Classifications

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  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
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  • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
  • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
  • A61K31/222—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin with compounds having aromatic groups, e.g. dipivefrine, ibopamine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
  • A61K31/25—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids with polyoxyalkylated alcohols, e.g. esters of polyethylene glycol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
  • A61K31/5575—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a cyclopentane, e.g. prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
  • A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
  • A61K38/13—Cyclosporins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/4953—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom containing pyrimidine ring derivatives, e.g. minoxidil
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
  • A61K2800/591—Mixtures of compounds not provided for by any of the codes A61K2800/592 - A61K2800/596

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to the use of certain prostaglandin analogues alone and in combination with other compounds such as cyclosporine, to prevent hair loss and/or grow hair.
• the present invention is also directed to formulations containing prostaglandin analogues and cyclosporine to grow hair or prevent hair loss on the scalp and other areas of the body.
• the present invention is also directed to formulations and methods for treating certain hair loss disorders such as androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.
• Hair loss is a psychologically devastating condition causing significant psychological stress in both men and women. Thirty percent of all males will experience some hair loss by the age of thirty years, fifty percent by the age of fifty years, and eighty percent by the age of seventy years. By age sixty, forty percent of women experience hair loss. Negative effects on quality of life due to hair loss have been reported by men and in particular adolescents and women.
• the anagen phase is the phase of active hair growth which last two to six years but generally lasts three to five years with scalp hair.
• the epithelial compartment of the hair follicle undergoes rapid proliferation, with the greatest proliferation in the bulb matrix cells and follicles assume bulb anagen morphology. In fact, it is possible to determine which phase a hair is in by studying the follicle bulb morphology.
• the catagen phase is a short transitional phase between the anagen phase and the telogen phases which lasts seven to fourteen days with scalp hair.
• the telogen phase is called the “resting phase” where hair growth ceases before the hair is eventually shed and generally lasts four to eight weeks and the dermal papilla fully separates from the hair follicle.
• a fourth stage which is either the end of the telogen phase or the beginning of the anagen phase, is the exogen phase where the old hair is shed.
• the anagen phase begins again with the dermal papilla moving back up to meet the hair follicle and new hair growth begins again where the new hair ejects the old hair.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine A and 1.0% - 15.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• composition of embodiment 1 wherein the composition has about 0.05% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and about 0.06% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine A and about 10% w/w, w/v, or v/v diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• composition of embodiment 2 further comprising oleyl alcohol.
• composition further comprising polyethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
• a composition for use in growing hair on a patient experiencing hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine A and 5.0% - 15.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v CAPTEX 300 EP/NF.
• composition of embodiment 5 wherein composition comprises 0.06% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and 0.08% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine A.
• composition of embodiment 6 further comprising 10% w/w, w/v, or v/v CAPTEX 300 EP/NF.
• composition for use in treating hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v travoprost or travoprost acid and 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine A.
• composition according to embodiment 8 further comprising one selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, CAPTEX 300 EP/NF, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
• composition according to embodiments 1, 5, 8 and 9 further comprising oleic acid.
• a method of preventing hair loss on a patient comprising administering a formulation according to one of embodiments 1, 5, 8 and 9 to a patient in need thereof.
• a method for causing hair growth in a patient suffering from hair loss comprising administering a formulation according to one of embodiments 1, 5, 8 and 9 to a patient in need thereof and the method downregulates T cell infiltrates in the area of the follicular bulb.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v bimatoprost and 0.05% - 0.1% cyclosporine A and 1.0% - 25.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• a composition for use in growing hair comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v bimatoprost and 0.05% - 0.1% cyclosporine A and 1.0% - 15.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss or to grow hair comprising about 0.05% - 0.5% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and 1.0% - 7.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 23 wherein the composition has about 0.1% or 0.3% w/w, w/v or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and about 5.0% w/w minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 23 further comprising one selected from the group consisting of oleyl alcohol, ethanol, oleic acid and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• composition of embodiment 23 wherein the composition has one selected from the group consisting of 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3% w/w, w/v, or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and one selected from the group consisting of 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0% and 7.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss or to grow hair comprising about 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v bimatoprost or bimatoprost acid and 1.0% - 5.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 27 wherein the composition has one selected from the one selected form the group consisting of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% w/w, w/v, or v/v bimatoprost and one selected from the group consisting of 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0% and 7.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil.
• composition of embodiment 27 further comprising oleyl alcohol, oleic acid or ethanol.
• composition of embodiment 27 further comprising propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss or to grow hair comprising about 0.05% - 0.5% w/w, w/v, or v/v travoprost or travoprost free acid and 1.0% - 7.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 31 wherein the composition has about 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v travoprost or travoprost free acid and about 5.0% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate and at least 5% w/w, w/v, or v/v diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• composition of embodiment 23, 27, 31 or 33 wherein the composition is a gel.
• composition of embodiment 39 wherein the gel comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid or carbodiimide and or mixtures thereof. : ⁇
• composition of embodiment 41 wherein the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is selected form the group consisting of low viscosity (90,000 Daltons), medium viscosity (250,000 Daltons) and high viscosity (700,000 Daltons) carboxymethyl cellulose and/or mixtures thereof.
• composition of embodiments 40 and 41 wherein the gel is applied to the eyebrows once or twice a day.
• a first composition comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate wherein the application of the composition to the skin results in a faster onset of hair growth as compared to either latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied as monotherapy to the skin and at the same concentration as in the first composition.
• composition of embodiment 44 wherein the first composition comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil are present at the same individual concentrations as latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil applied alone as monotherapies.
• composition of embodiments 44 or 45 wherein the composition is applied to one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, the skin beneath the eyebrows, upper eyelid margin, lower eyelid margin and the face.
• a first composition comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate wherein the application of the first composition to the skin results in greater hair growth as compared to either latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied to the skin alone as monotherapies at the same individual concentrations as they exist in the first composition.
• the first composition of embodiment 47 wherein the first composition comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the scalp, the skin beneath the eyebrows, upper eyelid margin, lower eyelid margin and the face results in hair growth resulting in one selected from the group consisting of longer hair than either latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil applied alone as monotherapies at the same concentration as they exist in the first composition.
• the first composition of embodiment 47 comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the skin results in greater individual hair diameter or circumference than either latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil applied alone to the skin at the same concentration as monotherapies.
• the first composition of embodiment 47 comprising latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the skin results in greater melanin concentration of individual hairs as compared to applying latanoprost or latanoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied alone to the skin at the same concentration as monotherapies.
• a first composition comprising travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the skin results in hair growth resulting in longer hair than either travoprost or travoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied alone wherein the concentration of travoprost or travoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate are at the same concentrations as compared to travoprost or travoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate monotherapies.
• the first composition of embodiment 51 comprising travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate wherein the application of the first composition to the skin results in greater hair growth as compared to either travoprost or travoprost acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied to the skin alone as monotherapies at the same individual concentration as they exist in the first composition.
• the first composition of embodiment 51 comprising travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the skin results in greater individual hair diameter or circumference as compared to either travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied alone to the skin as monotherapies at the same individual concentration as they exist in the first composition.
• the first composition of embodiment 47 comprising travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate when applied to the skin results in greater melanin concentration of individual hairs as compared to applying travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate applied alone to the skin at the same concentration as monotherapies.
• a method of stimulating hair growth on the scalp by applying to the scalp a composition selected from the group consisting of one of the embodilnents 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54.
• a method of stimulating hair growth on the scalp by applying to the scalp a composition selected from the group consisting of one of Formulations I - XXXX.
• a method for stimulating hair follicles to increase hair growth and one or more properties selected from the group consisting of individual hair length, individual hair diameter or circumference, individual hair darkness, melanin content of each individual hair, an increase of the ratio of terminal hair to velus hair per square inch of skin, and an increase of dark hair to grey hair in the area of application comprising the application to mammalian skin at the locale of hair follicles of an effective amount of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32, 39, 41 or 42 or Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method for stimulating hair follicles to increase hair growth and one or more properties selected from the group consisting of individual hair length, individual hair diameter or circumference, individual hair darkness, melanin content of each individual hair, increase the ratio of terminal hair to velus hair per square inch of skin, and an increase of dark hair to grey hair in the area of application comprising the application to mammalian skin at the locale of the follicles of an effective amount of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the Formulations I - XXXX.
• the method of embodiments 57 and 58 wherein the composition is applied to one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, the epidermis layer beneath the eyebrows, lower eyelid margin, upper eyelid margin and the face.
• a method for increasing the number of terminal hairs cn the skin by applying an effective amount on the skin or epidermis of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39, 41 or 42 or Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method for increasing the number of terminal hairs on the scalp by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39, 41, 42 and 54 or Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method of converting gray hair to darker hair by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin of a composition comprising one seleoted from the group consisting of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39, 41, 42iand 54 or Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method of converting gray hair to darker hair or increasing the melanin content in hair by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin in proximity to the hair follicles of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54 or one of the of one of the Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method of increasing the melanin content of individual hairs by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin in proximity to the hair follicles of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of ore of the embodiments 1 - 10 or
• a method of darkening individual hairs by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin in the area of skin with grey hair of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54 or one of Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method of increasing the diameter or circumference of individual hairs by applying an effective amount to mammalian skin in proximity to the hair follicle of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54 or one of Formulations I - XXXXX.
• a method of increasing the diameter, circumference or length of individual hairs by applying an effective amount to hair follicles of a composition comprising one selected from the group consisting of one of the of the embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54 or one of Formulations I — XXXXX.
• composition is applied to one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, the skin beneath the eyebrows, upper eyelid margin, lower eyelid margin and the face.
• a method of preventing hair loss in a patient undergoing chemotherapy comprising administering a formulation selected from the group consisting of formulation I - XXXX or embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 32 or 39 - 54 and applying the embodiment or formulation to one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, the epidermis layer beneath the eyebrows, the upper eyelid margin and lowsr eyelid margin or the face before, during or after chemotherapy.
• the method of embodiment 75 wherein the hair from the at least one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and face is more numerous as compared to the patient receiving no formulation.
• the method of embodiment 71 wherein the formulation is applied while the patient is receiving chemotherapeutic treatment.
• the method of embodiment 78 wherein the formulation is applied from one selected from the group consisting of three times a day, two times a day and once a day to at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and face.
• the method of embodiment 79 wherein the patient loses less hair selected from the group consisting of scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and face as compared to the patient applying no formulation.
• the method of embodiments 78 and 79 wherein the hair from the at least one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and face is longer, darker, more numerous and thicker as compared to the patient receiving no treatment.
• the method of embodiments 78 - 81 wherein the patient applies the formulation while receiving chemotherapeutic treatment.
• the method of paragraph 82 wherein the patient applies the formulation after the chemotherapeutic treatment is completed.
• the method of embodiment 83 wherein the patient applies formulation from one selected from the group consisting of one month, two months, three months, four months, five months, six months, seven months, eight months, nine months, ten months, eleven months, twelve months, thirteen months, fourteen months, fifteen months, sixteen months, seventeen months, eighteen months, nineteen months, twenty months, twenty- one months, twenty-two months, twenty-three months and twenty-four months after completion of chemotherapeutic treatment.
• the method of embodiment 84 wherein the hair from the at least one selected from the group consisting of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and face is longer, darker, more numerous and thicker as compared to the patient receiving no treatment after chemotherapeutic treatment.
• latanoprost or latanoprost acid is present in a concentration of about 0.1 - 0.3% w/v, w/w or v/v and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate is present in a concentration of one selected from the group consisting of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% w/v, w/w or v/v.
• embodiments 88 - 93 wherein the hair loss is at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair.
• embodiments 103 - 108 wherein the hair loss is at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair. 10. Use of travoprost or travoprost free acid and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate in combination for growing hair in a patient. 1 l. The use of embodiment 110 wherein the patient is suffering from hair loss. 12.
• embodiment 111 wherein travoprost or travoprost free acid is present in a concentration of about 0.08 - 0.5% w/v, w/w or v/v and minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate is present in a concentration of about 2% - 8% w/v, w/w or v/v.
• embodiments 103 - 108 wherein the hair loss is at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair.
• embodiments 119 - 123 wherein the hair loss is at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair.
• embodiments 126 - 131 wherein the hair loss is at least one selected from the group consisting of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.5 % w/v, w/w or v/v of one selected from the group consisting of latanoprost and latanoprost acid and 1% - 8% w/v, w/w or v/v minoxidil.
• the composition of embodiment 133 wherein the composition has about 0.3% w/v, w/w or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and about 5% w/v, w/w or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 133 wherein the composition has about 0.07% w/v, w/w or v/v latanoprost or latanoprost acid and about 4 - 6% w/v, w/w or v/v minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate.
• composition of embodiment 133 further comprising oleyl alcohol or ethanol.
• composition of embodiment 136 further comprising propylene glycol.
• composition of embodiment 133 wherein the hair lpss is due to androgenetic alopecia is due to androgenetic alopecia.
• composition of embodiment 137 wherein the hair loss is due to alopecia areata.
• composition of embodiment 137 further comprising acetic acid one selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 60 and polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol.
• composition of embodiment 134 further comprising acetic acid one selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 60 and polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol.
• composition of embodiment 137 further comprising ethanol and at least one selected form the group consisting of propylene glycol and polysorbate 80.
• composition of embodiment 143 wherein the composition further comprises oleyl alcohol.
• composition of embodiment 144 further comprising diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• composition of embodiment 134 further comprising ethanol, propylene glycol, water and at least one selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, oleyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol.
• composition of embodiment 135 wherein the composition comprises ethanol, propylene glycol, polysorbate, water and at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid and oleyl alcohol.
• composition of embodiment 147 wherein the composition comprises acetic acid from about 0.1 - 0.5% w/v, w/w or v/v. 149.
• composition of embodiment 147 wherein the composition comprises propylene glycol from about 5% - 60% w/v, w/w or v/v.
• composition of embodiment 133 wherein the composition comprises ethanol, propylene glycol, polysorbate, water and at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid and oleyl alcohol.
• a method of growing hair comprising administering the formulation of embodiment 135 to the skin wherein the formulation causes hair in the telogen phase area of application to the scalp to enter the anagen phase sooner than areas of the scalp not receiving formulation.
• a method of enhancing nail growth or treating brittle nail syndrome in a patient suffering therefrom comprising administering to the patient a formulation selected from embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 31 or 35 - 54 and Formulations I - XXXXX topically applied to the fingernails or cuticles of a patient at least once a day.
• a method of stimulating melanogenesis in melanocytes in cells in and around or in close proximity to the hair follicle while simultaneously causing hair growth by administering one of embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 31 or 35 - 54 or one of Formulations I - XXXXX to hair follicles wherein the melanocytes will enter into melanogenesis at a faster onset as compared to none of the embodiments or Formulations being applied to the hair follicle.
• a method of hair growth wherein applying one selected from the group of embodiments 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24 - 26, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 88 - 93, 95, 97- 101 results in new hair growth which is darker as compared to no formulation being applied.
• a method of stimulating keratogenesis in keratinocytes in cells in and around or in close proximity to the hair follicle while simultaneously causing hair growth by administering one of embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 31 or 35 - 54 or one of Formulations I - XXXXX to hair follicles wherein the keratinocytes will enter into keratogenesis at a faster onset and/or a longer duration as compared to none of the embodiments or Formulations being applied.
• a method of hair growth wherein applying one selected from the group of embodiments 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24 - 26, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 88 - 93, 95, 97- 101 results in new hair growth which is one selected from the group consisting of thicker, longer, greater in diameter and greater in circumference as compared to no formulation being applied.
• a method of increasing hair growth by applying one of embodiments 1 - 10 or 21 - 31 or 35 - 54 or one of Formulations I - XXXXX to hair follicles and applying infrared radiation to the hair follicles.
• a composition comprising tafluprost and minoxidil.
• a composition for use in the treatment of hair loss comprising about 0.05% - 0.3% w/w, w/v, or v/v tafluprost and 1% - 5% w/w, w/v, or v/v minoxidil.
• composition of embodiments 169 and 170 the composition further comprising polyethylene glycol or propylene glycol and ethanol.
• composition of embodiments 169, 170 and 171 further comprising 0.1% w/v tafluprost and 5 % w/v minoxidil.
• a composition for use in treating hair loss comprising tafluprost and finasteride.
• composition of embodiment 173 comprising 0.05% w/v - 0.3% w/v tafluprost and 0.05% w/v - 0.3% w/v finasteride.
• a composition for use in treating hair loss comprising tafluprost and cyclosporine.
• the composition of embodiment of claim 175 comprising 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v tafluprost and 0.05% - 0.1% w/w, w/v, or v/v cyclosporine.
• composition of embodiment 176 wherein the cyclosporine is cyclosporine A.
• Fig. 1 is a description of the anatomy of a hair follicle including the surrounding tissue;
• Fig. 2 is a description of the various phases of hair growth
• Fig. 3 is the proposed mechanism of action of one of the formulations of the invention.
• Figure 4 shows hair growth on a 46 year old female patient applying Formulation XX followed by Formulation XVIII;
• Figure 5 shows hair growth on a 53 year old male patient applying Formulation XX followed by Formulation XVIII.
• Prostaglandin analogs of the present invention include latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, uenoprost isopropyl ester, the free acids of those compounds and other prostaglandin analogues known in the literature.
• Compounds of the present invention may be represented generally by the formula I: wherein the dashed bonds represent a single or double bond which can be in the cis or trans configuration, A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical having from two to six carbon atoms, which radical may be interrupted by one or more oxide radicals and substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy or akylcarboxy groups wherein said alkyl radical comprises from one to six carbon atoms;
• B is a cycloalkyl radical having from three to seven carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, or perfluoromethyl, or an aryl radical, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl aryl and heteroaryl radicals having from four to ten carbon atoms wherein a heteroatom may be selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, halogen atoms, e.g. fluorine, lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen, and sulfur atoms;
• X is a radical selected from the group consisting of -O(R 4 ) and -N(R 4 ) 2 wherein R 4 may be the same or different and is independently selected from the. group consisting of hydrogen, - CH 3 , a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms optionally substituted with H or - CH 3 , R 5 -C- or R 5 -0-C-- wherein R 5 is a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms;
• Compounds of the present invention may also be represented by the following general formula II: wherein the dashed bonds represent a single or double bond which can be in the cis or trans configuration, wherein y is 0 or 1 , x is 0 or 1 and x and y are not both 1 , Y is a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen, e.g.
• n is 1 or 2.
• Compounds of the present invention may also be represented by the general Formula (IV): Or represented by the general Formula V:
• the dotted lines on bonds between carbons 5 and 6 (C-5), between carbons 13 and 14 (C-13), between carbons 8 and 12 (C-8), and between carbons 10 and 11 (C-10) indicate a single or a double bond which can be in the cis or trans configuration. If two solid lines are used that indicates a specific configuration for that double bond. Hatched lines at positions C-9, C-l 1 and C-15 indicate the a configuration. If one were to draw the b configuration, a solid triangular line would be used.
• n is 1 or 2.
• X is a radical selected from the group consisting of -O(R 4 ) and -N(R 4 ) 2 wherein R 4 may be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, - CH 3 , a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms optionally substituted with H or - CH 3 , R 5 -C- or R 5 -0-C-- wherein R 5 is a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms;
• alkyl refers to alkyl groups having from one to ten carbon atoms
• cycloalkyl refers to cycloalkyl groups having from three to seven carbon atoms
• aryl refers to aryl groups having from four to ten carbon atoms.
• saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon group is used to refer to straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having from one to about 6, preferably one to about 4 carbon atoms.
• Such groups include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups of appropriate lengths, and preferably are alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl, or an isomeric form thereof.
• R.6 may include a cyclic component. -(CH2) m R 7, wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10, R 7 is an aliphatic ring from about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring.
• the "aliphatic ring" may be saturated or unsaturated, and preferably is a saturated ring having 3-7 carbon atoms, inclusive.
• R 7 preferably is phenyl, and the heteroaromatic rings have oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur as a heteroatom, i.e. R 7 may be thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, etc.
• m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4.
• Z O or represents two hydrogen atoms.
• X may be selected from the group consisting of -O(R 4 ) and -N(R 4 )2 wherein R 4 may be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CH 3 , a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms optionally substituted with H or -CH 3 ,
• R s wherein R 5 is a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms.
• Latanoprost has the following structure:
• Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analogue and is in fact a prodrug with its acid form (Latanoprost acid) being biologically active:
• Latanoprost is an isopropyl ester, and is a prodrug which converts to latanoprost free acid by r[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid.
• the free acid form of latanoprost is two-hundred times more potent than latanoprost as an FP receptor ligand for the human recombinant FP receptor.
• Latanoprost free acid is a potent FP receptor agonist with an EC50 of 3.6 nM for human FP receptors, which is twice the potency of PGF 2a .
• latanoprost which may be used in the present invention include 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost- d4, latanoprost lactol and latanoprost ethyl amide-d4.
• Latanoprost is a molecule that is poorly dissolved in water but is generally fat soluble. Latanoprost is more fat soluble than bimatoprost. If an organic solvent- free solution of latanoprost is needed, it can be prepared by evaporating the methyl acetate and directly dissolving the neat oil in aqueous buffers. The solubility of latanoprost in PBS (pH 7.2) is approximately 50 mg/mL. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, latanoprost should first be dissolved in ethanol or propylene glycol and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice.
• Latanoprost has a solubility of 400 mg/mL in a 1:4 solution of ethanol :PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. In acidic or basic aqueous solutions, latanoprost is stable for no more than 48 hours and in neutral aqueous solutions it has shown to be stable for up to one month at room temperature. Latanoprost is the isopropyl ester of 17-pheny 1-13, 14-dihydro prostaglandin F2a (17-phenyl- 13,14-dihydro PGF2a).
• latanoprost can be dissolved in a suitable dissolving agent such as alcohol (propylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol) and other co-solvent such as some aromatic and polyhydric alcohols (cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-oleate, POE stearate, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol, 1 -3butylene glycol, glycerol).
• a suitable dissolving agent such as alcohol (propylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol) and other co-solvent such as some aromatic and polyhydric alcohols (cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-oleate, POE stearate, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol, 1 -3butylene glycol, glycerol).
• Latanoprost including 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention in the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, %, 0.11%. 0.12%.
• Latanoprost including 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with other prostaglandin analogs.
• Latanoprost including 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with topical minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate or topical or oral finasteride.
• Latanoprost including 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with cyclosporine formulas I, II and III.
• Travoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin F analogue and isopropyl ester of the biologically active free acid . Its chemical name is [1R [1a(Z),2b(lE,3R*),3a,5a]]-7-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3- hydroxy-4-[3 (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-l-butenyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid, 1- methylethylester. It has a molecular formula of C 26 H 35 F 3 0 6 and a molecular weight of 500.55:
• Travoprost free acid has the following structure: Travoprost and travoprost free acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention in the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, %, 0.11%. 0.12%.
• Travoprost and travoprost free acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with other prostaglandin analogs or other hair growth compounds.
• Travoprost and travoprost free acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with topical minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate or topical or oral finasteride.
• Travoprost and travoprost free acid may be combined with cyclosporine formulas I, II or III.
• Uenoprostone isopropyl ester is a prodrug which converts to uenoprostone free acid which has the following structure: Uenoprostone isopropyl ester and uenoprostone free acid while efficacious at lowering intraocular pressure, have been shown to cause no hair growth and in fact may inhibit hair growth (McCarey B. E., Kapik B. M, Kane F. E. [2004]). Low incidence of iris pigmentation and eyelash changes in two randomized clinical trials was reported with uenoprostone isopropyl
• Bimatoprost is a prostamide from a group of biological lipids, which are related to prostaglandins, but contain a terminal ethanolamide group and which target different receptors that prostaglandin analogues such as latanoprost or travoprost.
• bimatoprost is not considered to be a prostaglandin analog but is a prostamide.
• Bimatoprost may be represented by the following formula:
• Bimatoprost is not a prodrug and is not converted into another compound or in only small amounts (under 5%) are believed converted into bimatoprost free acid.
• Bimatoprost differs from the other compounds in that it is an amide:
• bimatoprost is believed to exert its biological activity as a hair growth agent as an ethyl amide and not as a free acid. This is in contrast to latanoprost and travoprost which are prodrugs and exert their physiological effects on different receptors than bimatoprost which illustrates the lack of predictability of bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost and uenoprostone isopropyl ester in their use in stimulating hair growth. Bimatoprost and latanoprost have significantly differing solubilities and pharmacological properties.
• Bimatoprost salt forms include a tromethamine salt form.
• LUMIGAN® 0.03% w/v a topical solution for lowering elevated intraocular pressure and treating glaucoma, the first approved use of bimatoprost
• XALATAN® a topical solution for lowering elevated intraocular pressure and treating glaucoma, the first approved use of latanoprost
• prostamides such as bimatoprost involve mechanisms different from prostanoid FP receptor-mediated responses with ligands such as latanoprost and travoprost.
• the effect of bimatoprost in monkeys with elevated intraocular pressure model of glaucoma has been shown to be additive to that of latanoprost (“Additivity of Bimatoprost or Travoprost to Latanoprost in Glaucomatous Monkey Eyes”, Gagliuso et al., 2004). Pharmacological distinctions between latanoprost and bimatoprost have been demonstrated.
• Bimatoprost and bimatoprost free acid may be present in the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, .0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, %, 0.11%. 0.12%.
• Bimatoprost and bimatoprost free acid may be present in the formulations of the present invention alone or in combination with other prostaglandin analogs.
• Bimatoprost may be combined with topical minoxidil or minoxidil sulphate or with topical or oral finasteride and may be combined with cyclosporine I, II or III.
• Cyclosporine occurs naturally and was isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum in 1971. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant and is used in Crohn’s disease, nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, in organ transplants to prevent rejection and treatment of dry eye disease. Cyclosporines are a group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with known immunosuppressant activity. Cyclosporine A, along with several other minor metabolites, as well as cyclosporine B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z, have been identified.
• cyclosporines may contain a mixture of several individual cyclosporines which all share a cyclic peptide structure consisting of eleven amino acid residues with a total molecular weight of about 1 ,200 Daltons, but with different substituents or configurations of some of the amino acids.
• cyclosporine component as used herein is intended to include any individual member of the cyclosporine group, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, analogs thereof and mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of two or more individual cyclosporines salts thereof, derivatives thereof, analogs thereof and mixtures thereof.
• Particularly preferred cyclosporine components include, without limitation, cyclosporine A, derivatives of cyclosporine A, salts of cyclosporine A and the like and mixtures thereof. Cyclosporine A is an especially useful cyclosporine component.
• cyclosporine A The chemical structure for cyclosporine A is represented by Formula 1 : Formula I
• derivatives of a cyclosporine refer to compounds having structures sufficiently similar to the cyclosporine so as to function in a manner substantially similar to or substantially identical to the cyclosporine, for example, cyclosporine A, in the present compositions and methods.
• cyclosporine A derivatives include those selected from ((R)-methylthio-Sar) 3 -(4'-hydroxy-MeLeu) cyclosporine A, ((R)-(Cyclo)alkylthio-Sar) 3 -(4'-hydroxy-MeLeu) 4 -cyclosporine A, and ((R)-(Cyclo)alkylthio- Sar) 3 -cyclosporine A derivatives described below.
• These cyclosporine derivatives are represented by the following general formulas (II) and (III), respectively:
• Me is methyl; Aik is 2-6C alkylene or 3-6C cycloalkylene; R is OH, COOH, alkoxycarbonyl, -NR1R 2 or N(R3) — (CH2) — NR1R 2 ; wherein R I ,R 2 is H, alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted by halo, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino), benzyl or saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyh having 5 or 6 members and 1-3 heteroatoms; or NR1R 2 is a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle which may contain a further N, O or S heteroatom and may be alkylated; R3 is H or alkyl and n is 2-4; and the alkyl moieties contain 1 - 4C.
• compositions and methods may be practiced employing any suitable compositions or combinations of compositions including therapeutically effective amounts of cyclosporine component in conjunction with bimatoprost, atanoprost, latanoprost acid and travoprost and travoprost free acid useful to promote hair growth.
• the cyclosporine component is present in an amount and/or concentration effective enough to provide the desired therapeutic effect when the cyclosporine-containing composition is administered to a human or animal in accordance with the present invention. Mixtures of cyclosporine components are contemplated.
• the cyclosporine component advantageously is present in the compositions in amounts ranging from about 0.01-0.05% w/v,- 0.05 - 0.1% w/v, 0.1% to about 0.5% w/v, 0.5% - 5% w/v, 5% - 15% w/v, and 15% or about 20% or 25% w/v of the composition.
• the cyclosporine component is present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% or about 10% or about 15% by weight of the composition.
• Cyclosporine may be present in the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, .0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 8.0 %, 9.0 %, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24% and 25 % w/w, w/v or v/v.
• Cyclosporine both topical and oral, in all its various forms may be present in combination with bimatoprost, latanoprost, latanoprost acid, travoprost, travoprost free acid, minoxidil, minoxidil sulphate and oral or topical finasteride.
• Minoxidil is believed to open adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels and vasodilates blood vessels allowing more nutrients, blood and oxygen into the follicles.
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• stem cells located in the bulge region differentiate and re-enter anagen phase.
• anagen phase is shortened in duration.
• Minoxidil increases the amount of intracellular Ca2+, which may upregulate the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, independent of its role in ATP synthesis, and promotes stem cell differentiation.
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• minoxidil induced Ca2+ influx can increase stem cell differentiation and may be a factor in the mechanism by which minoxidil facilitates hair growth (Mechanism of Action of Minoxidil in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia %), A. Gren et al., J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 31(4): 1049- 1053 (2017).
• Minoxidil is a prodrug which converts to minoxidil sulphate by the sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1.
• Minoxidil can be combined with bimatoprost, latanoprost, 15-keto latanoprost, 15(S)-latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid, travoprost and travoprost free acid which in theory causes entry into the anagen phase more quickly and lengthens the anagen phase.
• Minoxidil can also be combined with cyclosporine. Minoxidil can be combined with those compounds at the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, .0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%,
• Finasteride (C 23 H 36 N 2 O2), also known as (1S,3aS,3bS,5aR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-N-tert-butyl-9a,11a- dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,6,9b,10,11-dodecahydroindeno[5,4-f]quinoline-1- carboxamide, is a 5a-reductase inhibitor originally used to treat enlarged prostates in males.
• Oral finasteride works by decreasing the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70%, including in the prostate gland and the scalp. There have been some reports of success in growing scalp hair using topical finasteride.
• Finasteride can be combined with the prostaglandin analogs of the present invention including bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost and their analogs.
• Finasteride can be combined with bimatoprost, latanoprost, 15-kcto latanoprost, 15(S)- latanoprost, 5-trans latanoprost, latanoprost-d4, latanoprost lactol, latanoprost ethyl amide-d4 and latanoprost acid, travoprost and travoprost acid which in theory causes entry into anagen phase more quickly and lengthens anagen phase.
• Finasteride can be combined with minoxidil, minoxidil sulphate or cyclosporine.
• Finasteride can be combined with those compounds at the following concentrations: 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, Q.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, .0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, %, 0.11%.
• aerosol foam is a product, which includes a liquid foamable composition and a propellant liquid, filled into a pressurized container that is equipped with a valve system and nozzle at the top of the container, and a dip tube that runs from the valve system to the bottom of the container.
• a valve system and nozzle at the top of the container
• a dip tube that runs from the valve system to the bottom of the container.
• an “effective amount” of a compound is an amount sufficient to contribute to the treatment, prevention, or reduction of a symptom or symptoms of a disease. Where recited in reference to a disease treatment, an “effective amount” may also be referred to as a “therapeutically effective amount.”
• a “reduction” of a symptom or symptoms means decreasing of the severity or frequency of the symptom(s), or elimination of the symptom(s).
• a “prophylactically effective amount” of a drug or formulation is an amount of a drug or formulation that, when administered to a subject, will have the intended prophylactic effect, e.g., preventing or delaying the onset (or reoccurrence) a disease, disorder or condition, or reducing the likelihood of the onset (o.t reoccurrence) of a disease, disorder or condition or symptoms thereof.
• the full prophylactic effect does not necessarily occur by administration of one dose, and may occur only after administration of a series of doses.
• a prophylactically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations.
• Embodision refers in the customary sense to a mixture of two or more immiscible liquid components, one component (e.g., a therapeutic lipid described herein or mixture thereof including surfactant) being dispersed through the other component (e.g., the aqueous component of a composition described herein).
• component e.g., a therapeutic lipid described herein or mixture thereof including surfactant
• sub-micron emulsion refers to an emulsion containing components having an extent in the longest dimension of less than about 1 micron.
• “Growing hair” or “grow hair” refers to causing hair growth to increase as compared to the rate of hair growth without applying the drugs and/or formulations of the present invention.
• “Hairs” may be vellus hairs which are fine, thin, non-pigmented short hairs in which the hair bulb is located superficially in the dermis. Intermediate hairs that are in a growth stage between vellus (“baby” or immature) hair, such as on your face, and mature hair stage of growth such as the hair on the scalp. Terminal hairs are coarse, pigmented, long hairs in which the bulb of the hair follicle is seated deep in the dermis. As alopecia progresses, a transition takes place in the area of approaching baldness wherein the hairs themselves are changing from the terminal to the vellus type.
• “Hair loss” may refer to alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, male pattern hair loss, female pattern hair loss, telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium, tinea capitis, cicatricial alopecia, lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, folliculitis decaivans, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, hair shaft abnormalities, involutional alopecia, androgenic alopfecia, trichotillomania, hair loss due to chemotherapy, hair loss due to infectious agents, trichorrhexis nodosa and senescent alopecia.
• “Locale of hair follicles” means an area of skin (scalp, brow, eyelid margins, face, etc.) containing hair follicles.
• Non-aerosol, non-spray foam is a product, which comprises a foamable liquid composition, which is filled into a non-pressurized container that is equipped with a mechanical pump, an air chamber, a mixing chamber, a foam forming screen mesh, and a dip tube that runs from the mechanical pump to the bottom of the container.
• the mechanical pump When the mechanical pump is actuated, the foamable liquid composition is forced up the dip tube into the mixing chamber where it is comingled with air from the air chamber, at a predetermined ratio to form foam. It is the actuation of the pump that pressurizes and causes the turbulent comingling of the air and the liquid foamable composition to form air bubbles in the foamable liquid composition creating foam.
• the foam is then homogenized into fine uniform bubbles when it passes through the screen mesh before being dispensed out through the nozzle. Therefore, it is a non-propellant method of propelling the liquid product out of the container in the form of foam.
• a major difference in the continuous state of the containers is that in an aerosol foam container the propellant fluid (typically compressed gas or liquefied gas) is pumped into the container under high pressure after the container is sealed and is maintained continuously in pressurized state, whereas in stark contrast in the container of the non-aerosol, non-spray foam, the air inside the container is constantly under atmospheric pressure.
• a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means a carrier or an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier or an excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
• “A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier/excipient” as used in the specification and claims includes both one and more than one such excipient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts is meant to include salts of the active compounds which are prepared with relatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein.
• base addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic amino, or magnesium salt, or a similar salt.
• acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, mcnohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, maleic, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, lactic, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, oxalic, methanesulfonic, and the like.
• inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, mcnohydrogensulfur
• salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galactunoric acids and the like. See e.g., Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19). Additional information on suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, which is incorporated herein by reference. Certain specific compounds of the present invention contain both basic and acidic functionalities that allow the compounds to be converted into either base or acid addition salts.
• Preventing hair loss means slowing down or preventing hair loss that would occur as compared to if a formulation of the present invention was not applied.
• the methods and compositions of the present invention of the present invention can be used to prevent hair loss, to treat hair loss, to treat or thicken thinning hair, loss of eyebrows, loss of eyelashes or facial hair, and can be used to treat all types of alopecia, convert vellus hair to terminal hair or increase melanin content in hair by turning the hair darker or increasing, the ratio of dark hair to grey hair on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes or facial hair.
• prodrug is used according to its plain ordinary meaning and is intended to mean compounds that require a chemical or enzymatic transformation in order to release the active parent drug in vivo prior to producing a pharmacological effect.
• soluble refers the ability of the solvent to dissolve an amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient that is relevant for its pharmacological effect.
• solvent and “solvent system” define one component of the formulation, the liquid or semi-solid phase that contains the API.
• stable and “stability” are used here in relation to the shelf-life of a pharmaceutical product, and are related to the physical change, degradation or chemical decomposition of active pharmaceutical ingredients or formulation, which limits the shelf-life of a product.
• “Synergism” between two drugs can occur when the two drugs interact in a manner that enhance or magnify one or more effects, or with two different mechanisms of actions which when combined result in a greater therapeutic affect or efficacy than either drug applied alone or the two drugs serially, or avoid or lower unwanted side effects when the drugs are provided as monotherapies, of those drugs.
• Negative effects of synergy are a form of contraindication such as when more than one depressant drug is used that affects the central nervous system (CNS), an example being alcohol and Valium.
• CNS central nervous system
• “Synergism” has also been noted in describing how complex systems operate. For example, biological systems may react in a non-linear way to perturbations, so that the outcome may be greater than the sum of the individual component alterations.
• synergism means that the combination of the two active drugs, utilized in the methods and compositions of the invention achieves a result, e.g. stimulating the growth of hair such as scalp hair, eyebrows or eyelashes, in a mammal, e.g. a human, that is greater than the result achieved when the active drugs are utilized, alone as monotherapies, under the same conditions.
• a result e.g. stimulating the growth of hair such as scalp hair, eyebrows or eyelashes
• a mammal e.g. a human
• topical in the context of methods described herein relates in the customary sense to the administration of a compound or pharmaceutical composition which is incorporated into a suitable pharmaceutical carrier and administered at a topical treatment site of a subject.
• topical pharmaceutical composition includes those pharmaceutical forms in which the compound is administered externally by direct contact with a topical treatment site, e.g., the skin, scalp, brow, eyelid margins, face.
• topical epidermal pharmaceutical composition refers to a pharmaceutical composition suitable for administering directed to the epidermal layer of the skin, e.g., the palpebra, the supercilium, the scalp, or the body.
• topically administering refers to administering externally by direct contact with a topical treatment site.
• topical epidermal administering refers to administering externally by direct contact with the epidermis.
• treat may refer to any indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration of an injury, pathology or condition, including any objective or subjective parameter such as abatement; remission; diminishing of symptoms or making the injury, pathology or condition more tolerable to the patient; slowing in the rate of degeneration or decline; making the final point of degeneration less debilitating; improving a patient’s physical or mental well-being.
• the treatment or amelioration of symptoms can be based on objective or subjective parameters; including the results of a physical examination, neuropsychiatric exams, and/or computerized imaging systems. For example, the certain methods presented herein successfully treat hair loss by decreasing the incidence of hair loss, in inhibiting its symptoms and or cause and causing new hair growth.
• Orifices of hair follicles occupy only about 0.1% of the total skin surface area of humans, while hair follicles can occupy as much as 10% of the total surface area on the human scalp (Schaefer, H., et. al. (1990) “Follicular penetration” (pgs. 163 - 173)(1990).
• follicular openings lead to epithelial surfaces that do not have the protective stratum corneum of surface skin. Consequently, hair follicles and sebaceous glands contribute significantly to transdermal drug delivery.
• hydrophilic drugs can penetrate with high flux and usually through the intrafollicular routes, along the junction of the internal and external route sheath, and rapid diffusion into the dermis by the outer route sheath.
• the penetration routes of lipophilic drugs is probably along the junction of internal and external root sheath. Release of sebum by sebaceous glands associated with the hair follicle forms a lipoidal pathway for lipophilic materials in the follicles (Ebling et al., 1991).
• a penetration route for lipophilic permeants is the trans epidermal pathway.
• the penetration through the stratum corneum of scalp skin is also an important pathway but some drugs may use the trans follicular route.
• Sebum located in the follicles also plays an important role in drug penetration in the outer root sheath.
• Human hair follicles can vary in diameter from 5 um to 80 um, which can affect trans-follicular penetration.
• Certain penetration enhancers and solvents help fluidize lipids, in intercellular channels of the stratum corneum.
• Penetration of permeants and drugs through the scalp skin is believed to be related to the rapid permeation into the hair follicles and the.rapid diffusion through the outer root sheath, into the dermis, whereas the trans epidermal permeation of drugs is largely via the microchannels.
• Hydrophilic drugs also rapidly diffused into the dermis via the outer root sheath, but permeation of hydrophilic drugs via the upper dermis may be rate-limiting step and relatively slow.
• Human scalp anagen hair follicles are believed to express the genes and protein for prostanoid receptors in the dermal papillae and the CTS surrounding the hair bulb, but not in the epithelial keratinocytes or the melanocytes of the hair bulb.
• Ope theory is that some prostaglandin analogues bind to specific receptors on the plasrpa membrane of cells in the regulatory dermal papilla in the hair bulb, which probably stimulates intracellular signaling pathways, resulting in hair growth and the lessening of hair loss.
• prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost may increase the number of hairs in the anagen phase by shifting hairs from the resting telogen phase to the anagen phase, shortening the time to begin the anagen phase and lengthening the anagen phase, which causes hair to grow longer.
• the anagen phase is reduced in duration and follicles spend more time in the telogen phase as compared to patients not suffering from androgenetic alopecia.
• Latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost may also stimulate melanogenesis in melanocytes and keratogenesis found in the dermal papilla which results in darker hair, with more melanin expressed in the individual hair and also increases the individual hair diameter and the size of the dermal papilla, which in turn results in an increase in number of hairs which are longer, darker and thicker than hairs would be if not being treated with latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost.
• bimatoprost may induce certain signals in the dermal papilla which accounts for its use in growing eyelashes
• bimatoprost which is a prostamide
• Keratinocyte cells are found in the outermost layer of the skin known as the epidermis. Keratinocyte cells are also found in the basal layer of skin. Keratinocyte cells make up about 95% of the epidermis. Keratinocytes undergo keratinization and form the superficial layer of skin. These superficial keratinized cells are continuously replaced by cells derived from mitotic cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis which is the basal layer. The cells in the basal layer are sometimes called basal keratinocytes or basal cells.
• the epidermis is about 0.2 mm thick.
• keratinocytes are arranged in four different layers known as the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.
• Melanocytes located in the basal layer do not undergo keratinization but produce melanin.
• Melanin accumulates in small granules known as melanosomes which are transported to dendrites and then transferred to keratinocytes.
• Keratinocytes and melanocytes are located in hair follicles along with dermal fibroblasts. Homeostasis of the epidermis and hair follicle is primarily regulated by the cellular interaction between keratinocytes and melanocytes.
• Keratinocytes stimulate melanocyte functions such as melanogenesis, proliferation, differentiation and dendritogenesis through paracrine signaling from cell to cell. Hirobe, “Keratinocytes Regulate the Function of Melanocytes” Dermatolgica Sinica. Vol. 32, pgs. 200 - 204 (2014). It is theorized that prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost or travoprost may act on keratinocytes, which make hair, and melanocytes which produce pigment. It is possible that prostaglandin analogs act directly upon keratinocytes to make individual hairs thicker in diameter and melanocytes to make hair the hair darker or rather, the normal hair color of the individual user.
• Loss of eyebrow hair also known as madarosis, is characterized by a lack of growth or loss of eyebrow hair. Loss of eyebrow hair can have cosmetic, functional, and social/psychological consequences. According to the research, the diameter of scalp hair is normally thicker than eyebrow hair in Asian patients, while the reverse is true in Caucasian patients (Gandelman M. A Technique for Reconstruction of Eyebrows and Eyelashes. Semin Plast Sure. 19:153-8 (2005)). Eyebrow hair is generally less dense laterally than medially which results in hair loss in the eyebrows and brings more noticeable in the lateral portion. Eyebrows can be roughly divided into three areas. The medial third is usually below the orbital margin with the hairs in this region oriented vertically. The middle third lies along the orbital margin with hairs oriented obliquely or horizontally. The lateral third usually lies above the orbital margin.
• Madarosis of the eyebrows can be caused by disease such as dermatological diseases, endocrinopathy, such as thyroid disease and due to psychological disorders such as trichotillomania and chemotherapy. Heredity can also play a factor in conditions such as congenital aplasia. Madarosis of the eyebrows can by physical trauma such as bums, complications with cosmetic procedures such tattooing and complications from implantation.
• Eyelashes serve a functional and protective mechanism by protecting the eye by keeping foreign particles and objects from entering the eye. Long eyelashes are considered generally to be more attractive than short eyelashes across most cultures. The nervous system surrounding the eye is more easily excited to protect the eyes in most mammals. Loss of eyelashes is known as hypotrichosis of the eyelashes which includes idiopathic hypotrichosis, chemotherapy induced hypotrichosis, alopecia areata and hypothyroidism. Eyelash length is largely proportional to age with younger people having longer eyelashes and older people having shorter eyelashes. Current treatment for hypotrichosis of the eyelashes includes LATISSE® which is a 0.03% w/v bimatoprost solution and is applied to the upper eyelid margin. Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy induced alopecia occurs mainly because the chemotherapeutic agent damages the hair follicle resulting in total or incomplete hair loss. Hair loss occurs in approximately 65% of chemotherapeutic patients. Loss of hair is generally all over the body and is not limited to the scalp and include eyelashes and eyebrows. ,Hair loss due to chemotherapy can be psychologically devastating and has been described by some patients as a constant reminder of their illness and can result in feelings of loss of control and increased social isolation (Beisecker, Analee et al., Side Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Pycho-Oncology, 1997, 83- 93-6). Focus groups have also demonstrated that the loss of eyelashes and eyebrow hair was psychologically more devastating than loss of scalp hair.
• Non-chemotherapy drugs can also cause hair loss such as anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, retinoids, antithyroid drugs and interferons.
• chemotherapy-induced hair loss results from toxicity to rapidly dividing cells in the hair follicle.
• the epithelial compartment of the hair follicle undergoes rapid proliferation, with the greatest proliferation in the bulb matrix cells.
• chemotherapeutic agents are administered to a patient, cell mitosis can abruptly stop resulting in hair loss because the partially keratinized hair shaft weakens and leads to the hair falling out. This is known as anagen effluvium.
• Chemotherapeutic agents can also cause apoptosis (programmed cell death) to cells in the hair follicle.
• the new hair is vellus hair rather than terminal hair.
• the formulations and methods described in the specification can be used before or during chemotherapy on the scalp, face, eyebrows, eyelashes and all over the body to prevent loss of hair and also after chemotherapy to regrow hair and shift the hair cycle into anagen phase and lengthens anagen phase resulting in longer, darker and thicker eyelashes, eyebrows, scalp hair and facial hair.
• the solvents and penetration enhancers may be present in the following concentrations: .0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, ,0.07%, 0:08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%; 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 5 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%,
• Carbomer may be at a concentration of about 0.05-3.0% w/w, isopropyl myristate at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 10% w/w; PEG 40 castor oil at a concentration of about 0.1 to 20% w/w; carboxymethyl cellulose from 0.1 - 5.0 % w/w ethanol about 1 to about 70% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at a concentration of about 1.0 to about 50% w/w; polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 5.0% w/w; polysorbate 40 at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 5.0% w/w; polysorbate 60 at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 5.0% w/w; glycerin at a concentration of about 1.0 to about 30% w/w; polysorbate 80 at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 5.0% w/w; PPG-5 ceteth-20 at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 5.0% w/w;
• Formulation VII 0.05% w/v bimatoprost
• Formulation XXXIV 0.08 % w/v latanoprost; 4.0% w/v minoxidil;
• Non-Aerosol Non-Spray Foam Pump and Container
• a final product of a liquid formulation comprising the active ingredient combination of bimatoprost/minoxidil or travoprost/minoxidil or latanoprost/minoxidil or bimatoprost/finasteride or travoprost/finasteride or latanoprost/ finasteride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, packaged in a non-pressurized container, is dispensed using a non-aerosol, non-spray foam pump.
• the non-aerosol, non-spray foam pump provides for safe and simple dispensing of a measured dosage of the foam that contains the liquid formulation comprising the drug combination or a salt thereof, that is readily applied to the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes or face.
• the non-aerosol, non-spray foam pump is calibrated to deliver an adequate volume of the foam.
• An additional object herein disclosed is to provide the liquid formulation in a reusable and non-pressurized container that can be manufactured in a cylindrical or non-cylindrical shapes and that contains no propellant.
• the present embodiment does not employ the use of pressurized containers containing typical propellants, such as liquefied petroleum gases (mixture of propane, isobutene, and n- butane), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and dimethyl ether, which are flammable, harmful, and toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• typical propellants such as liquefied petroleum gases (mixture of propane, isobutene, and n- butane), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and dimethyl ether, which are flammable, harmful, and toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• liquefied petroleum gases mixture of propane, isobutene, and n- butane
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• dimethyl ether dimethyl ether
• Foam formulations comprising the active ingredient combination of bimatoprost/minoxidil or travoprost/minoxidil or latanoprost/rriinoxidil or bimatoprost/finasteride or travoprost/finasteride or latanoprosb finasteride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the amount of surfactant is about 2 - 10%. Any combination of anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants and non-ionic block copolymers may be used.
• ethoxylated glycerides Preferably ethoxylated glycerides, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, polyethoxylated and/or hydrogenated castor oil, nonionic block copolymers and amphoteric surfactants may be used.
• Especially preferred surfactants may be selected from: PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil; PEG 40 Stearate; Polysorbate 20; Cocamidopropyl betaine; Glyceryl cocoate; PEG 6 caprylic/capric glycerides; Poloxamer F 68; and saturated phospholipids C6 to C10.
• Latanoprost 0.1% w/v or 0.3% w/v (active); 1,2-Propanediol 60.5% w/v (solvent); Ethyl alcohol 10.2% w/v (solvent); lactic acid 2.5% w/v (acidifying agent); Essence 0.06 % w/v (aroma/essence); and deionized water q.s. 100% (solvent).
• the production flow scheme for formulation XXXV is as follows: 1 : Minoxidil, latanoprost and other excipients are separately weighed and prepared; 2: 1,2-propanediol, lactic acid, ethyl alcohol and deionized water which have been respectively weighed are placed in a production vessel and are mixed for at least 5 minutes, 3: The previously weighed minoxidil is placed in a stainless steel production vessel and is mixed for at least 15 minutes in order to be dissolved, followed by the addition of the previously weighed latanoprost (in a preweighed syringe to ensure proper transfer of the oil)4: Essence is added and mixed; 5: Filling is carried out at target volume and the end product is packaged and boxed.
• Lactic Acid 2.5% w/v (acidifying agent); Essence 0.06% w/v (aroma/essence); and,
• Formulation XXXVII The production flow scheme of the formulation is the same as Formulation XXXVII.
• Formulation XXXIX minoxidil 5/latanoprost 0.1 or 0.3 Foam
• the production flow scheme of the formulation is as follows: minoxidil , latanoprost and other excipients are separately weighed and prepared,
• 1.2-propanediol, lactic acid, ethyl alcohol and deionized water which have been respectively weighed are placed in a production vessel and are mixed for at least 5 minutes, the previously weighed minoxidil is placed in a stainless steel production vessel and is mixed for at least 15 minutes in order to be dissolved, followed by the addition of the previously weighed latanoprost.
• the previously weighed PEG 20 oleyl ether, plantacare 1200 and komperlan KD is added in a stainless steel production vessel and dissolved, essence is added and mixed. Filling is carried out at target volume and the end product is packaged and boxed.
• Lactic Acid 2.4% w/v (acidifying agent);
• the apparent pH of the final formulated solution should be 6.24.
• Polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol 1.00% w/v; Acetic Acid q.s. pH 6.0;
• Formulation XXXXIV(solution) Latanoprost 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% w/v; Minoxidil 5% w/v;
• Polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol 1.00% w/v; Acetic Acid q.s. pH 6.0;
• compositions include a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.15% w/w; triethylamine (TEA) at about 0.22% w/w; ethanol at about 15.0% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at about 10.0% w/w; polysorbate 20 at about 4.0% w/w; and water at about 70.5% w/w.
• TAA triethylamine
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.10% w/w; NaOH at about 0.035% w/w; ethanol at about 15.0% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at about 10.0% w/w; and water at about 74.8% w/w.
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.125% w/w; TEA at about 0.18% w/w; ethanol at about 30.0% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at about 20.0% w/w; and water at about 49.59% w/w.
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.10% w/w; TEA at about 0.15% w/w; ethanol at about 30.0% w/w; propylene glycol at about 20% w/w; and water at about 49.7% w/w.
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.20% w/w; TEA at about 0.22% w/w; ethanol at about 60.0% w/w; glycerin at about 5.0% w/w; and water at about 34.48% w/w.
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, latanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.25% w/w; TEA at about 0.38% w/w; ethahol at about 60.0% w/w; polysorbate 20 at about 4.0% w/w; and water at about 35.27% w/w.
• a composition or solution comprising 4% w/v minoxidil, 0.08% w/v latanoprost, 50% w/v propylene glycol, 30% w/v ethanol, 3% w/v transcutol, 2% w/v oleyl alcohol, 0.5% w/v Polyoxyethylene 40, and q.s. water 100%.
• a composition or solution comprising 4% w/v minoxidil, 0.08% w/v latanoprost, 50% w/v propylene glycol, 30% w/v ethanol, 3% w/v transcutol, 2% w/v oleyl alcohol, and q.s. water 100%.
• a composition comprising up to 5% w/w minoxidil, lafanoprost at about 0.1% w/w; carbomer at about 0.25% w/w; TEA at about 0.38% w/w; ethanol at about 50.0% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at about 10% w/w; polysorbate 20 at about 4.0% w/w; and water at about 35.27% w/w.
• the combination of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and oleyl alcohol act synergistically at certain concentrations, increase skin penetration of the active agents (e.g., latanoprost and minoxidil) and fluidize the lipids of hair follicle and the stratum corneum and make both active agents more soluble in vivo which make the formulations more efficacious by increasing the bioavailability of the active agents.
• Latanoprost is mostly lipid soluble which allows it to penetrate into the hair follicles of the epidermis.
• the formulation becomes more effective in exfoliating the pore lining, loosens clogs, removes impurities, and allows the formulation to permeate more freely.
• solvents such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and oleyl alcohol
• the formulation becomes more effective in exfoliating the pore lining, loosens clogs, removes impurities, and allows the formulation to permeate more freely.
• exfoliation opens up the hair follicle and pores. This would account for the increased efficacy of these formulations as compared to the same formulations that did contain diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and oleyl alcohol.
• the composition comprises water, minoxidil , latanoprost at a concentration of about 0.01% w/w to about 0.4% w/w, or about 0.05-0.3% w/w, or about 0.1- 0.3% w/w.
• Minoxidil is comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, or about 1-6% w/w, or about 2-5% w/w or about 5% w/w and one or more selected from the group consisting of: cetostearyl alcohol at a concentration of about 0.5% w/w to about 1% w/w, glyceryl mono-oleate at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, oleyl alcohol at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, ethanol at a concentration of about 30% w/w to about 75% w/w, propylene glycol at a concentration of about 10% w/w to about 25% w/w, benzyl alcohol at a concentration of about 0.5% w/w to about 2% w/w, preferably about 1% w/w, carbomer at a concentration of about 0.1
• the composition comprises water, minoxidil, latanoprost at a concentration of about 0.01-0.5% w/w, or about 0.05-4% w/w, or about 0.1-0.5% w/w.
• Minoxidil is comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, or about 1-6% w/w, more or about 2-5% w/w or about 5% w/w and one or more selected from the group consisting of: transcutol at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 25% w/w, preferably about 10% w/w, propylene glycol at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 25% w/w, glycerol monooleate at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, oleyl alcohol at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, ethanol at a concentration of about 30% w/w to about 75% w/w, propylene glycol at a concentration of about 10% w/w to about 25% w/w, benzyl alcohol at a concentration of about 0.5% w/
• Some embodiments may also comprise one or more additional ingredients in addition to those specified in the paragraph above, wherein the one or more ingredients are selected from the group consisting of linoleic acid at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w, preferably 2% w/w, sodium lauryl sulfate at a concentration between 0.1% w/w to about 0.5% w/w, preferably 0.2% w/w, and docusate sodium at a concentration between 0.1% w/w to about 0.5% w/w, preferably 0.2% w/w.
• the one or more ingredients are selected from the group consisting of linoleic acid at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w, preferably 2% w/w, sodium lauryl sulfate at a concentration between 0.1% w/w to about 0.5% w/w, preferably 0.2% w/w, and docusate sodium at a concentration between 0.1% w/w to
• the composition comprises water, minoxidil, latanoprost or travoprost at a concentration of about 0.01-5% w/w, or about 0.05-4% w/w, or about 0.1-0.3% w/w or about 0.1% w/w, 0.2% w/w or 0.3% w/w.
• Minoxidil is comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, or about 1-6% w/w, or about 2-5% w/w or about 5% w/w and one or more selected from the group consisting of: transcutol at a concentration of about 1 % w/w to about 25% w/w, preferably about 10% w/w, propylene glycol at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 25% w/w, glycerol monooleate at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, oleic acid at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, linoleic acid at a concentration of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w, preferably about 2% w/w, ethanol at a concentration of about 30% w/w to about 75% w/w, propy
• the composition comprises water; minoxidil or finasteride, latanoprost or travoprost, for example with latanoprost or topical finasteride at a concentration from about 0.01% w/w to about 0.5% w/w, preferably about 0.05-0.45% w/w or about 0.075- 0.4% w/w, more preferably about 0.1-0.3% w/w the most preferred value being 0.1% w/w, 0.2% w/w or 0.3% w/w.
• Minoxidil or finasteride comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, or about 1-6% w/w, or about 2-5% w/w or about 5% w/w; and one or more selected from the following: ethanol, for example at a concentration between 0.01% w/w to about 89% w/w; propylene glycol, for example at a concentration between 0.01% w/w to about 89% w/w; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, for example at a concentration between 0.01 % w/w to about 89% w/w; benzyl alcohol, for example at a concentration between 0.01% w/w to about 89% w/w; and one or more fatty acids and/or fatty ester excipients, for example at a concentration between 0.01% w/w to about 10% w/w.
• ethanol for example at a concentration between 0.01% w/w to about 89% w/w
• propylene glycol for
• the fatty acids may include one or more C8 -mC28 fatty acids, and which may be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
• a saturated fatty acid may be stearic acid.
• a monounsaturated fatty acid may be oleic acid.
• a polyunsaturated fatty acid may be linoleic acid.
• the fatty ester may one or more include C8 -C28 fatty acids, and which may be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
• a saturated fatty ester may be glyceryl monostearate.
• a monounsaturated fatty ester may be glyceryl monooleate.
• a polyunsaturated fatty ester may be ethyl ester of linoleic acid.
• a preferred composition comprises minoxidil or finasteride, latanoprost or travoprost, oleyl alcohol, ethanol and propylene glycol.
• Latanoprost or travoprost is comprised in an amount of about 0.01-0.5% w/w, or about 0.05-0.4% w/w, or about 0.1- 0.3% w/w the most preferred or about 0.1% w/w, 0.2% w/w or 0.3% w/w.
• Minoxidil or finasteride is comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, or about 1-6% w/w, or about 2-5% w/w or about 5% w/w.
• Oleyl alcohol is comprised in an amount of about 1-10% w/w.
• Ethanol is comprised in an amount of about 50- 80% w/w.
• Propylene glycol is comprised in an amount of 15-15% w/w.
• compositions for growing hair by topical application comprise minoxidil or finasteride, latanoprost or travoprost in free form or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the latanoprost or travoprost is contained in an amount of about 0.1% w/w to about 4% w/w; minoxidil or finasteride is comprised in an amount of about 0.5- 10% w/w, preferably about 1-6% w/w, more preferably about 2-5% w/w the most preferred value being 5% w/w.; at least one first compound selected from a fatty acid, fatty acid alcohol and fatty ester, wherein said composition is formulated for topical administration to the skin.
• the first compound is a fatty acid.
• the fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated.
• the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the first compound is a fatty ester.
• the fatty ester may be saturated or unsaturated.
• the fatty ester may be selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, and ethyl ester of linoleic acid.
• the composition comprises at least two first compounds.
• the composition may comprise a mixture of at least one fatty acid and at least one fatty ester.
• the first compound may have 12-24 carbon atoms.
• the composition may further comprise at least one second compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and benzyl alcohol.
• the composition may further comprise at least one third compound selected from the group consisting of terpenes, occlusive agents, surface active agents, sulfoxides, cyclic ethers, amides, amines; and dimethylaminopropionic acid derivatives.
• the terpene is selected from the group consisting of terpinolene, limonene, nerol, and cineol.
• the occlusive agent is selected from the group consisting of silicones, mineral oils, and water insoluble polymers.
• the surface active agent is selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, DMSO, and docusate sodium.
• the dimethylaminopropionic acid derivative is 2-dimethylaminopropionic acid dodecyl ester.
• the composition may comprise latanoprost in an amount of about 0.01% w/w to about 4% w/w.
• the composition may comprise latanoprost in an amount of about 0.05% w/w to about 0.5% w/w. Most preferably, the composition may comprise latanoprost in an amount of about 0.1% w/w. In some embodiments minoxidil is comprised in an amount of about 0.5-10% w/w, preferably about 1-6% w/w, more preferably about 2-5% w/w the most preferred value being 5% w/w. the composition is in the form of one selected from the group consisting of solutions, gels, ointments, foams, films, liniments, creams, shampoos, lotions, pastes, jellies, sprays and aerosols. In some embodiments, the composition is packaged in a kit with an applicator for application to the skin.
• compositions and formulations of the present invention can be manufactured using the following general procedure:
• Non-aqueous components e.g. latanoprost, travoprost, minoxidil, finasteride ethanol, glycols
• Water is added to the non-aqueous mixture followed by the addition of the thickening agent.
• a base is added to neutralize the polymer and thicken the solution into a gel other desired composition.
• ethanol, minoxidil and latanoprost are combined in a beaker and stirred using a propeller type overhead mixer until the solution is clear. This mixture is then added to the non-aqueous ingredients to form a non-aqueous mixture.
• the thickening agent is dispersed in water to form an aqueous mixture, which is then added to the non-aqueous mixture.
• a base is added to neutralize the polymer and to thicken the solution into a gel.
• compositions of the present invention can be manufactured using the following general procedure:
• Ethyl alcohol is weighed into a suitable media jar equipped for mixing, bimatoprost, latanoprost or travoprost is then added to the ethyl alcohol and stirred at moderate speed until dissolved.
• minoxidil, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, oleyl alcohol, propylene glycol and optionally POE 40 are added and mixed until the solvents are dispersed.
• Ethyl alcohol/(bimatoprost, latanoprost, or travoprost) solution is then added into the non- aqueous solution and mixed until the components are homogenously mixed (about 5 minutes of mixing).
• the carbomer thickener previously dispersed in water is added and mixed until well dispersed, once dispersed a base is added to thicken the solution into a gel.
• a topical 0.0.5% w/w latanoprost/5% w/w minoxidil cream is prepared as follows: Medium viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose and spermaceti are melted together at a temperature of 70-80° C. Propylene glycol, polysorbate 80, latanoprost, mirioxidil and transcutol are added in turn, maintaining a temperature of 75-80° C. A preservative (e.g., methylparaben) is added slowly to the carboxymethyl cellulose and spermaceti melt, with constant stirring. The addition is continued for at least 30 minutes with additional stirring until the temperature has dropped to 40-45° C. Finally, sufficient water is added to bring the final weight to 1000 gm and the preparation stirred to maintain homogeneity until cooled and congealed.
• methylparaben e.g., methylparaben
• the formulations may be applied continuously daily, monthly or yearly.
• a 42-year old Caucasian man with alopecia areata applies the formulation of Formulation VIII twice a day, 2ml/day to areas on his scalp where hair loss is evident, presenting as small patches of hair loss approximately the size of a quarter. After thirty days of application, there will be fewer T cell infiltrates in the patient’s scalp hair follicles and the patient’s hair will begin to grow on the patches.
• a 32-year old male with androgenetic alopecia applies the formulation of Formula VI to areas of hair loss on his scalp at least once a day (lml/day). After forty-five days of continuous application, the underlying autoimmune response causing hair loss will lessen in severity and hair will begin to regrow on the patient’s scalp in the areas of hair loss.
• a 43-year old female suffering from telogen effluvium applies the formulation of Formula XVII to her scalp twice a day. After thirty-five days of daily application, the patient’s hair will begin to regrow on the patient’s scalp in areas where the patient suffered hair loss. The patient will experience no side effects from application of Formulation XVII to the scalp.
• a 62 year old woman with thinning eyebrows applies Formulation XXII to her eyebrows with an applicator once a day. Within 45 - 90 days, the patient will experience increased growth of eyebrow hairs which are longer, thicker and darker than eyebrow hairs had she not have applied Formulation XXII.
• the hair growth in the area shaved above the left knee is slightly greater (more hair, longer hair and thicker) than in the area shaved above the right knee.
• 30 days the hair in the area above the left knee is longer, darker and thicker than the area above the right knee.
• the hair above the left knee is significantly longer, thicker in diameter, darker and more numerous than the area above the left knee which was treated with a 5% minoxidil Rogaine® solution. The patient suffered no side effects.
• Area #1 and Area #2 There did not appear to be a significant difference between Area #1 and Area #2 in regard to length of hair or darkness or thickness after 30 days. However, Area #1 and Area #2 had significantly more hair growth than Area #3. After 60 days, both Areas #1 and #2 had significant hair growth but the difference between the two areas in regard to length, thickness and darkness was not significant with Area #1 having about 10% more and longer hair than Area #2. In regard to darkness and thickness, there appeared to be no difference between Areas #1 and #2.
• Most of the new hair growth was with darker hair of the patient’s natural hair color and the overall ratio of dark hair to grey hair increased significantly in the treated area.,
• the new hair was longer, darker and thicker as compared to the vcllus hair in the balding area of his crown.
• the subject applied no formulation to Area # 1 and left that area untreated, applied a generic 5% minoxidil Rogaine® solution to Area # 2 at approximately 0.3 ml/day, and applied a minoxidil/latanoprost formulation (Formulation XVIII) to Area # 3 at approximately 0.3 ml/day. After approximately 15 days, the untreated area showed some hair growth while Area #2 and Area # 3 experienced more pronounced hair growth as compared to Area #1.
• Area #2 and Area #3 were very similar in numbers and lengths of hairs but the hairs of Area #3 appeared slightly darker and thicker.
• all three areas experienced regrowth with Areas #2 and #3 having significantly greater numbers of hair, which were longer, darker and with greater diameter as compared to Area #1.
• the number of hairs in Areas #2 and #3 were roughly the same but the hairs of Area #3 appeared slightly darker and thicker than Area #2.
• Area 1 had regrowth, approximately half of the hairs were regrown but was significantly less than Areas #2 and #3.
• Area # 3 had significantly more hairs than Area #2, with greater length, darkness and thickness as compared to Area # 2.
• a 54 year old male patient shaved three areas (approximately one inch by one inch) on his thigh so all of the hair was removed from those areas above the dermis.
• the patient begins applying Formulation XXXV on Area #1, then an identical formulation but without latanoprost (4% w/v minoxidil solution) to Area #2, and an identical formulation to Formulation XXXV but without minoxidil (0.08% w/v latanoprost solution) to Area #3.
• Area #1 had earlier onset of hair growth and experienced greater regrowth and an earlier onset of hair as compared to areas #2 and #3 in that there were more hairs growing above the epidermis, with greater thickness and greater darkness than areas #2 and #3.
• the patient began to apply Formulation XVIII once a day (1 ml/day) to her head along her vertex.
• the patient’s vertex had filled in significantly with new hair growth that was of her original hair color wherein the ratio of dark hair to grey hair increased considerably with more dark hair of her original hair color as compared to grey hair (see Fig. 4).
• the individual hairs of the new hair growth were also thicker as compared to her existing hairs. The patient experienced no side effects.
• a 54 year old patient shaved three areas (approximately one inch by one inch) on his arm so all of the hair was removed from above the surface of the epidermis.
• the patient applied Formulation XVIII on area #1, an identical solution to Formulation XVIII but without the latanoprost on area #2 and an identical solution to Formulation XVIII but without the minoxidil on area #3.
• area #1 had earlier onset of hair growth and more hair growth (more hair growing above the epidermis, longer, darker and thicker) than areas #2 and area #3.
• Day th patient’s hair had significantly grown back along the vertex, with thicker and fuller hair with hair growth on the crown, but not yet completely filled in.
• a 59 year old Caucasian female with thinning hair long her vertex began applying Formulation XX twice a day, approximately 2 mis a day, by spraying 1 ml a day onto the area of the scalp losing hair, twice a day.
• the patient switched to Formulation XVIII applied once a day, by spraying approximately 1 ml of formulation each day.
• the patient’s hair had significantly regrown along the vertex.
• a 64 year old Caucasian female with hair loss along her forehead and temples began applying Formulation XX twice a day, approximately 2 mis a day, by spraying 1 ml a day onto the area of the scalp losing hair, twice a day.
• the patient switched to Formulation XVIII applied once a day, by spraying approximately 1 ml of formulation each day.
• the patient experienced significant new hair growth along her forehead and temples with hair that was darker and thicker than the existing hair that was in those areas prior to treatment.
• a 26 year old Caucasian male with slight balding on his crown began applying Formulation XX twice a day, approximately 2 mis a day, by spraying 1 ml a day onto the area of the scalp losing hair, twice a day.
• the patient switched to Formulation XVIII applied once a day, by spraying approximately 1 ml of formulation each day.
• the patient experienced increased hair growth on his crown and the balding area was less visible.
• the patient’s hair had significantly grown back on the crown, with the hair darker and thicker than the hair in the same area prior to treatment.
• the patient switched to Formulation XX twice a day, approximately 2 mis a day, by spraying 1 ml a day onto the area of the scalp losing hair, twice a day.
• the vertex was thicker and fuller with much of the vertex covered with new hair which was thicker than the hair in the same area prior to treatment.

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