WO2021018998A1

WO2021018998A1 - Method involving introducing a hole into a flat substrate for producing dimensionally stable food containers by means of rotary tools of a punching device

Info

Publication number: WO2021018998A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/071482
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernd Böker; Christoph Wirtz
Original assignee: Sig Technology Ag
Priority date: 2019-07-31
Filing date: 2020-07-30
Publication date: 2021-02-04
Also published as: DE102019211476A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method involving the following method steps: a) providing i) a punching device, having A) a first tool and B) another tool, and ii) a flat substrate with a carrier layer; b) introducing at least one hole into the flat substrate by contacting the flat substrate on opposite sides with i) the first tool and ii) the other tool; and c) extensive overlaying and extensive connecting of the carrier layer on a first side of the carrier layer with a barrier layer, such that the at least one hole in the carrier layer is covered by the barrier layer; characterised in that, with the introducing of the at least one hole in method step b), a. the first tool rotates about a first axis of rotation in a first rotation direction and b. the other tool rotates about another axis of rotation in another rotation direction opposite the first rotation direction. The invention also relates to a flat composite and a container prototype as method products; an assembly for punching a flat substrate; a container prototype and a container with at least one region of said composite; a method and a closed container obtained in this way; and applications of the assembly, a substrate and a rotary punch.

Description

METHOD OF MAKING A HOLE IN A FLAT-SHAPED SUBSTRATE FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF STABLE FOOD CONTAINERS BY MEANS OF ROTATING

TOOLS OF A PUNCHING EQUIPMENT

The present invention relates to a method, including method steps

a) Provide

i) a punching device, including

A) a first tool, and

B) another tool, and

ii) a sheet-like substrate including a carrier layer;

b) at least one hole is made in the sheet-like substrate by means of contacting the sheet-like substrate on opposite sides with i) the first tool and

ii) the further tool; and

c) two-dimensional overlaying and two-dimensional connection of the carrier layer on a first side of the carrier layer with a barrier layer, so that the at least one hole in the carrier layer is covered with the barrier layer;

characterized in that when the at least one hole is made in process step b)

a. the first tool rotates in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation and

b. the further tool rotates around a further axis of rotation in a direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation.

The invention also relates to a sheet-like composite and a container precursor as process products; an arrangement for punching a sheet-like substrate; a container precursor and a container with at least one area of the aforementioned bunds; a method and a closed container obtainable thereby; and uses of the assembly, a substrate and a rotary die cutter.

Food has been preserved for a long time, be it food for human consumption or also animal food products, in which these are stored either in a can or in a jar closed with a lid. Cans and jars have a number of disadvantages. For example, cans and glasses have a considerable weight, which leads to increased energy consumption during transport. In addition, quite a lot of energy is required to produce glass, tinplate or aluminum, even if the raw materials used for this come from recycling. In the case of glasses, there is also an increased transport effort. The glasses are mostly prefabricated in a glassworks and then have to be transported to the food-filling company using considerable transport volumes. In addition, glasses and cans can only be created with considerable effort or with the help of tools and are therefore rather awkward to open. In the case of cans, there is also a high risk of injury from sharp edges that arise when opening. With glasses it happens again and again that when the filled glasses are filled or opened, glass splinters get into the food, which in the worst case can lead to internal injuries when consuming the food. In addition, both cans and glasses must be affixed with labels to identify and advertise the food's contents. The glasses and cans cannot easily be directly printed with information and advertising. In addition to the actual print, a substrate for it, a paper or a suitable film, as well as a fastening means, an adhesive or a sealing means are necessary.

Other packaging systems are known from the prior art, in order to store food for a long period of time with as little damage as possible. These are containers made from sheet-like composites - often also referred to as laminates. Such sheetlike composites are often made up of a thermoplastic plastic layer, a carrier layer usually made of cardboard or paper, which gives the container dimensional stability, an adhesion promoter layer, a barrier layer and another plastic layer, as in WO 90/09926, among others A2 open beard. Since the carrier layer gives the container made of the laminate dimensional stability, these containers, in contrast to foil bags, are to be seen as a further development of the aforementioned glasses and cans. Based on this, the invention relates to the technical field of dimensionally stable food containers. More precisely, the invention relates to the production of a laminate for the production of dimensionally stable food containers and here particularly to the punching of holes in the carrier layer of such a laminate. Such holes are often provided to make it easier to open the finished container. So that the container has sufficient tightness despite the hole in the carrier layer, the hole is covered with the other layers of the laminate as hole cover layers. The container can then often be opened by piercing the hole cover layers with a drinking straw or destroyed with a construction called an opening aid that is connected to the container in the area of the hole. In this case, the formation of a clearly bordered hole, which closes cleanly with a drinking straw or, in the case of a pouring hole, has no polymer beads protruding into the hole or polymer threads spanning the hole, is desirable. If a drinking straw does not close cleanly with the hole, liquid can escape from the side of the drinking straw, which can have unpleasant consequences for the consumer. If a pouring hole has the noses or threads described above, the pouring can be unclean, especially in the case of beverages containing pulp.

The laminates described above are often produced in a continuous process. Here, a punching machine for making the above-discussed holes in the carrier layer is often placed in front of other systems, such as a coating system. As a result, breakdowns of the punching machine due to repair or maintenance work to be carried out have a direct effect on the production rate of the entire manufacturing process. It is therefore particularly desirable to reduce the downtime of the punching machine. As has been shown, in the technical field of the invention, in contrast to other fields, it makes little technical sense to merely modify the punch.

In general, it is an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome a disadvantage arising from the prior art. Another object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable To provide food containers, wherein the method and the arrangement can be operated with lower production downtimes. A reduction in production downtimes is preferably achieved by extending the downtime of a punching machine. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers which can be opened as easily as possible with a drinking straw or an opening aid, or which allow the container to be emptied as cleanly as possible after opening, or both. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers which are distinguished by the longest possible shelf life. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and an arrangement for making a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers, the process and the arrangement showing at least one of the above advantages even with laminates for food containers with the largest possible pouring holes. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a dimensionally stable food container which is formed at least partially from a laminate and which has one or more of the aforementioned advantages of food containers.

A contribution to the at least partial fulfillment of at least one, preferably several, of the above tasks is made by the independent claims. The dependent claims provide preferred embodiments which contribute to at least partially fulfilling at least one of the tasks.

Embodiment 1 of a method 1, including method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention

a) Provide

i) a punching device, including

A) a first tool, and

B) another tool, and

ii) a sheet-like substrate including a carrier layer;

b) Introducing at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate by means of Kontak animals with the sheet-like substrate on opposite sides i) the first tool and

ii) the further tool; and

characterized in that when the at least one hole is made in process step b)

In general, the process steps specified herein are performed in the order of their bullet points. Successive process steps can take place one after the other, at the same time or with a temporal overlap.

The first tool and the further tool preferably work together to produce the at least one hole in method step b). The interaction of the further tool with the first tool preferably includes exerting a first force on the sheet-like substrate by the first tool and exerting a further force opposing the first force on the sheet-like substrate by the further tool. In this case, the further force is preferably a counterforce to the first force. The first force and the further force are preferably equal. The at least one hole is introduced in method step b) preferably as a punching.

The further tool is preferably arranged and designed as a counter-tool to the first tool. Here, the further tool can be arranged and formed as an external tool, into which the first tool engages to introduce the at least one hole. Alternatively, as a counter-tool to the first tool, the further tool can contain a counter-pressure surface for the first tool. In any case, a counter-tool is arranged and designed in such a way that it can be used in method step b) for introducing the at least one hole interacts with the first tool, in particular the first tool and the further tool act as a counter-tool in method step b) for making the at least one hole on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate. Here, the first tool and the further tool preferably exert opposing forces on the sheet-like substrate. The introduction of the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate in method step b) preferably includes contacting the sheet-like substrate with the first tool, preferably with the stamp, on one side of the sheet-like substrate that lies on the first side of the carrier layer. The aforementioned side of the sheet-like substrate is preferably the first side of the carrier layer. The aforementioned side of the sheet-like substrate is also referred to as the inner side. Correspondingly, the first side of the carrier layer is also referred to as the inside thereof. The at least one hole is preferably made in process step b) by punching in the direction from the inside of the sheet-like substrate to its opposite outside.

The planar overlaying and planar connection of the carrier layer with the barrier layer is preferably carried out as lamination, for example in the case of a metal foil or a polymer film coating with an oxide as the barrier layer, or in the case of a polymer layer such as a polyamide layer as the barrier layer, preferably as an extrusion coating. In the case of lamination, an intermediate polymer composition, preferably alternatively or additionally an adhesion promoter composition, is preferably used as the lamination agent. A polymer intermediate layer between the carrier layer and the barrier layer is preferably obtained from the polymer intermediate composition. An adhesion promoter layer is preferably obtained from the adhesion promoter composition, preferably between the carrier layer or the polymer interlayer on the one hand and the barrier layer on the other hand. A preferred extrusion coating takes place by means of melt layer extrusion, in particular as opposed to blow extrusion.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1, wherein the introduction of the at least one hole in the method step b) includes a separation of at least one punched slug from the sheet-like substrate. hold, wherein the separation takes place along a first punch line of the first tool or a white direct punch line of the further tool or along both. Furthermore, the separation is preferably carried out by cutting along the first punch line or the further punch line or along both. A preferred cutting is a shear cutting. Here, the shear cutting does not necessarily require the use of one or more cutting edges. Rather, two edges can also shear against each other for shearing. However, cutting without Sche ren is preferably carried out with a cutting edge. In this case, the first tool preferably contains a cutting edge and the further tool contains a counter-pressure surface for the cutting edge. The first cutting line is preferably a first edge or is comprised of a first edge or includes a first cutting edge or a first cutting edge. The further punch line is preferably comprised of a further edge or of a further edge or contains a further cutting edge or of a further cutting edge. The first cutting edge or the further cutting edge or each of the two is preferably a rotary cutting edge. The at least one punching slug preferably has a diameter in a range from 1 to 40 mm, preferably from 2 to 35 mm, more preferably from 3 to 30 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the punching slug has a diameter in a range from 2 to 20 mm, more preferably from 3 to 15 mm, more preferably from 3 to 10 mm, even more preferably from 3 to 8 mm. In a further preferred embodiment, the punching slug has a diameter in a range from 5 to 40 mm, preferably from 10 to 35 mm, more preferably from 15 to 35 mm, even more preferably from 15 to 30 mm. In the case of a non-circular punched slug, its diameter is the distance between two points lying on one side of the punched slug along a straight line through the geometric center of a face of the punched slug that forms this side of the punched slug. In the case of an oval punched slug, its diameter is the distance between two points lying on one side of the punched slug, the maximum distance between it.

In an inventive embodiment 3, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the introduction of the at least one hole in process step b) includes shearing a first punch line of the first tool against a further punch line of the further tool, preferably thereby he follows. The at least one hole is brought in here, preferably by shear cutting. As already described above, the shear cutting does not require the use of a cutting edge. Here includes introducing the at least one hole in method step b) separating at least one punched socket from the sheet-like substrate, the separation taking place along the first punching line and the further punching line. For this purpose, areas of the first and the further cutting lines preferably shear past one another, one after the other.

In an embodiment 4 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the first tool includes a punch, preferably a punch, the further tool being a die which is arranged and designed as a counter tool to the punch, includes, is preferred. A preferred stamp includes the first die line. A preferred die never contains the further punch line. Here, the further punch line preferably delimits an opening or a recess in the die.

In an embodiment 5 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the first tool includes a first edge, the further tool includes a further edge, the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) a shearing the first edge against the further edge, preferably takes place thereby, wherein an edge is defined as a line-shaped area of a body, two surfaces of a surface of the body adjoining one another along the line-shaped area, so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle, wherein the first edge or the further edge or both each have a minimum edge angle in a range from 10 to 150 °, preferably from 20 to 140 °, preferably from 30 to 130 °, more preferably from 40 to 120 °, more preferably from 50 to 120 °, more preferably from 60 to 110 °, more preferably from 70 to 100 °, even more preferably from 80 to 100 ° before zugtesten from 80 to 90 °, especially for the further edge, or from 85 to 95 °, especially re for the first edge.

In an embodiment 6 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 5, the first punch line being a closed punch line. In an embodiment 7 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 6, the further punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 8 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, with neither the first tool nor the further tool having a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, more preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

In an embodiment 9 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein neither the first tool nor the further tool contains a cutting edge.

In an embodiment 10 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 9, the first punching line having a first curvature along the first direction of rotation. This configuration of the first tool helps, especially when punching larger holes, to avoid tilting of the first tool when shearing against the other tool, in particular when engaging the other tool. This makes it possible to reduce wear on the first and the further tool.

In an embodiment 11 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 10, the first curvature defining a first cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 12 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 10 or 11, the first curvature having a first radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The first Zylin dermantelfläche preferably has the first radius of curvature as the cylinder radius. In an embodiment 13 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 12, the further punching line having a further curvature along the further direction of rotation. This configuration of the further tool further helps, in particular when punching larger holes, to avoid tilting of the first tool when shearing against the further tool, in particular when reaching into the further tool. As a result, wear of the first and the further tool can be further reduced.

In an embodiment 14 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 13, the further curvature defining a further cylinder jacket surface.

In one embodiment 15 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 13 or 14, the further curvature having a further radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The further cylinder jacket surface preferably has the further radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In one embodiment 16 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 15, wherein when the first punch line is sheared against the additional punch line, a punch gap between the first punch line and the additional punch line is less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm , most preferably less than 100 µm, wide. Here, areas of the first and the further punching lines can shear past one another one after the other. The punching gap is the gap between the areas of the first and the further punching line that are just shearing past each other. If a width of the punching gap is not constant during shearing, the punching gap is preferably a maximum of less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm, most preferably less than 100 μm wide. Particularly before given, the first punch line and the further punch line touch each other in the scissors.

In an embodiment 17 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 16, the first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation being at a distance D, wherein in method step b) A. the first punch line describes a first flight circle with a first radius, and

B. the other punch line writes another flight circle with a wider radius be,

where a sum of the first radius and the further radius is more than the distance D.

In an embodiment 18 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 17, the sum of the first radius and the further radius by 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm , preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm, is more than the distance D.

In one embodiment 19 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) including the engagement of the first tool as an inner tool in the further tool as an outer tool.

In one embodiment 20 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 19, the first tool being of cylindrical design, the first punching line being arranged on a cylindrical surface of the first tool. As an alternative or in addition, the further tool is preferably of cylindrical design, the further punching line also preferably being arranged on a cylinder jacket surface of the further tool.

In an embodiment 21 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the punching device additionally includes a first shaft or first axis, wherein the first tool is connected to the first shaft or first axis, preferably rigidly, the first Shaft or first axis in the procedural step b) rotates in the first direction of rotation about the first axis of rotation. In the case of the first shaft, the punching device preferably additionally contains a drive device which is arranged and designed to rotate the first shaft. A preferred drive device includes a motor. As an alternative or in addition, the punching device preferably also includes a further shaft or further axis, the further Tool with the further shaft or further axis, preferably rigidly, is connected, the further shaft or further axis rotating in the further direction of rotation about the further axis of rotation in method step b). In the case of the further shaft, the Stan z device preferably also includes a drive device which is arranged and designed to rotate the first shaft. A preferred drive device includes a motor.

In one embodiment 22 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein in method step b) at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like substrate that is contacted with the first tool and the further tool on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate , a speed in a range from 100 to 1000 m / min, preferably from 200 to 1000 m / min, more preferably from 300 to 1000 m / min, more preferably from 400 to 900 m / min, most preferably from 500 to 800 m / min , Has. Here, the at least one area of the sheet-like substrate moves preferably at said speed in a processing direction that is perpendicular to a first direction in which the first axis of rotation is elongated, or to a further direction in which the further axis of rotation is elongated, or to both is. The sheet-like substrate is preferably moved at the aforementioned speed and also preferably in the aforementioned direction by the first and the further tool, or by a transport device, or by a combination of both.

In an embodiment 23 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer preferably comprising at least two, preferably at least three, sublayers superimposed on each other and connected to each other over a large area. A preferred sub-layer consists of a fiber-containing material. Another preferred sub-layer is a top layer.

In an embodiment 24 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, most preferably exactly three, sub-layers ten each made of a fibrous material. Here, the fiber-containing materials of the various sub-layers can differ from one another, for example with regard to the length of the fibers or with regard to other components contained in the respective layer, such as one or more sizing agents. The carrier layer preferably also contains at least one cover layer as an additional sub-layer. Preferably, the sub-layers made of fiber-containing material form a layer composite which is overlaid with at least one cover layer on one or both sides. A fiber orientation of the fiber-containing material is preferably anisotropic. The fiber alignment preferably has a preferred direction.

In one embodiment according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer being one selected from the group consisting of a cardboard layer, a paper layer and a cardboard layer, or a combination of at least two thereof.

In an embodiment 26 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the carrier layer has a basis weight in a range from 120 to 450 g / m ² , preferably from 130 to 400 g / m ² , more preferably from 150 to 380 g / m ² , has.

In an embodiment 27 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer being a solid layer. A solid layer is to be distinguished in particular from a layer with macroscopic cavities, such as, for example, corrugated cardboard for folding boxes or folding cartons.

In an embodiment 28 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a Scott bond value in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 350 J / m ² , more preferably from 135 to 310 J / m ² . In an embodiment 29 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its previous embodiments, the carrier layer having a first bending resistance in a first bending direction in a range from 60 to 450 mN, more preferably from 70 to 400 mN, more preferably from 80 to 350 mN , more preferably from 100 to 350 mN, most preferably from 120 to 350 mN. Alternatively, the first bending resistance is preferably in a range from 50 to 400 mN, preferably from 50 to 300 mN, more preferably from 50 to 200 mN, more preferably from 60 to 180 mN, more preferably from 70 to 170 mN, most preferably from 70 to 100 mN .

In an embodiment 30 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and a further bending resistance in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, the further bending resistance being less as the first bending resistance, preferably by at least 10 mN, more preferably at least 20 mN, more preferably at least 30 mN, more preferably at least 40 mN, more preferably at least 50 mN, more preferably at least 60 mN, more preferably at least 70 mN, preferably ter at least 80 mN, more preferably at least 90 mN, more preferably at least 100 mN, most preferably at least 150 mN.

In an embodiment 31 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and a further bending resistance in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, with a ratio of the first bending resistance to the further bending resistance in a range from 1 to 3.5, preferably from 1.2 to 3.0, more preferably from 1.5 to 2.8, even more preferably from 1.7 to 2.6, most preferably from 1 , 8 to 2.5.

In an embodiment 32 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 29 to 31, the carrier layer having a further bending resistance in a range from 20 to 400 mN, preferably from 20 to 300 mN, more preferably from 20 to 250 mN, more preferably from 20 to 200 mN, more preferably from 20 to 180 mN, more preferably from 20 to 160 mN, even more preferably from 40 to 160 mN, most preferably from 60 to 160 mN. Alternatively, the further bending resistance is preferably in a range from 20 to 150 mN, preferably from 20 to 120 mN, most preferably from 20 to 100 mN. The further bending direction is preferably perpendicular to the first bending direction.

In an embodiment 33 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the sheet-like substrate in method step a) including a paint application overlying the carrier layer and connected to it. The application of paint preferably overlays the carrier layer on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side.

In one embodiment 34 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 32, the method according to method step b), preferably after method step c), more preferably in method step e), overlaying and connecting the carrier layer one application of paint. The superimposition and connection of the carrier layer with the application of paint is preferably carried out as printing. Before given, the carrier layer is superimposed and connected to the paint application on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side. A preferred printing takes place as deep pressing.

In an embodiment 35 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, with an additional polymer interlayer being introduced between the carrier layer and the barrier layer when the carrier layer is superimposed and connected to the barrier layer in process step c). The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the intermediate polymer layer when the latter is introduced.

In an embodiment 36 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method additionally stepping a method a) areal superimposition and areal connection of the carrier layer on the first side with an inner polymer layer

includes. The areal superimposition and areal connection with the polymer inner layer is preferably carried out on the barrier layer, which is preferably but not necessarily already superimposed on the carrier layer, on a side of the barrier layer facing away from the carrier layer. Alternatively, the barrier layer can first be overlaid and connected to the polymer inner layer and then the barrier layer and the polymer inner layer can be overlaid together on the carrier layer and connected to it. The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the above sheet-like superimposition and sheet-like connection with the polymer inner layer.

In an embodiment 37 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method after method step b) additionally including a flat superimposition and flat connection of the carrier layer on a further side opposite the first side with a polymer outer layer. The planar overlaying and planar connection with the polymer outer layer takes place preferably before process step c), furthermore preferably before the printing with the paint application. The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the polymer outer layer during the above superposition.

In an embodiment 38 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein in method step b) the contacting of the sheet-like substrate with the first tool on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side or on the first side the carrier layer takes place. In method step b), the sheet-like substrate is preferably contacted with the further tool on the first side or on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side.

In an embodiment 39 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method being a method for producing a sheet-like composite. The sheet-like composite includes the above described layers preferably as superimposed layers of a layer sequence. Here, the layers of the layer sequence are flatly connected to one another.

In an embodiment 40 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 38, wherein a sheet-like composite is obtained from the sheet-like substrate, including the carrier layer and the barrier layer as superimposed layers of a layer sequence Process according to process step c) additional process steps

A) folding at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite; and

B) contacting and connecting a first longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area with a further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area lying opposite the first longitudinal edge while maintaining a longitudinal seam. The at least one flat area preferably contains the at least one hole.

In an embodiment 41 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 38, the method being a method for producing a container precursor.

Embodiment 1 of a sheet-like composite, obtainable by method 1 according to one of its embodiments 1 to 39, contributes to fulfilling at least one of the objects according to the invention. The sheet-like composite includes the sheet-like substrate with the at least one hole. Furthermore, the sheet-like composite contains the barrier layer, which overlies the carrier layer and covers the at least one hole. The sheet-like composite preferably contains the sheet-like substrate and the barrier layer as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside to an inside of the sheet-like composite; more preferably the sheet-like substrate, the barrier layer and the polymer inner layer; more preferably the outer polymer layer, the sheet-like substrate, the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer; most preferred the outer polymer layer, the sheet-like substrate, the intermediate polymer layer and / or an adhesion promoter layer, the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer.

Embodiment 1 of a container precursor 1, obtainable by method 1 according to its embodiment 40 or 41, contributes to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

Embodiment 1 of an arrangement, including as components, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention

a) a punching device including

i) a first tool, and

ii) another tool; and

b) a sheet-like substrate containing a carrier layer containing a fiber-containing material;

wherein at least one flat area of the flat substrate is arranged between the first tool and the further tool; wherein the first tool and the further tool for making at least one hole in the sheet-like area by contacting the sheet-like area on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate with the first tool and the further tool are arranged and designed;

characterized in that

a. the first tool is arranged and designed to be rotatable in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation,

b. the further tool is arranged and designed so as to be rotatable about a further axis of rotation in a further direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation.

In a preferred embodiment, the punching device has the features of the punching device of method 1 according to one of its embodiments.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 1, the punching device being a rotary punch. In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first tool includes a first punch line or the further tool includes a further punch line or both, so that the introduction of at least one hole by means of a separation, preferably through at least one punched socket can be separated from the sheet-like area along the first punched line or the further punched line or along both.

In embodiment 4 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 3, the first tool including a first punch line and the further tool including a further punch line, so that at least one hole can be made by means of shearing, preferably through a Shearing, the first punch line can be done against the other punch line.

In an embodiment 5 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 4, the first tool including a punch, preferably a punch, the further tool being a die which is arranged and designed as a counter-tool to the punch, includes, is preferred. Preferably, the first and the further axis of rotation, as well as the die and the punch, are arranged and designed so that by rotating the punch around the first axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation and rotating the die around the other axis of rotation in the further direction of rotation, the punch brought into engagement with the die and so the at least one hole can be punched into the sheet-like substrate.

In an embodiment 6 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 5, the first tool including a first edge and the further tool including a further edge, so that at least one hole can be made by means of shearing, preferably by shearing , the first edge can take place against the further edge, wherein one edge is defined as a line-shaped area of a body, two areas of a surface of the body along the line-shaped area adjoin one another so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle, the first edge or the further edge or both each having a minimum edge angle in a range from 10 to 150 °, preferably from 20 to 140 °, more preferably from 30 to 130 °, more preferred from 40 to 120 °, more preferably from 50 to 120 °, more preferably from 60 to 110 °, more preferably from 70 to 100 °, even more preferably from 80 to 100 °, most preferably from 80 to 90 ° or from 85 to 95 ° .

In an embodiment 7 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 6, the first punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 8 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 7, the further punch line being a closed punch line.

In an inventive embodiment 9, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 8, with neither the first tool nor the further tool having a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, more preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

In an embodiment 10 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 9, with neither the first tool nor the further tool including a cutting edge.

In an embodiment 11 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 10, the first punching line having a first curvature along the first direction of rotation.

In an embodiment 12 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment form 11, the first curvature defining a first cylinder jacket surface. In an embodiment 13 according to the invention, the arrangement is configured according to its embodiment 11 or 12, the first curvature having a first radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The first cylinder jacket surface preferably has the first radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 14 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 13, the further punching line having a further curvature along the further direction of rotation.

In an embodiment 15 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment form 14, the further curvature defining a further cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 16 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 14 or 15, the further curvature having a further radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The further Zylin dermantelfläche preferably has the further radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 17 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 4 to 16, the first tool and the further tool being arranged and designed in such a way that the shearing of the first punch line against the further punch line for making the at least one hole with a The punch gap between the first punch line and the further punch line of less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm, most preferably less than 100 μm, can take place.

In an embodiment 18 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 17, the first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation being at a distance D, the first punch line having a first flight circle with a first radius, the further punch line has a further flight circle with a further radius, where a sum of the first radius and the further radius is more than the distance D. In one embodiment 19 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 18, the sum of the first radius and the further radius by 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm, more than the distance D.

In an embodiment 20 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 19, the first tool and the further tool being arranged and designed so that the at least one hole is made by engaging, preferably by engaging, the first Tool as an inner tool in the further tool can be done as an outer tool.

In one embodiment 21 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 20, the first tool being cylindrical, the first punching line being arranged on a cylindrical surface of the first tool. As an alternative or in addition, the further tool is preferably designed in the shape of a cylinder, with the further punching line also preferably being arranged on a cylinder jacket surface of the further tool.

In an embodiment 22 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 21, the punching device additionally including a first shaft or first axis, the first tool being connected to the first shaft or first axis, preferably rigidly, with the first shaft or first axis is arranged and designed to be rotatable about the first rotational axis in the first direction of rotation. Alternatively or additionally, the punching device preferably additionally includes a further shaft or further axis, the further tool being connected to the further shaft or further axis, preferably rigidly, with the further shaft or further axis about the further axis of rotation in the further direction of rotation is rotatably arranged and designed.

In an embodiment 23 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 22, the carrier layer having the features of the carrier layer according to one of the embodiments of the method 1 according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement additionally includes a transport device, the transport device being arranged and designed to transport the sheet-like substrate in a processing direction. The transport direction preferably includes an unrolling device or a rolling-up device or both in the processing direction one after the other in the above order. A preferred unrolling device is arranged and designed for at least partial unrolling of the sheet-like substrate rolled up into a roll. Here, the unrolling device is preferably arranged in front of the punching device in the processing direction. A preferred roll-up device is arranged and designed for rolling up the punched sheet-like substrate or a sheet-like composite containing the punched sheet-like substrate. Here, the roll-up device is preferably arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably also after the coating device. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the transport device contains a roller conveyor or a belt conveyor or both.

In an embodiment 24 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 23, with a processing direction running parallel to the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a printing device, wherein the printing device is arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably after the coating device, wherein the printing device is arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer with an application of paint. A preferred superimposing and joining of the carrier layer with the paint application is printing. The printing device and the carrier layer are preferably arranged and formed on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side for superimposing and connecting the carrier layer with the paint application. A preferred printing device is a printing machine. A preferred printing machine is a gravure printing machine or a flexographic printing machine. In an embodiment 25 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 24, wherein a processing direction runs parallel to the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a coating device, wherein the coating device is arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, wherein the coating device is arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer on a first side with a barrier layer and thereby cover the at least one hole. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement, the coating device is arranged in the processing direction after the printing device or in front of the printing device.

In one embodiment 26 according to the invention, the arrangement is configured according to its embodiment 25, the coating device also being arranged and designed to introduce a polymer intermediate layer between the barrier layer and the carrier layer during the two-dimensional superimposition and surface connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer intermediate layer when it is introduced.

In an embodiment 27 according to the invention, the arrangement is configured according to its embodiment 25 or 26, the coating device also being arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer on the first side with a polymer inner layer. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement, the coating device is arranged and designed in such a way that the two-dimensional superimposing and two-dimensional connection with the inner polymer layer can take place downstream, overlapping in time, or at the same time as the two-dimensional superimposing and two-dimensional connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer inner layer during the two-dimensional overlapping and two-dimensional connection with the latter. In an embodiment 28 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 25 to 27, the coating device also being arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer on a further side opposite the first side with a polymer outer layer. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement, the coating device is arranged and designed in such a way that the areal superimposition and areal connection with the polymer outer layer can take place before, temporally overlapping, or at the same time as the areal superimposition and areal connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer outer layer during the planar superposition and planar connection with the latter.

In an embodiment 29 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 25 to 28, the coating device including an extruder. A preferred extruder includes a pressing device and a nozzle, the pressing device being arranged and designed to press a polymer melt through the nozzle. A preferred pressing device is an extruder piston or an extruder screw. A particularly preferred coating system is a layer extrusion system for melt coating, in particular in contrast to a blow extrusion system.

In an embodiment 30 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 29, the sheet-like substrate being arranged in such a way that in the at least one sheet-like area a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side or the first side of the carrier layer is turned towards the first tool. The sheet-like substrate is preferably arranged such that in the at least one sheet-like area the first side of the carrier layer or a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side faces the further tool.

In an embodiment 31 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 30, with a processing direction coincident with the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and runs through the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a longitudinal seam formation device, the longitudinal seam formation device being arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably after the printing device, alternatively or in addition to the above, preferably after the coating device, the longitudinal seam formation device being a Folding device and a connecting device includes, wherein the folding device is arranged and designed to fold at least one sheet-like area of a sheet-like composite obtained from the sheet-like substrate, wherein the connecting device is designed to contact and connect a first longitudinal edge of the at least sheet-like area with one of the first longitudinal edge opposite further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional Be rich is arranged and formed while maintaining a longitudinal seam.

An embodiment 1 of a container precursor 2, comprising at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite according to the invention, the at least one sheet-like area containing the at least one hole, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

In one embodiment 2 according to the invention, the container precursor 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the at least one flat area having at least 2, more preferably at least 4, folds.

In embodiment 3 according to the invention, the container precursor 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like substrate including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container precursor is.

Embodiment 1 of a preferably closed container, containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite according to the invention, wherein the at least one sheet-like area contains the at least one hole, contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects of the invention. In embodiment 2 according to the invention, the container is designed according to its embodiment 1, the at least one flat area including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container.

In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the container is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the container containing a food.

An embodiment 1 of a method 2, including method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention

A] Provision of the container precursor 1 or 2, each according to one of its embodiments;

B] shaping a bottom area of the container precursor by folding the at least one flat area;

C] closing the bottom area;

D] filling the container precursor with a food; and

E] Closing the container precursor in a head area to obtain a closed container.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the method 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the method being a method for producing a closed container.

In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the method 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the method having a method step

F] Connecting the closed container to an opening aid

includes. In method step F), the at least one hole is preferably covered at least partially with the opening aid. Embodiment 1 of a closed container, obtainable by method 2 according to one of its embodiments, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the closed container has the features of the container according to the invention according to one of its embodiments.

An embodiment 1 of a use 1 of the arrangement according to one of its embodiments for punching the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

An embodiment 1 of a use 2 of a sheet-like substrate, including a cardboard layer, as the sheet-like substrate of the method 1 according to one of its execution forms a contribution to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects of the invention.

An embodiment 1 of a use 3 of a rotary punch for making at least one hole in a sheet-like substrate, including a carrier layer, for producing a food container contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects of the invention.

In one embodiment 2 according to the invention, the use 3 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the at least one hole being made by cutting using a shear.

Features which are described as preferred in a category according to the invention, for example according to method 1 of the invention, are also preferred in an embodiment of the further categories according to the invention, for example an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention or one of uses 1 to 3.

Punching

A cutting process is referred to as punching in which a sheet-like substrate min- at least one hole is introduced, with at least one punching slug being cut out of the sheet-like substrate by means of a punching movement for introducing the at least one hole. Here, a shape of the punched socket is predetermined by the at least one tool, preferably by a punching line of the at least one tool. The punch line of a tool is precisely the linear area of the tool which defines the shape of the punch socket. Here, the shape of the punch can be specified by the punch line of a tool alone, which can be the case, for example, in the case of a tool with a cutting edge, but the shape of the punch can also be predetermined by the punch lines of several tools together, which was for example in the The case of punching by shearing the edges of two tools against each other can be the case. In the above-mentioned case of the cutting edge, the punching line is precisely the linear area in which the surfaces of the cutting edge which include the blade angle of the cutting edge converge. In the aforementioned case of two edges, the punching lines are precisely the sections of the two edges that separate the punching slug from the sheet-like substrate through their shear movement. The punching slug is generally the material positive to the immaterial hole. In other words, the hole is precisely the absence of the punched socket in the sheet-like substrate.

For punching the at least one hole, the punching device includes the first tool and the further tool. Each tool can be designed in one piece. In particular, the first tool can be designed in one piece with a punch. Furthermore, the further tool can be designed in one piece with a die or as a counter-punching cylinder which contains a counter-pressure surface for the punch of the first tool. Before given to the first tool, however, includes a first carrier that carries the punch. The stamp is preferably received in a receptacle of the first carrier. Furthermore, the stamp is preferably fixed to the first carrier, preferably by means of at least one fastening means. The further tool preferably contains a further carrier which carries a die. The die is preferably accommodated in a receptacle of the further carrier. Furthermore, the die is preferably fixed to the further carrier, preferably by means of at least one fastening means. The first tool can be arranged in the punching device as an upper tool or as a lower tool for the further tool. Punching device

In principle, any device that appears suitable to the person skilled in the art for punching the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate can be considered as the punching device. A preferred punching device is a punch, also called a punching machine, or a punching unit. A particularly preferred punch is a rotary punch and a particularly preferred punching unit is a rotary punching unit. Here, the rotary punch is basically to be distinguished from a linear punch, also called a lifting punch, such as a flat-bed punch. With a linear punch or a stroke punch, the punching movement is a straight punching stroke of one tool against another. In the case of rotary punching, the punching movement takes place as mutually opposite rotational movements of two tools around different rotational axes from one another, with the two rotational axes and the two tools being arranged so that the tools interact at one point of their rotation to form the punching. A rotary punch and a rotary punching unit preferably includes a rotatably mounted first punching cylinder and a further rotatably mounted punching cylinder. The first punching cylinder preferably carries the first tool. The further punching cylinder preferably carries the further tool. Another preferred rotary punch and a further preferred rotary punching unit preferably includes a rotating bar mounted punching cylinder and a likewise rotatably mounted counter-punching cylinder. In this case, the punching cylinder preferably carries the first tool and the counter-punching cylinder is the further tool. Here, a cylinder jacket surface of the counter-punching cylinder is arranged and designed as a counter-pressure surface for the first tool before given. In this case, the first tool preferably includes a cutting edge.

Punch and die

The punch and the die of a punching device preferred according to the invention are designed and arranged as counterparts. In this case, the die preferably contains an outer shape, for which the punch contains the matching inner shape. For this purpose, the die preferably contains a through hole or a recess into which at least a part of the punch fits in a shear. An edge of the through hole or the recess of the die is preferably defined by an edge. Furthermore, the stamp preferably includes an edge. The punch and the die are preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the punching, that is to say the introduction of the at least one hole into the sheet-like substrate, can take place by means of shearing an edge of the punch with an edge of the die. Here, the punch preferably engages in the die in such a way that the edge of the punch is inserted into the through hole or the recess of the die. The edge of the stamp preferably, but not necessarily, forms a closed curve.

Edge

An edge is here a line-shaped area of a body, with two surfaces of a surface of the body adjoining one another along the edge, so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle. The first and further tools, in particular the punch and the die, come into consideration here as the above body.

Accordingly, the first tool preferably contains a first edge and the further tool preferably contains a further edge, the introduction of the at least one hole including shearing of the first edge against the further edge, preferably taking place thereby. The first edge is preferably an edge of a stamp. The further edge is preferably an edge of a die. The first edge preferably has the shape of at least a part of a circumference, preferably the entire circumference, of the at least one hole. Furthermore, the further edge preferably has the shape of at least part of a circumference, more preferably the entire circumference, of the at least one hole. The portion of the first edge that has the shape of at least part of the circumference of the at least one hole is the first punch line of the first tool. The section of the further edge which has the shape of at least part of the circumference of the at least one hole is the further punch line of the further tool.

The edge angle here is preferably for the first tool or the further tool or particularly preferably for both at least 5 °, more preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 20 °, more preferably at least 30 °, more preferably at least 40 °, more preferably at least 50 °, more preferably at least 60 °, more preferably at least 70 °, even more preferably at least 80 °. A particularly preferred edge angle is in a range from 40 to 140 °, more preferably from 50 to 130 °, more preferably from 60 to 120 °, more preferably from 70 to 110 °, still more preferably from 80 to 100 °, most preferably from 80 to 90 °, in particular for the further edge, or from 85 to 95 °, in particular for the first edge.

Cutting edge

A preferred first tool does not include a cutting edge. Furthermore, the further tool preferably does not contain a cutting edge. Here, a cutting edge is a facet (bevel) ground to a cutting edge. A cutting edge can be ground on one or both sides. Along the cutting edge, areas of a surface adjoin one another, which include a so-called blade angle. The aforementioned surfaces do not belong to the cutting edge and are therefore not ground. A preferred first tool, in particular a preferred punch, does not have a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

Axis of rotation

The first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation are not components here, but imaginary straight lines in space that are defined by a rotational movement. The first axis of rotation is thus defined in that the first tool rotates in the first direction of rotation about the first axis of rotation and / or is arranged and designed to be rotatable. Analogously to this, the further axis of rotation is defined in that the further tool rotates in the further direction of rotation about the further axis of rotation and / or is arranged and designed to be rotatable.

Flat substrate

All sheet-like materials that are conceivable within the scope of the invention and appear suitable to the person skilled in the art for the production of dimensionally stable food containers for the production of dimensionally stable foodstuffs can be used as sheet-like substrate. The sheet-like substrate contains a carrier layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier layer is superimposed on one side with an application of paint, preferably printed. The sheet-like substrate preferably consists of the carrier layer and the Paint application. In another preferred embodiment, the sheet-like substrate consists of the carrier layer.

Flat composite

All sheet-like composite materials with several layers which are conceivable within the scope of the invention and appear suitable for the use according to the invention for the production of dimensionally stable food containers are suitable as sheet-like composite. Flat composites for the production of food containers are also referred to as laminates. Such sheet-like composites have a sequence of layers superimposed on one another in sheet-like fashion. Often the flat-shaped composites are made up of a thermoplastic polymer layer, which is referred to herein as the polymer outer layer, a carrier layer usually consisting of cardboard or paper, which gives the container its dimensional stability, a thermoplastic polymer layer, which is referred to herein as the polymer intermediate layer and / or a Adhesion promoter layer, a barrier layer and a further thermoplastic polymer layer, which is referred to herein as the polymer inner layer, as disclosed, inter alia, in WO 90/09926 A2. The layers of the sheet-like composite that form the layer sequence are preferably connected to one another over a large area. Two layers are bound together if their adhesion to one another exceeds van der Waals forces of attraction. Layers connected to one another are preferably one selected from the group consisting of sealed with one another, glued to one another, and pressed together, or a combination of at least two thereof. Unless stated otherwise, the layers in a layer sequence can follow one another indirectly, that is to say with one or at least two intermediate layers, or directly, that is to say without an intermediate layer. This is particularly the case with the formulation in which one layer is superimposed on another layer. A formulation in which a layer sequence contains enumerated layers means that at least the specified layers are present in the specified order. This formulation does not necessarily mean that these layers immediately follow one another. A formulation in which two layers adjoin one another means that these two layers follow one another directly and therefore without an intermediate layer. However, this formulation does not say anything about whether the two layers are connected to one another or not. Rather, these two can Layers to be in contact with each other. However, these two layers are preferably connected to one another.

Outside

The outside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite which is intended to be in contact with the surroundings of the container in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite. This is not opposed by the fact that in individual areas of the container the outside of different areas of the composite are folded onto one another or connected to one another, for example sealed onto one another. The outside of a layer of the sheet-like composite or of the sheet-like substrate is a side which, in the sheet-like composite, is the outside of the sheet-like composite or faces it. According to the invention, the at least one hole is preferably made by punching in the direction from the inside of the flat substrate to the outside thereof.

inside

The inside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite, which is intended to be in contact with the contents of the container, preferably a food, in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite. The other side of the carrier layer faces the inside in the planar composite. The inside of a layer of the sheet-like composite or of the sheet-like substrate is a side which, in the sheet-like composite, is the inside of the sheet-like composite or faces it. In the sheet-like composite, the first side of the carrier layer faces its inside, that is to say it is the inside of the carrier layer.

hole

The at least one hole is at least one through hole which penetrates at least the carrier layer of the sheet-like substrate, preferably the entire sheet-like substrate. The at least one hole can be any known to the person skilled in the art and for a removal of a food from a dimensionally stable food container, which at least is partially formed from a sheet-like composite, have a suitable shape. The shape is preferably suitable for use with an opening aid or a drinking straw. Often such holes have rounded shapes when viewed from above. The holes can thus be essentially circular, oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. With the shape of the at least one hole, the shape of the opening, which is produced either by an opening aid connected to the container or by a drinking straw in the container, is usually also predetermined. The openings of the opened container thus often have shapes that are comparable or even identical to the at least one hole. The at least one hole therefore preferably serves to facilitate opening of a container formed at least partially from a sheet-like composite containing a region of the sheet-like substrate. The opening of the container thereby generated can serve to release the food in the container or, in the case of several holes in the area of the sheet-like substrate, to ventilate the container when the food is released.

The layers covering the at least one hole are summarized herein under the term “hole cover layers”. In connection with covering the at least one hole, it is preferred that the hole cover layers are at least partially, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 90% of the area formed by the at least one hole connected to one another . It is also preferred that the hole cover layers are connected to one another at the edges of the at least one hole and, preferably connected, lie against the edges in order to achieve an improved tightness via a connection extending over the entire hole surface. Often the hole cover layers are connected to one another via the area formed by the at least one hole. This leads to good tightness of the container formed from the composite and thus to the desired long shelf life of the food stored in the container.

Carrier layer

Any material that appears suitable for this purpose to a person skilled in the art can be used as the carrier layer, which material has sufficient strength and rigidity to give the container sufficient stability that the container can maintain its shape when filled. essential. This is in particular a necessary feature of the carrier layer, since the invention relates to the technical field of dimensionally stable containers. Such dimensionally stable containers are basically to be distinguished from bags and sacks, which are usually made of thin films. In addition to a number of plastics, fiber materials based on plants, in particular cellulose, preferably glued, bleached and / or unbleached cellulose are preferred, paper and cardboard being particularly preferred. A particularly preferred carrier layer is a cardboard layer. Accordingly, a preferred carrier layer contains a multiplicity of fibers. The basis weight of the carrier layer is preferably in a range from 120 to 450 g / m ² , particularly preferably in a range from 130 to 400 g / m ² and most preferably in a range from 150 to 380 g / m ² . A preferred cardboard box usually has a single or multilayer structure and can be coated on one or both sides with one or more cover layers. Furthermore, a preferred cardboard box has a residual moisture content of less than 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight and particularly preferably from 4 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the cardboard. A particularly preferred cardboard box has a multilayer structure. Furthermore, the cardboard preferably has at least one, but particularly preferably at least two layers of a top layer on the surface facing the environment, which is known to the person skilled in the art as a “line”. Furthermore, a preferred cardboard has a Scott Bond value (according to Tappi 569) in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 350 J / m ² and particularly preferably from 135 to 310 J / m ² . The above-mentioned areas make it possible to provide a composite from which a container can be folded with high tightness, easily and with low tolerances. The carrier layer preferably has a flexural resistance in a range from 80 to 550 mN in a first direction. In the case of a carrier layer which contains a plurality of fibers, the first direction is preferably a direction of orientation of the fibers. A carrier layer which contains a multiplicity of fibers furthermore preferably has a bending resistance in a range from 20 to 300 mN in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A preferred sheet-like composite with the carrier layer has a flexural resistance in the first direction in a range from 100 to 700 mN. Furthermore, the aforementioned sheet-like composite preferably has a bending resistance in the second direction in a range from 50 to 500 mN. A particularly preferred carrier layer has a basis weight in a range from 140 to 400 g / m ² , preferably from 150 to 350 g / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 330 g / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 320 g / m ² , even more more preferably from 160 to 300 g / m ² , even more preferably from 160 to 250 g / m ² , most preferably from 160 to 240 g / m ² . Furthermore, the carrier layer is preferably a solid layer. A solid layer is to be distinguished in particular from a layer with macroscopic cavities, such as corrugated cardboard for folding boxes or folding cartons. Alternatively or in addition, a preferred carrier layer has a Scott Bond value in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 340 J / m ² , more preferably from 140 to 320 J / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 300 J / m ² , more preferably from 170 to 280 J / m ² , even more preferably from 180 to 260 J / m ² , most preferably from 190 to 250 J / m ² . Alternatively or in addition, a particularly preferred carrier layer has a first bending resistance in a first bending direction in a range from 70 to 700 mN, preferably from 80 to 650 mN. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the carrier layer has a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and, in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, a further bending resistance which is less than the first bending resistance, preferably by at least 10 mN, more preferably at least 20 mN, more preferably at least 30 mN, more preferably at least 40 mN, more preferably at least 50 mN, more preferably at least 60 mN, more preferably at least 70 mN, more preferably at least 80 mN, more preferably at least 90 mN, even more preferably at least 100 mN, most preferably at least 150 mN. Alternatively or additionally, the carrier layer preferably has a further bending resistance in a further bending direction in a range from 10 to 350 mN, preferably from 20 to 300 mN. The further bending direction is preferably perpendicular to the first bending direction.

The carrier layer preferably contains at least 2, more preferably at least 3, particularly preferably exactly 3 or 5, sublayers, each of which is made of a fiber-containing material, superimposed on one another and connected to one another over a large area. The fiber-containing materials of the individual sub-layers can differ from one another at least partially or they can all be the same. Another particularly preferred carrier layer contains sub-layers of a sub-layer sequence which are superimposed on one another and are connected to one another over a large area in the direction from a further side opposite the first side of the carrier layer to the first side, a first sublayer containing a fibrous material, a second sublayer containing a fibrous material and a third sublayer containing a fibrous material. The fiber-containing materials of the first to third sub-layers can be the same or different from one another. Furthermore, a preferred carrier layer contains, in addition to the aforementioned layer sequence, at least one cover layer as a further sub-layer. The layer sequence comprising the first to third sublayer is preferably overlaid on the further side of the carrier layer with at least one cover layer as a sublayer. As an alternative or in addition, the sequence of layers comprising the first to third sublayer is superimposed on the first side of the carrier layer with at least one cover layer as a sublayer. Preferably, an average fiber length of the plurality of fibers of the fiber-containing material of the first sub-layer is less than an average fiber length of the plurality of fibers of the fiber-containing material as the third sub-layer, preferably by 0.1 to 3 mm, more preferably by 0.5 to 2, 5 mm, most preferably around 1 to 2.0 mm.

Top layer

A preferred top layer is a "line". In papermaking, a “line” is a top layer that contains inorganic solid particles, preferably pigments and additives. The “line” is preferably applied as a liquid phase, preferably as a suspension or dispersion, to a surface of a layer containing paper or cardboard. A preferred dispersion is an aqueous dispersion. A preferred suspension is an aqueous suspension. Another preferred liquid phase contains inorganic solid particles, preferably pigments; a binder; and additives. A preferred pigment is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, kaolin, talc, silicate, a plastic pigment and titanium dioxide. A preferred kaolin is a calcined kaolin. A preferred calcium carbonate is one selected from the group consisting of marble, chalk and a precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred silicate is a sheet silicate. A preferred plastic pigment is spherical, preferably hollow spherical. A preferred binder is one selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene, acrylate, acrylonitrile, a starch and a polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of at least two thereof, with acrylate being preferred. A preferred one Starch is one selected from the group consisting of cationically modified, anionically modified and fragmented, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred additive is one selected from the group consisting of a rheology modifier, a shading dye, an optical brightener, a carrier for an optical brightener, a flocculant, a deaerator and a surface energy modifier or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred deaerator is a coating color deaerator, preferably based on silicone or fatty acid or both. A preferred surface energy modifier is a surfactant.

Fibrous material

The fiber-containing material contains a multiplicity of fibers and preferably at least its further component. A preferred further component is a sizing agent. A preferred sub-layer of a fibrous material includes a plurality of fibers and at least one sizing agent.

Fibers

Fibers of a fiber-containing material are all fibers that appear to the person skilled in the art to be suitable for use according to the invention, in particular all fibers known in paper, cardboard or paperboard manufacture. Fibers are linear elongated structures which have a length to diameter or thickness ratio of at least 3: f. For some fibers the aforementioned ratio is not greater than f00: f. For use in this document, long fibers have an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 4 mm and short fibers have an average fiber length in a range from 0.4 to 2 mm.

Preferred fibers are vegetable fibers. Plant fiber is a collective term for fibers of plant origin, i.e. fibers obtained from plants. Plant fibers occur in plants as vascular bundles in the stem or trunk, the bark (e.g. as bast) and as seed extensions. A subdivision is made according to DIN 60001-1: 2001-05 Textile fiber materials - Part 1: "Natural fibers and abbreviations", Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 2 into seed fibers, bast fibers and hard fibers or according to DIN EN ISO 6938: 2015- 01 "Textiles - natural fibers - generic names and definitions", Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2015, p. 4. in seed fibers, bast fibers, leaf fibers and Fruit fibers that divide the hard fibers. Plant fibers preferred in the context of the invention are predominantly produced from the wood of trees. A preferred wood here is a softwood, that is to say a wood of a conifer, or a deciduous wood, that is to say a wood of a deciduous tree. In the case of softwood, tracheids are preferred. In the case of hardwood, libriforms are preferred.

Fibers preferred in the context of the invention contain cellulose or a wood pulp or both, the fibers preferably consist of these. A preferred wood pulp is one selected from the group consisting of ground wood, pressure ground, and a thermomechanical pulp (thermo-mechanical pulp - TMP), or a combination of at least two of them. A preferred thermomechanical wood pulp is a chemithermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP). The wood pulp is characterized by a greater proportion of lignin compared to the pulp, which can be detected by means of red coloring with phloroglucinol solution. Fibers preferred in the context of the invention are obtained from the wood from a tree selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, birch and eucalyptus, or a combination of at least two thereof. The fibers of the plurality of fibers of a preferred fibrous material have at least one of the following properties:

A) an average fiber length in a range from 0.2 to 6 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 mm, more preferably from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, more preferably from 1.0 to 4.0, even before more preferably from 2.0 to 4.0, most preferably from 3.0 to 4.0 mm,

B) a coarseness in a range from 50 to 400 pg / m, preferably from 100 to 300 pg / m, more preferably from 120 to 300 pg / m, even more preferably from 120 to 250 pg / m, most preferably from 130 to 200 pg / m,

C) an average wall thickness in a range from wall thickness 2 to 10 pm, preferably from 3 to 9 pm, more preferably from 4 to 9 pm, more preferably from 5 to 8 pm, even more preferably from 6 to 8 pm, most preferably from 6 to 7 pm,

D) an average outside diameter in a range from 10 to 50 pm, more preferably from 10 to 45 pm, more preferably from 20 to 45 pm, more preferably from 25 to 45 pm, more preferably from 30 to 45 pm, even more preferably from 30 to 40 pm, preferably testing from 32 to 40 pm.

The above property under point A) is particularly preferred. Sizing agents

In the technical field of paper, cardboard and cardboard manufacture, the person skilled in the art understands by sizing or sizing to mean reducing the hydrophilic properties of paper, cardboard or cardboard in order to make the material printable with aqueous or solvent-based printing inks . A person skilled in the art differentiates between surface sizing (thin application of glue on the upper side of a web of material or a sheet) and mass sizing. In the case of in-situ sizing, at least one sizing agent is added to the fiber mass before the sheet is formed. In the context of the invention, suitable sizing agents are all sizing agents which appear suitable for the use according to the invention, with sizing agents for bulk sizing being particularly preferred. Sizing agents are preferably polymers with a hydrophobic effect. A preferred sizing agent is a copolymer of styrene and acrylic acid esters, or of styrene and maleic acid; a resin; or an ester. A preferred ester is an alkyl ketene dimer or an alkenylsuccinic anhydride or a mixture of both. A preferred alkyl ketene dimer is also abbreviated as AKD in paper manufacture. A preferred alkenyl succinic anhydride is also abbreviated as ASA in papermaking. AKD has the structural formula:

In the oxetane ring of preferred alkylene dimers there is a C12 to Ciö-alkyl group in the 3-position and a C13- to Civ-alkylidene group in the 4-position. AKD can usually be used without the addition of aluminum sulfate. Suitable AKD can be obtained from naturally occurring products. Vegetable or animal fats and oils (eg palm kernel oil), from which the higher fatty acids (palmitic or stearic acid) can be isolated by splitting fat, are suitable as starting material. To produce the suitable AKD, these can be converted into the corresponding acid chlorides (alkyl-QH-CO-Cl), from which in the presence of an amine by dehydrohalogenation (cleavage of HCl) and simultaneous dimerization of the intermediate formed ketene (alkyl-CH = C = 0) the AKD is formed.

ASA also has the structural formula:

A preferred alkenylsuccinic anhydride has a long-chain (preferably Ci4- to C22-) branched /.so-alkene radical in the 2-position.

In the carrier layer described above, which contains a sublayer sequence, containing a first to third sublayer each made of a fiber-containing material, the fiber-containing material of the second sublayer preferably contains an alkyl ketene dimer or an alkenylsuccinic anhydride or a mixture of both as a sizing agent. Alternatively or additionally, preferably, the fiber-containing material of the first sublayer or the third sublayer or both contains a resin, preferably rosin.

resin

Suitable resins are all resins and resin sizes known to the person skilled in the art and appearing suitable for the purpose according to the invention. A preferred resin is a natural resin, a chemically modified natural resin, or a synthetic resin or a mixture of at least two of the aforementioned. A preferred resin glue is a natural resin glue, a chemically modified natural resin, or a synthetic resin or a mixture of at least two of the above.

Natural resins are secreted by animals and plants, especially trees. They are primarily used to close wounds on the plant. Resins are traditionally yellowish to brownish, clear to cloudy, sticky and non-crystalline materials of natural origin that are soluble in common organic solvents, but not in water. Generally is Natural resin is a collective term for mixtures of different chemical substances, each of which contains resin acids, which belong to the carboxylic acids. A preferred natural resin is one selected from the group consisting of turpentine, balsams, gum lacquer, colophony, sandarac, and mastic, or a combination of at least two thereof. Here, rosin is particularly preferred. All of the above natural resins can also be produced synthetically. A resin that is particularly preferred according to the invention is a chemically modified rosin. A chemical modification of a natural resin which is preferred in the production of resin size includes a modification of resin acids, which preferably includes reinforcement or at least partial esterification or both. Further preferably, the reinforcement includes increasing a number of carboxyl groups by reaction with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid or with both. The reinforcement preferably reduces the tendency of tall resins to crystallize during saponification, increases the stability of the dispersions and strengthens the adhesion of the resin particles in the pulp, which ultimately leads to an increased sizing effect.

According to ISO 4618: 2014 (de) (“Coating materials - terms”), synthetic resins are synthetic resins produced by polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation reactions. According to the IUPAC conventions, they are soft solids or highly viscous substances that usually contain prepolymers with reactive functional groups (entry for "resin" in "IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology" (the "Gold Book"), doi: 10.1351 / goldbook.RT07166 , Version 2.3.3). When processed, synthetic resins usually consist of two main components. Mixing both parts (resin and hardener) results in a reactive resin compound. During hardening, the viscosity increases and after hardening is complete, an infusible plastic (thermoset) is obtained. Synthetic resins can be modified by natural substances, for example vegetable or animal oils or natural resins, such as. B. with alkyd resins. Natural resins that have been modified by esterification or saponification are also referred to as synthetic resins. A preferred synthetic resin is one selected from the group consisting of a phenolic resin, an aminoplast, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, and an ABS resin, or a combination of at least two thereof. Phenolic resins can be obtained by polycondensation of formaldehyde and phenol. Preferred aminoplasts are urea-formaldehyde (UF resin) or melamine formaldehyde (MF resin) or both. Urea-formaldehyde is obtained through the polycondensation of formaldehyde with urea. Melamine-formaldehyde can be obtained by polycondensing formaldehyde with melamine. Epoxy resins can be obtained from polyhydric phenols and epichlorohydrin by polyaddition or polycondensation or both. Polyester resins (UP resins) are available based on unsaturated polyesters. ABS resins are mixtures of at least one resin with an elastomer. The basic monomers here are acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene. Synthetic resins are usually liquid or solid amorphous products without a sharp boiling or melting point. For technical use, the synthetic resins are often available in the form of an emulsion or suspension or are produced in this form. Many of these synthetic resins can in principle also be used as real solutions, but since the solvents usually required for this are volatile organic compounds, this proportion is becoming ever smaller. The synthetic resins include, for example, condensation resins and reaction resins.

Following the recommendations of IUPAC, the term resin is not generally equated with polymers. Accordingly, for example, polyethylene is not a resin, even if the term polyethylene resin is used in some specialist circles.

Polymer layers

In the following, the term “polymer layer” relates in particular to the polymer inner layer, the polymer intermediate layer and the polymer outer layer. A preferred polymer is a polyolefin. The polymer layers can have further components. The polymer layers are preferably incorporated into or applied to the sheet-like composite material in an extrusion process. The other components of the polymer layers are preferably components that do not adversely affect the behavior of the polymer melt when applied as a layer. The other constituents can be, for example, inorganic compounds, such as metal salts or other plastics, such as other thermoplastics. However, it is also conceivable that the further constituents are fillers or pigments, for example carbon black or metal oxides. Suitable thermoplastics for the further constituents are in particular those that are easy to process due to good extrusion behavior. Among these are polymers obtained by chain polymerization, especially polyolefins, with cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polycyclic olefin copolymers (POC), in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, being particularly preferred and polyethylene being very particularly preferred. Among the polyethylenes, HDPE (high denomination polyethylene), MDPE (medium density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and VLDPE (very low density polyethylene) and mixtures of at least two of these are preferred. Mixtures of at least two thermoplastics can also be used. Suitable polymer layers have a melt flow rate (MFR) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from 2 to 20 g / 10 min and particularly preferably in a range from 2.5 to 15 g / 10 min, and a density in a range from 0.890 g / cm ³ to 0.980 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 0.895 g / cm ³ to 0.975 g / cm ³ , and more preferably in a range of 0.900 g / cm ³ to 0.970 g / cm ³ . The polymer layers preferably have at least one melting temperature in a range from 80 to 155 ° C, preferably in a range from 90 to 145 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 95 to 135 ° C.

Polymer inner layer

The inner polymer layer is based on at least one thermoplastic polymer, it being possible for the inner polymer layer to contain a particulate inorganic solid. However, it is preferred that the polymer inner layer contains at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the polymer inner layer, one or more thermoplastic polymers. The polymer or the polymer mixture of the polymer inner layer preferably has a density (according to ISO 1183-1: 2004) in a range from 0.900 to 0.980 g / cm ³ , particularly preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.960 g / cm ³ and most preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.940 g / cm ³ . Preferably the polymer is a polyolefin, m-polymer, or a combination of both. The inner polymer layer preferably includes a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. A particularly preferred polyethylene here is an LDPE. The polymer inner layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, most preferably at least 50% by weight, in each case based on the Total weight of the inner polymer layer. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer inner layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, most preferably at least 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer inner layer. In addition or as an alternative to one or more of the aforementioned polymers, the inner polymer layer preferably contains a polymer produced by means of a metallocene catalyst, preferably an mPE. The inner polymer layer preferably contains the mPE in a proportion of at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the inner polymer layer. Here, the inner polymer layer can contain 2 or more, preferably 2 or 3, of the aforementioned polymers in a polymer blend, for example at least a portion of the LDPE and the mPE, or at least a portion of the LDPE and the HDPE. Furthermore, the inner polymer layer can preferably contain 2 or more, preferably 3, sublayers which overlap one another and which preferably form the inner polymer layer. These sub-layers are preferably layers obtained by co-extrusion.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymer inner layer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite contains a first sub-layer containing an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the first sub-layer; and a further sub-layer containing a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight .-%, most preferably at least 65% by weight, and an mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at least 25% by weight, each based on the weight of the blend. The further sub-layer here preferably contains the blend in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably to min- at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the further sub-layer. The further sub-layer particularly preferably consists of the blend.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer inner layer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite contains a first sub-layer, containing an HDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight, most preferably at least 70% by weight, and an LDPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight %, preferably at least 20% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the first sub-layer; a second sub-layer containing an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the second sub-layer; and a third sub-layer containing a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight .-%, most preferably at least 65% by weight, and an mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at least 25% by weight, each based on the weight of the blend. The third sub-layer here preferably contains the blend in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the third sub-layer. The third sub-layer is particularly preferably composed of the blend.

Polymer outer layer

The polymer outer layer preferably contains a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. LDPE and HDPE and mixtures of these are preferred as polyethylene. A preferred polymer outer layer contains at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, each based on weight the polymer outer layer is an LDPE.

Polymer interlayer

The intermediate polymer layer preferably comprises a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. A particularly preferred polyethylene here is an LDPE. The polymer intermediate layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer intermediate layer. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer intermediate layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50 % By weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, each based on the total weight of the polymer intermediate layer. In this case, the polymer intermediate layer contains the aforementioned polymers preferably in a polymer blend.

Barrier layer

Any material which is suitable for this purpose and has an adequate barrier effect, in particular with respect to oxygen, can be used as the barrier layer. For this purpose, the barrier layer preferably has an oxygen transmission rate of less than 50 cm ³ / (m ² day atm), preferably less than 40 cm ³ / (m ² day atm), preferably less than 30 cm ³ / (m ² day atm) , more preferably less than 20 cm ³ / (m ² day atm), more preferably less than 10 cm ³ / (m ² day atm), even more preferably less than 3 cm ³ / (m ² day atm), most preferably not more than 1 cm ³ / (m ² day atm). The barrier layer preferably also has a barrier effect against water vapor. Accordingly, the barrier layer is preferably an oxygen barrier layer and further preferably an additional water vapor barrier layer. In addition, the barrier layer preferably has a barrier effect with respect to visible light, that is to say it is also a light barrier layer. The barrier layer is preferably selected from a. a plastic barrier layer;

b. a metal layer;

c. an oxide layer; or

d. a combination of at least two of a. to c.

Is the barrier layer according to alternative a. a plastic barrier layer, this preferably contains at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 95% by weight of at least one plastic that is known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose, in particular because of aroma or flavorings suitable for packaging containers. Gas barrier properties is known. As plastics, in particular thermoplastics, plastics bearing N or O come into consideration here, both on their own and in mixtures of two or more. According to the invention it can prove to be advantageous if the plastic barrier layer has a melting temperature in a range from more than 155 to 300 ° C, preferably in a range from 160 to 280 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 170 to 270 ° C.

More preferably, the plastic barrier layer has a weight per unit area in a range from 2 to 120 g / m ² , preferably in a range from 3 to 60 g / m ² , particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 40 g / m ² and more preferably from 6 to 30 g / m ² . The plastic barrier layer is also preferably obtainable from melts, for example by extrusion, in particular layer extrusion. In addition, the plastic barrier layer can preferably also be introduced into the sheet-like composite via lamination. It is preferred here that a film is incorporated into the sheet-like composite. According to another embodiment, it is also possible to select plastic barrier layers which can be obtained by deposition from a solution or dispersion of plastics.

Suitable polymers are preferably those which have a molecular weight with a weight average, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by means of light Scatter in a range from 3 10 ³ to 1 10 ⁷ g / mol, preferably in a range from 5-10 ³ to 1 10 ⁶ g / mol and particularly preferably in a range from 6 10 ³ to 1 10 ⁵ g / mol exhibit. Particularly suitable polymers are polyamide (PA) or Polyethylenvi nylalkohol (EVOH) or a mixture thereof.

Among the polyamides, all PAs which appear suitable to the person skilled in the art for the use according to the invention are suitable. PA 6, PA 6.6, PA 6.10, PA 6.12, PA 11 or PA 12 or a mixture of at least two of these should be mentioned in particular, PA 6 and PA 6.6 being particularly preferred and PA 6 also being preferred. PA 6 is commercially available, for example under the trade names Akulon ^®, Durethan ^® and Ultramid ^®. Amorphous polyamides such as MXD6, Grivory ^® and Selar ^® PA are also suitable. It is further preferred that the PA has a density in a range from 1.01 to 1.40 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 1.05 to 1.30 g / cm ³ and particularly preferably in a range from 1.08 to 1.25 g / cm ³ . Furthermore, it is preferred that the PA has a viscosity number in a range from 130 to 250 ml / g and preferably in a range from 140 to 220 ml / g.

Any EVOH that appears suitable for the use according to the invention to the person skilled in the art can be considered as EVOH. Examples of this are, inter alia, commercially available under the trade name EVAL ™ from EVAL Europe NV, Belgium in a large number of different versions, for example the types EVAL ™ F104B or EVAL ™ LR171B. Preferred EVOHs have at least one, two, more or all of the following properties:

an ethylene content in a range from 20 to 60 mol%, preferably from 25 to 45 mol%

%;

a density in a range from 1.0 to 1.4 g / cm ³ , preferably from 1.1 to 1.3 g / cm ³ ; a melting point in a range from more than 155 to 235 ° C, preferably from 165 to 225 ° C;

- an MFR value (210 ° C / 2.16kg, if T _{S (} EVOH) <210 ° C; 230 ° C / 2, 16kg, if 210 ° C <TS (EVOH) <230 ° C) in one range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably from 2 to 20 g / 10 min; an oxygen transmission rate in a range from 0.05 to 3.2 cm ³ -20 pm / (m ² day atm), preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1 cm ³ -20 pm / (m ² day atm).

At least one polymer layer, more preferably the inner polymer layer, or preferably all polymer layers, preferably has a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the barrier layer. This is especially true when the barrier layer is made of polymer. The melting temperatures of the at least one, in particular the inner polymer layer, and the melting temperature of the barrier layer differ preferably by at least 1 K, particularly preferably by at least 10 K, even more preferably by at least 50 K, more preferably at least 100 K. The temperature difference should be preferably only be chosen so high that the barrier layer does not melt, in particular the plastic barrier layer does not melt during folding.

According to alternative b. the barrier layer is a metal layer. In principle, all layers with metals that are known to the person skilled in the art and can create a high level of light and oxygen impermeability are suitable as the metal layer. According to a preferred embodiment, the metal layer can be present as a foil or as a deposited layer, e.g. after a physical vapor deposition. The metal layer is preferably an uninterrupted layer. According to a further preferred embodiment, the metal layer has a thickness in a range from 3 to 20 μm, preferably in a range from 3.5 to 12 μm and particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 10 μm.

Preferred metals are aluminum, iron or copper. A steel layer, for example in the form of a foil, can be preferred as the iron layer. The metal layer also preferably represents a layer with aluminum. The aluminum layer can expediently consist of an aluminum alloy, for example AlFeMn, AlFel, 5Mn, AlFeSi or AlFeSiMn. The purity is usually 97.5% and higher, preferably 98.5% and higher, in each case based on the entire aluminum layer. In a special embodiment, the metal layer consists of an aluminum foil. Suitable aluminum foils have a Extensibility of more than 1%, preferably of more than 1.3% and particularly preferably of more than 1.5%, and a tensile strength of more than 30 N / mm ² , preferably more than 40 N / mm ² and particularly preferably more than 50 N / mm ² . In the pipette test, suitable aluminum foils show a drop size of more than 3 mm, preferably more than 4 mm and particularly preferably more than 5 mm. Suitable alloys for creating aluminum layers or foils are commercially available under the names EN AW 1200, EN AW 8079 or EN AW 8111 from Hydro Aluminum Deutschland GmbH or Amcor Flexibles Singen GmbH. In the case of a metal foil as the barrier layer, an adhesion promoter layer can be provided between the metal foil and a nearest polymer layer on one and / or both sides of the metal foil.

Furthermore, as a barrier layer according to alternative c. an oxide layer should be selected. All oxide layers that are familiar to the person skilled in the art and appear suitable for achieving a barrier effect against light, vapor and / or gas come into consideration as oxide layers. A preferred oxide layer is a semimetal oxide layer or a metal oxide layer or both. A preferred semimetal oxide layer is a layer based on one or more silicon oxide compounds (SiOx layer). As metal oxide layers, layers based on the aforementioned metals aluminum, iron or copper, as well as those metal oxide layers based on titanium oxide compounds, are preferred, an aluminum oxide layer (Al Ox layer) being particularly preferred. According to a preferred embodiment, the oxide layer can be present as a deposited layer. A deposited oxide layer is produced, for example, by vapor deposition of the oxide layer on a barrier substrate. A preferred method for this is physical vapor deposition (PVD - physical vapor deposition) or, preferably plasma-assisted, chemical vapor deposition (CVD - chemical vapor deposition). The oxide layer is preferably an uninterrupted layer.

The barrier substrate can consist of any material which appears to the person skilled in the art to be suitable for use as a barrier substrate according to the invention. The barrier substrate is preferably suitable for being coated with an oxide layer. A layer surface is preferably made sufficiently smooth for this. Furthermore, the barrier has preferred Resubstrat has a thickness in a range from 3 to 30 µm, preferably from 2 to 28 µm, preferably from 2 to 26 µm, more preferably from 3 to 24 µm, more preferably from 4 to 22 µm, most preferably from 5 to 20 µm. Furthermore, the barrier substrate preferably has a barrier effect against oxygen or water vapor or both. A barrier effect of the barrier substrate against permeation of oxygen is preferably greater than a barrier effect of the oxide layer against permeation of oxygen. The barrier substrate preferably has an oxygen transmission rate in a range from 0.1 to 50 cm ³ / (m ² d bar), preferably from 0.2 to 40 cm ³ / (m ² d bar), more preferably from 0.3 to 30 cm ³ / (m ² d bar). A preferred barrier substrate includes, more preferably consists of, cellulose or a polymer or both. A preferred polymer here is an oriented polymer. The oriented polymer is preferably oriented mono-axially or bi-axially. Another preferred polymer is a thermoplastic polymer. The barrier substrate preferably consists of the polymer. The barrier substrate preferably contains a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polycondensate, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a combination of at least two of these in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60 % By weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the barrier substrate. More preferably, the barrier substrate consists of the aforementioned polymer. A preferred polypropylene is oriented, in particular stretched longitudinally (oPP) or biaxially stretched (BoPP). A preferred polycondensate is a polyester or polyamide (PA) or both. A preferred polyester is one selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polylactide (PLA), and, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred vinyl polymer is a vinyl alcohol copolymer or a polyvinyl alcohol or both. A preferred polyvinyl alcohol is a vinyl alcohol copolymer. A preferred vinyl alcohol copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.

Polvolefin

A preferred polyolefin is a polyethylene (PE) or a polypropylene (PP) or both. A preferred polyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an LDPE, an LLDPE, and an HDPE, or a combination of at least two thereof. Another preferred polyolefin is an m-polyolefin (polyolefin produced by means of a metallocene catalyst). Suitable polyethylenes have a melt flow rate (MFI - melt flow index = MFR - melt flow rate) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from 2 to 20 g / 10 min and particularly preferably in a range of 2, 5 to 15 g / 10 min, and a density in a range from 0.910 g / cm ³ to 0.935 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 0.912 g / cm ³ to 0.932 g / cm ³ , and more preferably in one Range from 0.915 g / cm ³ to 0.930 g / cm ³ . mPolymer

An mPolymer is a polymer which was produced by means of a metallocene catalyst. A metallocene is an organometallic compound in which a central metal atom is arranged between two organic ligands, such as, for example, cyclopentadienyl ligands. A preferred m-polymer is an m-polyolefin, preferably an m-polyethylene or an m-polypropylene, or both. A preferred m-polyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an mLDPE, an mLLDPE, and an mHDPE, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred m-polyolefin is characterized by at least a first melting temperature and a second melting temperature. In addition to the first and second melting temperatures, the m-polyolefin is preferably characterized by a third melting temperature. A preferred first melting temperature is in a range from 84 to 108 ° C, preferably from 89 to 103 ° C, more preferably from 94 to 98 ° C. A preferred further melting temperature is in a range from 100 to 124 ° C, preferably from 105 to 119 ° C, more preferably from 110 to 114 ° C.

Adhesion / adhesion promoter layer

An adhesion promoter layer is a layer of the sheet-like composite which contains at least one adhesion promoter in a sufficient amount so that the adhesion promoter layer improves adhesion between layers adjoining the adhesion promoter layer. For this purpose, the adhesion promoter layer preferably contains an adhesion promoter polymer. Accordingly, the adhesion promoter layers are preferably polymeric layers. An adhesion promoter layer can be located between layers of the sheet-like composite that are not directly adjacent to one another, preferably between the barrier layer and the polymer component. layer. As adhesion promoters in an adhesion promoter layer, all plastics come into consideration which, through functionalization by means of suitable functional groups, are suitable to create a firm connection by forming ionic bonds or covalent bonds to a surface of an adjacent layer. They are preferably functionalized polyolefins, in particular acrylic acid copolymers, which have been obtained by co-polymerizing ethylene with acrylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylates, acrylic derivatives or carboxylic acid anhydrides bearing double bonds, for example maleic anhydride, or at least two of them. Among these, polyethylene-maleic anhydride graft polymer (GUCH), ethyl ene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA) or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers (EMAA) are preferred, which ^®, for example, under the trade names Bynel ^® and Nucrel ^® 0609HSA by DuPont or Escor 6000ExCo of ExxonMobile Chemicals.

Ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers are also preferred as adhesion promoters. A methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, i-butyl or a pentyl group is preferably selected as the alkyl group. The adhesion promoter layer may more preferably have mixtures of two or more different ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers. Likewise preferably, the ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer can have two or more different alkyl groups in the acrylate function, for example an ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer in which both methyl acrylate units and ethyl acrylate units occur in the same copolymer.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the adhesion between the carrier layer, a polymer layer or the barrier layer to the next layer is at least 0.5 N / 15mm, preferably at least 0.7 N / 15mm and particularly preferably at least 0.8 N / 15mm , carries. In an embodiment according to the invention, it is preferred that the adhesion between a polymer layer and a carrier layer is at least 0.3 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 0.5 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 0.7 N / 15 mm. Furthermore, it is preferred that the adhesion between the barrier layer and a polymer layer is at least 0.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 1.0 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 1.4 N / 15 mm. In the event that the barrier layer has an adhesion promoter layer directly following a polymer layer, it is preferred that the adhesion between the barrier layer and the adhesion promoter layer is at least 1.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 2.2 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 2.8 N / 15 mm. In a particular embodiment, the adhesion between the individual layers is so strong that the carrier layer tears during the adhesion test, and in the case of a cardboard carrier layer, what is known as a cardboard fiber tear occurs.

Extrude / extruder

In the context of the inventors, any extruder that is known to the person skilled in the art and appears to him to be suitable for the use according to the invention can be considered as an extruder. An extruder is a device for shaping a mass, preferably a polymer mass, by means of pressing through a shaping opening. A preferred extruder is a screw extruder. Melt extrusion coating is the application of a mass by pressing a melt forming the mass through a shaping opening of an extruder onto a substrate, so that a sheet-like layer overlying the substrate is obtained from the mass. In the case of a polymer composition as a mass, the mass is preferably melted for extrusion coating. During extrusion, the polymers are usually heated to temperatures of 210 to 350 ° C., measured on the melted polymer film below the outlet at the extruder nozzle. The extrusion can be carried out by means of extrusion tools known to the person skilled in the art and commercially available, such as, for example, extruders, extruder screws, feed blocks, etc. At the end of the extruder there is preferably an opening through which the polymer melt is pressed. The opening can be of any shape that allows the polymer melt to be extruded. For example, the opening can be square, oval or round. The opening preferably has the shape of a slot of a funnel. After the melt layer has been applied to the substrate layer by means of the method described above, the melt layer is allowed to cool for the purpose of heat setting, this cooling preferably being carried out by quenching via contact with a surface which is at a temperature in a range from 5 to 50 ° C, particularly preferably in a range of 10 to 30 ° C is kept. Then at least the flanks are separated from the surface. The separation can be carried out in any manner familiar to the person skilled in the art and appearing suitable, in order to remove the flanks as quickly as possible cut off precisely and cleanly. The separation is preferably carried out by means of a knife, laser beam or water jet, or a combination of two or more thereof, the use of knives, in particular a pot knife, being particularly preferred.

Laminating

According to the invention, the barrier layer can be superimposed on the carrier layer as a layer. Here, the prefabricated carrier and barrier layers are connected with the help of a suitable laminating agent. A preferred laminating agent includes an intermediate polymer composition, from which an intermediate polymer layer is preferably obtained.

Folding the sheet-like composite

The sheet-like composite is preferably folded in a temperature range from 10 to 50 ° C, preferably in a range from 15 to 45 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 20 to 40 ° C. This can be achieved in that the sheet-like composite has a temperature in the above ranges. It is further preferred that a folding tool, preferably together with the sheet-like composite, has a temperature in the above range. For this purpose, the folding tool preferably does not have a heater. Rather, the folding tool or the sheet-like composite or both can be cooled. Furthermore, it is preferred that the folding takes place at a temperature of a maximum of 50 ° C as “cold folding” and the joining takes place at over 50 ° C, preferably over 80 ° C and particularly preferably over 120 ° C as “heat sealing”. The above conditions and in particular temperatures preferably also apply in the vicinity of the folding, for example se in the housing of the folding tool.

According to the invention, "folding" is understood to mean a process in which, preferably by means of a folding edge of a folding tool, an elongated kink forming an angle is produced in the folded sheet-like composite. For this purpose, two adjoining surfaces of a sheet-like composite are often bent more and more towards one another The folding creates at least two adjacent folding surfaces which can then be connected in at least partial areas to form a container area. According to the invention, the connection can be carried out by any measure that appears suitable to the person skilled in the art and enables a connection that is as gas- and liquid-tight as possible. The connection can take place by sealing or gluing or a combination of both measures. In the case of sealing, the connection is created by means of a liquid and its solidification. In the case of gluing, chemical bonds are formed between the interfaces or surfaces of the two objects to be connected, which create the connection. When sealing or gluing, it is often advantageous to press the surfaces to be sealed or glued together.

Connect

Any connection which appears to be suitable for the use according to the invention and by means of which a sufficiently strong connection can be obtained comes into consideration as a connection. A preferred connection is one selected from the group consisting of sealing, gluing, and pressing, or a combination of at least two thereof. In the case of victory, the connection is created by means of a liquid and its stiffness. In the case of gluing, chemical bonds are formed between the interfaces or surfaces of the two objects to be connected, which create the connection. When sealing or gluing, it is often advantageous to press the surfaces to be sealed or glued together. A preferred pressing of two layers is pressing a first surface of a first of the two layers onto a second surface of the second of the two layers facing the first surface for at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, of the first surface. A particularly preferred connection is sealing. A preferred sealing includes the steps of heating, laying on top of one another and pressing, the steps preferably taking place in this sequence. Another sequence is also conceivable, in particular the sequence of laying one on top of the other, heating and pressing. A preferred heating is heating a polymer layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer, more preferably a polyethylene layer or a polypropylene layer or both. Another preferred heating is heating a polyethylene layer to a temperature in a in the range from 80 to 140 ° C, more preferably from 90 to 130 ° C, most preferably from 100 to 120 ° C. Another preferred heating is heating a polypropylene layer to a temperature in a range from 120 to 200 ° C, more preferably from 130 to 180 ° C, most preferably from 140 to 170 ° C. Another preferred heating takes place to a sealing temperature of the polymer layer. Preferred heating can take place by radiation, by hot gas, by solid heat contact, by mechanical vibrations, preferably by ultrasound, by convection, or by a combination of at least two of these measures. A particularly preferred heating is done by exciting an ultrasonic vibration.

food

The sheet-like composite and the container precursor in the context of the invention are preferably designed to produce a, preferably closed, food medium container. Furthermore, the container according to the invention is preferably a, preferably closed, food container. All foods known to the person skilled in the art for human consumption and also animal feed come into consideration as food. Before ferred foods are liquid above 5 ° C, such as dairy products, soups, sauces, non-carbonated drinks.

Container precursors

A container precursor is a preliminary stage of the container which arises in the manufacture of a preferably closed container. In this case, the container precursor contains the flat composite, preferably as a blank. Here, the sheet-like composite can be folded or folded unge. A preferred container precursor is cut to size and designed to produce a single, preferably closed, container. A preferred container precursor, which is tailored and designed for the production of a single container, is also referred to as a jacket or sleeve. In this case, the jacket or sleeve contains the sheet-like composite folded, preferably along at least two longitudinal folds along one longitudinal groove in each case. These longitudinal folds can, but need not, already form longitudinal edges of the container. Furthermore, the jacket or sleeve contains a longitudinal seam and is open into a head area and a bottom area. A typical container The precursor, which is tailored and configured to manufacture a variety of containers, is often referred to as a hose. A preferred container precursor is formed in one piece from.

container

The preferably closed container according to the invention can have a multitude of different shapes, but an essentially cuboid structure is preferred. Furthermore, the container can be formed over the entire area from the sheet-like composite or have a two-part or multi-part structure. In the case of a multi-part structure, it is conceivable that, in addition to the sheet-like composite, other materials are also used, for example plastic, which can be used in particular in the top or bottom areas of the container. In this case, however, it is preferred that at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70% and, moreover, preferably at least 90% of the area of the container is made up of the sheet-like composite. Furthermore, the container can have a device for emptying the contents. This can for example be formed from a polymer or a mixture of polymers and applied to the outside of the container. It is also conceivable that this device is integrated into the container by “direct injection molding”. According to a preferred embodiment, the container according to the invention has at least one, preferably from 4 to 22 or even more edges, particularly preferably from 7 to 12 edges. In the context of the present invention, edges are understood to be areas that arise when a surface is folded. The elongated contact areas of two wall surfaces of the container, also referred to herein as longitudinal edges, may be mentioned as exemplary edges. In the container, the container walls preferably represent the surfaces of the container framed by the edges. The interior of a container according to the invention preferably contains a food item. The container preferably does not contain a cover or base which is not formed in one piece with the sheet-like composite, or both. A preferred container holds food. Opening / opening aid

Usually the opening of the container is produced by at least partial destruction of the hole cover layers covering the at least one hole. This destruction can be done by cutting, pressing into the container or pulling out of the container. The destruction can be done by an opening aid connected to the container and arranged in the region of the at least one hole, usually above the at least one hole, for example also by a drinking straw that is pushed through the hole cover layers. Furthermore, it is preferred in an embodiment according to the invention that an opening aid is provided in the area of the at least one hole. It is preferred here that the opening aid is provided on the surface of the assembly that represents the outside of the container. Furthermore, the container preferably includes a closure, for example a lid, on the outside of the container. It is preferred that the closure at least partially, preferably completely, covers the hole. The closure thus protects the hole cover layers, which are less robust than the areas outside the at least one hole, from harmful mechanical effects. To open the hole cover layers covering the at least one hole, the closure often includes the opening aid. As such, for example, hooks for tearing out at least part of the perforated cover layers, edges or cutting edges for cutting into the perforated cover layers or spikes for pressing through the perforated cover layers or a combination of at least two thereof are suitable. These opening aids are often mechanically coupled to a screw cap or a cap of the closure, for example via a hinge, so that the opening aid acts on the hole cover layers to open the closed container when the screw cap or cap is actuated. Occasionally, in the specialist literature, such closure systems, including composite layers that cover a hole, are referred to as “overcoated holes” with “applied fittings” via coverable closures with opening aids.

MEASUREMENT METHODS

The following measurement methods were used in the context of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C, a Ambient air pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm) and a relative humidity of 50%.

Separating individual layers

If individual layers of a laminate - such as the barrier layer - are to be examined here, the layer to be examined is first separated from the laminate as described below. Three sample pieces of the sheet-like composite are cut to size. Unless otherwise stated, unfolded and non-grooved areas of the sheet-like composite are used for this purpose. Unless otherwise stated, the sample pieces have the dimensions 4 cm x 4 cm. If other dimensions of the layer to be examined are necessary for the examination to be carried out, sufficiently large sample pieces are cut from the laminate. The sample pieces are placed in an acetic acid bath (30% acetic acid solution: 30% by weight CH3COOH, the remainder to 100% by weight H2O) heated to 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. This separates the layers from one another. If necessary, the layers can also be carefully pulled off each other manually. If the desired layer cannot be removed sufficiently well, new sample pieces are used as an alternative and these are treated in an ethanol bath (99% ethanol) as described above. If there are residues of the carrier layer on the layer to be examined (for example the polymer outer layer or the polymer intermediate layer) (especially in the case of a cardboard layer as the carrier layer), these are carefully removed with a brush. From each of the three foils prepared in this way, a sample of sufficient size for the investigation to be carried out is cut out (unless otherwise stated with an area of 4 cm ² ). These samples are then stored at 23 ° C. for 4 hours and thus dried. The three samples can then be examined. Unless otherwise stated, the test result is the arithmetic mean of the results for the three samples.

M FR value

The MFR value is measured in accordance with ISO 1133-1: 2012, method A (mass determination method), unless otherwise stated at 190 ° C and 2.16 kg). density

The density is measured according to the ISO 1183-1: 2013 standard. Scott Bond value

The Scott Bond value is determined according to Tappi 569.

Melting temperature

The melting temperature is determined using the DSC method ISO 11357-1, -5. The device is calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications using the following measurements:

Temperature indium - onset temperature,

Heat of fusion indium,

T emperature zinc - Onset temperature.

The recorded measurement curve can have several local maxima (melting peaks), that is to say several melting temperatures. If a melting temperature above a certain value is required here, this condition is met if one of the measured melting temperatures is above this value. If reference is made herein to a melting temperature of a polymer layer, a polymer composition or a polymer, then in the case of several measured melting temperatures (melting peaks), unless stated otherwise, the highest melting temperature is always meant.

Viscosity number of PA

The viscosity number of PA is measured in 95% sulfuric acid in accordance with the DIN EN ISO 307 (2013) standard.

Molecular weight distribution

The molecular weight distribution is measured according to gel permeation chromatography by means of light scattering: ISO 16014-3 / -5 (2009-09). Moisture content of the box

The moisture content of the cardboard is measured according to the ISO 287: 2009 standard.

liability

To determine the adhesion of two adjacent layers, they are fixed on a 90 ° peel test device, for example from Instron “German rotating wheel fixture”, on a rotatable roller that rotates at 40 mm / min during the measurement. The samples were previously cut into strips 15 mm wide. On one side of the sample, the layers are detached from each other and the detached end is clamped in a pulling device pointing vertically upwards. A measuring device for determining the tensile force is attached to the pulling device. When the roller rotates, the force is measured that is necessary to separate the layers from one another. This force corresponds to the adhesion of the layers to one another and is given in N / 15 mm. The individual layers can be separated mechanically, for example, or by targeted pretreatment, for example by soaking the sample for 3 minutes in 30% acetic acid at 60 ° C.

Detection of colorants

Evidence of organic colorants can be found in the manner described in "Industrial Organic Pigments, Third Edition." (Willy Herbst, Klaus Hunger Copyright © 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-30576-9) Methods are carried out.

Oxygen transmission rate

The oxygen transmission rate is determined according to the ASTM D3985-05 (2010) standard. Unless otherwise specified, the sample to be examined is taken from a non-grooved and non-folded area of the laminate. Furthermore, the sample to be examined is tested with the side facing outward in the laminate facing the test gas. The area of the sample is 50 cm ² . The measurements are carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C, an ambient air pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm) and a relative humidity of 50%. The test device is an Ox-Tran 2/22 from Mocon, Neuwied, Germany. The measurement is carried out without air pressure compensation. Samples are used for the measurements used with the ambient temperature. Further settings and influencing factors for the measurement - in particular the others listed under point 16 of the ASTM D3985-05 (2010) standard - are specified by the measuring device used or by the proper use and maintenance of its according to the manufacturer's manual.

Bending resistance

The bending resistance is determined according to the bending resistance method of the ISO 2493-2: 2011 standard. An L&W Bending Tester code 160 from Lorentzen & Wettre, Sweden is used for the measurement. As described in the standard, the samples which are used to determine the bending resistance of the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite have a width of 38 mm and a clamping length of 50 mm. Only samples without creases, folds or edges are used for the measurement. The samples are taken according to the ISO 186 standard. The bending resistance is determined by deflecting the sample by 15 °. The bending test described in the ISO 2493-2: 2011 standard is a 2-point bending test. For use in this document, a direction in which the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite has a bending resistance is a direction of a straight line that connects the 2 points of application of the 2-point bending test. This is preferably the direction in which the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite bends as a result of the bending. The carrier layer or the sheet-like composite preferably forms a straight fold line perpendicular to the direction of the bending resistance if the sample is deflected far enough to be folded.

Fiber properties

Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, the properties of the fibers are determined according to the methods in the paper dictionary (Euwid Verlag; ISBN 3-88640-080-0).

Average fiber length

The mean fiber length is determined in accordance with ISO 16065-2 using an L&W fiber tester.

Coarseness (delicacy)

The fineness of a large number of fibers is determined in accordance with ISO 9184 (1994) Parts 1 to 7. Determination of the colony-forming units per 100 cm ² (CFU / 100 cm ² ) as a measure of the germination of the laminate surface

The European standard method ISO 8784-1: 2005 and the references given in this test specification are selected as the basis for determining the colony-forming units per gram. The test specifications are used here for the investigation of the CFU exposure of the laminate described for the examples and comparative examples. Insofar as deviations from the cited test specifications are necessary when taking samples and determining the CFU of the packaging material, they are explained below.

Sampling and sample preparation:

The laminate samples taken must not be touched with the hands. They are stored in sterile plastic bags.

Required tools:

- Contact Petri dishes (plastic) diameter 5.5 cm (e.g. Greiner Bio-one 629180)

- tweezers

- cutter knife

sterile foil pouch or aluminum foil

- sterilizer

- incubator

- sterile workbench

- Culture media: Plate-Count-Agar (e.g. available as Oxoid No. CM 325, Merck No.

105463, Difco No. 247940)

Execution:

240 cm ^{2 of} laminate surface are examined per sample. A contact Petri dish has an area of 24 cm ² . Therefore, 10 contact dishes per sample must be prepared in order to be able to examine the laminate surface mentioned. Sufficient nutrient medium is added to the sterile Petri dishes so that the agar protrudes over the edge of the Petri dish (curvature), but does not overflow the edge. The prepared, cooled contact trays are pressed onto the surface of the laminate to be examined, sealed and incubated under the specified conditions. Make sure that the sample pieces are only touched with sterile tweezers and that the contact cups do not come into contact with the open edge of the pack. The Petri dishes are placed in the incubator with the lid facing down to prevent condensation. The plate count agar is incubated for 5 days at 30 ° C, with the evaluation taking place afterwards.

Evaluation:

All colonies present on the contact plates of a sample are counted. The results are converted to CFU (colony-forming units) per 100 cm ² and documented. The value obtained is converted to the surface of the areas to be examined.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below by means of examples and drawings, the examples and drawings not signifying any restriction of the invention. Furthermore, the drawings are not to scale unless otherwise stated.

Laminate structure

In the examples (according to the invention) and comparative examples (not according to the invention) the laminates are produced with the layer structure shown in Table 1 below and food containers of the type and shape shown in FIG. 14 are produced therefrom.

Table 1: Structure of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples

Laminate production

Punching:

To produce the laminates of the examples and comparative examples, the carrier layer is always assumed. This is provided as roll goods. The carrier layer is provided with a hole for each container to be produced by means of punching with a punching machine in the direction from the inside of the carrier layer to the outside thereof. A different type of punching machine or other punching tool is used for each of the examples and comparative examples. Furthermore, the size of the punched holes was varied as indicated below. The processing speed during punching, i.e. the speeds at which the carrier layer runs through the punching machine during punching, is constant at 600 m / min.

Comparative example 1:

Here a lifting punch of the type shown in FIG. 15 with a punch equipped with a cutting edge is used for punching. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched.

Comparative example 2:

A lifting punch is also used here. However, as shown in FIG. 16, this is equipped with a punch designed as a solid body without a cutting edge and a die. The punch and die each have an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched.

Comparative example 3:

A lifting punch is also used here. This is in turn equipped, as shown in FIG. 17, with a punch designed as a solid body without a cutting edge and a die. The die has an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. For punching, the punch has an edge that has a minimum edge angle of 40 °. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched again. Example 1 :

Here, a rotary punch of the type shown in FIG. 2 with a punch designed as a solid body without a cutting edge and a die (FIG. 3a)) is used for punching. The punch and die each have an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched unchanged.

Example 2:

Example 2 is identical to Example 1, but here oval pouring holes of size 22 mm ^c 24 mm are punched.

Example 3:

Here, as in example 2, oval pouring holes measuring 22 mm x 24 mm are punched. A rotary punch as in Examples 1 and 2 is used for this purpose. Here, however, as shown in FIG. 6, the punch and the die have a curvature in the respective direction of rotation.

Coating:

The laminates are produced using an extrusion coating system from Davis Standard. The extrusion temperature here is in a range from approx. 280 to 330 ° C. After the carrier layer has been provided with holes as described above, the polymer outer layer is extrusion coated onto the outside of the carrier layer. The holes in the carrier layer are covered with the polymer outer layer. Then the barrier layer, together with the first adhesion promoter layer and the polymer intermediate layer, is applied to the carrier layer previously coated with the polymer outer layer, but now on the inside thereof. Again, the holes are covered with the layers mentioned. The further adhesion promoter layer, the further polymer layer and the polymer inner layer are then coextruded onto the barrier layer and the holes in the carrier layer are again covered. To apply the individual layers by extrusion, the polymers are melted in an extruder. When a polymer is applied in one layer, the resulting melt is transferred to a nozzle via a feed block and applied the carrier layer is extruded. The color application is also printed onto the polymer outer layer in a gravure printing process. The VB67 coloring system from Siegwerk Druckfarben AG, Siegburg, Germany, is used to create a 4-color decoration that leaves out the holes in the carrier layer. Each color is printed with a standard printing unit from Kochsiek, Germany. The laminate is then creased to make it easier to fold later. For each container to be produced, a creasing pattern is introduced which contains 4 longitudinal creases. Along the 4 longitudinal grooves in the finished container, the longitudinal edges run from the bottom to the top of the container.

Container manufacturing

The laminate obtained as described above is cut into blanks for individual containers, each blank containing one of the above holes. A jacket-shaped container precursor of the shape shown in FIG. 13 is obtained by folding along the longitudinal ribs of each blank and heat-sealing overlapping folding surfaces. A closed container of the shape shown in FIG. 14 is produced from this jacket in a filling machine. In the comparative examples and example 1, a CFA 712 filling machine from SIG Combibloc, Linnich, is used. For Examples 2 and 3, a CFA 312 filling machine from SIG Combibloc, Linnich, is used. In the respective filling machine, a bottom area is created by folding and closed by hot air sealing. This creates a cup that is open at the top. The cup is sterilized with hydrogen peroxide. The cup is also filled with water. The head area of the cup, which contains the hole, is closed by folding and ultrasound sealing, thus creating a closed container. For Examples 2 and 3, an opening aid of the type disclosed in EP1 812 298 B1 is glued to this container via the hole with an adhesive Euromelt 510, from Henkel, Düsseldorf. In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1, no opening aid is attached to the container. to open

In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1, identical containers are opened by piercing the layers covering the hole in the carrier layer with a commercially available plastic drinking straw and the piercing behavior of the drinking straw is evaluated. In particular, the formation of a sharply edged, circular hole with as little effort as possible to pierce the hole cover layers is assessed positively. On the other hand, a frayed hole or a comparatively large amount of force to pierce is rated negatively. The end of the plastic drinking straw used for piercing is here at right angles to the length of the plastic drinking straw, i.e. not beveled or pointed.

For Examples 2 and 3, after the adhesive has cured, identical containers are opened by means of the opening aid and examined with regard to the pouring behavior. The opening aid opens the container in accordance with paragraph [0002] of EP1 812 298 B1 with a pushing and cutting movement through the membrane spanning the hole, which is formed by the hole cover layers. With optimal function, approx. 90% of the radius of the membrane given by the cutting ring is cut through and there is only one connection to the container. The membrane folds away to the side and the contents of the container can be poured out without interference. If, on the other hand, the water is poured out to the side of the container or, due to an unclean pouring hole, an irregular - "gush-like" - outflow is assessed negatively. evaluation

In the production described above, the wear of the punching tools, in particular the punch, and the wear of the drives of the punching machines, in particular the drive motor and the bearings, are observed. The results are summarized in Table 2. Furthermore, the contamination of the laminates produced is examined using the above measurement method before the container is produced. The determination of the contamination takes place on the grilled laminates before further processing. The contamination is caused by contact with the in the container to be introduced food provided inside of the laminate be true, so on the inside of the polymer inner layer. The results of the germination tests are also summarized in Table 2. This table also contains the results of the tests carried out as described above for piercing the perforated cover layers of the containers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and of Example 1 and for the pouring behavior of the containers of Examples 2 and 3.

In Table 2, + means a more advantageous result than 0 with regard to the examined criterion, and 0 means a more advantageous result than -, and - a more advantageous result than -.

Table 2: Test results for the comparative examples and the examples

The results summarized in the table show that the punch of the punching machine of Comparative Example 1 with the cutting edge wears out comparatively quickly. By using a stamp according to Comparative Example 2, the wear of the stamp can be reduced. When punching according to Comparative Example 2, however, it can be observed that punching slugs remain in the die, collect there and thus clog the die. This seems to damage the stamp, which explains the still relatively high wear of the stamp. In addition, linear punching occurs with the The punch of Comparative Example 2 has considerable force peaks which generate vibrations and thus lead to uneven running of the punch. It is assumed that this is a reason for the increased wear of the drive of the punch. In the case of the punch of Comparative Example 3, fewer large force peaks occur. The wear of the punch drive is reduced according to the explanatory approach. The wear of the punch is also reduced, but remains too great. This, in turn, can be due to the die clogging with slugs.

In addition, it can be observed that containers produced according to Comparative Example 2 show relatively poor properties when opened with a commercially available plastic drinking straw. This seems to be due to the edges of the substrate that were not cut sufficiently cleanly. Because of the not sharply bordered hole in the cardboard layer, the layers of the laminate covering the hole are often not continuously connected to one another at the edge of the hole, which leads to increased resistance when piercing with the drinking straw. Furthermore, when the drinking straw is pierced, a clean hole is often not formed in the perforated cover layers, so that the drinking straw does not seal with the surrounding pierced layers in a liquid-tight manner. In comparative example 3, the opening properties are better than in comparative example 2, but less good than in comparative example 1. Here, too, the danced holes cannot be bordered sufficiently sharply, which may be due to clogging of the die.

In addition, comparative example 2 shows increased germ contamination of the laminate. This could be due to the fact that more fibers are loosened and released from the cardboard material during the punching process. The increased generation of dust can lead to the laminate becoming contaminated. This in turn can reduce the shelf life of food containers.

With the punching machine of Example 1, all of the aforementioned problems can surprisingly be significantly reduced or even eliminated. As example 2 shows, the punch increases when larger holes are punched. Furthermore, the pouring behavior is not yet ideal. This can be due to the fact that larger slugs are less reliably removed from the punched hole and the die can clog. men can. As seen above, a clogged die can increase the wear and tear of the punch and lead to less sharply edged holes in the carrier layer. At the edge of the less sharply bordered hole, the hole cover layers often do not form a continuous bond, which means that less clean pouring holes can arise when opening with the opening aid. The wear of the punch can be reduced again in example 3. Furthermore, the pouring behavior in example 3 is also improved.

Unless otherwise stated in the description or the respective figure, the following are shown schematically and not to scale:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the punching device of the arrangement of

Figure 1 in cross section;

Figures 3a) to 3 d) each show a schematic cross-sectional view of a pair

Punch and die without cutting edge;

FIG. 4a) a schematic representation of the stamps of FIGS. 3a) to d) and 6 in a plan view;

FIG. 4b) a schematic representation of the matrices of FIGS. 3a) to d) and 6 in plan view;

Figure 5 is a schematic detailed illustration of a punching device with a

Punch with cutting edge in cross section;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a further pair from

Punch and die without cutting edge;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a flat substrate;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a detail of a flat composite;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a further sheet-like substrate;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a further sheet-like composite; FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of a method according to the invention for producing a sheet-like composite;

FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram of a method according to the invention for producing a closed container;

FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a container forerunner according to the invention;

FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a container according to the invention;

FIG. 15 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a lifting punch from the prior art

Technology in cross section;

Figures 16 a schematic detailed representation of a further lifting punch of the

State of the art in cross section; and

FIG. 17 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a further lifting punch of the

State of the art in cross section.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement 100 according to the invention. This arrangement contains a punching device 101 with a first tool 102 and a further tool 103. Furthermore, the arrangement 100 contains a flat substrate 104 which consists of a carrier layer 701. The carrier layer 701 consists of 5 sub-layers, which superimpose each other flatly forming a sub-layer sequence and are flatly connected to each other. In the direction from a first side 704 of the carrier layer 701 to an opposite further side 703, the sub-layer sequence consists of 2 coating layers, 3 sub-layers each made of a different fiber-containing material and 2 further coating layers. Each of the fibrous materials includes a plurality of fibers and a sizing agent. The fibrous materials of the two outer sub-layers made of fibrous material contain rosin as a sizing agent, the intermediate sub-layer AKD. The fibers of all 3 fibrous materials are wood pulp fibers. Here, the fibers of the outer sublayer, which lies further in the direction of the further side 703, have a shorter mean fiber length than the fibers of the sublayer, which lies further in the direction of the first side 704 of the carrier layer 701. A planar area of the planar substrate 104 is arranged between the first tool 102 and the further tool 103. Furthermore, the first tool 102 and the further tool 103 for punching are at least one Hole 1306 in the planar area by contacting the planar area is arranged and formed on the opposing first 704 and further sides 703 of the carrier layer 701 with the first tool 102 and the further tool 103. The first tool 102 is arranged and designed to be rotatable about a first rotation axis 105 in a first direction of rotation 106, while the further tool 103 is arranged and designed to be rotatable about a further axis of rotation 107 in a further direction of rotation 108 opposite to the first direction of rotation 106. The punching device 101 is a rotary punch. During punching, the sheet-like substrate 104 is moved in a processing direction 109. In the processing direction 109, the punching device 101 can be followed by further devices of the arrangement 100, such as, for example, a coating device.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the punching device 101 of the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1 in cross section. It can be seen that the first tool 102, which is arranged here as an upper tool, includes a punch 201. The further tool 103, which is arranged accordingly as a lower tool, contains a die 202 which is arranged and designed as a counter-tool to the punch 201. The punch 201 and the die 202 are designed as shown in FIG. 3a). The punching device 101 shown here also includes a first shaft 105 and a further shaft 107. The first tool 102 is rigidly connected to the first shaft 105 and the further tool 103 is rigidly connected to the further shaft 107. The first shaft 105 is arranged and designed to be rotatable about the first axis of rotation 105 in the first direction of rotation 106 and the further shaft 204 is arranged and designed to be rotatable about the further axis of rotation 107 in the further direction of rotation 108. The punching device 101 additionally includes a drive device (not shown) with a motor, which is arranged and designed to rotate the first shaft 203 and the wider shaft 204.

3a) to d) each show a schematic cross-sectional representation of a pair of punch 201 and die 202 without cutting edge 504. The punch 201 of each of the pairs shown is part of a first tool 102 of a punching device 101 and the associated die 202 of the pair is part another tool 202 of the punching device 101. Each of the The pairs shown can be used in the punching device 101 of the arrangement 100 of FIG. It should be noted that the punch 201 and die 202 are not shown here arranged in relation to one another as is the case in the punching device 101 for punching. In the punching device 101, the punch 201 and die 202 must be in engagement with one another when they are facing one another, as is the case in FIGS. 3a) to d). The stamps 201 of FIGS. 3 a) to d) are designed as solid bodies and each have a circumferential first edge 301 which has a first edge angle 303. The stamps 201 shown are not ground. The first edge angles 303 in FIGS. 3a) and b) along the entire first edge 301 and FIG. 3d) along the entire first edge 301 are 30 °. In FIG. 3c) the first edge angle 303 changes along the first edge 301. The first edge angle 303 has its minimum at the point shown in the figure at 40 °. The matrices 202 shown each contain a through hole which is bordered by a further edge 302. The further edges 302 each have a further edge angle 304 of 90 ° around the circumference. The stamps 201 shown each contain a first punch line 305 and the matrices a further punch line 306. The at least one hole 1306 is made by punching by separating at least one punch from the sheet-like substrate 104 along the first punch line 305 and the further punch line 306 the first punching line 305 and the further punching line 306 are moved past each other, more precisely sheared against each other, and so the at least one punched slug is separated from the flat substrate 104 by shearing blades. In order to clarify which sectional plane the Figures 3a) to d) show, the first direction of rotation 106 and the further direction of rotation 108, which are both located in the plane of the figure, are indicated by arrows.

FIG. 4a) shows a schematic representation of the stamps 201 of FIGS. 3a) to d) and 6 in a top view. It can be seen that the punches 201 have a circular cross section and that the first edge 301 and the first punch line 305 are circular lines. Consequently, circular holes 1306 can be punched with these punches 201. Here, the first edge 301 and the first punch line 305 coincide, since the entire first edge 301 comes into contact with the sheet-like substrate 104 during the punching by shear cutting and thus separates the at least one punching slug from the sheet-like substrate 104. Figure 4b) shows a schematic representation of the dies 202 of Figures 3a) to d) and 6 in plan view. It can be seen that the dies 202 are hollow-cylindrical, the respective punch 201 just fitting into a through hole of the die 202 so that the first punch line 305 of the punch 201 and the further punch line of the die 202 can shear past each other and thus shear. The further edges 302 of the dies 202 also coincide with the corresponding further punched lines 306.

Figure 5 shows a schematic detailed representation of a punching device 101 with a Stem pel 501 with cutting edge 504 in cross section. The punch 501 is designed as a hollow cylinder which contains a cutting edge 504, that is to say a ground bevel, on one end face. The unground surfaces 503 which adjoin one another at the cutting edge 504 (inner and outer circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder) are parallel to one another. In other words, these surfaces do not form an angle, at least not an angle that is greater than 5 °. Also shown in section in the figure is a counter-punching cylinder 502, the smooth cylinder jacket surface of which offers a counter-pressure surface for the cutting edge 504 of the punch 501. In order to clarify which sectional plane FIG. 5 shows, the first direction of rotation 106 and the further direction of rotation 108, which are both located in the plane of the figure, are indicated by arrows.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a further pair of punch 201 and die 202 without a cutting edge. What has been said above for FIG. In contrast to FIG. 3 a), the first punch line 305 here has a first curvature along the first direction of rotation 106 which defines a first cylinder jacket surface. A trajectory of the first punching line 305 lies on the first cylinder jacket surface during punching with the punching device 101 of FIG. 2. Furthermore, the further punching line 306 has a further curvature along the further direction of rotation 108, which defines a further cylinder jacket surface on which during punching with the punching device 101 of FIG. 2 a trajectory of the further cutting line 306 lies.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a planar substrate 104 as it can be present in an arrangement 100 according to the invention. The sheet-like substrate 104 consists of a carrier layer 701 with a first side 704 and a further side 703 and a paint application 702 which is printed on the carrier layer 701 on the further side 703 and represents a decoration.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a sheet-like composite 800 for producing dimensionally stable food containers. The sheetlike composite 800 is by means of punching at least one hole 1306 through the paint application 702 and the carrier layer 701 of the sheetlike substrate 104 of Figure 7 with the punching device 101 of Figure 2, coating an outer polymer layer 801 on the paint application 702 on the other side 703 of the carrier layer 701 and a polymer intermediate layer 802, a barrier layer 803, an adhesion promoter layer 804 and a polymer inner layer 805 on the opposite first side 704 of the carrier layer 701 and thereby covering the at least one hole 1306 with the layers mentioned from the planar substrate of FIG. 7. The at least one hole 1306 in the carrier layer 701 is not shown here.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a detail of the sheet-like substrate 104 of the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1. The sheet-like substrate 104 consists of a carrier layer 701 with a first side 704 and a further side 703 opposite.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a further sheet-like composite 800. The sheet-like composite 800 can be obtained from the sheet-like substrate 104 of FIG. 9 by means of method steps 1101 to 1106 of method 1100 in FIG. As a result, the sheet-like composite 800 consists of overlapping layers of a layer sequence in the direction from an outside of the sheet-like composite 800 to an opposite inside of a paint application 702, which forms a decoration on the other side 703 of the carrier layer 701, a polymer outer layer

801, the carrier layer 701 and on the first side 704 of a polymer intermediate layer

802, a barrier layer 803, an adhesion promoter layer 804 and an inner polymer layer 805. The at least one hole 1306 in the carrier layer 701 is not shown here. FIG. 11 shows a flow chart of a method 1100 according to the invention for producing a sheet-like composite 800. In a method step a) 1101, the arrangement 100 of FIG. 1 is provided. In a method step b) 1102, for each container 1400 to be produced, a hole 1306 is punched in the planar substrate 104 by means of the first tool 102 and the additional tool 102 of the punching device 101. In further process steps 1103, c) 1104 and d) 1105, an outer polymer layer 801 (process step 1103), a polymer intermediate layer 802 and a barrier layer 803 (process step c) 1104) and a polymer inner layer 803 (process step d) 1105) as described above for the examples in detail explained coated onto the carrier layer 701 and finally, in a process step 1106, the polymer outer layer 801 is printed with an application of paint 702, as also described in more detail for the examples.

FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram of a method 1200 according to the invention for producing a closed container 1400. In a method step A] 1201, the container forerunner 1300 according to FIG. 13 is provided. In a method step B] 1202, a bottom area 1304 of the container precursor 1300 is formed by folding the sheet-like composite 800. In a method step C] 1203, the base area 1304 is closed by sealing with hot air at a temperature of 300 ° C. In a method step D] 1204, the container precursor 1300 is filled with a food item 1401, and in a method step E] 1205 the container precursor 1300 is closed in a head region 1303 while maintaining the closed container 1400 by sealing. In a method step F] 1206, an opening aid 1402 is glued onto the closed container 1400.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a container precursor 1300 according to the invention. The container precursor 1300 contains a cut of the sheet-like composite 800 of FIG. 10 for producing a single closed container 1400 covered with the polymer outer layer 801 (not shown), the polymer intermediate layer 802 (not shown), the barrier layer 803, the adhesion promoter layer 804 (not shown) and the polymer inner layer 805 (not shown) as hole cover layers. The container precursor 1300 is jacket-shaped with edges 1301 which are longitudinal edges. Furthermore, the container forerunner 1300 includes a longitudinal seam 1302 in which a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge of the sheet-like composite 800 are sealed to one another. A closed container 1400 is obtainable by folding along creases 1305 and connecting fold areas to a top area 1303 and a bottom area 1304 of the container precursor 1300. Such a closed container 1400 is shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a container 1400 according to the invention. The closed container 1400 is produced from the container precursor 1300 according to FIG. The closed container 1400 contains a food item 1401 and has 12 edges 1301. Furthermore, the closed container 1400 is connected to a lid with an opening aid 1402, which covers the hole 1306 on the outside of the sheet-like composite 800. Here the lid 1402 contains a cutting tool in its interior as an opening aid.

FIG. 15 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a lifting punch 1500 of the prior art in cross section. The punching tool 1500 includes a punch 501 of the type shown in FIG. 5, but not a counter-punching cylinder 502, but a counter-tool 1501 with a flat counter-pressure surface. Punching is carried out by means of a linear punching stroke 1502 of the punch 501 against the counter tool 1501. A region of the sheet-like substrate 104 to be punched is located between the punch 501 and the counter tool 1501.

FIG. 16 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a further lifting punch 1600 of the prior art in cross section. The lifting punch 1600 contains a pair of punch 201 and die 202 as punching tools as shown in FIG. 3a). The punch 201 is punched against the die 202 by means of a linear punch stroke 1502, so that the die 201 engages in the die 202 and a punched slug is separated from the sheet-like substrate 104 by shear cutting.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a further lifting punch 1700 of the prior art in cross section. The lifting punch 1700 includes a pair of punching tools Stamp 201 and die 202 as shown in Figure 3c). The punch 201 is punched against the die 202 by means of a linear punch stroke 1502, so that the die 201 engages in the die 202 and a punched slug is separated from the sheet-like substrate 104 by shear cutting.

LIST OF REFERENCES Arrangement according to the invention

Punching device

first tool

another tool

flat substrate

first axis of rotation

first direction of rotation

further axis of rotation

further direction of rotation

Processing direction

stamp

die

first wave

another wave

first edge

further edge

first edge angle

further edge angle

first punch line

another punch line

Stamp with cutting edge

Counter-punching cylinder

unsanded surfaces

Cutting edge

Carrier layer

Paint application

another page

first page

planar composite 801 polymer outer layer

802 intermediate polymer layer

803 barrier layer

804 Adhesion promoter

805 polymer inner layer

1100 method according to the invention for producing a sheet-like composite

1101 process step a)

1102 process step b)

1103 coating with polymer outer layer

1104 process step c)

1105 process step d)

1106 printing

1200 inventive method for producing a closed container

1201 process step A]

1202 process step B]

1203 process step C]

1204 process step D]

1205 process step E]

1206 process step F]

1300 container precursor according to the invention

1301 edge

1302 longitudinal seam

1303 header

1304 floor area

1305 creasing

1306 hole

1400 container according to the invention

1401 food

1402 opening aid with lid

1500 prior art lift punch

1501 Counter tool with flat counter pressure surface 1502 punch stroke

1600 further prior art lifting punches

1700 further prior art lifting punches

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method (1100), including as method steps

a) Provide

i) a punching device (101) including

A) a first tool (102), and

B) another tool (103), and

ii) a sheet-like substrate (104) containing a carrier layer (701); b) making at least one hole (1306) in the sheet-like substrate (104) by contacting the sheet-like substrate (104) on opposite sides with

i) the first tool (102) and

ii) the further tool (103); and

c) areal superimposition and areal connection of the carrier layer (701) on a first side (704) of the carrier layer (701) with a barrier layer (803) so that the at least one hole (1306) in the carrier layer (701) with the barrier layer (803) is covered;

characterized in that when the at least one hole (1306) is made in method step b) (1102)

a. the first tool (102) rotates in a first direction of rotation (106) about a first axis of rotation (105) and

b. the further tool (103) rotates about a further axis of rotation (107) in a further direction of rotation (108) counter to the first direction of rotation (106).

2. The method (1100) according to claim 1, wherein the introduction of the at least one hole (1306) in method step b) (1102) includes separating at least one punching slug from the sheet-like substrate (104),

wherein the separation takes place along a first punch line (305) of the first tool (102) or a further punch line (306) of the further tool (103) or along both.

3. The method (1100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the introduction of the at least one hole (1306) in method step b) (1102) shears a first punch line (305) of the first tool (102) against a further punch line (306) of the wider tool (103), preferably takes place thereby.

4. The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein neither the first tool (102) nor the further tool (103) includes a cutting edge (504).

5. The method (1100) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first punch line (305) has a first curvature along the first direction of rotation (106).

6. The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (701) includes at least one sub-layer made of a fiber-containing material.

7. The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method ren additionally a method step

d) areal superimposition and areal connection of the carrier layer (701) on the first side (704) with a polymer inner layer (805)

includes.

8. The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the procedural ren (1100) after method step b) (1102) additionally a two-dimensional superimposition and two-dimensional connection of the carrier layer (701) on one of the first side (704) ge compared includes another side lying with a polymer outer layer (703).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a sheet-like composite (800) containing the carrier layer (701) and the barrier layer (803) as superimposed layers of a layer is obtained from the sheet-like substrate (104),

wherein the method after method step c) additional method steps A) folding at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800); and

B) Contacting and connecting a first longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area with a further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area lying opposite the first longitudinal edge, while maintaining a longitudinal seam (1302)

includes.

10. A sheet-like composite (800) obtainable by the method (1100) according to one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A container precursor (1300) obtainable by the method of claim 9.

12. An assembly (100) included as components

a) a punching device (101) including

i) a first tool (102), and

ii) another tool (103); and

b) a sheet-like substrate (104), comprising a carrier layer (701), including a fiber-containing material;

wherein at least one flat area of the flat substrate (104) is arranged between the first tool (102) and the further tool (103);

wherein the first tool (102) and the further tool (103) to introduce at least one hole (1306) in the sheet-like area by contacting the sheet-like area on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate (104) with the first tool (102) and the further tool (103) are arranged and formed;

characterized in that

a. the first tool (102) is arranged and designed to be rotatable in a first direction of rotation (106) about a first axis of rotation (105), b. the further tool (103) is arranged and designed such that it can rotate around a further axis of rotation (107) in a further direction of rotation (108) counter to the first direction of rotation (106).

13. A container precursor (1300) containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800) according to claim 10,

wherein the at least one sheet-like area includes the at least one hole (1306).

14. A container (1400) containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800) according to claim 10,

wherein the at least one sheet-like area includes the at least one hole (1306).

15. A method (1200), including as method steps

A] providing the container precursor (1300) according to claim 11 or 13;

B] shaping a bottom region (1304) of the container precursor (1300) by folding the at least one sheet-like region;

C] closing the bottom area (1304);

D] filling the container precursor (1300) with a food (1401); and

E] Closing the container precursor (1300) in a head area (1303) while He keeps a closed container.

16. A closed container obtainable by the method (1200) of claim 15.

17. A use of the arrangement (100) according to claim 12 for punching the at least one hole (1306) in the sheet-like substrate (104).

18. A use of a sheet-like substrate, comprising a cardboard layer, as the sheet-like substrate (104) of the method (1100) according to one of claims 1 to 9.

19. A use of a rotary punch for making at least one hole (1306) in a sheet-like substrate (104), including a carrier layer (701), for producing a food container.