WO2021022841A1 - 多探头采样装置、氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及方法 - Google Patents

多探头采样装置、氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021022841A1
WO2021022841A1 PCT/CN2020/086994 CN2020086994W WO2021022841A1 WO 2021022841 A1 WO2021022841 A1 WO 2021022841A1 CN 2020086994 W CN2020086994 W CN 2020086994W WO 2021022841 A1 WO2021022841 A1 WO 2021022841A1
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gas
scr
sampling device
fixing bracket
probe sampling
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PCT/CN2020/086994
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈增响
马相雪
王淑丽
何伟娇
何龙
付细平
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无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2021022841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022841A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0054—Specially adapted to detect a particular component for ammonia
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method, e.g. intermittent, or the display, e.g. digital
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N2001/2285—Details of probe structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N2021/3595—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using FTIR
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of diesel engine exhaust gas post-treatment, in particular to a multi-probe sampling device, an SCR system including the multi-probe sampling device, an ammonia mixing uniformity test system and a SCR system ammonia mixing uniformity test method.
  • the SCR technology achieves the selective conversion of NOx by spraying an aqueous urea solution that can be decomposed into NH3 into the post processor.
  • the uniformity of NH3 distribution in the SCR catalyst directly determines the conversion efficiency of NOx and the utilization rate of the catalyst. Under current technical conditions, it is mostly used to improve the urea atomization effect and increase the urea mixer to improve the uniformity of NH3 distribution, and obtain the uniformity index of NH3 distribution on the end surface of the SCR catalyst through CFD simulation method, so as to evaluate the uniformity of NH3.
  • some research institutions use the final welding fixed sampling point of the SCR white carrier to test the NH3 concentration of the decomposition product after urea spraying to indirectly evaluate the uniformity of the NH3 concentration distribution on the front face of the SCR.
  • the present invention provides a multi-probe sampling device, an SCR system including the multi-probe sampling device, an ammonia mixing uniformity test system, and a SCR system ammonia mixing uniformity test method, which solves the problem of ammonia in the SCR The problem of low test accuracy of the uniformity of the system intake cross-section.
  • a multi-probe sampling device includes: a flange, a gas extraction pipeline, a propulsion mechanism, and a driving mechanism;
  • the flange includes a flange body portion and a flange support portion, the flange support portion is connected to one side of the flange body portion, and at least one side wall is provided on one side of the flange body portion
  • Through holes each of the through holes is provided with an air pipe joint, and each air pipe joint is connected to an air pipe.
  • the air pipe is arranged on the same side as the flange support part, and the air pipe is away from the One end of the airway joint passes through the push mechanism and is fixedly connected to the push mechanism, the drive mechanism is connected to the push mechanism, and one end of each airway tube away from the airway joint is connected to one Gas extraction pipeline, each of the gas extraction pipelines can be connected to a pipeline switching device;
  • the driving mechanism can drive the propulsion mechanism to move in a direction perpendicular to one side of the flange main body, and the movement of the propulsion mechanism can drive the movement of each air pipe, and each air pipe joint
  • the end away from the airway tube can collect gas at the rear end of the first SCR when the airway tube moves.
  • the flange support portion is provided with a first fixing bracket and a second fixing bracket, the first fixing bracket and the second fixing bracket are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, the first fixing bracket and the second fixing bracket
  • the parallel direction of the two fixing brackets is perpendicular to the driving direction of the driving mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism is arranged on the first fixing bracket and the second fixing bracket, and can be perpendicular to the first fixing bracket and the driving direction.
  • the direction of the second fixing bracket drives the movement of the pushing mechanism.
  • first fixing bracket is provided with a first limiting structure
  • second fixing bracket is provided with a second limiting structure
  • the driving mechanism is arranged between the first limiting mechanism and the second limiting mechanism.
  • the propulsion mechanism is driven to move within the range defined by the limit mechanism.
  • the first limiting mechanism includes a first limiting block and a first fixing card, the first limiting block is disposed on the first fixing bracket, and the first fixing card is connected to the first fixing card.
  • the limiting block is connected, and the first limiting block, the first fixing card and the first fixing bracket enclose a first limiting hole.
  • the second limiting mechanism includes a second limiting block and a second fixing card, the second limiting block is arranged on the second fixing bracket, the second fixing card and the second fixing card The limiting block is connected, and the second limiting block, the second fixing card and the second fixing bracket enclose a second limiting hole.
  • the driving mechanism includes a servo-driven hydraulic cylinder.
  • the propulsion mechanism includes a propulsion flange.
  • a system for testing the uniformity of ammonia mixing in an SCR system includes: an SCR system, a pipeline switching device, a gas analyzer, The calculation device and the multi-probe sampling device described above,
  • the SCR system includes a DOC, a DPF, a mixing device, a first SCR, and a second SCR connected in sequence.
  • a first NOx sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged at the entrance of the DOC, and the first NOx sensor is used to detect The NOx concentration at the DOC inlet, and the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature value at the DOC inlet;
  • a second NOx sensor is provided at the back end of the DPF, and the second NOx sensor is used to detect the NOx concentration at the back end of the DPF;
  • the mixing device is provided with a urea nozzle, and the nozzle metering system of the urea nozzle can obtain the urea injection amount in the mixing device;
  • the first SCR front end is provided with a second temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature value of the first SCR front end;
  • the multi-probe sampling device is provided at the back end of the first SCR, and the multi-probe sampling device can collect gas at the back end of the first SCR;
  • the pipeline switching device is connected to the multi-probe sampling device, and the pipeline switching device can control the gas collection of the multi-probe sampling device, and can send the gas collected by the multi-probe sampling device to the gas Analyzer;
  • the gas analyzer can analyze the gas collected by the multi-probe sampling device to obtain the concentration value of each component of the gas at the back end of the first SCR;
  • the calculation device can calculate the uniformity coefficient of NH 3 distribution at the front end of the first SCR according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at the back end of the SCR.
  • a method for testing the ammonia mixing uniformity of an SCR system using the aforementioned testing system for the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system, wherein the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system is Test methods include:
  • the multi-probe sampling device collects the gas at multiple measuring points at the rear end of the first SCR under the control of the pipeline switching device to obtain the gas at each measuring point;
  • the gas analyzer analyzes the gas at each measuring point separately to obtain the concentration value of each component of the gas at each measuring point;
  • the calculation device calculates the distribution uniformity coefficient of NH3 at the front end of the SCR1 according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at multiple measurement points.
  • the method for testing the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system further includes the step of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the NH3 distribution at the front end of the SCR1 by the calculating device according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at the multiple measuring points. of:
  • the multiple collection device recollects the gas at at least four measuring points at the back end of the first SCR under the control of the pipeline switching device to obtain the gas at each measuring point;
  • the gas analyzer analyzes the re-collected gas at each measuring point separately, and obtains the concentration value of each component of the re-collected gas at each measuring point;
  • the calculation device calculates the difference between the concentration value of each component of the gas collected at each measuring point and the concentration value of each component of the gas at the corresponding measuring point collected for the first time;
  • the computing device executes the subsequent steps.
  • At least one airway tube is provided, which can realize multi-point collection of the gas at the rear end of the first SCR, and the structure of the above-mentioned multi-probe sampling device can realize vertical installation, horizontal installation, or with the first SCR.
  • the installation of the SCR at any angle can occupy a small space and can collect the gas on the rear end of the first SCR to the greatest extent.
  • Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the multi-probe sampling device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the multi-probe sampling device provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test system for the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the multi-probe sampling device, the pipeline switching device, and the gas analyzer provided by the present invention.
  • oxidation catalyst Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, DOC
  • selective catalytic reduction catalyst Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR
  • particle filter Diesel Particulate Filter, DPF
  • NH 3 _UI represents the ammonia mixing uniformity coefficient
  • A represents the cross-sectional area of the carrier
  • a i represents the area of unit i
  • mi represents the concentration of NH 3 in the axial direction of unit i, Indicates the average NH 3 concentration.
  • the SCR catalyst carrier is a honeycomb ceramic, it has a good rectification effect on gas flow and gas components, so the gas flow distribution and NH 3 distribution on the outlet surface of the first SCR are very stable. Therefore, it is a better choice to indirectly calculate the NH 3 concentration of the SCR inlet section by setting the measuring point on the first SCR outlet section.
  • NH 3 UI Flange represents the concentration of NH 3 measured by the multi-probe sampling device
  • NO x, usSCR represents the NOx concentration before SCR (which can be obtained by the NOx sensor after DPF)
  • NO x, UI Flange represents the measurement of the multi-probe sampling device
  • the NOx concentration obtained, HNCO means the HNCO concentration measured by the multi-probe sampling device.
  • NOx ,usSCR is the NOx concentration before the first SCR, which can be measured from the NOx sensor after the DPF.
  • NOx concentration distribution before the first SCR is affected by the mixer to a certain extent. Therefore, when the airflow is very uniformly distributed on the front face of the first SCR, it can be regarded as the NOx before the first SCR is completely uniformly distributed and can be used directly Calculate the measured value of NOx sensor after DPF.
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 are the axes of the multi-probe sampling device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the surveying and front views, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, include: flange 5-1, gas pipeline 5-6, propulsion mechanism 5-4 and driving mechanism 5-7;
  • the flange 5-1 includes a flange body portion 5-101 and a flange support portion 5-102.
  • the flange support portion 5-102 is connected to one side of the flange body portion 5-101.
  • At least one through hole is provided on the side wall of one side of the flange body 5-101, each through hole is provided with an air pipe joint 5-2, and each air pipe joint 5-2 is connected to one
  • the air guide tube 5-3 is arranged on the same side as the flange support part 5-102, and the end of the air guide tube 5-3 away from the air guide tube joint 5-2 passes through the propelling
  • the mechanism 5-4 is fixedly connected to the advancing mechanism 5-4, the driving mechanism 5-7 is connected to the advancing mechanism 5-4, and each of the air pipes 5-3 faces away from the air pipe joint 5-
  • One end of 2 is connected to a gas extraction pipeline 5-6, and each of the gas extraction pipelines 5-6 can be connected to a pipeline switching device;
  • the driving mechanism 5-7 can drive the propulsion mechanism 5-4 to move along a side perpendicular to the side of the flange body 5-101, and the movement of the propulsion mechanism 5-4 can drive each of the The movement of the air pipe 5-3, the end of each air pipe joint 5-2 away from the air pipe 5-3 can collect the gas at the rear end of the first SCR when the air pipe 5-3 moves.
  • At least one airway tube is provided, which can realize multi-point collection of the gas at the rear end of the first SCR, and the structure of the above-mentioned multi-probe sampling device can realize vertical installation, horizontal installation, or with the first SCR.
  • the installation of the SCR at any angle can occupy a small space and can collect the gas on the rear end of the first SCR to the greatest extent.
  • a first fixing bracket 5-8 and a second fixing bracket 5-9 are provided on the flange support portion 5-102, and the first fixing bracket 5- 8 and the second fixing bracket 5-9 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, the parallel direction of the first fixing bracket 5-8 and the second fixing bracket 5-9 is perpendicular to the driving direction of the driving mechanism 5-7
  • the driving mechanism 5-7 is arranged on the first fixing bracket 5-8 and the second fixing bracket 5-9, and can be perpendicular to the first fixing bracket 5-8 and the second fixing bracket 5-9.
  • the direction of the fixing bracket 5-9 drives the movement of the pushing mechanism 5-4.
  • a first limiting structure is provided on the first fixing bracket 5-8, and a second limiting structure is provided on the second fixing bracket 5-9,
  • the driving mechanism 5-7 drives the propulsion mechanism 5-4 to move within the range defined by the first limiting mechanism and the second limiting mechanism.
  • the first limiting mechanism includes a first limiting block 5-12 and a first fixing card 5-10, the first limiting block is arranged on the first fixing bracket 5-8, and the The first fixing card 5-10 is connected to the first limiting block 5-12, and the first limiting block 5-12, the first fixing card 5-10 and the first fixing bracket 5-8 are enclosed The first limit hole.
  • the second limiting mechanism includes a second limiting block 5-13 and a second fixing card 5-11, and the second limiting block 5-13 is arranged on the second fixing bracket 5-9 ,
  • the second fixing card 5-11 is connected to the second limiting block 5-13, the second limiting block 5-13, the second fixing card 5-11 and the second fixing bracket 5- 9 enclose the second limiting hole.
  • first limiting hole and the second limiting hole are arranged in parallel and correspondingly, and the driving mechanism 5-7 can pass through the first limiting hole and the second limiting hole Then, the movement of the propulsion mechanism 5-4 is driven, and the driving mechanism 5-7 is arranged perpendicular to the propulsion mechanism 5-4.
  • the driving mechanism 5-7 includes a servo-driven hydraulic cylinder.
  • the driving of the propulsion mechanism by the servo-driven hydraulic cylinder can make the selection of measuring points very flexible and can basically cover all points of concern.
  • the propulsion mechanism 5-4 includes a propulsion flange.
  • this embodiment takes 6 air guide tubes as an example. It should be understood that after considering the size of the air duct, the airflow distribution, and the fixed size of the flange, the use of 6 air ducts can achieve the purpose of having a small impact on the airflow distribution and achieving multiple measurement points.
  • the multi-probe sampling device in this embodiment is fixed by flange installation, which is convenient for installation and disassembly, and can be reused multiple times in different schemes and different projects.
  • the testing system for uniformity of ammonia mixing in the SCR system includes: an SCR system, a pipeline Switching device SwitchBox, gas analyzer FTIR, calculation device and the aforementioned multi-probe sampling device 5,
  • the SCR system includes a DOC, a DPF, a mixing device Mixer, a first SCR, and a second SCR that are connected in sequence, a first NOx sensor and a first temperature sensor are set at the inlet position 1 of the DOC, and the first NOx sensor is used for Detecting the NOx concentration of the DOC inlet, and the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature value of the DOC inlet;
  • the rear end 2 of the DPF is provided with a second NOx sensor, and the second NOx sensor is used to detect the NOx concentration at the rear end of the DPF;
  • the mixing device Mixer is provided with a urea nozzle 3, and the nozzle metering system of the urea nozzle 3 can obtain the urea injection amount in the mixing device;
  • the first SCR front end 4 is provided with a second temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature value of the first SCR front end;
  • the multi-probe sampling device 5 is provided at the back end of the first SCR, and the multi-probe sampling device 5 can collect gas at the back end of the first SCR;
  • the pipe switching device SwitchBox is connected to the multi-probe sampling device 5.
  • the pipe switching device SwitchBox can control the gas collection of the multi-probe sampling device 5, and can collect the multi-probe sampling device 5 Sent to the gas analyzer FTIR;
  • the gas analyzer FTIR can analyze the gas collected by the multi-probe sampling device 5 to obtain the concentration value of each component of the gas at the back end of the first SCR;
  • the calculation device can calculate the uniformity coefficient of NH 3 distribution at the front end of the first SCR according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at the back end of the SCR.
  • the SCR system is installed on the engine stand. And install the first NOx sensor and the first temperature sensor in the purifier DOC inlet position 1 to test the NOx concentration and the inlet temperature value of the SCR system inlet. Install a second NOx sensor at position 2 at the back of the DPF to measure the NOx , usSCR at the back of the DPF. Obtain the urea injection volume through the nozzle metering system at position 3 of the urea nozzle, and confirm whether the urea injection volume is consistent with the ECU calibration value. A second temperature sensor is installed at the front end position 4 of the first SCR to monitor whether the temperature value of the measured working condition is reached.
  • a multi-probe sampling device 5 is installed at a position 10 mm behind the first SCR of the catalyst, and 6 sampling tubes are arranged on the multi-probe sampling device 5 for gas sampling at a specific position on the cross section.
  • the multi-probe sampling device 5 is connected to the pipe switching device Switch Box, and the pipe switching device Switch Box performs signal transmission with the gas analyzer FTIR.
  • the gas analyzer FTIR is used to test the NOx, NH 3 , N 2 O and HNCO groups in the gas sample The concentration of points. That is , the concentration values of the emission pollutants NO x, UI Flange and N 2 O and the urea decomposition products NH 3, UI Flange and HNCO on the back section of the first SCR can be directly tested.
  • the multi-probe sampling device 5 is customized according to the size of the SCR catalyst carrier. As many test points as possible should be set. Generally, 30-50 test points are arranged on the first SCR outlet section, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the numerical value of the uniformity of ammonia mixing NH 3 _UI is calculated, which is the coefficient of uniformity of NH 3 distribution on the front face of the first SCR.
  • test methods include:
  • the multi-probe sampling device collects the gas at multiple measuring points at the rear end of the first SCR under the control of the pipeline switching device to obtain the gas at each measuring point;
  • the gas analyzer analyzes the gas at each measuring point separately to obtain the concentration value of each component of the gas at each measuring point;
  • the calculation device calculates the distribution uniformity coefficient of NH3 at the front end of the SCR1 according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at multiple measurement points.
  • the method for testing the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system further includes performing before the step of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the NH3 distribution at the front end of the SCR1 by the calculation device according to the concentration values of the respective components of the gas at multiple measuring points:
  • the multiple collection device recollects the gas at at least four measuring points at the back end of the first SCR under the control of the pipeline switching device to obtain the gas at each measuring point;
  • the gas analyzer analyzes the re-collected gas at each measuring point separately, and obtains the concentration value of each component of the re-collected gas at each measuring point;
  • the calculation device calculates the difference between the concentration value of each component of the gas collected at each measuring point and the concentration value of each component of the gas at the corresponding measuring point collected for the first time;
  • the computing device executes the subsequent steps.
  • the gas can be collected at multiple test points, thereby improving the testing accuracy of the uniformity of ammonia mixing.
  • test method and test system of the ammonia mixing uniformity of the SCR system provided by the present invention are directly tested through the engine bench, the emission material is closer to the working condition of the whole vehicle, and the result is more accurate; and the sampling multi-probe sampling device can change the installation angle , And can add test points to the greatest extent on the back section of the first SCR. There are 46 test points shown in Figure 4.

Abstract

本发明涉及柴油机尾气后处理技术领域，具体公开了一种多探头采样装置，其中，包括：法兰、取气管路、推进机构和驱动机构；法兰包括法兰主体部和法兰支撑部，法兰支撑部与法兰主体部的一侧连接，法兰主体部的一侧的侧壁上设置有至少一个通孔，每个通孔内均设置一个导气管接头，每个导气管接头均连接一根导气管，导气管与法兰支撑部同侧设置，导气管背离导气管接头的一端穿过推进机构并与推进机构固定连接，驱动机构与推进机构连接，每根导气管背离导气管接头的一端均连接一根取气管路。本发明还公开了一种SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及方法。本发明提供的多探头采样装置能够提高氨气混合均匀度的测试精度。

Description

多探头采样装置、氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及柴油机尾气后处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种多探头采样装置、包括该多探头采样装置的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法。
背景技术
SCR技术是通过向后处理器中喷入能够分解成NH3的尿素水溶液从而实现NOx的选择性转化。NH3在SCR催化剂中分布的均匀程度直接决定了NOx的转化效率和催化剂的利用率。目前技术条件下，多采用提升尿素雾化效果和增加尿素混合器来提升NH3的分布均匀度，并通过CFD仿真方法获得NH3在SCR催化剂端面的分布均匀性指数，从而对NH3均匀性进行评价。同时也有研究机构采用在SCR白载体的最后段焊接固定采样点测试尿素喷入后的分解产物NH3的浓度来间接评价SCR前端面的NH3浓度分布均匀度。
但是上述对NH3浓度的分布均匀度的评价方式由于技术的限制测试误差较大，不能精确的测试尿素喷入后分解出来的氨气在SCR系统进气截面的分布均匀程度。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多探头采样装置、包括该多探头采样装置的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统及SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，解决相关技术中存在的氨气在SCR系统进气截面的分布均匀程度的测试精度低的问题。
作为本发明的一个方面，提供一种多探头采样装置，其中，所述多探头采样装置包括：法兰、取气管路、推进机构和驱动机构；
所述法兰包括法兰主体部和法兰支撑部，所述法兰支撑部与所述法兰主体部的一侧连接，所述法兰主体部的一侧的侧壁上设置有至少一个通孔，每个所述通孔内均设置一个导气管接头，每个导气管接头均连接一根导气管，所述导气管与所述法兰支撑部同侧设置，所述导气管背离所述导气管接头的一端穿过所述推进机构并与所述推进机构固定连接，所述驱动机构与所述推进机构连接，每根所述导气管背离所述导气管接头的一端均连接一根取气管路，每根所述取气管路均能够连接至管路切换装置；
所述驱动机构能够驱动所述推进机构沿垂直于所述法兰主体部的一侧的方运动，所述推进机构的运动能够带动每根所述导气管的移动，每个所述导气管接头背离所述导气管的一端均能够在所述导气管移动时采集第一SCR后端的气体。
进一步地，所述法兰支撑部上设置有第一固定支架和第二固定支架，所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架平行且间隔设置，所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架的平行方向与所述驱动机构的驱动方向垂直，所述驱动机构设置在所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架上，并能够沿垂直于所述第一固定支 架和所述第二固定支架的方向驱动所述推挤机构的运动。
进一步地，所述第一固定支架上设置有第一限位结构，所述第二固定支架上设置有第二限位结构，所述驱动机构在所述第一限位机构和所述第二限位机构所限定的范围内驱动所述推进机构运动。
进一步地，所述第一限位机构包括第一限位块和第一固定卡片，所述第一限位块设置在所述第一固定支架上，所述第一固定卡片与所述第一限位块连接，所述第一限位块、第一固定卡片和所述第一固定支架围成第一限位孔。
进一步地，所述第二限位机构包括第二限位块和第二固定卡片，所述第二限位块设置在所述第二固定支架上，所述第二固定卡片与所述第二限位块连接，所述第二限位块、第二固定卡片和所述第二固定支架围成第二限位孔。
进一步地，所述驱动机构包括伺服驱动液压缸。
进一步地，所述推进机构包括推进法兰。
作为本发明的另一个方面，提供一种SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统，其中，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统包括：SCR系统、管路切换装置、气体分析仪、计算装置和前文所述的多探头采样装置，
所述SCR系统包括依次连接的DOC、DPF、混合装置、第一SCR和第二SCR，所述DOC的入口位置设置第一NOx传感器和第一温度传感器，所述第一NOx传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的NOx浓度，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的温度值；
所述DPF的后端设置第二NOx传感器，所述第二NOx传感器用于检测所述DPF后端的NOx浓度；
所述混合装置上设置有尿素喷嘴，所述尿素喷嘴的喷嘴计量系统能够获得混合装置内的尿素喷射量；
所述第一SCR前端设置第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器用于检测所述第一SCR前端的温度值；
所述第一SCR后端设置所述多探头采样装置，所述多探头采样装置能够采集所述第一SCR后端的气体；
所述管路切换装置与所述多探头采样装置连接，所述管路切换装置能够控制所述多探头采样装置的气体采集，并能够将所述多探头采样装置采集的气体发送至所述气体分析仪；
所述气体分析仪能够对所述多探头采样装置采集的气体进行分析，获得第一SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值；
所述计算装置能够根据所述SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到第一SCR前端的NH 3的分布均匀度系数。
作为本发明的另一个方面，提供一种应用前文所述的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，其中，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法包括：
在预设的发动机工况下，多探头采样装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的多个测点的气体进行持续时间采集，得到每个测点的气体；
气体分析仪对每个测点的气体分别进行分析，得到每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数。
进一步地，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法还包括在所述计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数的步骤前进行的：
多样采集装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的至少四个测点的气体重新采集，得到每个测点的气体；
气体分析仪对重新采集的每个测点气体分别进行分析，得到重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
计算装置将重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值与第一次采集到的对应的测点的气体的各组分浓度值进行差值计算；
若差值在预设误差范围内，则计算装置执行后续步骤。
通过上述多探头采样装置，设置至少一根导气管，能够实现对第一SCR后端的气体的多点采集，且通过上述多探头采样装置的结构可以实现竖向安装、横向安装，或者与第一SCR成任何角度的安装，这样能够占用很小空间且能够最大程度的采集第一SCR后端上的气体，当该多探头采样装置应用到SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统中时，由于能够多测试点的采集到气体，从而能够提高氨气混合均匀度的测试精度。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为本发明提供的多探头采样装置的轴测图。
图2为本发明提供的多探头采样装置的主视图。
图3为本发明提供的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统的结构示意图。
图4为本发明提供的多探头采样装置与管路切换装置以及气体分析仪的连接示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。 应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包括，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
还需要说明的是，氧化型催化器(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst，简称DOC)，选择性催化还原催化器(Selective Catalytic Reduction，简称SCR)，颗粒捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter，简称DPF)。
在实现氨气混合均匀度的测试之前，先对实现氨气混合均匀性的测试原理进行详细说明。
目前行业内采用氨混均匀性系数NH 3_UI来评价SCR催化剂入口截面处的NH 3分布均匀程度。如把SCR催化剂入口截面分成若干个面单元，则NH 3_UI的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020086994-appb-000001
其中，NH 3_UI表示氨混合均匀性系数，A表示载体截面积，A i表示单元i面积，m i表示单元i轴向NH 3的浓度，
Figure PCTCN2020086994-appb-000002
表示平均NH 3的浓度。
根据计算公式，只需要在SCR催化剂入口截面上测试有限个单元面的NH 3浓度，即可得到整个入口截面的NH 3_UI。但是由于SCR催化剂入口截面上气流和尿素分布的复杂性，采用直接测试SCR入口截面的NH 3浓度存在困难。由于SCR催化剂载体是蜂窝陶瓷，对气流和气体组分具有良好的整流作用，故第一SCR的出口面上的气流分布和NH 3分布均非常稳定。因此，采用在第一SCR出口截面上设置测点的方式间接推算出SCR入口截面的NH 3浓度是更好的选择。
尿素水溶液喷入混合器后，在高温和催化剂作用下发生热解和和水解，生成产物主要是HNCO、NH 3和CO 2，化学反应公式如下所示：
(NH 2) 2CO＝>HCNO+NH 3，
HCNO+H 2O＝>NH 3+CO 2。
但如果排气温度较低的情况下，尿素分解不完全，可能生成其他复杂的化学产物甚至产生结晶体。但这些复杂产物对测试NH 3的分布均匀性没有影响，可以不用考虑。尿素分解生成的NH 3在催化剂的作用下和尾气中的NOx一系列的化学反应，生成的产物比较复杂。此处暂只考虑两种主要化学反应。即快反应和标准反应，反应公式如下：
Standard SCR：4NH 3+4NO+O 2＝4N 2+6H 2O，
Fast SCR：4NH 3+2NO+2NO 2＝4N 2+6H 2O。
从反应公式可以看出，转化NOx所需的NH 3摩尔数与NOx摩尔数为1:1。因此可以由第一SCR下游的NH 3泄露量+与NOx反应所需的NH 3量+未水解成NH 3的HNCO量计算出上游的NH 3理论值。计算公式如下：
NH 3，usSCR＝NH 3，UI Flange+(NO x，usSCR-NO x，UI Flange)+HNCO，
其中，NH 3,UI Flange表示多探头采样装置测得的NH 3的浓度，NO x,usSCR表示SCR前的NOx浓度(可由DPF后NOx传感器得到)，NO x,UI Flange表示多探头采样装置测得的NOx浓度，HNCO表示多探头采样装置测得的HNCO浓度。
此处，NH 3,UI Flange为多多探头采样装置处测到的NH 3浓度，也是第一SCR没有反应完的NH 3。NO x,usSCR为第一SCR前的NOx浓度，可从DPF后NOx传感器测得。但第一SCR前的NOx浓度分布一定程度上受混合器的影响，因此，当气流在第一SCR前端面分布非常均匀时，可视为第一SCR前的NOx为完全均匀分布，可直接采用DPF后NOx传感器测得值计算。
为了实现对NH 3的浓度、NOx浓度以及HNCO浓度的获取，在本实施例中提供了一种多探头采样装置，图1和图2分别是根据本发明实施例提供的多探头采样装置的轴测图和主视图，如图1和图2所示，包括：法兰5-1、取气管路5-6、推进机构5-4和驱动机构5-7；
所述法兰5-1包括法兰主体部5-101和法兰支撑部5-102，所述法兰支撑部5-102与所述法兰主体部5-101的一侧连接，所述法兰主体部5-101的一侧的侧壁上设置有至少一个通孔，每个所述通孔内均设置一个导气管接头5-2，每个导气管接头5-2均连接一根导气管5-3，所述导气管5-3与所述法兰支撑部5-102同侧设置，所述导气管5-3背离所述导气管接头5-2的一端穿过所述推进机构5-4并与所述推进机构5-4固定连接，所述驱动机构5-7与所述推进机构5-4连接，每根所述导气管5-3背离所述导气管接头5-2的一端均连接一根取气管路5-6，每根所述取气管路5-6均能够连接至管路切换装置；
所述驱动机构5-7能够驱动所述推进机构5-4沿垂直于所述法兰主体部5-101的一侧的方运动，所述推进机构5-4的运动能够带动每根所述导气管5-3的移动，每个所述导气管接头5-2背离所述导气管5-3的一端均能够在所述导气管5-3移动时采集第一SCR后端的气体。
通过上述多探头采样装置，设置至少一根导气管，能够实现对第一SCR后端的气体的多点采集，且通过上述多探头采样装置的结构可以实现竖向安装、横向安装，或者与第一SCR成任何角度的安装，这样能够占用很小空间且能够最大程度的采集第一SCR后端上的气体，当该多探头采样装置应用到SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统中时，由于能够多测试点的采集到气体，从而能够提高氨气混合均匀度的测试精度。
具体地，为了实现对驱动机构5-7的支撑，所述法兰支撑部5-102上设置有第一固定支架5-8和第二固定支架5-9，所述第一固定支架5-8和所述第二固定支架5-9平行且间隔设置，所述第一固定支架5-8和所述第二固定支架5-9的平行方向与所述驱动机构5-7的驱动方向垂直，所述驱动机构5-7设置在所述第一固定支架5-8和所述第二固定支架5-9上，并能够沿垂直于所述第一固定支架5-8和所述第二固定支架5-9的方向驱动所述推挤机构5-4的运动。
进一步地，为了实现对驱动机构5-7的支撑，所述第一固定支架5-8上设置有第一限位结构，所述第二固定支架5-9上设置有第二限位结构，所述驱动机构5-7在所述第一限位机构和所述第二限位机构所限定的范围内驱动所述推进机 构5-4运动。
优选地，所述第一限位机构包括第一限位块5-12和第一固定卡片5-10，所述第一限位块设置在所述第一固定支架5-8上，所述第一固定卡片5-10与所述第一限位块5-12连接，所述第一限位块5-12、第一固定卡片5-10和所述第一固定支架5-8围成第一限位孔。
优选地，所述第二限位机构包括第二限位块5-13和第二固定卡片5-11，所述第二限位块5-13设置在所述第二固定支架5-9上，所述第二固定卡片5-11与所述第二限位块5-13连接，所述第二限位块5-13、第二固定卡片5-11和所述第二固定支架5-9围成第二限位孔。
可以理解的是，所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔平行且对应设置，所述驱动机构5-7能够穿过所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔后驱动所述推进机构5-4的运动，且所述驱动机构5-7与所述推进机构5-4垂直设置。
优选地，所述驱动机构5-7包括伺服驱动液压缸。
需要说明的是，通过伺服驱动液压缸实现对推进机构的驱动，能够使得测点的选择非常灵活，基本可以涵盖所有关注点。
优选地，所述推进机构5-4包括推进法兰。
优选地，如图1和图2所示，本实施例以6个导气管为例。应当理解的是，在考虑导气管的尺寸、气流分布以及法兰的固定尺寸后，采用6个导气管能够达到对气流分布影响小且能够实现多个测点的目的。
需要说明的是，本实施例中多探头采样装置通过法兰安装固定，便于安装及拆卸，可以在不同方案，不同项目中多次重复利用。
作为本发明的另一实施例，提供一种SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统，其中，如图3所示，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统包括：SCR系统、管路切换装置Switch Box、气体分析仪FTIR、计算装置和前文所述的多探头采样装置5，
所述SCR系统包括依次连接的DOC、DPF、混合装置Mixer、第一SCR和第二SCR，所述DOC的入口位置1设置第一NOx传感器和第一温度传感器，所述第一NOx传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的NOx浓度，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的温度值；
所述DPF的后端2设置第二NOx传感器，所述第二NOx传感器用于检测所述DPF后端的NOx浓度；
所述混合装置Mixer上设置有尿素喷嘴3，所述尿素喷嘴3的喷嘴计量系统能够获得混合装置内的尿素喷射量；
所述第一SCR前端4设置第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器用于检测所述第一SCR前端的温度值；
所述第一SCR后端设置所述多探头采样装置5，所述多探头采样装置5能够采集所述第一SCR后端的气体；
所述管路切换装置Switch Box与所述多探头采样装置5连接，所述管路切换装置Switch Box能够控制所述多探头采样装置5的气体采集，并能够将所述 多探头采样装置5采集的气体发送至所述气体分析仪FTIR；
所述气体分析仪FTIR能够对所述多探头采样装置5采集的气体进行分析，获得第一SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值；
所述计算装置能够根据所述SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到第一SCR前端的NH 3的分布均匀度系数。
通过上述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统，由于采用了前文的多探头采样装置，能够多测试点的采集到气体，从而能够提高氨气混合均匀度的测试精度。
如图3所示，在发动机台架上安装SCR系统。并在净化器DOC入口位置1安装第一NOx传感器和第一温度传感器来测试SCR系统入口的NOx浓度及入口温度值。在DPF后端位置2安装第二NOx传感器测量DPF后端的NO x,usSCR。在尿素喷嘴位置3处通过喷嘴计量系统获得尿素喷射量，同时确认尿素喷射量和ECU标定值是否一致。在第一SCR前端位置4处安装第二温度传感器，用于监控是否达到了所测工况的温度值。在催化剂第一SCR后10mm位置安装多探头采样装置5，多探头采样装置5上排布6根取样管，用来在所在截面特定位置上进行气体取样。多探头采样装置5连接管路切换装置Switch Box，管路切换装置Switch Box与气体分析仪FTIR进行信号传输，气体分析仪FTIR用来测试气体样本中NOx、NH 3、N 2O和HNCO等组分的浓度。即可以直接测试第一SCR后端截面上的排放污染物NO x,UI Flange和N 2O及尿素分解产物NH 3,UI Flange和HNCO的浓度值。
多探头采样装置5根据SCR催化剂载体的尺寸大小定制，应尽多的设置测试点，一般在第一SCR出口截面上布置30～50个测试点，如图4所示。
启动发动机，将发动机工况调至所需工况，包括转速、扭矩、原排NOx。将多探头采样装置5移至载体中心点进行数据监控，待转速、扭矩、SCR前温度、流量、尿素喷射等数据稳定后，将多探头采样装置5中的一个探头移至测试点1，重新稳定2min后，测量NOx、NH 3、N 2O和HNCO的浓度值，测量时间为30s，取其平均值作为该点各组分的浓度值；然后依次测量后续测点。测完所有测点后，再复测点1、2、3、4，与初次测量值比较，若误差小于10％，则认为所测试验数据满足要求；若误差大于10％，则等待10min，再次复测，直到满足要求为止。将在第一SCR后端测得的各测点NOx、NH 3、N 2O、HNCO的浓度值，转换为SCR1前端面对应测点的NH3浓度值。计算公式如下：
NH 3，usSCR＝NH 3，UI Flange+(NO x，usSCR-NO x，UI Flange)+HNCO，
这样就得到了第一SCR前端面的NH 3浓度值分布，再采用氨混均匀性公式：
Figure PCTCN2020086994-appb-000003
计算出氨混均匀性NH 3_UI的数值，即为第一SCR前端面上NH 3的分布均匀度系数。
作为本发明的另一实施例，提供一种应用前文所述的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，其中，所述SCR系统 氨气混合均匀度的测试方法包括：
在预设的发动机工况下，多探头采样装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的多个测点的气体进行持续时间采集，得到每个测点的气体；
气体分析仪对每个测点的气体分别进行分析，得到每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数。
所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法还包括在所述计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数的步骤前进行的：
多样采集装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的至少四个测点的气体重新采集，得到每个测点的气体；
气体分析仪对重新采集的每个测点气体分别进行分析，得到重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
计算装置将重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值与第一次采集到的对应的测点的气体的各组分浓度值进行差值计算；
若差值在预设误差范围内，则计算装置执行后续步骤。
通过上述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，由于采用了前文的多探头采样装置，能够多测试点的采集到气体，从而能够提高氨气混合均匀度的测试精度。
关于SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法的具体工作过程可以参照前文的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统的描述，此处不再赘述。
本发明提供的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法及测试系统，直接通过发动机台架进行测试，排放物质更接近整车工况，结果更加准确；且采样多探头采样装置，能够变换安装角度，且能够最大程度在第一SCR后端截面上增加测试点，图4中所示的测试点为46个。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述多探头采样装置包括：法兰、取气管路、推进机构和驱动机构；
    所述法兰包括法兰主体部和法兰支撑部，所述法兰支撑部与所述法兰主体部的一侧连接，所述法兰主体部的一侧的侧壁上设置有至少一个通孔，每个所述通孔内均设置一个导气管接头，每个导气管接头均连接一根导气管，所述导气管与所述法兰支撑部同侧设置，所述导气管背离所述导气管接头的一端穿过所述推进机构并与所述推进机构固定连接，所述驱动机构与所述推进机构连接，每根所述导气管背离所述导气管接头的一端均连接一根取气管路，每根所述取气管路均能够连接至管路切换装置；
    所述驱动机构能够驱动所述推进机构沿垂直于所述法兰主体部的一侧的方运动，所述推进机构的运动能够带动每根所述导气管的移动，每个所述导气管接头背离所述导气管的一端均能够在所述导气管移动时采集第一SCR后端的气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述法兰支撑部上设置有第一固定支架和第二固定支架，所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架平行且间隔设置，所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架的平行方向与所述驱动机构的驱动方向垂直，所述驱动机构设置在所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架上，并能够沿垂直于所述第一固定支架和所述第二固定支架的方向驱动所述推挤机构的运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述第一固定支架上设置有第一限位结构，所述第二固定支架上设置有第二限位结构，所述驱动机构在所述第一限位机构和所述第二限位机构所限定的范围内驱动所述推进机构运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述第一限位机构包括第一限位块和第一固定卡片，所述第一限位块设置在所述第一固定支架上，所述第一固定卡片与所述第一限位块连接，所述第一限位块、第一固定卡片和所述第一固定支架围成第一限位孔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述第二限位机构包括第二限位块和第二固定卡片，所述第二限位块设置在所述第二固定支架上，所述第二固定卡片与所述第二限位块连接，所述第二限位块、第二固定卡片和所述第二固定支架围成第二限位孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构包括伺服驱动液压缸。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的多探头采样装置，其特征在于，所述推进机构包括推进法兰。
  8. 一种SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统，其特征在于，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统包括：SCR系统、管路切换装置、气体分析仪、 计算装置和权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的多探头采样装置，
    所述SCR系统包括依次连接的DOC、DPF、混合装置、第一SCR和第二SCR，所述DOC的入口位置设置第一NOx传感器和第一温度传感器，所述第一NOx传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的NOx浓度，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述DOC入口的温度值；
    所述DPF的后端设置第二NOx传感器，所述第二NOx传感器用于检测所述DPF后端的NOx浓度；
    所述混合装置上设置有尿素喷嘴，所述尿素喷嘴的喷嘴计量系统能够获得混合装置内的尿素喷射量；
    所述第一SCR前端设置第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器用于检测所述第一SCR前端的温度值；
    所述第一SCR后端设置所述多探头采样装置，所述多探头采样装置能够采集所述第一SCR后端的气体；
    所述管路切换装置与所述多探头采样装置连接，所述管路切换装置能够控制所述多探头采样装置的气体采集，并能够将所述多探头采样装置采集的气体发送至所述气体分析仪；
    所述气体分析仪能够对所述多探头采样装置采集的气体进行分析，获得第一SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值；
    所述计算装置能够根据所述SCR后端的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到第一SCR前端的NH 3的分布均匀度系数。
  9. 一种应用权利要求8所述的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试系统的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，其特征在于，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法包括：
    在预设的发动机工况下，多探头采样装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的多个测点的气体进行持续时间采集，得到每个测点的气体；
    气体分析仪对每个测点的气体分别进行分析，得到每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
    计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法，其特征在于，所述SCR系统氨气混合均匀度的测试方法还包括在所述计算装置根据多个测点的气体的各组分浓度值计算得到SCR1前端的NH3的分布均匀度系数的步骤前进行的：
    多样采集装置在管路切换装置的控制下对第一SCR后端的至少四个测点的气体重新采集，得到每个测点的气体；
    气体分析仪对重新采集的每个测点气体分别进行分析，得到重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值；
    计算装置将重新采集的每个测点的气体的各组分浓度值与第一次采集到的对应的测点的气体的各组分浓度值进行差值计算；
    若差值在预设误差范围内，则计算装置执行后续步骤。
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