WO2021027464A1 - 一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021027464A1
WO2021027464A1 PCT/CN2020/101706 CN2020101706W WO2021027464A1 WO 2021027464 A1 WO2021027464 A1 WO 2021027464A1 CN 2020101706 W CN2020101706 W CN 2020101706W WO 2021027464 A1 WO2021027464 A1 WO 2021027464A1
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soil
valve
gun
application
gas
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PCT/CN2020/101706
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴福成
刘小明
李加林
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成都天本地源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021027464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027464A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
    • A01C15/02—Fertiliser distributors for hand use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of applying materials to deep soil layers, and specifically relates to a pneumatic parallel device and method for applying materials to deep soil layers.
  • Soil is the foundation of human activities and the root of human survival and development. With the rapid economic and social development, the demand for soil by human activities has severely overdrawn the soil carrying capacity, causing the soil that nourishes us to become compacted, degraded and polluted. This overdraft activity not only damages and affects the surface layer of the soil, but also further damages and affects the deep soil. How to repair and improve the soil, maintain and rebuild the deep soil, is currently faced with the embarrassing situation of no one wants to do manual operations, no technical means available, and inorganic availability of operating equipment.
  • This status quo is not only in the areas of shallow soil restoration and improvement such as agricultural soil, rejuvenation of ancient trees, sponge city construction, turf care, landscaping, etc., but also in environmental protection, groundwater pollution control, soil contaminated site restoration, mine restoration, desert control, etc. This is especially true in the field of deep soil remediation.
  • the current core technology or first principle is to uniformly mix the soil remediation and improvement materials with the target soil, especially for in-situ soil remediation and improvement.
  • the existing methods are as follows:
  • the main methods are: use manual hoe and shovel to dig and mix the materials; manually or spread the materials on the soil surface, and then use Tractors and other power equipment drive working equipment such as rotary tillers to mix the materials spread on the ground into the soil, or use excavators, forklifts and other engineering equipment equipped with relevant machinery to mix various materials into the soil.
  • the current main method is: excavating pits, ditches and troughs with excavators, mixing the materials with the soil layer and then backfilling the soil layer; or Use a drilling rig to drill the hole, and then pour the configured liquid reagent into the hole, and use the liquid infiltration to realize the diffusion of the reagent in the soil layer.
  • high temperature and high pressure steam is generally pressed into the soil layer from the borehole, and gas phase Extraction accelerates the repair and treatment of soil pollution.
  • the above equipment has the following shortcomings, mainly in:
  • Soil remediation and improvement are carried out in the deep part of the soil.
  • the equipment and methods for material application are mainly limited to drilling, chemical injection, high temperature and high pressure pressurization, extraction treatment and other process links.
  • the main defects are: First, the type of mixture Restrictions, the sprayed medicament is limited to gas and liquid medicaments with permeable diffusion effect, and cannot diffuse solid powder and granular substances; second, the process is complicated, the cycle is long, the input is high, the efficiency is low, and the mixing treatment is uneven and incomplete; 3. It has a narrow application scope and is powerless for mine restoration, desert control, groundwater pollution control, etc.
  • the present invention proposes a pneumatic parallel device and method for applying materials to the deep part of the soil layer, so as to meet the needs of applying materials to the inside of the soil layer.
  • a certain amount of various materials can be uniformly applied to any depth of soil.
  • the operation efficiency is high, the material application is uniform, and the material application is uniform. Accurate quantity, low labor intensity and low operating cost.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic parallel device for spreading materials in deep soil layers.
  • the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:
  • a pneumatic parallel device for material application in deep soil layers includes a material application gun, a soil-entry device located on the upper part of the material application gun, and a gas injection explosion system connected to the material application gun and The material application system, the gas spraying system and the material application system are connected in parallel with the material application gun.
  • the inside of the material application gun is a hollow tube, which can be a round tube or a square tube, with a diameter of 10mm to 200mm; the lower end is tapered and closed, and the lower end peripheral wall is provided with passage holes for compressed gas and materials;
  • the length is determined according to the depth of the soil layer where the material needs to be sprayed, which can be 10cm ⁇ 30m. According to the length, it can be divided into single or multiple roots; the material needs to be placed inside the soil layer of the required depth during the operation, which is explosion gas And the passage of materials into the soil.
  • the described soil insertion device is used to place the material application gun into a certain depth of soil. According to the texture and depth of the soil layer, the impact type, the vibration type or the drilling type can be selected.
  • the power can also be selected as the electric, Hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical drive.
  • the gas explosion system includes a high-pressure gas tank and an explosion valve, the high-pressure gas tank is fixedly connected with the explosion valve, and the outlet of the explosion valve is connected with a material application gun.
  • the gas blasting system is used for instantaneously releasing blasting gas into the soil layer through the material application gun and forming a shock wave blasting the soil layer.
  • the high-pressure compressed gas stored in the high-pressure gas tank is controlled to be released instantaneously through the explosion valve and sprayed into the soil layer through the material application gun An air explosion is formed in the soil layer, thereby forming a crack in the soil layer for the filling space of the material;
  • the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas tank and the gas capacity of the high-pressure gas tank can be selected according to the texture and depth of the soil layer, and the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas tank can be selected to be 0.5-5 MPa,
  • the gas capacity of the high-pressure gas tank can be selected optimally to be 5-200L;
  • the material application system includes a material silo, a feeding valve, a valve one, a material sending silo, a valve two, and a feed pipe that are connected to each other in sequence, and the feed pipe is internally communicated with the material application gun;
  • the material warehouse is used to store a large amount of materials to be applied to the soil layer, and the volume of the material warehouse can be comprehensively selected according to the amount of material to be applied and the working time; the external structure size and material of the material warehouse It can be selected according to the nature of the material.
  • the lower part of the material bin can be tapered.
  • the cone angle is equal to or similar to the material accumulation angle to facilitate the falling of the material.
  • the material of the material bin can be carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and Plastic etc.;
  • the feeding valve is used to accurately measure the amount of material entering the material sending bin.
  • the feeding valve may be a rotary type, and its power may be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanically driven, and its speed and the amount of a single rotating material are determined by the amount of material that needs to enter the material sending bin;
  • valve one is used to cut off/connect the feeding valve and the material sending bin to ensure airtight isolation between the material sending bin and the material bin when the material sending bin sends materials .
  • the valve one can be a ball valve, gate valve, etc., and its power can be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical drive; the airtight pressure level of the valve one can be 0.1-3MPa;
  • the material sending bin is used to store quantitative materials measured by the feeding valve, and use compressed gas as a power to apply the materials into the soil through the feeding pipe and the material application gun;
  • the material delivery bin is provided with a material flow aid device.
  • the material flow aid device includes but is not limited to the configuration of a suitable mechanical stirring flow aid or air flow blowing device, such as the installation of a rotator or a gas nozzle at the bottom.
  • the volume of the material sending bin needs to meet a single material application amount of 0.25-20kg, which can be 1-30L; the material sending bin is used to send materials
  • the compressed gas pressure can be 0.1 ⁇ 3MPa, and the ratio of gas volume to material volume required for a single transmission is 3 ⁇ 50;
  • valve two is used to cut off/connect the material sending bin and the conveying pipe to ensure that when the material sending bin does not send materials, the gas between the material sending bin and the conveying pipe It is tightly isolated to prevent materials that are not fluidized from entering the feeding pipe and blocking the passage by the material spraying gun.
  • the valve two can isolate the gas explosion system and the material introduction system.
  • the valve two can be a ball valve, a gate valve, etc., and its power can be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical drive; the airtight pressure level of the valve two can be 0.1-3MPa;
  • the delivery pipe is used to connect the material application system and the material application gun
  • the inner diameter of the delivery pipe is DN10 ⁇ DN100
  • the delivery pipe is a hose
  • the delivery pipe can be a smooth straight pipe or It may be a threaded pipe lined with threads for rotating and suspending and conveying the incoming gas-material mixture, and its length is determined according to the installation position relationship between the gas explosion system and the material application system.
  • the present invention also provides an implementation method based on the above-mentioned pneumatic parallel device for applying materials to the deep part of the soil layer, which includes the following main contents:
  • the soil layer includes agriculture, forestry, grass industry, landscaping, environmental protection, mine restoration, ecological restoration, site restoration, groundwater pollution control or construction engineering soil or soil layer; also includes sludge/bottom in pits and tanks Mud, river and lake bottom mud, mud flat silt, landfill, biological pile, organic fertilizer fermentation pile, biogas fermentation tank, etc.;
  • the said materials mainly include powdery and granular solid materials, solid-liquid mixed materials, including but not limited to powdery and granular solids used for soil remediation and improvement, such as soil remediation agents, soil conditioners, soil amendments, oxidants, reducing agents, Curing/stabilizing agents, microbial agents, various forms of fertilizers, clay, sand, straw powder, activated carbon, cement, concrete and other fluid materials;
  • the deep part of the soil layer is 10cm ⁇ 30m below the ground surface. This includes the application of materials to the shallow soil layer shallower from the ground, such as the transportation of root materials of shallow plants such as lawns, etc., and also includes the operation of deep wells. Improvement and restoration of soil layers with a depth of less than 30m, especially for groundwater pollution control, degraded soil layer control, and desertified soil layer control.
  • the gas includes compressed air and/or high-pressure steam/gas, here specifically refers to compressed high-pressure air or other high-pressure steam/gas, including solids, liquids, etc. converted into gaseous high-pressure steam/gas , Including but not limited to water vapor.
  • Analyze the condition of the soil layer to be operated understand its texture, determine the type of material to be applied to the soil layer, composition ratio, depth and amount of application, and match it with the parameters of the application device, and select the appropriate application device;
  • S3 is required only when there are insufficient cracks in the soil layer
  • Material can be applied to the soil/soil layer of any suitable depth, which is wider than the range of working depth that is applicable to the way of mechanically stirring the mixture of transmission;
  • the equipped gas blasting system can realize the integrated operation of first blasting to produce pores and then applying materials to the soil whose porosity is not enough to provide filling space for materials to be sprayed, which improves the adaptability of the device;
  • the high-pressure and high-airtight material application system can ensure that the material is uniformly and quantitatively applied to the soil of the set depth and set range, with high efficiency and reliability;
  • Figure 1 is a pneumatic parallel device provided by the present invention for applying materials to deep soil layers.
  • a pneumatic parallel device for spraying materials to the deep part of the soil layer includes a material spraying gun 1, a soil filling device 3 located on the upper part of the material spraying gun, and a gas spraying device connected to the material spraying gun 1.
  • the material application gun 1 is hollow;
  • the gas explosion system 2 includes a high-pressure gas tank 2-1 and an explosion valve 2-2, and the high-pressure gas tank 2-1 is fixed with the explosion valve 2-2
  • the explosion valve 2-2 is connected with the material application gun 1;
  • the material application system 4 includes a material bin 4-1, a feeding valve 4-2, a valve 4-3, and a material
  • the sending bin 4-4, the valve two 4-5 and the feeding pipe 4-6, the feeding pipe 4-6 communicates with the material application gun 1 internally.
  • the method of applying the material application device to material application in shallow soils includes the following steps:
  • the soil restoration and improvement of agriculture, forestry, grass, horticulture and other soils involve material application depth ranging from 0 to 1m. It belongs to shallow soil and is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase body.
  • the main problems are soil compaction, lack of organic matter, and nutrition. Elements deficiency, heavy metal pollution and soil acidification and salinization issues;
  • the main types of materials that need to be applied are: compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial agent (fertilizer), heavy metal curing agent/stabilizer, passivator, lime, soil conditioner, etc., single operation point
  • the amount of application is 0.25 ⁇ 5kg;
  • the main parameters of the application device are: material application gun 1 maximum penetration depth 1m, diameter 10-50mm; gas explosion system 2 pressure 0.5-2.5MPa, high-pressure gas tank 2-1 volume 5 ⁇ 30L; the volume of material sending bin 4-4 is 1 ⁇ 10L, the pressure of high pressure gas for material sending is 0.1 ⁇ 1.5MPa;
  • the compressed gas is filled into the high-pressure gas tank 2-1 and released instantaneously through the explosion valve 2-2, and the gas enters the soil layer through the material application gun 1 to generate impact explosion and form cracks in the soil layer.
  • the implementation method of applying the material application device to the restoration and improvement of the site soil includes the following steps:
  • the application depth of materials involved in soil remediation and improvement of the site is within the range of 1-30m.
  • the main pollutants involved in this type of soil and soil layer are heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, semi-volatile organic pollutants, volatile organic pollutants, and organic- Metal pollutants are acid pollution, alkali pollution, etc., including groundwater pollution caused by this;
  • the main types of materials that need to be sprayed are: metal curing agent/stabilizer, curing agent, oxidant, reducing agent, biological agent, activated carbon and other substances, and the amount of spraying per operation point/time is 0.25-20kg;
  • the main parameters of the application device are: material application gun 1 maximum penetration depth 30m, diameter 30 ⁇ 200mm; gas explosion system 2 pressure 2 ⁇ 5MPa, high pressure gas tank 2-1 volume 20 ⁇ 200L; the volume of the material sending bin 4-4 is 5-30L, and the high-pressure gas pressure of the material sending is 0.1-3MPa;
  • the soil insertion device 3 can be used to directly enter the material application gun 1 into the soil; or a hole with a predetermined depth is drilled for the intended operation point, Then place the material application gun 1 into the soil layer at a fixed depth through the soil insertion device 3;
  • the compressed gas is filled into the high-pressure gas tank 2-1 and released instantaneously through the explosion valve 2-2, and the gas enters the soil layer through the material application gun 1 to generate impact explosion and form cracks in the soil layer.
  • the material spraying gun 1 can be raised by 1 to 3 meters, and then cycle S3 to S4 until the entire soil depth range of the same operation point is applied. materials;
  • the method for applying the material application device to mine repair includes the following steps:
  • Mine restoration involves the land damaged by mining activities that cannot be used without treatment; mainly waste rock piles, mine pits, tailings waste land, mining auxiliary buildings and waste land generated by road occupation; this type of soil and soil
  • the main pollutants involved in the layer include heavy metals, extreme pH values, salinization, lack of surface soil and other plant rooting and spreading media, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, lack of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and lack of organic matter;
  • the main types of materials that need to be applied are: curing agents/stabilizers; fillers such as foreign soil to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil; organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers to improve soil nutrition; Regulators to adjust soil pH, etc.; this type of soil/soil layer has a large porosity, and a large amount of filling material needs to be applied;
  • the main parameters of the spreading device are: the maximum penetration depth of the material application gun 1 is 30m, the diameter is 30 ⁇ 200mm; the volume of the material sending bin 4-4 is 30L or more, and the pressure of the material sending high pressure gas is 0.5 ⁇ 3MPa;
  • the soil insertion device 3 can be used to directly enter the material application gun 1 into the soil; or a hole with a predetermined depth is drilled for the intended operation point, Then place the material application gun 1 into the soil layer at a fixed depth through the soil insertion device 3;
  • the material spray gun 1 can be raised by 0.5 to 1 meter, and then cycle S3 ⁇ S4 until the entire soil depth range of the same operating point is applied. materials;
  • the implementation method of using the material application device for sludge and seepage pit treatment includes the following steps:
  • the soil/soil layers involved in the treatment of sludge and soaking pits mainly include river and lake bottom mud, sludge ponds, soaking pits, tidal flat silt, landfills, biological piles, organic fertilizer fermentation piles, biogas fermentation tanks, etc.;
  • the main types of materials that need to be applied are: curing agent/stabilizer, curing agent, oxidant, reducing agent, biological agent, air and other substances;
  • the main parameters of the application device are: material application gun 1 has a maximum depth of 10m into the soil and a diameter of 30 ⁇ 200mm; material delivery bin 4-4 has a volume of 5 ⁇ 30L, and material delivery high pressure gas pressure is 0.1 ⁇ 3MPa ;
  • the soil insertion device 3 can be used to directly enter the material application gun 1 into the soil; or a hole with a predetermined depth is drilled for the intended operation point, Then place the material application gun 1 into the soil layer at a fixed depth through the soil insertion device 3;
  • the implementation method of applying the material application device to desert control includes the following steps:
  • the main types of materials that need to be applied are: clay, water retention agent, straw powder, organic fertilizer, fixative, rooting powder and other substances;
  • the main parameters of the application device are: material application gun 1 has a maximum soil penetration depth of 5m and a diameter of 30-100mm; material delivery bin 4-4 has a volume of 5-30L, and material delivery high-pressure gas pressure is 0.1-5MPa ;
  • the material spray gun 1 can be raised by 0.5 to 1 meter, and S3 is repeated until the material is sprayed within the entire depth of the sand layer at the same operation point;

Abstract

一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及实施方法，装置包括物料施撒枪（1）、位于物料施撒枪（1）上部的入土装置（3），以及分别与物料施撒枪（1）相连接的气体喷爆系统（2）和物料施入系统（4），气体喷爆系统（2）和物料施入系统（4）相互并联式与物料施撒枪（1）相连接。其中，气体喷爆系统（2）包括高压气罐（2-1）和喷爆阀（2-2），物料施入系统（4）包括依次相互连接的物料仓（4-1）、给料阀（4-2）、阀一（4-3）、物料发送仓（4-4）、阀二（4-5）和输料管（4-6），输料管（4-6）与物料施撒枪（1）内部相连通。采用该装置及实施方法可向任意深度的土层内部均匀施入定量的各类物料，替代了传统方式，大大提高了向土层深部施入物料的作业效率，显著降低了向土层深部施入物料的成本，减少了人工劳动强度。

Description

一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于向土层深部施撒物料技术领域，具体涉及一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及方法。
背景技术
土壤是人类活动的基础，是人类赖以生存和发展根源。随着经济社会的快速发展，人类活动对土壤的索取已经严重透支了土壤承载能力，导致养育我们的土壤板结了、退化了和污染了。这种透支活动不仅破坏和影响了土壤表层，而且进一步破坏和影响了深部土壤。如何修复和改良土壤、维护和重建深部土壤，目前已面临人工作业上无人愿做，技术手段上无计可施和作业装备上无机可用的尴尬境地。这种现状不仅在农业土壤、古树复壮、海绵城市建设、草皮护理、园林绿化等浅层土壤修复改良领域如此，而且在环境保护、地下水污染治理、土壤污染场地修复、矿山修复、沙漠治理等深部土壤修复领域更是如此。不论是浅层土壤修复改良还是深部土壤修复，目前核心工艺或第一性原理是将土壤修复改良的物料与目标土壤实现均匀混合，尤其是土壤原位修复改良更是如此。为达到物料与土壤的原位均匀混合，现有的方法如下：
在浅层土壤(土层深度0～1米之内)进行物料施撒，主要方式为：采用人工用锄头、铁锹挖掘搅拌混入物料；人工或施撒机将物料施撒在土壤表面，然后用拖拉机等动力设备带动旋耕机等作业设备将施撒 在地表的物料混入土中，或采用挖机、铲车等工程装备搭载相关机具将各种物料搅拌混合进入土层。
在深部土层(土层深度1～30米之内)进行物料施撒，目前主要方式为：采用挖掘机挖掘坑、沟和槽，将物料与土层混合搅拌再回填入土层；或采用钻机钻孔，然后将配置好的液体试剂灌入孔中，利用液体渗透实现试剂在土层中的扩散，为加快反应过程一般采用将高温高压蒸汽从钻孔中压入土层，同时采用气相抽提加速土层污染的修复与治理。
以上这些装备均存在以下不足，主要表现在：
在浅层土壤修复改良领域，物料施撒相关装备和方法主要局限在地表撒施，再用锄头、犁头、铲子、挖掘机、铲车等翻挖工具将土壤和物料搅拌混合，其存在的缺陷主要表现在：其一、破坏表层土壤和土壤团粒结构；其二、作业受限因素多，包括但不限于地形地貌、作物种类、施用的物料种类、作业季节等；其三、作业效率低、效果差、成本高、工艺复杂、劳动强度大。
在土层深部进行土壤修复改良，物料施撒相关装备和方法主要局限在钻孔、注入药剂、高温高压加压、抽提处理等工艺环节，存在的缺陷主要表现在：其一、混合物料种类限制，施撒的药剂局限于气体和具有渗透扩散作用的液体药剂，对固体粉粒状物质无法进行扩散；其二、工艺复杂、周期长、投入高、效率低，混合处理不均匀不彻底；其三、适用面窄，对矿山修复、沙漠治理、地下水污染治理等无能为力。
综上所述，有必要开发一种向任意深度土层内部施撒物料的装置，使其作业效率高、物料施撒均匀、物料施撒量精确、作业成本低以及劳动强度低，更好的适用于现阶段各类型土壤的修复改良，这将具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明就是为了解决上述技术问题而提出一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置及其方法，以满足向土层内部施撒物料的需求。通过该物料施撒装置并结合本发明的方法，可向任意深度的土层中均匀的施入定量的各类物料，相比于传统的作业方式作业效率高、物料施撒均匀、物料施撒量精确、劳动强度低以及作业成本低。
本发明的目的之一是提供了一种用于土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种用于土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，所述装置包括物料施撒枪、位于物料施撒枪上部的入土装置，以及分别与物料施撒枪相连接的气体喷爆系统和物料施入系统，所述气体喷爆系统和物料施入系统相互并联地与物料施撒枪相连接。
所述的物料施撒枪内部为中空的管状物，可为圆管或方管，通径可为10mm～200mm；下端部为锥形且封闭，下端周壁开有压缩气体和物料的通道孔；长度按需要施撒物料的土层深度确定，可为10cm～30m，根据长度可分为单根或多根相连接；物料施撒作业时需置入要求深度的土层内部，是喷爆气体和物料进入土层的通道。
所述的入土装置用于将物料施撒枪置入一定深度的土层，根据土 层的质地和深度可择优的选择冲击式、振动式或钻入式，其动力也可择优的选择电动、液压、气动或机械驱动。
所述气体喷爆系统包括高压气罐和喷爆阀，所述的高压气罐与所述的喷爆阀固定连接，所述的喷爆阀出口与物料施撒枪连接。所述的气体喷爆系统用于通过所述物料施撒枪将喷爆气体瞬间释放进入土层并形成冲击波喷爆土层。
进一步地，当且仅当土层内部用于填充物料的孔隙不足时，控制所述高压气罐内储存的高压压缩气体通过所述喷爆阀瞬间释放并通过所述物料施撒枪喷入土层中形成气爆，从而在土层中形成裂隙用于物料的填充空间；
进一步地，所述高压气罐内的气体压力以及所述高压气罐的气体容量均可根据土层质地和深度择优选择，可择优的选择所述高压气罐内的气体压力为0.5～5MPa，可择优的选择所述高压气罐的气体容量为5～200L；
所述物料施入系统包括依次相互连接的物料仓、给料阀、阀一、物料发送仓、阀二和输料管，所述输料管与所述物料施撒枪内部相连通；
进一步地，所述物料仓用于储存大量拟施入土层的物料，所述的物料仓容积可根据需要施撒物料的量以及作业时间综合择优选择；所述物料仓的外形结构尺寸及材质可根据物料的性质择优选择，所述物料仓的下部可为锥形，锥角与物料堆积角相等或相近，以便物料的下落，所述物料仓的材质可为碳钢、不锈钢、铝合金及塑料等；
进一步地，所述给料阀用于精确计量进入所述物料发送仓中的物料量。所述给料阀可为旋转式，其动力可以为电动、液压、气动或机械驱动，其转速和单次旋转物料量由需进入所述物料发送仓的物料量确定；
进一步地，所述阀一用于截断/连通所述给料阀和所述物料发送仓，确保所述物料发送仓发送物料时，所述物料发送仓与所述物料仓之间的气密隔绝。所述阀一可为球阀、闸阀等，其动力可以为电动、液压、气动或机械驱动；所述阀一的气密压力等级可为0.1～3MPa；
进一步地，所述物料发送仓用于存储通过所述给料阀计量的定量物料，并采用压缩气体作为动力将物料通过所述输料管和所述物料施撒枪施入土层中；所述物料发送仓内设有物料助流装置，所述物料助流装置包括但不限于配置合适的机械式搅拌助流器或气流式喷吹装置，如安装旋转器或其底部设置气体喷嘴，用于将所述物料发送仓内的物料初始流化；所述物料发送仓的容积需满足单次物料的施撒量0.25～20kg，可为1～30L；所述物料发送仓用于发送物料的压缩气体压力可为0.1～3MPa，单次发送所需气量与物料量之比为3～50；
进一步地，所述阀二用于截断/连通所述物料发送仓和所述输料管，确保所述物料发送仓未发送物料时，所述物料发送仓与所述输料管之间的气密隔绝，避免没有流化的物料进入所述输料管和所述物料施撒枪堵塞通道。同时，所述阀二可隔绝所述气体喷爆系统和所述物料施入系统。所述阀二可为球阀、闸阀等，其动力可以为电动、液压、气动或机械驱动；所述阀二的气密压力等级可为0.1～3MPa；
进一步地，所述输料管用于物料施入系统与物料施撒枪的连接，输料管的内径大小为DN10～DN100，输料管为软管，输料管可以是光滑的直通管，也可以是内衬螺纹的螺纹管，用于让进入的气料混合物旋转悬浮输送，其长度根据所述气体喷爆系统与所述物料施入系统之间的安装位置关系而定。
本发明的还提供了一种基于上述用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置的实施方法，其包括如下主要内容：
首先涉及如下概念定义：
所述土层包括农业、林业、草业、园林绿化、环保、矿山修复、生态修复、场地修复、地下水污染治理或建筑工程施工土壤或土层；也包括坑槽池罐中的污泥/底泥、河湖底泥、滩涂淤泥、垃圾填埋场、生物堆、有机肥发酵堆、沼气发酵罐池等；
所述的物料主要包括粉粒状固体物料、固液混合态物料，包括但不限于用于土壤修复和改良的粉粒状固体，如土壤修复剂、土壤调理剂、土壤改良剂、氧化剂、还原剂、固化/稳定剂、微生物菌剂、各种形态肥料、黏土、沙子、秸秆粉末、活性炭、水泥、混泥土等具有流动性物料；
所述土层深部为距离地表以下10cm～30m，此处包含对距离地面较浅的浅层土层进行物料的施撒，诸如草坪等浅表植物的根系物料输送等，也包括对于深井作业时深度在30m以下的土层进行的改良与修复作业，特别是对于地下水污染治理，恶化土层治理以及沙漠化土层治理。
所述的气体是包括压缩空气和/或高压蒸汽/气，此处具体是指经过压缩后的高压空气或者是其他的高压蒸汽/气，包括固体、液体等转化为气态后的高压蒸汽/气，包括但不限于水蒸汽。
其次按照下述方法进行实施操作：
S1：土层情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
分析待作业的土层情况，了解其质地，确定需要施入土层的物料种类、成分比例、深度及施入量，并与施撒装置的参数匹配，选择合适的施撒装置；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置将物料施撒枪置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的土层里；当施撒深度较浅时可用入土装置将物料施撒枪直接入土；当施撒深度较深时可先用其他装置对拟作业点预先钻一定深度的孔，然后通过入土装置将物料施撒枪置入一定深土层中；
S3：气体喷爆产生裂隙
将一定压力和容积的气体充入高压气罐中，通过喷爆阀瞬间释放，气体通过物料施撒枪进入土层中，产生冲击喷爆，在土层中形成裂隙，以便进一步向孔隙中填充物料。
当且仅当土层中裂隙不足时才需进行S3；
S4：向土层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一、关闭阀二，通过给料阀，将一定量的物料送入物料发送仓中；然后关闭阀一；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓中的物料初始流 化，然后向物料发送仓中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二，高压气体携带物料通过输料管和物料施撒枪进入土层的原有空隙或S3气体喷爆业已产生的空隙中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
S5：循环S2～S4
在同一作业点的不同深度或者同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
1、可在土壤原位实现向土壤深部施撒物料，替代了传统人工开挖、人工施撒、机械开挖、机械粉碎搅拌混合的作业方式；
2、可向任意适宜深度的土壤/土层施撒物料，比传动的机械搅拌混合物料的方式适用作业深度范围更广；
3、一次作业就实现了土壤深部中物料的施撒和均匀混合，而传统方式需要多个作业程序组合完成；
4、物料施入量精准，避免了物料的浪费和修复改良效果的不稳定；
5、配置的气体喷爆系统，对孔隙度不足以提供施撒物料填充空间的土壤可实现先喷爆产生孔隙后施撒物料的一体化作业，提高了装置的适应性；
6、高气压高气密性的物料施撒系统，可确保物料均匀定量的施入设定深度、设定幅度的土壤中，具有较高的效率和可靠性；
7、通过本发明提供的装置及其方法，可向任意深度的土层内部均匀施入定量的各类物料，替代了传统方式，大大提高了向土层深部 施入物料的作业效率，显著降低了向土层深部施入物料的成本，减少了人工劳动强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的一种用于在向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要指出的是，以下实施例仅仅用于对本发明进行解释和说明，并不用于限定本发明。本领域技术人员根据上述发明内容所做出的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，所述装置包括物料施撒枪1、位于物料施撒枪上部的入土装置3，以及与物料施撒枪1相连接的气体喷爆系统2和物料施入系统4，所述气体喷爆系统2和物料施入系统4并联地与物料施撒枪1相连接；
其中，所述物料施撒枪1内部中空；所述气体喷爆系统2包括高压气罐2-1和喷爆阀2-2，所述高压气罐2-1与喷爆阀2-2固定连接，所述喷爆阀2-2与物料施撒枪1连接；所述物料施入系统4包括依次相互连接的物料仓4-1、给料阀4-2、阀一4-3、物料发送仓4-4、阀二4-5和输料管4-6，所述输料管4-6与物料施撒枪1内部相连通。
将所述的物料施撒装置应用于农、林、草、园艺等浅层土壤的物 料施撒其实施方法包括如下步骤：
S1：土壤情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
农、林、草、园艺等土壤的修复改良涉及的物料施撒深度范围为0～1m，属于浅层土壤，为气液固三相体，其存在的问题主要为土壤板结、有机质缺失、营养元素缺失、重金属污染以及土壤酸化盐碱化等问题；
根据上述土壤的特性，需要施撒物料的主要类型为：复合肥料、有机肥、微生物菌剂(肥)、重金属固化剂/稳定剂、钝化剂、石灰、土壤调理剂等物质，单作业点的施撒量0.25～5kg；
根据上述土壤及物料特性，施撒装置的主要参数为：物料施撒枪1最大入土深度1m，通径10～50mm；气体喷爆系统2压力0.5～2.5MPa，高压气罐2-1体积5～30L；物料发送仓4-4体积1～10L，物料发送高压气体压力0.1～1.5MPa；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入一定深度(最大深度1m)的需要施撒物料的土层里；
S3：气体喷爆产生裂隙
将压缩气体充入所述高压气罐2-1中，通过喷爆阀2-2瞬间释放，气体通过物料施撒枪1进入土层中，产生冲击喷爆，在土层中形成裂隙。
S4：向土层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一4-3、关闭阀二4-5，通过给料阀4-2，将定量的物 料送入物料发送仓4-4中；然后关闭阀一4-3；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓4-4中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓4-4中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二4-5，高压气体携带物料通过输料管4-6和物料施撒枪1进入土层的原有空隙或S3气体喷爆产生的空隙中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
S5：循环S2～S4
在同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
通过将上述装置及其方法应用于浅层土壤的修复改良，可一次性的将定量的物料均匀的施撒入指定深度的土层中，避免了传统人工施撒、人工挖沟坑槽施撒、机械旋耕混合等方式存在的工序多、工艺复杂、均匀性差、施入量不准确以及劳动强度大、作业成本高等问题。
实施例2：
与实施例1一致，将所述的物料施撒装置用于场地土壤的修复改良其实施方法包括如下步骤：
S1：土壤情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
场地土壤修复改良涉及的物料施撒深度范围为1～30m范围内，该类型土壤及土层涉及的主要污染物有重金属、石油烃、半挥发性有机污染物、挥发性有机污染物、有机-金属类污染物以酸污染、碱污染等，也包括以此引起的地下水污染等；
根据上述土壤的特性，需要施撒物料的主要类型为：金属固化剂/稳定剂、固化剂、氧化剂、还原剂、生物制剂、活性炭等物质，单作业点/次的施撒量0.25～20kg；
根据上述土壤及物料特性，施撒装置的主要参数为：物料施撒枪1最大入土深度30m，通径30～200mm；气体喷爆系统2压力2～5MPa，高压气罐2-1体积20～200L；物料发送仓4-4体积5～30L，物料发送高压气体压力0.1～3MPa；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的土层里；可选用入土装置3将物料施撒枪1直接入土；或对拟作业点预先钻定深度的孔，然后通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入定深土层中；
S3：气体喷爆产生裂隙
将压缩气体充入所述高压气罐2-1中，通过喷爆阀2-2瞬间释放，气体通过物料施撒枪1进入土层中，产生冲击喷爆，在土层中形成裂隙。
S4：向土层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一4-3、关闭阀二4-5，通过给料阀4-2，将定量的物料送入物料发送仓4-4中；然后关闭阀一4-3；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓4-4中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓4-4中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二4-5，高压气体携带物料通过输料管4-6和物料施撒枪1进入土层的原有空隙或S3气体喷爆产生的空隙中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
S5：循环S3～S4
对于深度较深的土壤，在同一作业点，一次作业完成后，可将物 料施撒枪1提升1～3米，循环S3～S4，直至同一作业点的整个土层深度范围内均施撒完成物料；
S6：循环S2～S5
在同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
通过将上述装置及其方法应用于深层土壤的修复改良，可将定量的物料均匀的施撒入指定深度的土层中，避免了传统机械开挖、机械粉碎混合、机械搅拌等方式存在的工序多、工艺复杂、机械设备庞大、能耗高、均匀性差、施入量不准确以及作业周期长、作业成本高等问题。
实施例3：
与实施例1一致，将所述的物料施撒装置用于矿山修复其实施方法包括如下步骤：
S1：土壤情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
矿山修复涉及的是采矿活动所破坏的，未经治理而无法使用的土地；主要有废石堆、矿坑、尾矿废弃地、采矿辅助建筑物和道路占用产生的废弃地；该类型土壤及土层涉及的主要污染物有重金属、极端pH值、盐碱化、缺乏表层土等植物生根和伸展的介质、保水保肥能力差、氮磷钾等营养物质缺乏、有机质缺乏等；
根据上述土壤/土层的特性，需要施撒物料的主要类型为：固化剂/稳定剂；改善土壤理化特性的客土等填充物；改善土壤营养状况的有机肥、化学肥料、微生物肥料等；调节土壤pH值的调节剂等；该类型土壤/土层孔隙度很大，需要施撒填充的物料量较大；
根据上述土壤及物料特性，施撒装置的主要参数为：物料施撒枪1最大入土深度30m，通径30～200mm；物料发送仓4-4体积30L甚至更大，物料发送高压气体压力0.5～3MPa；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的土层里；可选用入土装置3将物料施撒枪1直接入土；或对拟作业点预先钻定深度的孔，然后通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入定深土层中；
S3：向土层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一4-3、关闭阀二4-5，通过给料阀4-2，将定量的物料送入物料发送仓4-4中；然后关闭阀一4-3；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓4-4中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓4-4中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二4-5，高压气体携带物料通过输料管4-6和物料施撒枪1进入土层的原有空隙中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
S4：循环S3
对于深度较深的土壤，在同一作业点，一次作业完成后，可将物料施撒枪1提升0.5～1米，循环S3～S4，直至同一作业点的整个土层深度范围内均施撒完成物料；
S5：循环S2～S4
在同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
通过将上述装置及其方法应用于矿山修复，可将定量的物料均匀 的施撒入指定深度的土层中，避免了传统人工搬运、机械挖土、机械粉碎混合、机械搅拌等方式存在的工序多、工艺复杂、机械设备庞大、能耗高、均匀性差、施入量不准确以及作业周期长、作业成本高等问题。
实施例4：
与实施例1一致，将所述的物料施撒装置用于污泥及渗坑处理其实施方法包括如下步骤：
S1：土壤情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
污泥及渗坑处理涉及的土壤/土层主要有河湖底泥、污泥塘、渗坑、滩涂淤泥、垃圾填埋场、生物堆、有机肥发酵堆、沼气发酵罐池等；
根据上述土壤的特性，需要施撒物料的主要类型为：固化剂/稳定剂、固化剂、氧化剂、还原剂、生物制剂、空气等物质；
根据上述土壤及物料特性，施撒装置的主要参数为：物料施撒枪1最大入土深度10m，通径30～200mm；物料发送仓4-4体积5～30L，物料发送高压气体压力0.1～3MPa；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的土层里；可选用入土装置3将物料施撒枪1直接入土；或对拟作业点预先钻定深度的孔，然后通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入定深土层中；
S3：向土层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一4-3、关闭阀二4-5，通过给料阀4-2，将定量的物料送入物料发送仓4-4中；然后关闭阀一4-3；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓4-4中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓4-4中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二4-5，高压气体携带物料通过输料管4-6和物料施撒枪1进入土层中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
S4：循环S2～S3
在同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
通过将上述装置及其方法应用于污泥及渗坑的处理，可将定量的物料均匀的施撒入指定深度的土层中，避免了传统机械搅拌等方式存在的机械设备庞大、能耗高、均匀性差、施入量不准确以及作业周期长、作业成本高等问题。
实施例5：
与实施例1一致，将所述的物料施撒装置用于沙漠治理其实施方法包括如下步骤：
S1：土壤情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
根据沙漠治理的特性，需要施撒物料的主要类型为：黏土、保水剂、秸秆粉末、有机肥、固定剂、生根粉等物质；
根据沙漠特性及物料特性，施撒装置的主要参数为：物料施撒枪1最大入土深度5m，通径30～100mm；物料发送仓4-4体积5～30L，物料发送高压气体压力0.1～5MPa；
S2：物料施撒枪入土
通过入土装置3将物料施撒枪1置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的沙层里；
S3：向沙层深部施撒物料
①打开阀一4-3、关闭阀二4-5，通过给料阀4-2，将定量的物料送入物料发送仓4-4中；然后关闭阀一4-3；
②启动旋转装置或喷入少量气体使物料发送仓4-4中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓4-4中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二4-5，高压气体携带物料通过输料管4-6和物料施撒枪1进入沙层中，实现沙层深部物料的施撒；
S4：循环S3
在同一作业点，一次作业完成后，可将物料施撒枪1提升0.5～1米，循环S3，直至同一作业点的整个沙层深度范围内均施撒完成物料；
S5：循环S2～S4
在同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤。
通过将上述装置及其方法应用于沙漠治理，可将定量的物料均匀的施撒入指定深度的沙层中，避免了传统机械搅拌等方式存在的机械设备庞大、能耗高、均匀性差、施入量不准确以及作业周期长、作业成本高等问题。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括物料施撒枪(1)、位于物料施撒枪(1)上部的入土装置(3)，以及分别与物料施撒枪(1)相连接的气体喷爆系统(2)和物料施入系统(4)，所述气体喷爆系统(2)和物料施入系统(4)相互并联式与物料施撒枪(1)相连接；
    其中，所述物料施撒枪(1)内部中空；所述气体喷爆系统(2)包括高压气罐(2-1)和喷爆阀(2-2)，所述的高压气罐(2-1)与所述的喷爆阀(2-2)固定连接；所述喷爆阀(2-2)与物料施撒枪(1)连接；所述物料施入系统(4)包括依次相互连接的物料仓(4-1)、给料阀(4-2)、阀一(4-3)、物料发送仓(4-4)、阀二(4-5)和输料管(4-6)；所述输料管(4-6)与所述物料施撒枪(1)内部相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，其特征在于，所述物料发送仓(4-4)设置有物料助流装置，用于将物料发送仓(4-4)内的物料初始流化，所述物料助流装置包括但不限于配置合适的机械式搅拌助流器或气流式喷吹装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，其特征在于，所述给料阀(4-2)为旋转式，其动力可以为电动、液压、气动或机械驱动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，其特征在于，所述入土装置(3)可选择冲击式、振动式或钻入式的入土方式，其动力包括电动、液压、气动或机械驱动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置，其特征在于，所述输料管(4-6)为软管，输料管的内管径大小为DN10～DN100。
  6. 一种基于权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于向土层深部施撒物料的气压并联式装置的实施方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1：土层情况分析、施撒装置及物料准备
    分析待作业的土层情况，了解其质地，确定需要施入土层的物料种类、成分比例、深度及施入量，并与施撒装置的参数匹配，选择合适的施撒装置；
    S2：物料施撒枪入土
    通过入土装置(3)将物料施撒枪(1)置入一定深度的需要施撒物料的土层里；
    S3：气体喷爆产生裂隙
    将一定压力和容积的气体充入高压气罐(2-1)中，打开喷爆阀(2-2)瞬间释放气体，气体通过物料施撒枪(1)进入土层中，产生冲击喷爆，在土层中形成裂隙，以便进一步向孔隙中填充物料；
    当且仅当土层中裂隙不足时才需进行S3；
    S4：向土层深部施撒物料
    ①打开阀一(4-3)、关闭阀二(4-5)，通过给料阀(4-2)，将一定量的物料送入物料发送仓(4-4)中；然后关闭阀一(4-3)；
    ②启动物料助流装置使物料发送仓(4-4)中的物料初始流化，然后向物料发送仓(4-4)中通入高压气体并同时打开阀二(4-5)， 高压气体携带物料通过输料管(4-6)和物料施撒枪(1)进入土层的原有空隙或S3气体喷爆产生的空隙中，实现土层深部物料的施撒；
    S5：循环S2～S4
    在同一作业点的不同深度或者同一作业区域的下一个作业点循环上述步骤，直至完成整个物料施撒作业。
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