴む従来の端子付き電線における保持力よりも大きい。 In the above configuration, the grip portion of the terminal pressed against the pressurizing portion of the shell continues to be pressed against the conductor. Therefore, the grip portion continues to pinch the conductor with a strong force. Then, with the passage of time, an alloy layer containing a Cu—Sn alloy is formed between the conductor and the grip portion. This alloy layer firmly joins the grip portion and the conductor. As a result, even if the electric wire provided in the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment is pulled, the conductor does not easily fall off from the terminal. In the electric wire with terminals according to this embodiment, the holding force which is the force for the terminals to hold the conductor is larger than the holding force in the conventional electric wire with terminals for gripping the electric wire by the wire barrel.
＜２＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、Ｃｕ６Ｓｎ５である形態が挙げられる。 <2> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
Examples of the Cu—Sn alloy include a form of Cu 6 Sn 5 .
　Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金としては、例えばＣｕ６Ｓｎ５、及びＣｕ３Ｓｎなどが挙げられる。Ｃｕ６Ｓｎ５を含む合金層は、端子付き電線における導体の保持力を向上させる。また、Ｃｕ６Ｓｎ５の電気抵抗は、例えばＣｕ３Ｓｎの電気抵抗よりも低い。 Examples of the Cu—Sn alloy include Cu 6 Sn 5 and Cu 3 Sn. The alloy layer containing Cu 6 Sn 5 improves the holding power of the conductor in the terminald wire. Further, the electric resistance of Cu 6 Sn 5 is lower than that of, for example, Cu 3 Sn.
＜３＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記合金層は、Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金を含む形態が挙げられる。 <3> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
Examples of the alloy layer include a Sn—Ni alloy.
　Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金を含む合金層は、端子付き電線における導体の保持力を向上させる。 The alloy layer containing Sn—Ni alloy improves the holding power of the conductor in the electric wire with terminals.
＜４＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金は、Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ４である形態が挙げられる。 <4> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
Examples of the Sn—Ni alloy include Ni 3 Sn 4 forms.
　Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ４を含む合金層は、端子付き電線における導体の保持力を向上させる。 The alloy layer containing Ni 3 Sn 4 improves the holding power of the conductor in the electric wire with terminals.
＜５＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記導体は単芯線である形態が挙げられる。 <5> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
The conductor may be in the form of a single core wire.
　複数の芯線からなる導体で、グリップ部によって挟み込まれた際、各芯線が移動し易い。一方、単芯線によって構成される導体は、グリップ部によって挟み込まれる際、移動し難い。従って、単芯線によって構成される導体は、グリップ部によってしっかりと挟み込まれる。 It is a conductor consisting of multiple core wires, and each core wire is easy to move when sandwiched by the grip part. On the other hand, the conductor composed of the single core wire is difficult to move when sandwiched by the grip portion. Therefore, the conductor composed of the single core wire is firmly sandwiched by the grip portion.
＜６＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記導体は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金、又はＣｕ－Ａｇ合金である形態が挙げられる。 <6> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
Examples of the conductor include a Cu—Sn alloy or a Cu—Ag alloy.
　Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、端子との固着力に優れる。Ｃｕ－Ａｇ合金は、強度に優れ、車両での取り扱いに優れる。 Cu-Sn alloy has excellent adhesion to terminals. The Cu-Ag alloy has excellent strength and is excellent in handling in a vehicle.
＜７＞実施形態に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記シェルは、
　　前記グリップ部を内部に収納する筒状部と、
　　前記筒状部に形成される前記加圧部とを備える形態が挙げられる。 <7> As one form of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment,
The shell
A tubular part that stores the grip part inside and
An example includes a form including the pressurizing portion formed in the tubular portion.
　筒状に形成されるシェルは変形し難い。従って、筒状のシェルによって、端子のグリップ部によって導体を挟む力が、長期間にわたって維持され易い。 The tubular shell is hard to deform. Therefore, the tubular shell makes it easy to maintain the force of pinching the conductor by the grip portion of the terminal for a long period of time.
＜８＞上記＜７＞に係る端子付き電線の一形態として、
　前記グリップ部は、前記導体を挟んで互いに向き合う第一板状片と第二板状片とを備え、
　前記加圧部は、前記筒状部の内周側に突出する第一突出部と第二突出部とを備え、
　前記第一突出部は、前記第一板状片を前記第二板状片の側に押圧し、
　前記第二突出部は、前記第二板状片を前記第一板状片の側に押圧する形態が挙げられる。 <8> As a form of an electric wire with a terminal according to <7> above,
The grip portion includes a first plate-shaped piece and a second plate-shaped piece that face each other with the conductor in between.
The pressurizing portion includes a first protruding portion and a second protruding portion that project toward the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion.
The first protruding portion presses the first plate-shaped piece toward the side of the second plate-shaped piece.
Examples of the second protruding portion include a form in which the second plate-shaped piece is pressed toward the side of the first plate-shaped piece.
　上記構成では、導体の外周面における導体の中心を挟んで対称となる位置が、グリップ部を構成する第一板状片と第二板状片とで挟み込まれる。グリップ部における導体の位置が変化し難くなるため、グリップ部による導体の保持力が大きく向上する。また、上記構成では、第一突出部と第二突出部とがそれぞれ、第一板状片と第二板状片を押圧する構成となっている。そのため、第一板状片が導体を押圧する力と、第二板状片が導体を押圧する力とが釣り合い易い。この構成も、グリップ部による導体の保持力が大きく向上する理由である。 In the above configuration, the positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the conductor on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor are sandwiched between the first plate-shaped piece and the second plate-shaped piece constituting the grip portion. Since the position of the conductor in the grip portion is less likely to change, the holding force of the conductor by the grip portion is greatly improved. Further, in the above configuration, the first protruding portion and the second protruding portion press the first plate-shaped piece and the second plate-shaped piece, respectively. Therefore, the force of the first plate-shaped piece pressing the conductor and the force of the second plate-shaped piece pressing the conductor are easily balanced. This configuration is also the reason why the holding force of the conductor by the grip portion is greatly improved.
［本開示の実施形態の詳細］
　以下、図面に基づいて、本開示の実施形態に係る端子付き電線の具体例を説明する。図中の同一符号は、同一名称物を示す。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 [Details of Embodiments of the present disclosure]
Hereinafter, specific examples of the electric wire with a terminal according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same names. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples, and is indicated by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.
＜実施形態１＞
　実施形態１では、図１に示されるコネクタアセンブリ１を例にして、本例の端子付き電線１０を説明する。コネクタアセンブリ１は、複数の端子付き電線１０と、一つのコネクタ３と、を備える。説明の便宜上、図１では端子付き電線１０は一本しか図示されていない。この端子付き電線１０は、電線２と、電線２の先端に取り付けられる端子４（図６）とを備える。本例に示す端子４は雌端子である。従って、本例のコネクタ３は雌コネクタである。本例とは異なり、端子４は雄端子でも良い。 <Embodiment 1>
In the first embodiment, the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example will be described by taking the connector assembly 1 shown in FIG. 1 as an example. The connector assembly 1 includes a plurality of electric wires 10 with terminals and one connector 3. For convenience of explanation, only one electric wire 10 with a terminal is shown in FIG. The electric wire 10 with a terminal includes an electric wire 2 and a terminal 4 (FIG. 6) attached to the tip of the electric wire 2. The terminal 4 shown in this example is a female terminal. Therefore, the connector 3 of this example is a female connector. Unlike this example, the terminal 4 may be a male terminal.
　≪コネクタ≫
　コネクタ３には、図示しない雄コネクタが嵌合される。コネクタ３は、図２に示されるように、フロントハウジング３Ａとリアカバー３Ｂとを機械的に組み合わせて構成される。フロントハウジング３Ａは、図示しない雄コネクタの雄端子の先端が挿入される複数の挿入孔３０を備える。また、フロントハウジング３Ａにおける挿入孔３０と反対側には、隔壁３３によって区画された複数のキャビティ３４が形成されている。各キャビティ３４は、各挿入孔３０に繋がっている。 ≪Connector≫
A male connector (not shown) is fitted into the connector 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the connector 3 is configured by mechanically combining the front housing 3A and the rear cover 3B. The front housing 3A includes a plurality of insertion holes 30 into which the tips of male terminals of male connectors (not shown) are inserted. Further, on the side opposite to the insertion hole 30 in the front housing 3A, a plurality of cavities 34 partitioned by the partition wall 33 are formed. Each cavity 34 is connected to each insertion hole 30.
　リアカバー３Ｂは、図示しない後端部に電線２が貫通される電線挿入孔が形成されている。リアカバー３Ｂにおけるフロントハウジング３Ａ側の内周面には、複数のスライド溝３５が配置されている。スライド溝３５には、フロントハウジング３Ａの隔壁３３がスライド嵌合される。 The rear cover 3B has an electric wire insertion hole formed at a rear end (not shown) through which the electric wire 2 penetrates. A plurality of slide grooves 35 are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the rear cover 3B on the front housing 3A side. The partition wall 33 of the front housing 3A is slid-fitted into the slide groove 35.
　本例のフロントハウジング３Ａとリアカバー３Ｂは、二段階のスナップフィット構造によって係合される。スナップフィット構造は、フロントハウジング３Ａの幅方向の両端部に形成されるハウジング側係合部３１と、リアカバー３Ｂの幅方向の両端部に形成されるカバー側係合部３２とで構成される。ハウジング側係合部３１は、フロントハウジング３Ａの幅方向の両端に設けられる板状部材である。板状部材は、その外方側の面に第一突起３１ｆと第二突起３１ｓとを備える。第一突起３１ｆは、第二突起３１ｓよりもフロントハウジング３Ａの後端側に配置されている。一方、カバー側係合部３２は門型の係合片である。従って、フロントハウジング３Ａにリアカバー３Ｂが嵌め込まれる際、まずカバー側係合部３２の貫通孔に第一突起３１ｆが係合する。更にリアカバー３Ｂがフロントハウジング３Ａに押し込まれると、カバー側係合部３２は第一突起３１ｆを乗り越え、カバー側係合部３２の貫通孔に第二突起３１ｓが係合する。 The front housing 3A and the rear cover 3B of this example are engaged by a two-stage snap-fit structure. The snap-fit structure is composed of a housing-side engaging portion 31 formed at both ends of the front housing 3A in the width direction and a cover-side engaging portion 32 formed at both ends of the rear cover 3B in the width direction. The housing-side engaging portion 31 is a plate-shaped member provided at both ends of the front housing 3A in the width direction. The plate-shaped member is provided with a first protrusion 31f and a second protrusion 31s on the outer surface thereof. The first protrusion 31f is arranged closer to the rear end side of the front housing 3A than the second protrusion 31s. On the other hand, the cover-side engaging portion 32 is a gate-shaped engaging piece. Therefore, when the rear cover 3B is fitted into the front housing 3A, the first protrusion 31f first engages with the through hole of the cover-side engaging portion 32. Further, when the rear cover 3B is pushed into the front housing 3A, the cover-side engaging portion 32 gets over the first protrusion 31f, and the second protrusion 31s engages with the through hole of the cover-side engaging portion 32.
　≪電線≫
　電線２は、図６に示されるように、導体２０と、導体２０の外周に形成される絶縁層２１とを備える。電線２の端部では絶縁層２１が剥がされて、導体２０が露出している。露出した導体２０は、後述する端子４に機械的・電気的に接続される。 ≪Electric wire≫
As shown in FIG. 6, the electric wire 2 includes a conductor 20 and an insulating layer 21 formed on the outer periphery of the conductor 20. At the end of the electric wire 2, the insulating layer 21 is peeled off to expose the conductor 20. The exposed conductor 20 is mechanically and electrically connected to the terminal 4 described later.
　導体２０は、単芯線でも良いし、より線でも良い。本例の導体２０は単芯線である。単芯線の公称断面積は、特に限定されないが、例えば０．１３ｍｍ２以下である。更に細い単芯線として、公称断面積が０．０５ｍｍ２の単芯線が挙げられる。本開示の実施形態に係る端子付き電線１０は、従来の端子付き電線に比べて細径の導体２０を採用している。このような細径の導体２０であっても、実施形態に係る端子付き電線１０の構造によれば、端子４にしっかりと保持される。後述するように、導体２０と端子４とがＳｎによって凝着されるからである。 The conductor 20 may be a single core wire or a stranded wire. The conductor 20 of this example is a single core wire. The nominal cross-sectional area of the single core wire is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.13 mm 2 or less. As a finer single core wire, a single core wire having a nominal cross-sectional area of 0.05 mm 2 can be mentioned. The electric wire 10 with a terminal according to the embodiment of the present disclosure employs a conductor 20 having a smaller diameter than the conventional electric wire with a terminal. Even with such a small-diameter conductor 20, according to the structure of the electric wire 10 with a terminal according to the embodiment, the conductor 20 is firmly held by the terminal 4. This is because, as will be described later, the conductor 20 and the terminal 4 are adhered by Sn.
　端子４に接続される前の導体２０は、少なくとも銅（Ｃｕ）を含む部分を有する。例えば、導体２０の材質としては、Ｃｕ又はＣｕ合金が挙げられる。Ｃｕ合金としては、Ｃｕ－Ａｇ合金、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金、又はＣｕ－Ｆｅ合金などが挙げられる。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、端子との固着力に優れる。Ｃｕ－Ａｇ合金は、強度に優れ、車両での取り扱いに優れる。端子４に接続される前の導体２０の最表面にはスズ（Ｓｎ）層が形成されていても良い。一方、絶縁層２１は、例えばポリ塩化ビニル又はポリエチレンなどの絶縁性樹脂によって構成されている。 The conductor 20 before being connected to the terminal 4 has a portion containing at least copper (Cu). For example, examples of the material of the conductor 20 include Cu or a Cu alloy. Examples of the Cu alloy include a Cu—Ag alloy, a Cu—Sn alloy, and a Cu—Fe alloy. The Cu—Sn alloy has excellent adhesion to the terminals. The Cu-Ag alloy has excellent strength and is excellent in handling in a vehicle. A tin (Sn) layer may be formed on the outermost surface of the conductor 20 before being connected to the terminal 4. On the other hand, the insulating layer 21 is made of an insulating resin such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene.
　≪端子≫
　端子４は、端子４に取り付けられるシェル５とセットで用いられる（図３）。本例の端子４は、一枚の板材をプレス成形することで得られる。導体２０の公称断面積が０．１３ｍｍ２である場合、板材の厚さは０．０５ｍｍ以上０．２０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。板材の厚さが０．０５ｍｍ以上であれば、端子４の機械的強度を確保できる。板材の厚さが０．２０ｍｍ以下であれば、端子４の大型化が回避される。更に好ましい板材の厚さは、０．１ｍｍ以上０．１５ｍｍ以下である。 ≪Terminal≫
The terminal 4 is used as a set with the shell 5 attached to the terminal 4 (FIG. 3). The terminal 4 of this example is obtained by press-molding a single plate material. When the nominal cross-sectional area of the conductor 20 is 0.13 mm 2 , the thickness of the plate material is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less. When the thickness of the plate material is 0.05 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the terminal 4 can be ensured. If the thickness of the plate material is 0.20 mm or less, the terminal 4 can be avoided from being enlarged. A more preferable thickness of the plate material is 0.1 mm or more and 0.15 mm or less.
　導体２０に接続される前の端子４は、導電性に優れる母材と、母材の最表面に形成されるＳｎ層とを備える。母材としては、例えばＣｕ又はＣｕ合金などが挙げられる。また、最表面のめっきとしては、Ｓｎ又はＡｇなどが挙げられる。めっきの下地として、Ｎｉ（ニッケル）又はＮｉ合金などをめっきしても良い。 The terminal 4 before being connected to the conductor 20 includes a base material having excellent conductivity and a Sn layer formed on the outermost surface of the base material. Examples of the base material include Cu and Cu alloys. Further, examples of the plating on the outermost surface include Sn and Ag. As a base for plating, Ni (nickel), Ni alloy, or the like may be plated.
　端子４は、図４に示されるように、筒状に形成される端子接続部４Ａと、端子接続部４Ａの後端部に一体化されたグリップ部４Ｂとを備える。グリップ部４Ｂは、端子４における導体２０と電気的に接続される部分である。 As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal 4 includes a terminal connection portion 4A formed in a tubular shape and a grip portion 4B integrated with the rear end portion of the terminal connection portion 4A. The grip portion 4B is a portion electrically connected to the conductor 20 at the terminal 4.
　端子接続部４Ａはその先端に挿入孔４０を備える。端子４は、コネクタ３のキャビティ３４の内部に配置される。従って、端子４の挿入孔４０は、コネクタ３の挿入孔３０にほぼ同軸に配置される。 The terminal connection portion 4A is provided with an insertion hole 40 at its tip. The terminal 4 is arranged inside the cavity 34 of the connector 3. Therefore, the insertion hole 40 of the terminal 4 is arranged substantially coaxially with the insertion hole 30 of the connector 3.
　端子接続部４Ａは、その長さ方向の中間部に貫通窓４６を備える。貫通窓４６は、端子接続部４Ａの上半分が切り欠かれることで形成されている。この貫通窓４６は、コネクタ３の貫通窓３６に対応する位置にある。従って、端子４をコネクタ３のキャビティ３４に挿入し、端子４の前端がキャビティ３４の内部の段差に当て止めされたときに、端子４の貫通窓４６は、コネクタ３の貫通窓３６の内部に露出する。これら貫通窓３６，４６は、端子４に導体２０が挿入されているかどうかをコネクタ３の外部から目視にて確認するためのものである。 The terminal connection portion 4A is provided with a through window 46 in the middle portion in the length direction thereof. The through window 46 is formed by cutting out the upper half of the terminal connection portion 4A. The through window 46 is located at a position corresponding to the through window 36 of the connector 3. Therefore, when the terminal 4 is inserted into the cavity 34 of the connector 3 and the front end of the terminal 4 is pressed against the step inside the cavity 34, the through window 46 of the terminal 4 is inside the through window 36 of the connector 3. Be exposed. These through windows 36 and 46 are for visually confirming whether or not the conductor 20 is inserted into the terminal 4 from the outside of the connector 3.
　端子接続部４Ａにおけるグリップ部４Ｂ寄りの側面には端子側係合部４５が形成されている。図４では、一方の側面に形成される端子側係合部４５のみ図視されているが、紙面奥側に隠れる他方の側面にも端子側係合部４５が形成されている。本例の端子側係合部４５は、後述するシェル５のシェル側係合部５５に係合する突起である。 A terminal-side engaging portion 45 is formed on the side surface of the terminal connecting portion 4A near the grip portion 4B. In FIG. 4, only the terminal-side engaging portion 45 formed on one side surface is illustrated, but the terminal-side engaging portion 45 is also formed on the other side surface hidden behind the paper surface. The terminal-side engaging portion 45 of this example is a protrusion that engages with the shell-side engaging portion 55 of the shell 5, which will be described later.
　本例のグリップ部４Ｂは、導体２０を挟んで互いに向き合う第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２とを備える。第一板状片４１は、端子接続部４Ａの上面部に一体に形成されている。第二板状片４２は、端子接続部４Ａの下面部に一体に形成されている。 The grip portion 4B of this example includes a first plate-shaped piece 41 and a second plate-shaped piece 42 facing each other with the conductor 20 in between. The first plate-shaped piece 41 is integrally formed on the upper surface portion of the terminal connection portion 4A. The second plate-shaped piece 42 is integrally formed on the lower surface portion of the terminal connecting portion 4A.
　第一板状片４１は、図６に示されるように、第一薄肉部４１０と第一厚肉部４１１とを備える。第一板状片４１において、第一薄肉部４１０は第一板状片４１の先端側（紙面右側）、第一厚肉部４１１は根元側（紙面左側）に配置されている。本例では、端子４を構成する板材が重ねられることで第一厚肉部４１１が形成されている（図７参照）。つまり、第一厚肉部４１１の厚さは第一薄肉部４１０の厚さの約２倍になっている。 As shown in FIG. 6, the first plate-shaped piece 41 includes a first thin-walled portion 410 and a first thick-walled portion 411. In the first plate-shaped piece 41, the first thin-walled portion 410 is arranged on the tip side (right side of the paper surface) of the first plate-shaped piece 41, and the first thick-walled portion 411 is arranged on the root side (left side of the paper surface). In this example, the first thick portion 411 is formed by stacking the plate materials constituting the terminal 4 (see FIG. 7). That is, the thickness of the first thick portion 411 is about twice the thickness of the first thin portion 410.
　第二板状片４２は、第二薄肉部４２０と第二厚肉部４２１とを備える。第二板状片４２において、第二薄肉部４２０は根元側、第二厚肉部４２１は先端側に配置されている。第二厚肉部４２１は、端子４を構成する板材が折り畳まれて重ねられることで形成されている。従って、第二厚肉部４２１の厚さは、第一厚肉部４１１の厚さにほぼ等しく、第二薄肉部４２０の厚さは、第一薄肉部４１０の厚さにほぼ等しい。 The second plate-shaped piece 42 includes a second thin-walled portion 420 and a second thick-walled portion 421. In the second plate-shaped piece 42, the second thin-walled portion 420 is arranged on the root side, and the second thick-walled portion 421 is arranged on the tip side. The second thick portion 421 is formed by folding and stacking the plate materials constituting the terminal 4. Therefore, the thickness of the second thick portion 421 is substantially equal to the thickness of the first thick portion 411, and the thickness of the second thin portion 420 is substantially equal to the thickness of the first thin portion 410.
　第一薄肉部４１０における第二板状片４２側の面と、第二厚肉部４２１における第一板状片４１側の面には、導体２０の外周形状に沿った凹みが設けられている。その凹みには、図４に示されるように、溝状のセレーション４４が形成されている。セレーション４４の形状及び数は適宜選択される。本例のセレーション４４は、断面Ｖ字状の溝である。セレーション４４の数は３つである。 The surface of the first thin-walled portion 410 on the second plate-shaped piece 42 side and the surface of the second thick-walled portion 421 on the first plate-shaped piece 41 side are provided with recesses along the outer peripheral shape of the conductor 20. .. As shown in FIG. 4, a groove-shaped serration 44 is formed in the recess. The shape and number of serrations 44 are appropriately selected. The serration 44 of this example is a groove having a V-shaped cross section. The number of serrations 44 is three.
　図６に示されるように、第一厚肉部４１１と第二厚肉部４２１とは、端子４の軸方向（紙面左右方向）に重複することなくずれている。従って、第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２とで挟み込まれる導体２０は、第一厚肉部４１１と第二厚肉部４２１とが長手方向に離隔する箇所で屈曲する。 As shown in FIG. 6, the first thick portion 411 and the second thick portion 421 are displaced from each other without overlapping in the axial direction of the terminal 4 (left-right direction on the paper surface). Therefore, the conductor 20 sandwiched between the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 bends at a position where the first thick portion 411 and the second thick portion 421 are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction.
　≪シェル≫
　シェル５は、端子４のグリップ部４Ｂを導体２０側に押圧する部材である（図３）。本例のシェル５は、端子４の後端側に嵌め込まれる筒状部５０を備える。筒状部５０は、その内部に端子４のグリップ部４Ｂを収納する。この筒状部５０には、グリップ部４Ｂを導体２０側に押圧する加圧部５０Ｃが形成されている。本例の加圧部５０Ｃは、図６に示されるように、第一突出部５１と第二突出部５２とを備える。両突出部５１，５２は、筒状部５０の内部に突出する。本例の第一突出部５１は、筒状部５０の上面部の一部が筒状部５０の内部に凹むことで構成されている。この第一突出部５１は、第一板状片４１を第二板状片４２側に押圧する。一方、第二突出部５２は、筒状部５０の下面部の一部が筒状部５０の内部に凹むことで構成されている。第二突出部５２は、第二板状片４２を第一板状片４１側に押圧する。第一突出部５１と第二突出部５２とは互いに向きあっている。 ≪Shell≫
The shell 5 is a member that presses the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 toward the conductor 20 (FIG. 3). The shell 5 of this example includes a tubular portion 50 fitted to the rear end side of the terminal 4. The tubular portion 50 houses the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 inside the tubular portion 50. The tubular portion 50 is formed with a pressurizing portion 50C that presses the grip portion 4B toward the conductor 20 side. As shown in FIG. 6, the pressurizing portion 50C of this example includes a first protruding portion 51 and a second protruding portion 52. Both projecting portions 51 and 52 project into the tubular portion 50. The first protruding portion 51 of this example is configured such that a part of the upper surface portion of the tubular portion 50 is recessed inside the tubular portion 50. The first protruding portion 51 presses the first plate-shaped piece 41 toward the second plate-shaped piece 42. On the other hand, the second protruding portion 52 is configured such that a part of the lower surface portion of the tubular portion 50 is recessed inside the tubular portion 50. The second protruding portion 52 presses the second plate-shaped piece 42 toward the first plate-shaped piece 41. The first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52 face each other.
　筒状部５０によってグリップ部４Ｂをその外周側から取り囲むことで、第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２とが導体２０を挟み込む力を発揮できる。この機能に鑑み、シェル５は、高強度の材料で構成されることが好ましい。例えばシェル５は、ＳＵＳ又は鋼などで構成される。その他、シェル５は高強度プラスチックによって構成されていても良い。 By surrounding the grip portion 4B from the outer peripheral side by the tubular portion 50, the force of the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 sandwiching the conductor 20 can be exerted. In view of this function, the shell 5 is preferably made of a high-strength material. For example, the shell 5 is made of SUS, steel, or the like. In addition, the shell 5 may be made of high-strength plastic.
　筒状部５０は、図５に示されるように、その先端側における上方側の部分が外方側に張り出すことで形成される段差部５０ｄを備える。段差部５０ｄは、シェル５が端子４に取り付けられる際に、コネクタ３のリアカバー３Ｂに押圧される部分である。 As shown in FIG. 5, the tubular portion 50 includes a stepped portion 50d formed by projecting an upper portion on the tip end side to the outer side. The step portion 50d is a portion that is pressed against the rear cover 3B of the connector 3 when the shell 5 is attached to the terminal 4.
　筒状部５０の側面にはシェル側係合部５５が形成されている。シェル側係合部５５は、第一係合部５５ｆと第二係合部５５ｓとで構成されている。本例の第一係合部５５ｆと第二係合部５５ｓは、筒状部５０を内外に貫通する矩形状の貫通孔である。第一係合部５５ｆは、筒状部５０の先端側に形成され、第二係合部５５ｓは、筒状部５０の中間部に形成されている。従って、端子４にシェル５が取り付けられる際、端子４に備わる端子側係合部４５は、最初に第一係合部５５ｆに係合する。この係合状態では、端子４のグリップ部４Ｂと、シェル５の加圧部５０Ｃとが、端子４の長さ方向にずれている。更にシェル５が端子４側に押し込まれると、端子側係合部４５は第一係合部５５ｆから外れ、第二係合部５５ｓに係合する。この係合状態では、加圧部５０Ｃが、端子４の長さ方向にグリップ部４Ｂに重なる位置に配置され、加圧部５０Ｃによってグリップ部４Ｂが押圧される。 A shell-side engaging portion 55 is formed on the side surface of the tubular portion 50. The shell-side engaging portion 55 is composed of a first engaging portion 55f and a second engaging portion 55s. The first engaging portion 55f and the second engaging portion 55s of this example are rectangular through holes that penetrate the tubular portion 50 in and out. The first engaging portion 55f is formed on the tip end side of the tubular portion 50, and the second engaging portion 55s is formed on the intermediate portion of the tubular portion 50. Therefore, when the shell 5 is attached to the terminal 4, the terminal-side engaging portion 45 provided in the terminal 4 first engages with the first engaging portion 55f. In this engaged state, the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 and the pressurizing portion 50C of the shell 5 are displaced in the length direction of the terminal 4. When the shell 5 is further pushed toward the terminal 4, the terminal-side engaging portion 45 disengages from the first engaging portion 55f and engages with the second engaging portion 55s. In this engaged state, the pressurizing portion 50C is arranged at a position overlapping the grip portion 4B in the length direction of the terminal 4, and the pressurizing portion 50C presses the grip portion 4B.
　筒状部５０の後端側の側壁にはガイド部５３が形成されている。ガイド部５３は、筒状部５０の側壁の一部を筒状部５０の内周側に凹ませることで構成されている。ガイド部５３は、図６に示されるように、導体２０をシェル５の幅方向（図６の紙面奥行方向）から挟み込む。従って、ガイド部５３によって、導体２０がシェル５の幅方向の中央、即ち端子４の幅方向の中央に配置される。 A guide portion 53 is formed on the side wall on the rear end side of the tubular portion 50. The guide portion 53 is configured by denting a part of the side wall of the tubular portion 50 toward the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion 50. As shown in FIG. 6, the guide portion 53 sandwiches the conductor 20 from the width direction of the shell 5 (the depth direction of the paper surface in FIG. 6). Therefore, the guide portion 53 arranges the conductor 20 at the center of the shell 5 in the width direction, that is, at the center of the terminal 4 in the width direction.
　本例と異なる構造を備えるシェルとして、例えば、端子４を個別に内部に収納するコネクタモジュールが挙げられる。コネクタモジュールは、端子４を一つだけ収納できるモジュールハウジングと、モジュールハウジングの開口部に蓋をするモジュールカバーとで構成される。この場合、モジュールハウジングとモジュールカバーとにそれぞれ加圧部を形成すれば良い。 As a shell having a structure different from this example, for example, a connector module in which terminals 4 are individually housed can be mentioned. The connector module is composed of a module housing that can store only one terminal 4 and a module cover that covers an opening of the module housing. In this case, a pressurizing portion may be formed on the module housing and the module cover, respectively.
　≪組み立て手順≫
　上記構成を備えるコネクタアセンブリ１の組み立て手順の一例を説明する。まず、端子４の後端部からシェル５を取り付け、端子側係合部４５と、シェル側係合部５５の第一係合部５５ｆとを係合させる。この段階では、端子４のグリップ部４Ｂとシェル５の加圧部５０Ｃとが端子４の長さ方向にずれており、グリップ部４Ｂは加圧部５０Ｃに押圧されない。この端子４とシェル５の組物を、コネクタ３のフロントハウジング３Ａのキャビティ３４に挿入し、フロントハウジング３Ａの後端部からリアカバー３Ｂを取り付け、ハウジング側係合部３１と、カバー側係合部３２の第一突起３１ｆとを係合させる。このとき、シェル５の段差部５０ｄがリアカバー３Ｂに押され、シェル５に押された端子４がコネクタ３内の所定位置に配置される。 ≪Assembly procedure≫
An example of the assembly procedure of the connector assembly 1 having the above configuration will be described. First, the shell 5 is attached from the rear end portion of the terminal 4, and the terminal-side engaging portion 45 and the first engaging portion 55f of the shell-side engaging portion 55 are engaged with each other. At this stage, the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 and the pressurizing portion 50C of the shell 5 are displaced in the length direction of the terminal 4, and the grip portion 4B is not pressed by the pressurizing portion 50C. The assembly of the terminal 4 and the shell 5 is inserted into the cavity 34 of the front housing 3A of the connector 3, the rear cover 3B is attached from the rear end of the front housing 3A, and the housing side engaging portion 31 and the cover side engaging portion are attached. Engage with the first protrusion 31f of 32. At this time, the stepped portion 50d of the shell 5 is pushed by the rear cover 3B, and the terminal 4 pushed by the shell 5 is arranged at a predetermined position in the connector 3.
　次いで、リアカバー３Ｂの後端側から電線２を挿入する。その際、フロントハウジング３Ａの貫通窓３６から導体２０を確認できるまで電線２を挿入する。貫通窓３６から導体２０が確認できたら、リアカバー３Ｂをフロントハウジング３Ａ側に押し込んで、カバー側係合部３２を第二突起３１ｓに係合させる。その際、シェル５の段差部５０ｄがリアカバー３Ｂに押され、端子側係合部４５が、第一係合部５５ｆから第二係合部５５ｓに掛け変わる。その結果、シェル５の第一突出部５１と第二突出部５２とがそれぞれ、端子４の第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２の位置に配置され、導体２０が第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２とで挟み込まれた状態になる。シェル５は変形し難い筒状体であるため、両板状片４１，４２は継続的に導体２０に強い力で押し付けられる。 Next, insert the electric wire 2 from the rear end side of the rear cover 3B. At that time, the electric wire 2 is inserted until the conductor 20 can be confirmed from the through window 36 of the front housing 3A. When the conductor 20 can be confirmed from the through window 36, the rear cover 3B is pushed toward the front housing 3A side to engage the cover side engaging portion 32 with the second protrusion 31s. At that time, the stepped portion 50d of the shell 5 is pushed by the rear cover 3B, and the terminal-side engaging portion 45 is changed from the first engaging portion 55f to the second engaging portion 55s. As a result, the first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52 of the shell 5 are arranged at the positions of the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 of the terminal 4, respectively, and the conductor 20 is in the first plate shape. It is in a state of being sandwiched between the piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42. Since the shell 5 is a tubular body that is not easily deformed, the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 are continuously pressed against the conductor 20 with a strong force.
　≪圧縮率≫
　上記構成によれば、図７に示されるように、加圧部５０Ｃの突出部５１，５２によってグリップ部４Ｂの板状片４１，４２と導体２０が圧縮される。加圧部５０Ｃによって圧縮されたグリップ部４Ｂと導体２０との合計圧縮率は５％以上５０％以下であることが好ましい。合計圧縮率は、端子付き電線１０の縦断面における｛（Ｙ－Ｘ）／Ｙ｝×１００によって求められる。Ｘは、加圧部５０Ｃによって圧縮変形された部分の厚み、Ｙは、加圧部５０Ｃに圧縮されていない部分の厚みである。圧縮変形された部分には、グリップ部４Ｂと導体２０の双方が含まれる。図７に示される例では、第一突出部５１と第二突出部５２との間の距離が、圧縮変形された厚みＸに相当する。一方、加圧部５０Ｃに圧縮されていない部分の厚みＹは、第一突出部５１と第二突出部５２とで挟まれていない部分の合計厚みである。例えば、厚みＹは、第一厚肉部４１１の厚さＹ１と、導体２０の直径Ｙ２と、第二薄肉部４２０の厚さＹ３との合計値である。合計圧縮率が大き過ぎると端子と導体２０が傷み易い。合計圧縮率が小さ過ぎると、端子４による導体２０を保持する力が低くなる恐れがある。より好ましい合計圧縮率は、１０％以上３０％以下である。 ≪Compression rate≫
According to the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 7, the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 of the grip portion 4B and the conductor 20 are compressed by the protruding portions 51 and 52 of the pressurizing portion 50C. The total compressibility of the grip portion 4B compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C and the conductor 20 is preferably 5% or more and 50% or less. The total compressibility is determined by {(YX) / Y} × 100 in the vertical cross section of the electric wire 10 with terminals. X is the thickness of the portion compressed and deformed by the pressurizing portion 50C, and Y is the thickness of the portion not compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C. The compression-deformed portion includes both the grip portion 4B and the conductor 20. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the distance between the first protrusion 51 and the second protrusion 52 corresponds to the compression-deformed thickness X. On the other hand, the thickness Y of the portion not compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C is the total thickness of the portion not sandwiched between the first protruding portion 51 and the second protruding portion 52. For example, the thickness Y is the total value of the thickness Y1 of the first thick portion 411, the diameter Y2 of the conductor 20, and the thickness Y3 of the second thin portion 420. If the total compression ratio is too large, the terminals and the conductor 20 are easily damaged. If the total compression ratio is too small, the force of the terminal 4 to hold the conductor 20 may be reduced. A more preferable total compression ratio is 10% or more and 30% or less.
　≪保持力≫
　本例の端子付き電線１０では、端子４のグリップ部４Ｂによる導体２０を保持する力である保持力が非常に大きくなる。保持力は、図８の試験装置７によって評価することができる。試験装置７は、シェル５の後端面に当接する押さえ部材７０と、電線２の外周を掴むチャック７１とを備える。押さえ部材７０は不動に固定されている。チャック７１は、電線２の軸方向における端子４から離れる側（白抜き矢印の側）に移動可能に構成されている。このような試験装置７を用いて、押さえ部材７０によって端子４を固定し、チャック７１によって５０ｍｍ／分の引抜き速度で電線２を引っ張ったときの最大荷重が保持力である。最大荷重は、チャック７１を定速で移動させるための荷重を継続的に測定することで求められる。本例の端子付き電線１０であれば、この保持力が２０Ｎ以上となる。 ≪Holding power≫
In the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example, the holding force, which is the force for holding the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4, becomes very large. The holding force can be evaluated by the test device 7 of FIG. The test device 7 includes a pressing member 70 that comes into contact with the rear end surface of the shell 5, and a chuck 71 that grips the outer circumference of the electric wire 2. The pressing member 70 is fixedly fixed. The chuck 71 is configured to be movable on the side away from the terminal 4 (the side indicated by the white arrow) in the axial direction of the electric wire 2. Using such a test device 7, the holding force is the maximum load when the terminal 4 is fixed by the pressing member 70 and the electric wire 2 is pulled by the chuck 71 at a pulling speed of 50 mm / min. The maximum load is obtained by continuously measuring the load for moving the chuck 71 at a constant speed. In the case of the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example, this holding force is 20 N or more.
　≪導体と端子との接合界面の状態≫
　本例の端子付き電線１０では、電線２の導体２０と、端子４のグリップ部４Ｂとの間に合金層が形成される。合金層は、導体２０及び端子４の少なくとも一方に含まれるＣｕ及びＳｎが合金化したＣｕ－Ｓｎ合金を含む。導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとの間に合金層が形成されるのは、グリップ部４Ｂが継続的に導体２０に強く押し付けられているからである。以下、合金層が形成されるメカニズムを図９に基づいて説明する。図９は、白抜き矢印で示される時間の経過に伴う導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとの接合界面の状態変化を示している。 ≪State of the joint interface between the conductor and the terminal≫
In the electric wire 10 with a terminal of this example, an alloy layer is formed between the conductor 20 of the electric wire 2 and the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4. The alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy in which Cu and Sn contained in at least one of the conductor 20 and the terminal 4 are alloyed. The alloy layer is formed between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B because the grip portion 4B is continuously and strongly pressed against the conductor 20. Hereinafter, the mechanism by which the alloy layer is formed will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 shows a change of state of the joint interface between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B with the passage of time indicated by the white arrow.
　図９に示される例では、導体２０と端子４のグリップ部４Ｂとが矩形状に簡略化されている。図９の左図には接合前の導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂが示され、中図には導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとが接合された直後の状態が示されている。図９の右図には導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとが接合されてから所定時間が経過した状態が示されている。左図に示される導体２０はＣｕ－Ａｇ合金で構成され、グリップ部４ＢはＮｉ母材の表面にＳｎ層４ｂが形成されたものである。Ｓｎ層４ｂは、Ｓｎめっき後にリフロー処理されたリフローＳｎめっきである。Ｓｎ層４ｂの表面には、Ｓｎが自然酸化することで形成される酸化被膜４ｃが形成される。また、リフロー処理を行うことで、Ｓｎ層４ｂの内部に、Ｓｎ層４ｂのＳｎとＮｉとが合金化したＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａが形成される。Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａの表面は、局所的に突出した凸部４ｐを有する凹凸形状となる。Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金は、例えばＮｉ３Ｓｎ４などである。Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ４の硬度は、導体２０を構成するＣｕ合金の硬度よりも高い。 In the example shown in FIG. 9, the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 are simplified in a rectangular shape. The left figure of FIG. 9 shows the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B before joining, and the middle figure shows the state immediately after the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B are joined. The right figure of FIG. 9 shows a state in which a predetermined time has elapsed since the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B were joined. The conductor 20 shown in the left figure is made of a Cu—Ag alloy, and the grip portion 4B has a Sn layer 4b formed on the surface of the Ni base material. The Sn layer 4b is a reflow Sn plating that has been reflowed after Sn plating. On the surface of the Sn layer 4b, an oxide film 4c formed by spontaneous oxidation of Sn is formed. Further, by performing the reflow treatment, a Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a in which Sn and Ni of the Sn layer 4b are alloyed is formed inside the Sn layer 4b. The surface of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a has a concave-convex shape having locally protruding convex portions 4p. The Sn—Ni alloy is, for example, Ni 3 Sn 4 or the like. The hardness of Ni 3 Sn 4 is higher than the hardness of the Cu alloy constituting the conductor 20.
　図９の中図に示されるように、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとを強い力で押し付けあうと、Ｓｎ層４ｂの表面に形成されるＳｎの酸化被膜４ｃが破壊され、酸化被膜４ｃの表面にＳｎが溢れ出す。その結果、Ｓｎが導体２０の表面に凝着する凝着部９が形成され、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとが接合される。また、高硬度のＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａに形成される凸部４ｐが導体２０に食い込む。 As shown in the middle figure of FIG. 9, when the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B are pressed against each other with a strong force, the Sn oxide film 4c formed on the surface of the Sn layer 4b is destroyed, and the surface of the oxide film 4c is destroyed. Sn overflows. As a result, an adhesion portion 9 in which Sn adheres to the surface of the conductor 20 is formed, and the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B are joined. Further, the convex portion 4p formed on the high hardness Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a bites into the conductor 20.
　図９の右図に示されるように、接合から時間が経過すると、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとの間に合金層６が形成される。本例の合金層６は、導体２０の表面に形成されるＣｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０と、混在層６１とを備える。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０は、接合時に導体２０の表面に凝着したＳｎが導体２０のＣｕに拡散することで形成される。混在層６１は、導体２０の表面に形成されるＣｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０と、グリップ部４Ｂの表面に形成されるＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａとの間に形成される。本例の混在層６１は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金とＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金を含む。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、例えば、Ｃｕ６Ｓｎ５及びＣｕ３Ｓｎなどである。 As shown in the right figure of FIG. 9, an alloy layer 6 is formed between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B after a lapse of time from the joining. The alloy layer 6 of this example includes a Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 formed on the surface of the conductor 20 and a mixed layer 61. The Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 is formed by diffusing Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 to Cu of the conductor 20 at the time of joining. The mixed layer 61 is formed between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 formed on the surface of the conductor 20 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a formed on the surface of the grip portion 4B. The mixed layer 61 of this example contains a Cu—Sn alloy and a Sn—Ni alloy. The Cu—Sn alloy is, for example, Cu 6 Sn 5 and Cu 3 Sn.
＜試験例１－１＞
　試験例１－１では、図８に示す試験装置７によって実施形態１に示す端子付き電線１０における導体２０を保持する力である保持力を測定した。 <Test Example 1-1>
In Test Example 1-1, the holding force, which is the force for holding the conductor 20 in the terminal-equipped electric wire 10 shown in the first embodiment, was measured by the test apparatus 7 shown in FIG.
　まず、電線２の導体２０として、Ｃｕ－Ａｇ合金の単芯線、及びＳｎのめっき層を有するＣｕ－Ａｇ合金の単芯線をそれぞれ複数用意した。導体２０の公称断面積は０．１３ｍｍ２であった。また、Ｎｉ母材の表面にＳｎめっきを施した端子４と、ＳＵＳ製のシェル５とをそれぞれ複数用意した。端子４を構成する板材の厚みは０．１ｍｍであった。これらの導体２０と端子４とシェル５とを組み合わせた端子付き電線１０の試料を複数作製した。そして、作製直後の試料、室温で２４時間放置した試料、室温で１２０時間放置した試料、室温で１６８時間放置した試料、及び１２０℃で１２０時間保持した試料の保持力を測定した。１２０℃×１２０時間の熱処理は加速試験と考えて良い。 First, as the conductor 20 of the electric wire 2, a plurality of Cu—Ag alloy single core wires and a plurality of Cu—Ag alloy single core wires having a Sn plating layer were prepared. The nominal cross-sectional area of the conductor 20 was 0.13 mm 2 . Further, a plurality of terminals 4 in which the surface of the Ni base material is Sn-plated and a plurality of shells 5 made of SUS are prepared. The thickness of the plate material constituting the terminal 4 was 0.1 mm. A plurality of samples of the electric wire 10 with a terminal, which is a combination of the conductor 20, the terminal 4, and the shell 5, were prepared. Then, the holding power of the sample immediately after preparation, the sample left at room temperature for 24 hours, the sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, the sample left at room temperature for 168 hours, and the sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours was measured. The heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 120 hours can be considered as an accelerated test.
　まず、作製直後の試料における端子付き電線１０の縦断面を観察した。当該縦断面は図７の模式図に示す状態となっていた。当該縦断面における圧縮されていないグリップ部４Ｂの厚み（Ｙ１＋Ｙ３）、圧縮されていない導体２０の直径Ｙ２、及び加圧部５０Ｃによって圧縮された部分の厚みＸを測定した。その結果、厚みＹ１＋Ｙ３、直径Ｙ２、及び厚みＸはそれぞれ、３１５μｍ、２５０μｍ、及び４８５μｍであった。従って、本例の圧縮率は、｛（５６５－４８５）／５６５｝×１００＝１４．２％であった。 First, the vertical cross section of the electric wire 10 with a terminal in the sample immediately after production was observed. The vertical cross section was in the state shown in the schematic view of FIG. 7. The thickness (Y1 + Y3) of the uncompressed grip portion 4B in the vertical cross section, the diameter Y2 of the uncompressed conductor 20, and the thickness X of the portion compressed by the pressurizing portion 50C were measured. As a result, the thickness Y1 + Y3, the diameter Y2, and the thickness X were 315 μm, 250 μm, and 485 μm, respectively. Therefore, the compression ratio of this example was {(565-485) / 565} × 100 = 14.2%.
　次に、図８の試験装置７のチャック７１を５０ｍｍ／分の引き抜き速度で引っ張り、チャック７１を定速で動かすために必要な荷重（Ｎ）を測定した。この荷重が、上記保持力と考えて良い。その結果を、図１０の表にまとめた。表内のグラフの横軸はチャック７１の変位量（ｍｍ）、縦軸は保持力（Ｎ）である。この表内のグラフに示すように、いずれの試料においても、変位量が０．３ｍｍ付近で保持力がピークを示し、ピーク位置から４ｍｍ前後まで比較的高い保持力が維持された後、保持力がゼロになった。保持力がピークを示すまでのチャック７１の変位量は、導体２０の伸びに起因しており、端子４に対して導体２０が引き抜かれていなかった。従って、ピークを示す保持力は静止摩擦力に相当し、ピーク以後の保持力は動摩擦力に相当するものと考えられる。変位量が３ｍｍから４ｍｍ前後のときに保持力が一段階下がるのは、導体２０の先端が図７の第一厚肉部４１１の位置を抜けたからであり、最終的に保持力がゼロになったのは、端子４から導体２０が抜けたからである。 Next, the chuck 71 of the test device 7 of FIG. 8 was pulled at a pull-out speed of 50 mm / min, and the load (N) required to move the chuck 71 at a constant speed was measured. This load may be considered as the holding force. The results are summarized in the table of FIG. The horizontal axis of the graph in the table is the displacement amount (mm) of the chuck 71, and the vertical axis is the holding force (N). As shown in the graph in this table, in all the samples, the holding force peaks when the displacement amount is around 0.3 mm, and after the relatively high holding force is maintained from the peak position to around 4 mm, the holding force is maintained. Became zero. The amount of displacement of the chuck 71 until the holding force peaked was due to the elongation of the conductor 20, and the conductor 20 was not pulled out from the terminal 4. Therefore, it is considered that the holding force showing the peak corresponds to the static friction force, and the holding force after the peak corresponds to the dynamic friction force. When the displacement amount is about 3 mm to 4 mm, the holding force is lowered by one step because the tip of the conductor 20 has passed through the position of the first thick portion 411 in FIG. 7, and finally the holding force becomes zero. This is because the conductor 20 has come off from the terminal 4.
　各試料の保持力のピークはいずれも２０Ｎ以上となっていた。なお、市場に流通するコネクタアセンブリが、作製直後に使用されることはないので、シェル５による導体２０の締め付け直後の試料の保持力は、実用上無視してかまわない。 The peak of the holding power of each sample was 20 N or more. Since the connector assembly on the market is not used immediately after production, the holding force of the sample immediately after tightening the conductor 20 by the shell 5 can be ignored in practice.
　図１０に示されるように、試料の作製からの経過時間が長くなるほど、保持力のピークが高くなる傾向にあることが分かった。この結果から、時間の経過に伴い、保持力を上昇させる何らかの変化が導体２０と端子４のグリップ部４Ｂとの接合界面で生じていると推察される。この点については、後述する試験例２－１にて調査した。 As shown in FIG. 10, it was found that the longer the elapsed time from the preparation of the sample, the higher the peak of the holding power tends to be. From this result, it is inferred that with the passage of time, some change that increases the holding force occurs at the bonding interface between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4. This point was investigated in Test Example 2-1 described later.
　また、導体２０の表面にＳｎのめっき層を有するめっき有り試料の方が、導体２０の表面にＳｎのめっき層を有さないめっき無し試料よりも、ピーク後の保持力が低い傾向にあることが分かった。めっき有り試料に比べてめっき無し試料では、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとの間の純Ｓｎ量が少ない。純Ｓｎは、潤滑効果を有し、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとの間の動摩擦力を小さくすると考えられる。従って、めっき無し試料のピーク後の保持力が、めっき有り試料のピーク後の保持力よりも高くなったと推察される。 Further, the sample with plating having a Sn plating layer on the surface of the conductor 20 tends to have a lower post-peak holding force than the sample without plating having a Sn plating layer on the surface of the conductor 20. I found out. In the sample without plating, the amount of pure Sn between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B is smaller than that in the sample with plating. Pure Sn has a lubricating effect and is considered to reduce the dynamic frictional force between the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B. Therefore, it is presumed that the post-peak holding power of the unplated sample is higher than the post-peak holding power of the plated sample.
＜試験例１－２＞
　試験例１－２では、めっき層を有さないＣｕ－Ｓｎ合金の導体２０を用いて、試験１－１と同様の試験を行った。端子４とシェル５は、試験例１－１で使用したものと同じものであった。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、試験例１－１のＣｕ－Ａｇ合金よりも柔らかい。保持力の測定については、作製直後の試料、及び１２０℃で１２０時間保持した試料について行った。 <Test Example 1-2>
In Test Example 1-2, the same test as in Test 1-1 was performed using the conductor 20 of a Cu—Sn alloy having no plating layer. The terminals 4 and the shell 5 were the same as those used in Test Example 1-1. The Cu—Sn alloy is softer than the Cu—Ag alloy of Test Example 1-1. The holding power was measured on the sample immediately after preparation and the sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours.
　試験の結果、作製直後の試料における保持力は３０．３Ｎ、加速試験を行った試料における保持力は３２．１Ｎであった。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金からなる柔らかい導体２０を用いた端子付き電線１０においても、導体２０を強い力で締め付けることで導体２０の保持力が上昇することが分かった。試験例１－１，１－２の端子付き電線１０は、上記保持力に優れるため、電気的接続の信頼性に優れることが確認された。 As a result of the test, the holding power of the sample immediately after preparation was 30.3 N, and the holding power of the sample subjected to the accelerated test was 32.1 N. It was found that the holding force of the conductor 20 is increased by tightening the conductor 20 with a strong force even in the electric wire 10 with a terminal using the soft conductor 20 made of a Cu—Sn alloy. It was confirmed that the electric wires 10 with terminals of Test Examples 1-1 and 1-2 are excellent in the reliability of electrical connection because they are excellent in the above-mentioned holding power.
＜試験例２－１＞
　試験例１－１、１－２において、試料の静止摩擦力が時間の経過と共に上昇する原因を探るべく、以下のことを行った。まず、試験例１－１で用いた導体２０と端子４とシェル５とで端子付き電線１０を作製した。導体２０は、めっき層を有さないＣｕ－Ａｇ合金であった。次いで、端子付き電線１０の作製から所定時間経過後、端子付き電線１０を解体し、導体２０の表面をＳＥＭ（Ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇ　Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ　Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ）によって観察した。観察した試料は、グリップ部４Ｂによる導体２０の締め付け直後の試料、室温で１２０時間放置した試料、及び１２０℃で１２０時間保持した試料であった。観察結果を図１１の表に示す。各試料の導体２０の表面には付着物が確認された。この付着物は、端子４のＳｎ層４ｂに由来するＳｎの凝着部９（図９参照）と推察される。 <Test Example 2-1>
In Test Examples 1-1 and 1-2, the following was performed in order to investigate the cause of the static frictional force of the sample increasing with the passage of time. First, the electric wire 10 with a terminal was produced by the conductor 20, the terminal 4, and the shell 5 used in Test Example 1-1. The conductor 20 was a Cu—Ag alloy having no plating layer. Next, after a lapse of a predetermined time from the production of the electric wire 10 with a terminal, the electric wire 10 with a terminal was disassembled, and the surface of the conductor 20 was observed by a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The observed samples were a sample immediately after tightening the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B, a sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, and a sample held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours. The observation results are shown in the table of FIG. Adhesions were confirmed on the surface of the conductor 20 of each sample. This deposit is presumed to be the Sn adhesion portion 9 (see FIG. 9) derived from the Sn layer 4b of the terminal 4.
　ＳＥＭの結果を受け、ＥＤＸ（Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ　ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｖｅ　Ｘ－ｒａｙ　ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｍｅｔｒｙ）によって、導体２０の表面における元素の分布を調べた。その結果を図１１の表に示す。表の上から一行目はＳＥＭ画像、二行目は導体の表面に付着したＳｎ分布、三行目は導体の表面のＣｕ分布である。 Based on the results of SEM, the distribution of elements on the surface of the conductor 20 was investigated by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometery). The results are shown in the table of FIG. The first row from the top of the table is the SEM image, the second row is the Sn distribution attached to the surface of the conductor, and the third row is the Cu distribution on the surface of the conductor.
　図１１に示されるように、時間の経過に伴い、導体２０の表面におけるＳｎ分布が広がっていることが分かった。端子４に備わるＳｎ層４ｂの表面には自然酸化によって生じる酸化被膜４ｃが形成されるため、単に端子４を導体２０にかしめただけでは、Ｓｎ層のＳｎが導体２０の表面にほとんど付着しない。一方、本例の試料では、端子４の第一板状片４１と第二板状片４２とで導体２０が強い力で挟み込まれ続けている。そのため、本例の試料における導体２０の表面に付着したＳｎは、板状片４１，４２のＳｎ層４ｂに含まれるＳｎの一部が酸化被膜４ｃを貫通して、導体２０の表面に溢れ出してなる凝着部９と考えられる。また、時間の経過に伴ってＳｎの分布が広がっていることから、Ｓｎの凝着部９の面積の増加が、試験１－１，１－２における静止摩擦力を向上させているものと推察される。 As shown in FIG. 11, it was found that the Sn distribution on the surface of the conductor 20 expanded with the passage of time. Since an oxide film 4c generated by natural oxidation is formed on the surface of the Sn layer 4b provided on the terminal 4, the Sn of the Sn layer hardly adheres to the surface of the conductor 20 simply by crimping the terminal 4 to the conductor 20. On the other hand, in the sample of this example, the conductor 20 is continuously sandwiched between the first plate-shaped piece 41 and the second plate-shaped piece 42 of the terminal 4 with a strong force. Therefore, in the Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 in the sample of this example, a part of Sn contained in the Sn layer 4b of the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 penetrates the oxide film 4c and overflows to the surface of the conductor 20. It is considered that the adhesive portion 9 is formed. In addition, since the distribution of Sn has expanded with the passage of time, it is inferred that the increase in the area of the Sn adhesion portion 9 improves the static frictional force in Tests 1-1 and 1-2. Will be done.
　次いで、導体２０の表面における凝着部９の面積を計算により求めた。具体的には、図１１に示すＳＥＭ画像から導体２０の直径を求めると共に、Ｃｕ分布を示す画像からＣｕが検出される視野幅（直径と同じ方向の長さ）を求めた。本例では、上記直径が２６７μｍ、上記視野幅が２４８μｍであった。Ｃｕが検出される視野幅が、ＥＤＸによって元素を分析できる幅である。つまり、導体２０の表面の９３％の領域で元素を分析できる。分析できない部分は、導体２０の端の部分であり、Ｓｎ層４ｂを有する板状片４１，４２が接触していない部分である。そのため、ＥＤＸによって分析した導体２０のＳｎ分布が、導体２０全体におけるＳｎ分布とみなせる。そこで、その視野幅に占めるＳｎの面積を画像解析によって求めた。その結果、作製直後の試料、室温で１２０時間放置した試料、及び１２０℃×１２０時間保持した試料におけるＳｎの凝着部９の面積はそれぞれ、０．０５８ｍｍ２、０．０７４ｍｍ２、及び０．１１９ｍｍ２であった。これらの測定した面積は、導体２０の片側における面積である。導体２０の両側を含めた各試料における凝着部９の総面積は、上記測定した面積の約２倍となる。本明細書には示していないが、導体２０における図１１に示す側と反対側でも、図１１に示す側と同程度の凝着部９が形成されていた。すなわち、二つの板状片４１，４２で導体２０を強い力で挟み続ける構成において、導体２０の表面におけるＳｎの凝着部９の面積は０．１００ｍｍ２以上であった。 Next, the area of the adhered portion 9 on the surface of the conductor 20 was calculated. Specifically, the diameter of the conductor 20 was obtained from the SEM image shown in FIG. 11, and the visual field width (length in the same direction as the diameter) at which Cu was detected was obtained from the image showing the Cu distribution. In this example, the diameter was 267 μm and the viewing width was 248 μm. The visual field width at which Cu is detected is the width at which elements can be analyzed by EDX. That is, the element can be analyzed in a region of 93% of the surface of the conductor 20. The portion that cannot be analyzed is the portion at the end of the conductor 20, and is the portion where the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 having the Sn layer 4b are not in contact with each other. Therefore, the Sn distribution of the conductor 20 analyzed by EDX can be regarded as the Sn distribution of the entire conductor 20. Therefore, the area of Sn in the visual field width was obtained by image analysis. As a result, the areas of the Sn adhesion portion 9 in the sample immediately after preparation, the sample left at room temperature for 120 hours, and the sample held at 120 ° C. × 120 hours were 0.058 mm 2 , 0.074 mm 2 , and 0. It was 119 mm 2 . These measured areas are the areas on one side of the conductor 20. The total area of the adhesion portion 9 in each sample including both sides of the conductor 20 is about twice the measured area. Although not shown in the present specification, the adhesive portion 9 of the conductor 20 is formed on the side opposite to the side shown in FIG. 11 as much as the side shown in FIG. That is, in a configuration in which the conductor 20 is continuously sandwiched between the two plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 with a strong force, the area of the Sn adhesion portion 9 on the surface of the conductor 20 is 0.100 mm 2 or more.
＜試験例２－２＞
　試験例２－１に示されるように、グリップ部４Ｂによる導体２０の保持力の上昇は、Ｓｎの凝着によって生じると推察される。保持力とＳｎの凝着との因果関係を確認すべく、図１２に示される試験装置８を用いた試験を行った。試験は室温で行った。 <Test Example 2-2>
As shown in Test Example 2-1 it is presumed that the increase in the holding force of the conductor 20 by the grip portion 4B is caused by the adhesion of Sn. In order to confirm the causal relationship between the holding force and the adhesion of Sn, a test was conducted using the test apparatus 8 shown in FIG. The test was conducted at room temperature.
　試験装置８を用いた試験では、まず、Ｓｎからなる板材８２と、Ｓｎからなる摺動部材８４を用意した。次いで、台座８０上に板材８２を載置し、板材８２に摺動部材８４のエンボス８４ｅを押し当てた。エンボス８４ｅの半径は１ｍｍであった。摺動部材８４に加えられる垂直荷重は、１Ｎ、２Ｎ、又は４Ｎであった。エンボス８４ｅを押し付ける時間は、１分、１６時間、又は６４時間とした。摺動部材８４に垂直荷重をかける時間が長くなると、板材８２のＳｎがエンボス８４ｅに凝着する量が増加する。 In the test using the test device 8, first, a plate material 82 made of Sn and a sliding member 84 made of Sn were prepared. Next, the plate member 82 was placed on the pedestal 80, and the embossed 84e of the sliding member 84 was pressed against the plate member 82. The radius of the embossed 84e was 1 mm. The vertical load applied to the sliding member 84 was 1N, 2N, or 4N. The time for pressing the embossed 84e was 1 minute, 16 hours, or 64 hours. When the time for applying the vertical load to the sliding member 84 becomes long, the amount of Sn of the plate material 82 adhering to the embossed 84e increases.
　所定時間経過後、摺動部材８４に垂直荷重をかけながら、摺動部材８４を水平方向に動かした。摺動部材８４を水平方向に移動させる力（Ｎ）を摩擦力として測定し、摩擦力を垂直荷重で除した摩擦係数を求めた。摺動部材８４の水平方向の変位量（ｍｍ）と摩擦係数との関係を示すグラフを表にまとめて図１３に示す。グラフの横軸は変位量、縦軸は摩擦係数である。 After a lapse of a predetermined time, the sliding member 84 was moved in the horizontal direction while applying a vertical load to the sliding member 84. The force (N) for moving the sliding member 84 in the horizontal direction was measured as a frictional force, and the frictional force was divided by the vertical load to obtain the friction coefficient. A graph showing the relationship between the horizontal displacement amount (mm) of the sliding member 84 and the friction coefficient is summarized in a table and shown in FIG. The horizontal axis of the graph is the amount of displacement, and the vertical axis is the coefficient of friction.
　図１３に示されるように、垂直荷重をかける時間の増加に伴い、摺動部材８４の摩擦係数のピークが大きくなることがわかった。摩擦係数のピークは、静止摩擦係数である。試験は室温にて行われているので、摩擦係数の増加は、Ｓｎの凝着量の増加に由来すると考えられる。 As shown in FIG. 13, it was found that the peak of the friction coefficient of the sliding member 84 increased as the time for applying the vertical load increased. The peak of the coefficient of friction is the coefficient of static friction. Since the test was conducted at room temperature, the increase in the coefficient of friction is considered to be due to the increase in the amount of Sn adhesion.
　また、図１３に示されるように、垂直荷重が大きくなるほど、摺動部材８４の摩擦係数のピークが大きくなることがわかった。つまり、図６に示される端子付き電線１０において、十分な保持力を得るためには、グリップ部４Ｂを導体２０に強い力で押し付け続ける必要があることが分かった。単にグリップ部４Ｂで導体２０を挟んでいるだけでは、十分な保持力を得ることはできない。 Further, as shown in FIG. 13, it was found that the larger the vertical load, the larger the peak of the friction coefficient of the sliding member 84. That is, it was found that in the electric wire 10 with a terminal shown in FIG. 6, it is necessary to keep pressing the grip portion 4B against the conductor 20 with a strong force in order to obtain a sufficient holding force. A sufficient holding force cannot be obtained simply by sandwiching the conductor 20 between the grip portions 4B.
＜試験例３＞
　次に、試験例１－１の試料におけるグリップ部４Ｂの板状片４１，４２と導体２０との接合界面の状態をＳＥＭ画像にて確認した。また、接合界面の組成をＥＤＸによって調べた。 <Test Example 3>
Next, the state of the bonding interface between the plate-shaped pieces 41 and 42 of the grip portion 4B and the conductor 20 in the sample of Test Example 1-1 was confirmed by an SEM image. In addition, the composition of the bonding interface was examined by EDX.
　図１４は、導体２０と接続する前における端子４のグリップ部４Ｂの断面写真である。この端子４は、Ｎｉ母材の表面にＳｎ層４ｂを形成したものである。紙面上側がグリップ部４Ｂの表面である。紙面下側の濃い灰色部分はＮｉ母材であり、Ｎｉ母材の上に形成される二番目に濃い灰色部分はＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａである。Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金は、Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ４である。Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａの表面は、局所的に突出した凸部４ｐを有する凹凸形状となっている。本例ではＳｎ層４ｂを形成した後にリフロー処理を行っており、このリフロー処理によってＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａの凸部４ｐが形成される。Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａの上に形成される薄い灰色部分はＳｎ層４ｂである。Ｓｎ層４ｂの表面には、Ｓｎが自然酸化してなる酸化被膜４ｃが形成されている。 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional photograph of the grip portion 4B of the terminal 4 before being connected to the conductor 20. The terminal 4 has a Sn layer 4b formed on the surface of the Ni base material. The upper side of the paper surface is the surface of the grip portion 4B. The dark gray portion on the lower side of the paper surface is the Ni base material, and the second dark gray portion formed on the Ni base material is the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a. The Sn—Ni alloy is Ni 3 Sn 4 . The surface of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a has a concave-convex shape having locally protruding convex portions 4p. In this example, the reflow treatment is performed after the Sn layer 4b is formed, and the convex portion 4p of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a is formed by this reflow treatment. The light gray portion formed on the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a is the Sn layer 4b. On the surface of the Sn layer 4b, an oxide film 4c formed by spontaneously oxidizing Sn is formed.
　図１５は、導体２０とグリップ部４Ｂとを接合した直後における接合界面の断面写真である。紙面上側の灰色部分は導体２０である。本例の導体２０はＳｎめっきを備えないＣｕ－Ａｇ合金の導体２０である。本例では、グリップ部４Ｂによって導体２０を強い力で挟み込んでいるため、Ｓｎ層４ｂが平面方向に流動し、Ｓｎ層４ｂが薄くなっている。その際、Ｓｎ層４ｂの酸化被膜４ｃ（図９）が破れ、Ｓｎ層４ｂに含まれるＳｎが、導体２０に溢れ出して導体２０に凝着する。導体２０に凝着するＳｎ（図９の凝着部９）は、既に述べたように導体２０の保持力を向上させることに寄与する。また、Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａの凸部４ｐが、薄くなったＳｎ層４ｂを貫通し、導体２０の表面に食い込んでいる。この食い込みは、機械的な引っ掛かりとなる。従って、この食い込みも、導体２０の保持力の向上に寄与しているものと推察される。 FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional photograph of the joining interface immediately after joining the conductor 20 and the grip portion 4B. The gray portion on the upper side of the paper surface is the conductor 20. The conductor 20 of this example is a Cu—Ag alloy conductor 20 without Sn plating. In this example, since the conductor 20 is sandwiched by the grip portion 4B with a strong force, the Sn layer 4b flows in the plane direction, and the Sn layer 4b becomes thin. At that time, the oxide film 4c (FIG. 9) of the Sn layer 4b is broken, and Sn contained in the Sn layer 4b overflows to the conductor 20 and adheres to the conductor 20. The Sn that adheres to the conductor 20 (adhesion portion 9 in FIG. 9) contributes to improving the holding force of the conductor 20 as described above. Further, the convex portion 4p of the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a penetrates the thinned Sn layer 4b and bites into the surface of the conductor 20. This bite becomes a mechanical catch. Therefore, it is presumed that this bite also contributes to the improvement of the holding force of the conductor 20.
　図１６は、作製後に１２０℃×２０時間保持する加速試験を行った試料の断面写真である。この断面写真では、導体２０の表面に薄い灰色の部分が形成されている。この薄い灰色部分は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０である。Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０は、導体２０の表面に凝着したＳｎが、導体２０に含まれるＣｕと反応することで形成されたものである。また、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０とＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａとの間には、未反応のＳｎと、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金と、Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金とが混在する混在層６１が形成されていた。 FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional photograph of a sample subjected to an accelerated test in which the sample is held at 120 ° C. for 20 hours after preparation. In this cross-sectional photograph, a light gray portion is formed on the surface of the conductor 20. This light gray portion is the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60. The Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 is formed by reacting Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 with Cu contained in the conductor 20. Further, between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a, a mixed layer 61 in which unreacted Sn, Cu—Sn alloy, and Sn—Ni alloy are mixed is formed.
　図１７は、作製後に１２０℃×１２０時間保持する加速試験を行った試料の断面写真である。この断面写真では、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層６０とＳｎ－Ｎｉ合金層４ａとの間に混在層６１が形成され、未反応のＳｎがなくなっていた。混在層６１のうち、導体２０側の色の濃い部分は、Ｃｕ３Ｓｎ合金、グリップ部４Ｂ側の色の薄い部分はＣｕ６Ｓｎ５である。 FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional photograph of a sample subjected to an accelerated test in which the sample is held at 120 ° C. for 120 hours after preparation. In this cross-sectional photograph, a mixed layer 61 was formed between the Cu—Sn alloy layer 60 and the Sn—Ni alloy layer 4a, and unreacted Sn was eliminated. Of the mixed layer 61, the dark-colored portion on the conductor 20 side is Cu 3 Sn alloy, and the light-colored portion on the grip portion 4B side is Cu 6 Sn 5 .
　以上の結果から、グリップ部４Ｂから導体２０の表面に凝着したＳｎが、時間の経過に伴い合金化することが分かった。 From the above results, it was found that Sn adhering to the surface of the conductor 20 from the grip portion 4B alloys with the passage of time.
１　コネクタアセンブリ
　１０　端子付き電線
２　電線
　２０　導体、２１　絶縁層
３　コネクタ
　３Ａ　フロントハウジング、３Ｂ　リアカバー
　３０　挿入孔、３１　ハウジング側係合部、３２　カバー側係合部
　３１ｆ　第一突起、３１ｓ　第二突起
　３３　隔壁、３４　キャビティ、３５　スライド溝、３６　貫通窓
４　端子
　４ａ　Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金層、４ｂ　Ｓｎ層、４ｃ　酸化被膜、４ｐ　凸部
　４Ａ　端子接続部、４Ｂ　グリップ部、
　４０　挿入孔、４１　第一板状片、４２　第二板状片、４４　セレーション
　４５　端子側係合部、４６　貫通窓
　４１０　第一薄肉部、４１１　第一厚肉部
　４２０　第二薄肉部、４２１　第二厚肉部
５　シェル
　５０　筒状部、５０Ｃ　加圧部、５０ｄ　段差部
　５１　第一突出部、５２　第二突出部、５３　ガイド部
　５５　シェル側係合部、５５ｆ　第一係合部、５５ｓ　第二係合部
６　合金層
　６０　Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金層、６１　混在層
７　試験装置
　７０　押さえ部材、７１　チャック
８　試験装置
　８０　台座、８２　板材、８４　摺動部材、８４ｅ　エンボス
９　凝着部 1 Connector assembly 10 Wire with terminal 2 Wire 20 Conductor, 21 Insulation layer 3 Connector 3A Front housing, 3B Rear cover 30 Insertion hole, 31 Housing side engagement part, 32 Cover side engagement part 31f 1st protrusion, 31s 2nd protrusion 33 Bulk partition, 34 cavity, 35 slide groove, 36 through window 4 terminal 4a Sn—Ni alloy layer, 4b Sn layer, 4c oxide film, 4p convex part 4A terminal connection part, 4B grip part,
40 Insertion hole, 41 1st plate-shaped piece, 42 2nd plate-shaped piece, 44 Serration 45 Terminal side engaging part, 46 Through window 410 1st thin part, 411 1st thick part 420 2nd thin part, 421 1st 2 Thick wall 5 Shell 50 Cylindrical part, 50C Pressurizing part, 50d Step part 51 First protruding part, 52 Second protruding part, 53 Guide part 55 Shell side engaging part, 55f First engaging part, 55s 2 Engagement part 6 Alloy layer 60 Cu—Sn alloy layer, 61 Mixed layer 7 Test equipment 70 Pressing member, 71 Chuck 8 Test equipment 80 Pedestal, 82 Plate material, 84 Sliding member, 84e Embossing 9 Adhesive part

Claims (8)

  1. 　導体を有する電線と、
    　前記導体に接続される端子と、
    　前記端子に取り付けられるシェルを備え、
    　　前記端子は、前記導体を挟み込むグリップ部を有し、
    　　前記シェルは、前記グリップ部の少なくとも一部を前記導体の側に押圧する加圧部を有し、
    　前記グリップ部と前記導体とを接合する合金層を備え、
    　前記合金層は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金を含む、
    端子付き電線。     Electric wires with conductors and
    The terminals connected to the conductor
    With a shell that can be attached to the terminal
    The terminal has a grip portion that sandwiches the conductor.
    The shell has a pressure portion that presses at least a part of the grip portion toward the conductor.
    An alloy layer for joining the grip portion and the conductor is provided.
    The alloy layer contains a Cu—Sn alloy.
    Electric wire with terminals.
  2. 　前記Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金は、Ｃｕ６Ｓｎ５である請求項１に記載の端子付き電線。 The electric wire with a terminal according to claim 1, wherein the Cu—Sn alloy is Cu 6 Sn 5 .
  3. 　前記合金層は、Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金を含む請求項１または請求項２に記載の端子付き電線。 The electric wire with a terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy layer contains a Sn—Ni alloy.
  4. 　前記Ｓｎ－Ｎｉ合金は、Ｎｉ３Ｓｎ４である請求項３に記載の端子付き電線。 The electric wire with a terminal according to claim 3 , wherein the Sn—Ni alloy is Ni 3 Sn 4 .
  5. 　前記導体は単芯線である請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の端子付き電線。 The electric wire with a terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conductor is a single core wire.
  6. 　前記導体は、Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ合金、又はＣｕ－Ａｇ合金である請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の端子付き電線。 The electric wire with a terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conductor is a Cu—Sn alloy or a Cu—Ag alloy.
  7. 　前記シェルは、
    　　前記グリップ部を内部に収納する筒状部と、
    　　前記筒状部に形成される前記加圧部とを備える請求項１から請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の端子付き電線。     The shell
    A tubular part that stores the grip part inside and
    The electric wire with a terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising the pressurizing portion formed in the tubular portion.
  8. 　前記グリップ部は、前記導体を挟んで互いに向き合う第一板状片と第二板状片とを備え、
    　前記加圧部は、前記筒状部の内周側に突出する第一突出部と第二突出部とを備え、
    　前記第一突出部は、前記第一板状片を前記第二板状片の側に押圧し、
    　前記第二突出部は、前記第二板状片を前記第一板状片の側に押圧する請求項７に記載の端子付き電線。     The grip portion includes a first plate-shaped piece and a second plate-shaped piece that face each other with the conductor in between.
    The pressurizing portion includes a first protruding portion and a second protruding portion that project toward the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion.
    The first protruding portion presses the first plate-shaped piece toward the side of the second plate-shaped piece.
    The electric wire with a terminal according to claim 7, wherein the second protruding portion presses the second plate-shaped piece toward the side of the first plate-shaped piece.
PCT/JP2020/030053 2019-08-09 2020-08-05 Electric wire with terminal WO2021029301A1 (en)

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JP2021028879A (en) 2021-02-25
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