DE102019211476A1 - METHOD OF MAKING A HOLE IN A FLAT-SHAPED SUBSTRATE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STABLE FOOD CONTAINERS USING ROTATING TOOLS OF A PUNCHING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, including as method steps a) providing i) a punching device, includingA) a first tool, andB) a further tool, andii) a sheet-like substrate, including a carrier layer; b) making at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate by contacting the sheet-like substrate on opposite sides with i) the first tool and ii) the further tool; andc) planar superimposing and planar connection of the carrier layer on a first side of the carrier layer with a barrier layer, so that the at least one hole in the carrier layer is covered with the barrier layer; characterized in that when the at least one hole is made in method step b) a. the first tool rotates in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation and b. the further tool rotates in a further direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation about a further axis of rotation. The invention further relates to a sheet-like composite and a container precursor as process products; an arrangement for punching a sheet-like substrate; a container precursor and a container with at least one region of the aforementioned composite; a method and a closed container obtainable thereby; and uses of the assembly, a substrate, and a rotary die cutter.

Description

1. a) Bereitstellen
   1. i) einer Stanzeinrichtung, beinhaltend
      1. A) ein erstes Werkzeug, und
      2. B) ein weiteres Werkzeug, und
   2. ii) eines flächenförmigen Substrats, beinhaltend eine Trägerschicht;
2. b) Einbringen mindestens eines Lochs in das flächenförmige Substrat mittels Kontaktieren des flächenförmigen Substrats auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit
   1. i) dem ersten Werkzeug und
   2. ii) dem weiteren Werkzeug; und
3. c) flächiges Überlagern und flächiges Verbinden der Trägerschicht auf einer ersten Seite der Trägerschicht mit einer Barriereschicht, so dass das mindestens eine Loch in der Trägerschicht mit der Barriereschicht überdeckt wird;

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem Einbringen des mindestens einen Lochs in dem Verfahrensschritts b)

1. a. das erste Werkzeug in einer ersten Rotationsrichtung um eine erste Rotationsachse rotiert und
2. b. das weitere Werkzeug in einer zu der ersten Rotationsrichtung gegenläufigen weiteren Rotationsrichtung um eine weitere Rotationsachse rotiert.

The present invention relates to a method, including method steps

1. a) Provide
   1. i) a punching device, including
      1. A) a first tool, and
      2. B) another tool, and
   2. ii) a sheet-like substrate containing a carrier layer;
2. b) Making at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate by contacting the sheet-like substrate on opposite sides
   1. i) the first tool and
   2. ii) the further tool; and
3. c) two-dimensional overlaying and two-dimensional connection of the carrier layer on a first side of the carrier layer with a barrier layer, so that the at least one hole in the carrier layer is covered with the barrier layer;

characterized in that when the at least one hole is made in method step b)

1. a. the first tool rotates in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation and
2. b. the further tool rotates about a further axis of rotation in a further direction of rotation that is opposite to the first direction of rotation.

The invention also relates to a sheet-like composite and a container precursor as process products; an arrangement for punching a sheet-like substrate; a container precursor and a container with at least one region of the aforementioned composite; a method and a closed container obtainable thereby; and uses of the assembly, a substrate, and a rotary die cutter.

Food has been preserved for a long time, be it food for human consumption or also animal food products, in which these are stored either in a can or in a jar closed with a lid. Cans and jars have a number of disadvantages. For example, cans and glasses have a considerable weight, which leads to increased energy consumption during transport. In addition, quite a lot of energy is required to produce glass, tinplate or aluminum, even if the raw materials used for this come from recycling. In the case of glasses, there is also an increased transport effort. The glasses are mostly prefabricated in a glassworks and then have to be transported to the food-filling company using considerable transport volumes. In addition, jars and cans can only be opened with considerable effort or with the help of tools and thus rather cumbersome. In the case of cans, there is also a high risk of injury from sharp edges that arise when opening. With glasses it happens again and again that when the filled glasses are filled or opened, glass splinters get into the food, which in the worst case can lead to internal injuries when consuming the food. In addition, both cans and jars must be affixed with labels to identify and advertise the food's contents. The glasses and cans cannot easily be directly printed with information and advertising. In addition to the actual print, a substrate for it, a paper or a suitable film, as well as a fastening means, an adhesive or a sealing means are necessary.

Other packaging systems are known from the prior art, in order to store food for a long period of time with as little damage as possible. These are containers made from sheet-like composites - often also referred to as laminates. Such sheet-like composites are often made up of a thermoplastic plastic layer, a carrier layer usually consisting of cardboard or paper, which gives the container dimensional stability, an adhesion promoter layer, a barrier layer and another plastic layer, such as in WO 90/09926 A2 disclosed. Since the carrier layer gives the container made of the laminate dimensional stability, these containers, in contrast to foil bags, are to be seen as a further development of the aforementioned glasses and cans. Based on this, the invention relates to the technical field of dimensionally stable food containers. More precisely, the invention relates to the production of a laminate for producing dimensionally stable food containers and here especially the punching of holes in the carrier layer of such a laminate. Such holes are often provided to facilitate opening of the finished container. So that the container has sufficient tightness despite the hole in the carrier layer, the hole is covered with the other layers of the laminate as hole cover layers. The container can then often be opened by piercing the hole cover layers with a drinking straw or by destroying them with a construction called an opening aid, which is connected to the container in the area of the hole. The formation of a clearly bordered hole which closes neatly with a drinking straw or, in the case of a pouring hole, has no polymer noses protruding into the hole or polymer threads spanning the hole is desirable. If a drinking straw does not close cleanly with the hole, liquid can escape from the side of the drinking straw, which can have unpleasant consequences for the consumer. If a pouring hole has the noses or threads described above, pouring out can be unclean, especially in the case of beverages containing pulp.

The laminates described above are often produced in a continuous process. Here, a punching machine for making the above-discussed holes in the carrier layer is often placed in front of other systems, such as a coating system. This has the consequence that failures of the punching machine due to repair or maintenance work to be carried out have a direct effect on the production rate of the entire manufacturing process. It is therefore particularly desirable to reduce punch machine downtime. As has been shown, in the technical field of the invention, in contrast to other fields, it makes little technical sense to merely modify the punch.

In general, it is an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome a disadvantage arising from the prior art. Another object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers, wherein the method and the arrangement can be operated with less production downtime. A reduction in production downtimes is preferably achieved by extending the downtime of a punching machine. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers which can be opened as easily as possible with a drinking straw or an opening aid, or which allow the container to be emptied as cleanly as possible after opening, or both. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers which are distinguished by the longest possible shelf life. It is further an object of the invention to provide a method and an arrangement for producing a laminate for dimensionally stable food containers, the method and the arrangement showing at least one of the above advantages also in the case of laminates for food containers with the largest possible pouring holes. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a dimensionally stable food container formed at least partially from a laminate, which has one or more of the aforementioned advantages of food containers.

A contribution to the at least partial fulfillment of at least one, preferably several, of the above tasks is made by the independent claims. The dependent claims provide preferred embodiments which contribute to at least partially fulfilling at least one of the objects.

1. a) Bereitstellen
   1. i) einer Stanzeinrichtung, beinhaltend
      1. A) ein erstes Werkzeug, und
      2. B) ein weiteres Werkzeug, und
   2. ii) eines flächenförmigen Substrats, beinhaltend eine Trägerschicht;
2. b) Einbringen mindestens eines Lochs in das flächenförmige Substrat mittels Kontaktieren des flächenförmigen Substrats auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit
   1. i) dem ersten Werkzeug und
   2. ii) dem weiteren Werkzeug; und
3. c) flächiges Überlagern und flächiges Verbinden der Trägerschicht auf einer ersten Seite der Trägerschicht mit einer Barriereschicht, so dass das mindestens eine Loch in der Trägerschicht mit der Barriereschicht überdeckt wird;

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem Einbringen des mindestens einen Lochs in dem Verfahrensschritts b)

1. a. das erste Werkzeug in einer ersten Rotationsrichtung um eine erste Rotationsachse rotiert und
2. b. das weitere Werkzeug in einer zu der ersten Rotationsrichtung gegenläufigen weiteren Rotationsrichtung um eine weitere Rotationsachse rotiert.

Embodiment 1 of a method 1, including method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention

1. a) Provide
   1. i) a punching device, including
      1. A) a first tool, and
      2. B) another tool, and
   2. ii) a sheet-like substrate containing a carrier layer;
2. b) Making at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate by contacting the sheet-like substrate on opposite sides
   1. i) the first tool and
   2. ii) the further tool; and
3. c) two-dimensional overlaying and two-dimensional connection of the carrier layer on a first side of the carrier layer with a barrier layer, so that the at least one hole in the carrier layer is covered with the barrier layer;

characterized in that when the at least one hole is made in method step b)

1. a. the first tool rotates in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation and
2. b. the further tool rotates about a further axis of rotation in a further direction of rotation that is opposite to the first direction of rotation.

In general, the process steps specified herein take place in the order of their bullet points. Successive process steps can take place one after the other, simultaneously or with a temporal overlap.

The first tool and the further tool preferably work together to produce the at least one hole in method step b). The interaction of the further tool with the first tool preferably includes exerting a first force on the sheet-like substrate by the first tool and exerting a further force opposing the first force on the sheet-like substrate by the further tool. In this case, the further force is preferably a counterforce to the first force. The first force and the further force are preferably equal. The at least one hole is introduced in method step b) preferably as a punching.

The further tool is preferably arranged and designed as a counter-tool to the first tool. Here, the further tool can be arranged and designed as an external tool, into which the first tool engages to make the at least one hole. Alternatively, as a counter-tool to the first tool, the further tool can contain a counter-pressure surface for the first tool. In any case, a counter tool is arranged and designed in such a way that it interacts with the first tool in method step b) for making the at least one hole; in particular, the first tool and the further tool act as a counter tool in method step b) for making the at least a hole on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate. Here, the first tool and the further tool preferably exert opposing forces on the sheet-like substrate. The introduction of the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate in method step b) preferably includes contacting the sheet-like substrate with the first tool, preferably with the stamp, on one side of the sheet-like substrate that lies on the first side of the carrier layer. The aforementioned side of the sheet-like substrate is preferably the first side of the carrier layer. The aforementioned side of the sheet-like substrate is also referred to as the inside. Correspondingly, the first side of the carrier layer is also referred to as the inside thereof. The at least one hole is preferably made in method step b) by punching in the direction from the inside of the sheet-like substrate to its opposite outside.

The planar overlaying and planar connection of the carrier layer with the barrier layer is preferably carried out as a lamination, for example in the case of a metal foil or a polymer film coating with an oxide as a barrier layer, or in the case of a polymer layer such as a polyamide layer as a barrier layer, preferably as an extrusion coating. In the case of lamination, an intermediate polymer composition, preferably alternatively or additionally an adhesion promoter composition, is preferably used as the lamination agent. A polymer intermediate layer between the carrier layer and the barrier layer is preferably obtained from the polymer intermediate composition. An adhesion promoter layer is preferably obtained from the adhesion promoter composition, preferably between the carrier layer or the polymer intermediate layer on the one hand and the barrier layer on the other. A preferred extrusion coating takes place by means of melt layer extrusion, in particular to distinguish it from blow extrusion.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1, wherein the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) includes a separation of at least one punched socket from the sheet-like substrate, the separation along a first punching line of the first tool or a further punch line of the further tool or along both takes place. Furthermore, the separation is preferably carried out by cutting along the first punch line or the further punch line or along both. A preferred cutting is a shear cutting. Here, the shear cutting does not necessarily require the use of one or more cutting edges. Rather, two edges can also shear against each other for shear cutting. However, cutting without scissors is preferably done with a cutting edge. In this case, the first tool preferably contains a cutting edge and the further tool contains a counter-pressure surface for the cutting edge. The first cutting line is preferably a first edge or includes a first edge or includes a first cutting edge or a first cutting edge. The further punch line is preferably a further edge or is contained by a further edge or includes a further cutting edge or is contained by a further cutting edge. The first cutting edge or is preferred the other cutting edge or each of the two a rotary cutting edge. The at least one punching slug preferably has a diameter in a range from 1 to 40 mm, preferably from 2 to 35 mm, more preferably from 3 to 30 mm. In a preferred embodiment the punching slug has a diameter in a range from 2 to 20 mm, more preferably from 3 to 15 mm, more preferably from 3 to 10 mm, even more preferably from 3 to 8 mm. In a further preferred embodiment, the punching slug has a diameter in a range from 5 to 40 mm, more preferably from 10 to 35 mm, more preferably from 15 to 35 mm, even more preferably from 15 to 30 mm. In the case of a non-circular punched slug, its diameter is the distance between two points lying on one side of the punched slug along a straight line through the geometric center of an end face of the punched slug that forms this side of the punched slug. In the case of an oval punched slug, its diameter is the distance between two points lying on one side of the punched slug, the maximum distance between it.

In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) includes shearing a first punch line of the first tool against a further punch line of the further tool, preferably taking place thereby. Here the at least one hole is preferably made by shear cutting. As already described above, shear cutting does not require the use of a cutting edge. Here, the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) includes separating at least one punched socket from the sheet-like substrate, the separation taking place along the first punching line and the further punching line. For this purpose, areas of the first and the further cut lines preferably shear past one another one after the other.

In an embodiment 4 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the first tool contains a stamp, preferably is a stamp, the further tool preferably containing a die which is arranged and designed as a counter tool to the stamp is. A preferred stamp includes the first die line. A preferred die contains the further punch line. Here, the further punch line preferably delimits an opening or a recess in the die.

In an embodiment 5 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the first tool contains a first edge, wherein the further tool contains a further edge, with the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) shearing the first Edge against the further edge includes, preferably takes place thereby, wherein an edge is defined as a line-shaped area of a body, wherein two surfaces of a surface of the body adjoin one another along the line-shaped area, so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle, the first edge or the further edge or both each have a minimum edge angle in a range from 10 to 150 °, preferably from 20 to 140 °, more preferably from 30 to 130 °, more preferably from 40 to 120 °, more preferably from 50 to 120 °, more preferably from 60 to 110 °, more preferably from 70 to 100 °, even more preferably from 80 to 100 °, most preferred th from 80 to 90 °, in particular for the further edge, or from 85 to 95 °, in particular for the first edge.

In an embodiment 6 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 5, the first punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 7 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 6, the further punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 8 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein neither the first tool nor the further tool has a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, more preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 ° , more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

In an embodiment 9 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein neither the first tool nor the further tool contains a cutting edge.

In an embodiment 10 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 9, the first punching line having a first curvature along the first direction of rotation. This configuration of the first tool helps, especially when punching larger holes, to avoid tilting of the first tool when shearing against the further tool, in particular when reaching into the further tool. This makes it possible to reduce wear on the first and the further tool.

In an embodiment 11 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 10, the first curvature defining a first cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 12 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 10 or 11, the first curvature having a first radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The first cylinder jacket surface preferably has the first radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 13 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 12, the further punch line having a further curvature along the further direction of rotation. This configuration of the further tool further helps, in particular when punching larger holes, to avoid tilting of the first tool when shearing against the further tool, in particular when reaching into the further tool. In this way, wear on the first and the further tool can be further reduced.

In an embodiment 14 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 13, the further curvature defining a further cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 15 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 13 or 14, the further curvature having a further radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The further cylinder jacket surface preferably has the further radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 16 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 15, wherein when the first punch line is sheared against the further punch line, a punch gap between the first punch line and the further punch line is less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm, most preferably less than 100 µm wide. Here, areas of the first and the further punch lines can shear past one another one after the other. The punching gap is the gap between the areas of the first and the further punching line that are just shearing past each other. If a width of the punching gap is not constant when shearing, the punching gap is preferably a maximum of less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm, most preferably less than 100 μm wide. Particularly preferably, the first punch line and the further punch line touch each other during the scissors.

1. A. die erste Stanzlinie einen ersten Flugkreis mit einem ersten Radius beschreibt, und
2. B. die weitere Stanzlinie einen weiteren Flugkreis mit einem weiteren Radius beschreibt,

wobei eine Summe aus erstem Radius und dem weiteren Radius mehr ist als der Abstand D.In an embodiment 17 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 16, the first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation being at a distance D, wherein in method step b)

1. A. the first punch line describes a first flight circle with a first radius, and
2. B. the further punch line describes a further flight circle with a further radius,

where a sum of the first radius and the further radius is more than the distance D.

In an embodiment 18 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 17, the sum of the first radius and the further radius by 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm, more than the distance D.

In one embodiment 19 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the introduction of the at least one hole in method step b) including the engagement of the first tool as an internal tool in the further tool as an external tool.

In an embodiment 20 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 2 to 19, the first tool being of cylindrical design, the first punching line being arranged on a cylindrical surface of the first tool. As an alternative or in addition, the further tool is preferably designed in the shape of a cylinder, with the further punching line also preferably being arranged on a cylinder jacket surface of the further tool.

In one embodiment 21 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the punching device additionally including a first shaft or first axis, the first tool being connected to the first shaft or first axis, preferably rigidly, the first shaft or the first axis is rotated in method step b) in the first direction of rotation about the first axis of rotation. In the case of the first shaft, the punching device preferably additionally contains a drive device which is arranged and designed to rotate the first shaft. A preferred drive device includes a motor. Alternatively or additionally, the punching device preferably additionally contains a further shaft or further axis, the further tool being connected to the further shaft or further axis, preferably rigidly, the further shaft or further axis in method step b) in the further direction of rotation the other axis of rotation rotates. In the case of the further shaft, the punching device preferably additionally contains a drive device which is arranged and designed to rotate the first shaft. A preferred drive device includes a motor.

In an embodiment 22 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein in method step b) at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like substrate that is contacted with the first tool and the further tool on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate, a Speed in a range from 100 to 1000 m / min, preferably from 200 to 1000 m / min, more preferably from 300 to 1000 m / min, more preferably from 400 to 900 m / min, most preferably from 500 to 800 m / min . Here, the at least one area of the sheet-like substrate preferably moves at the stated speed in a processing direction that is perpendicular to a first direction in which the first axis of rotation is elongated, or to a further direction in which the further axis of rotation is elongated, or to both is. The sheet-like substrate is preferably moved at the aforementioned speed and further preferably in the aforementioned direction by the first and the further tool, or by a transport device, or by a combination of both.

In an embodiment 23 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the carrier layer contains, preferably consists of, at least two, more preferably at least three, superimposed and flatly interconnected sub-layers. A preferred sub-layer consists of a fiber-containing material. Another preferred sub-layer is a top layer.

In an embodiment 24 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer containing at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, most preferably exactly three, sublayers each made of a fiber-containing material. Here, the fiber-containing materials of the various sub-layers can differ from one another, for example with regard to the length of the fibers or with regard to further components contained in the respective layer, such as one or more sizing agents. The carrier layer preferably also contains at least one cover layer as an additional sub-layer. The sub-layers of fiber-containing material preferably form a layer composite which is overlaid on one or both sides with at least one cover layer. A fiber orientation of the fiber-containing material is preferably anisotropic. The fiber orientation preferably has a preferred direction.

In an inventive embodiment 25, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer being one selected from the group consisting of a cardboard layer, a paper layer and a cardboard layer, or a combination of at least two thereof.

In an embodiment 26 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a weight per unit area in a range from 120 to 450 g / m ² , preferably from 130 to 400 g / m ² , more preferably from 150 to 380 g / m ² . m ² , has.

In an embodiment 27 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer being a solid layer. A solid layer is to be distinguished in particular from a layer with macroscopic cavities, such as, for example, corrugated cardboard for folding boxes or folding cartons.

In an embodiment 28 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a Scott bond value in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 350 J / m ² , more preferably 135 up to 310 J / m ² .

In an embodiment 29 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein the carrier layer has a first bending resistance in a first bending direction in a range from 60 to 450 mN, more preferably from 70 to 400 mN, more preferably from 80 to 350 mN more preferably from 100 to 350 mN, most preferably from 120 to 350 mN. Alternatively, the first bending resistance is preferably in a range from 50 to 400 mN, preferably from 50 to 300 mN, more preferably from 50 to 200 mN, more preferably from 60 to 180 mN, more preferably from 70 to 170 mN, most preferably from 70 to 100 mN .

In an embodiment 30 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and a further bending resistance in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, the further bending resistance being less than the first Bending resistance, preferably by at least 10 mN, more preferably at least 20 mN, more preferably at least 30 mN, more preferably at least 40 mN, more preferably at least 50 mN, more preferably at least 60 mN, more preferably at least 70 mN, more preferably at least 80 mN, more preferably at least 90 mN, even more preferably at least 100 mN, most preferably at least 150 mN.

In an embodiment 31 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the carrier layer having a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and a further bending resistance in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, a ratio of the first bending resistance to the further Flexural resistance in a range from 1 to 3.5, preferably from 1.2 to 3.0, more preferably from 1.5 to 2.8, even more preferably from 1.7 to 2.6, most preferably from 1.8 to 2 , 5, lies.

In an embodiment 32 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 29 to 31, wherein the carrier layer has a further bending resistance in a further bending direction in a range from 20 to 400 mN, preferably from 20 to 300 mN, more preferably from 20 to 250 mN , more preferably from 20 to 200 mN, more preferably from 20 to 180 mN, more preferably from 20 to 160 mN, even more preferably from 40 to 160 mN, most preferably from 60 to 160 mN. Alternatively, the further bending resistance is preferably in a range from 20 to 150 mN, preferably from 20 to 120 mN, most preferably from 20 to 100 mN. The further bending direction is preferably perpendicular to the first bending direction.

In an embodiment 33 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the sheet-like substrate in method step a) including an application of paint overlying the carrier layer and connected to it. The application of paint preferably overlays the carrier layer on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side.

In an embodiment 34 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 32, the method according to method step b), preferably after method step c), more preferably in method step e), overlaying and connecting the carrier layer with an application of paint includes. The superimposition and connection of the carrier layer with the application of paint is preferably carried out as printing. The superimposition and connection of the carrier layer with the paint application is preferably carried out on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side. Preferred printing is gravure printing.

In an embodiment 35 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, with an additional polymer intermediate layer being introduced between the carrier layer and the barrier layer when the carrier layer is superimposed and connected to the barrier layer in step c). The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the polymer intermediate layer when the latter is introduced above.

1. a) flächiges Überlagern und flächiges Verbinden der Trägerschicht auf der ersten Seite mit einer Polymerinnenschicht

beinhaltet. Bevorzugt erfolgt das flächige Überlagern und flächige Verbinden mit der Polymerinnenschicht auf die vorzugsweise aber nicht notwendigerweise bereits auf die Trägerschicht überlagerte Barriereschicht auf einer von der Trägerschicht abgewandten Seite der Barriereschicht. Alternativ kann die Barriereschicht zunächst mit der Polymerinnenschicht überlagert und verbunden und danach die Barriereschicht und die Polymerinnenschicht gemeinsam auf die Trägerschicht überlagert und mit dieser verbunden werden. Bevorzugt wird das mindestens eine Loch in dem flächenförmigen Substrat bei dem vorstehenden flächigen Überlagern und flächigen Verbunden mit der Polymerinnenschicht überdeckt.In an embodiment 36 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method additionally having a method step

1. a) areal superimposition and areal connection of the carrier layer on the first side with an inner polymer layer

includes. The planar superimposition and planar connection with the polymer inner layer is preferably carried out on the barrier layer, which is preferably but not necessarily already superimposed on the carrier layer, on a side of the barrier layer facing away from the carrier layer. Alternatively, the barrier layer can first be overlaid and connected to the inner polymer layer and then the barrier layer and the Polymer inner layer are superimposed together on the carrier layer and connected to it. The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the above sheet-like superimposition and sheet-like connection with the polymer inner layer.

In an embodiment 37 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method after method step b) additionally including a flat superimposition and flat connection of the carrier layer on a further side opposite the first side with a polymer outer layer. The planar overlaying and planar connection with the polymer outer layer takes place preferably before process step c), furthermore preferably before the printing with the paint application. The at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate is preferably covered with the polymer outer layer during the above superimposition.

In an embodiment 38 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, wherein in method step b) the contacting of the sheet-like substrate with the first tool takes place on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side or on the first side of the carrier layer . In method step b), the sheet-like substrate is preferably contacted with the further tool on the first side or on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side.

In an embodiment 39 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its preceding embodiments, the method being a method for producing a sheet-like composite. The sheet-like composite preferably contains the layers described above as superimposed layers of a layer sequence. Here, the layers of the layer sequence are flatly connected to one another.

1. A) Falten mindestens eines flächenförmigen Bereichs des flächenförmigen Verbunds; und
2. B) Kontaktieren und Verbinden eines ersten Längsrands des mindestens flächenförmigen Bereichs mit einem dem ersten Längsrand gegenüber liegenden weiteren Längsrand des mindestens flächenförmigen Bereichs unter Erhalt einer Längsnaht

beinhaltet. Bevorzugt beinhaltet der mindestens eine flächenförmige Bereich das mindestens eine Loch.In an embodiment 40 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 38, whereby a sheet-like composite is obtained from the sheet-like substrate, including the carrier layer and the barrier layer as superimposed layers of a layer sequence, the method according to method step c ) additional procedural steps

1. A) folding at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite; and
2. B) Contacting and connecting a first longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area with a further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional area opposite the first longitudinal edge while obtaining a longitudinal seam

includes. The at least one flat area preferably contains the at least one hole.

In an embodiment 41 according to the invention, the method 1 is designed according to its embodiment 38, the method being a method for producing a container precursor.

Embodiment 1 of a sheet-like composite, obtainable by method 1 according to one of its embodiments 1 to 39, contributes to fulfilling at least one of the objects according to the invention. The sheet-like composite includes the sheet-like substrate with the at least one hole. Furthermore, the sheet-like composite contains the barrier layer, which overlies the carrier layer and covers the at least one hole. The sheet-like composite preferably contains the sheet-like substrate and the barrier layer as superimposed layers in the direction from an outside to an inside of the sheet-like composite; more preferably the sheet-like substrate, the barrier layer and the polymer inner layer; more preferably the outer polymer layer, the sheet-like substrate, the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer; most preferably the polymer outer layer, the sheet-like substrate, the polymer intermediate layer and / or an adhesion promoter layer, the barrier layer and the polymer inner layer.

Embodiment 1 of a container precursor 1, obtainable by method 1 according to its embodiment 40 or 41, contributes to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

1. a) eine Stanzeinrichtung, beinhaltend
   1. i) ein erstes Werkzeug, und
   2. ii) ein weiteres Werkzeug; und
2. b) ein flächenförmiges Substrat, beinhaltend eine Trägerschicht, beinhaltend ein faserhaltiges Material;

wobei mindestens ein flächenförmiger Bereich des flächenförmigen Substrats zwischen dem ersten Werkzeug und dem weiteren Werkzeug angeordnet ist; wobei das erste Werkzeug und das weitere Werkzeug zu einem Einbringen mindestens eines Lochs in den flächenförmigen Bereich mittels Kontaktieren des flächenförmigen Bereichs auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des flächenförmigen Substrats mit dem ersten Werkzeugs und dem weiteren Werkzeug angeordnet und ausgebildet sind;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass

1. a. das erste Werkzeug in einer ersten Rotationsrichtung um eine erste Rotationsachse rotierbar angeordnet und ausgebildet ist,
2. b. das weitere Werkzeug in einer zu der ersten Rotationsrichtung gegenläufigen weiteren Rotationsrichtung um eine weitere Rotationsachse rotierbar angeordnet und ausgebildet ist.

Embodiment 1 of an arrangement, including as components, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention

1. a) a punching device including
   1. i) a first tool, and
   2. ii) another tool; and
2. b) a sheet-like substrate comprising a carrier layer comprising a fiber-containing material;

wherein at least one flat area of the flat substrate is arranged between the first tool and the further tool; wherein the first tool and the further tool for making at least one hole in the sheet-like area by contacting the sheet-like area on opposite sides of the sheet-like substrate with the first tool and the further tool are arranged and designed;
characterized in that

1. a. the first tool is arranged and designed to be rotatable in a first direction of rotation about a first axis of rotation,
2. b. the further tool is arranged and designed to be rotatable about a further axis of rotation in a further direction of rotation that is opposite to the first direction of rotation.

In a preferred embodiment, the punching device has the features of the punching device of method 1 according to one of its embodiments.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 1, the punching device being a rotary punch.

In embodiment 3 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to embodiment 1 or 2, the first tool containing a first punching line or the further tool containing a further punching line or both, so that at least one hole can be made by means of cutting, preferably by cutting , at least one punched socket from the sheet-like area along the first punch line or the further punch line or along both.

In an embodiment 4 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the first tool contains a first punch line and the further tool contains a further punch line, so that at least one hole can be made by means of shearing, preferably by shearing, the first punch line can be made against the other punch line.

In embodiment 5 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the first tool contains a punch, preferably a punch, wherein the further tool contains a die which is arranged and designed as a counter-tool to the punch, is preferred. Preferably, the first and the further axis of rotation, as well as the die and the punch are arranged and designed in such a way that by rotating the punch about the first axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation and rotating the die about the further axis of rotation in the further direction of rotation, the punch is engaged with brought the die and so the at least one hole can be punched in the sheet-like substrate.

In an embodiment 6 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the first tool contains a first edge and the further tool contains a further edge, so that the introduction of at least one hole by means of shearing, preferably by shearing, of the first edge against the further edge, wherein one edge is defined as a line-shaped area of a body, two surfaces of a surface of the body adjoining one another along the line-shaped area, so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle, the first edge or the further edge or both each have a minimum edge angle in a range from 10 to 150 °, preferably from 20 to 140 °, more preferably from 30 to 130 °, more preferably from 40 to 120 °, more preferably from 50 to 120 °, more preferably from 60 to 110 °, more preferably from 70 to 100 °, even more preferably from 80 to 100 °, most preferably from 80 to 90 ° or vo n 85 to 95 °.

In an embodiment 7 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 6, the first punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 8 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 7, the further punch line being a closed punch line.

In an embodiment 9 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 8, with neither the first tool nor the further tool having a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, more preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

In an embodiment 10 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 9, wherein neither the first tool nor the further tool contains a cutting edge.

In an embodiment 11 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 10, the first punching line having a first curvature along the first direction of rotation.

In an embodiment 12 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 11, the first curvature defining a first cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 13 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 11 or 12, the first curvature having a first radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The first cylinder jacket surface preferably has the first radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 14 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 13, the further punch line having a further curvature along the further direction of rotation.

In an embodiment 15 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 14, the further curvature defining a further cylinder jacket surface.

In an embodiment 16 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 14 or 15, the further curvature having a further radius of curvature in a range from 100 to 300 mm, preferably from 125 to 225 mm. The further cylinder jacket surface preferably has the further radius of curvature as the cylinder radius.

In an embodiment 17 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 4 to 16, the first tool and the further tool being arranged and designed in such a way that the shearing of the first punch line against the further punch line to make the at least one hole with a punch gap between the first punch line and the further punch line of less than 500 μm, preferably less than 300 μm, most preferably less than 100 μm.

In an embodiment 18 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 17, the first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation being at a distance D, the first punching line having a first trailing circle with a first radius, the further cutting line being a further trailing circle with a further radius, where a sum of the first radius and the further radius is more than the distance D.

In one embodiment 19 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to its embodiment 18, the sum of the first radius and the further radius being preferably 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm 0.3-0.8mm, more than the distance D.

In an embodiment 20 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 19, the first tool and the further tool being arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be made by engaging, preferably by engaging, the first tool can take place as an internal tool in the further tool as an external tool.

In one embodiment 21 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 3 to 20, the first tool being of cylindrical design, the first punching line being arranged on a cylindrical surface of the first tool. As an alternative or in addition, the further tool is preferably designed in the shape of a cylinder, with the further punching line also preferably being arranged on a cylinder jacket surface of the further tool.

In an embodiment 22 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 21, the punching device additionally including a first shaft or first axis, the first tool being connected to the first shaft or first axis, preferably rigidly, with the first Shaft or first axis is arranged and designed to be rotatable about the first axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation. Alternatively or additionally, the punching device preferably additionally contains a further shaft or further axis, the further tool being connected to the further shaft or further axis, preferably rigidly, the further shaft or further axis being arranged to be rotatable about the further axis of rotation in the further direction of rotation and is trained.

In an embodiment 23 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 22, the carrier layer having the features of the carrier layer according to one of the embodiments of the method 1 according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement additionally contains a transport device, the transport device being arranged and designed to transport the sheet-like substrate in a processing direction. The transport direction preferably includes an unrolling device or a rolling-up device or both in the processing direction one after the other in the above order. A preferred unrolling device is arranged and designed for at least partial unrolling of the sheet-like substrate rolled up into a roll. Here, the unrolling device is preferably arranged upstream of the punching device in the processing direction. A preferred roll-up device is arranged and designed for rolling up the punched sheet-like substrate or a sheet-like composite containing the punched sheet-like substrate. Here, the roll-up device is preferably arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably also after the coating device. Alternatively or in addition, the transport device preferably contains a roller conveyor or a belt conveyor or both.

In an embodiment 24 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 23, wherein a processing direction runs parallel to the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a pressure device, the Printing device is arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably after the coating device, wherein the printing device is arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer with an application of paint. A preferred superimposing and joining of the carrier layer with the paint application is printing. The printing device and the carrier layer for superimposing and connecting the carrier layer with the application of paint are preferably arranged and formed on a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side. A preferred printing device is a printing machine. A preferred printing machine is a gravure printing machine or a flexographic printing machine.

In an embodiment 25 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 24, with a processing direction running parallel to the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a coating device, the Coating device is arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, wherein the coating device is arranged and designed to overlay and planarize the carrier layer on a first side with a barrier layer and thereby cover the at least one hole. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement, the coating device is arranged in the processing direction after the printing device or in front of the printing device.

In an embodiment 26 according to the invention, the arrangement is configured according to its embodiment 25, the coating device also being arranged and designed to introduce a polymer intermediate layer between the barrier layer and the carrier layer during the two-dimensional superimposition and surface connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer intermediate layer when it is introduced.

In an embodiment 27 according to the invention, the arrangement is configured according to its embodiment 25 or 26, the coating device also being arranged and designed to superimpose and connect the carrier layer on the first side with a polymer inner layer. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement in each case, the coating device is arranged and designed in such a way that the planar superimposition and planar connection with the polymer inner layer downstream, overlapping in time, or at the same time as the planar superimposition and planar connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer inner layer during the planar superposition and planar connection with the latter.

In an embodiment 28 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 25 to 27, the coating device also being arranged and designed for a planar superimposition and planar connection of the carrier layer on a further side opposite the first side with a polymer outer layer. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement, the coating device is arranged and designed in such a way that the areal superimposition and areal connection with the polymer outer layer can take place before, temporally overlapping, or at the same time as the areal superimposition and areal connection with the barrier layer. The coating device is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the at least one hole can be covered with the polymer outer layer during the two-dimensional superimposition and surface connection with the latter.

In an embodiment 29 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 25 to 28, the coating device containing an extruder. A preferred extruder includes a pressing device and a nozzle, the pressing device being arranged and designed to press a polymer melt through the nozzle. A preferred pressing device is an extruder piston or an extruder screw. A particularly preferred coating system is a layer extrusion system for melt coating, in particular in contrast to a blow extrusion system.

In an embodiment 30 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 29, the sheet-like substrate being arranged such that in the at least one sheet-like area a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side or the first side of the carrier layer to the first Facing tool. The planar substrate is preferably arranged such that in the at least one planar area the first side of the carrier layer or a further side of the carrier layer opposite the first side faces the further tool.

In an embodiment 31 according to the invention, the arrangement is designed according to one of its embodiments 1 to 30, with a processing direction running parallel to the first direction of rotation and the further direction of rotation between the first tool and the further tool, the arrangement additionally including a longitudinal seam formation device, the The longitudinal seam forming device is arranged in the processing direction after the punching device, preferably after the printing device, as an alternative or in addition to the above, preferably after the coating device, the longitudinal seam forming device including a folding device and a connecting device, the folding device for folding at least one flat area of one of the is arranged and formed sheetlike substrate obtained sheet-like composite, wherein the connecting device for contacting and connecting a first The longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional region is arranged and formed with a further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional region lying opposite the first longitudinal edge while maintaining a longitudinal seam.

An embodiment 1 of a container precursor 2, containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite according to the invention, wherein the at least one sheet-like area contains the at least one hole, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the container precursor 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1, the at least one flat area having at least 2, more preferably at least 4, folds.

In embodiment 3 according to the invention, the container precursor 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the at least one sheet-like region of the sheet-like substrate containing a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container precursor .

Embodiment 1 of a preferably closed container, containing at least one flat, contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects of the invention Area of the sheet-like composite according to the invention, the at least one sheet-like area containing the at least one hole.

In embodiment 2 according to the invention, the container is designed according to its embodiment 1, the at least one flat area including a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge, the first longitudinal edge being connected to the further longitudinal edge to form a longitudinal seam of the container.

In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the container is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the container containing a food.

1. A] Bereitstellen des Behältervorläufers 1 oder 2, jeweils nach einer seiner Ausführungsformen;
2. B] Formen eines Bodenbereichs des Behältervorläufers durch Falten des mindestens einen flächenförmigen Bereichs;
3. C] Verschließen des Bodenbereichs;
4. D] Befüllen des Behältervorläufers mit einem Nahrungsmittel; und
5. E] Verschließen des Behältervorläufers in einem Kopfbereich unter Erhalt eines geschlossenen Behälters.

An embodiment 1 of a method 2, including method steps, makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the tasks according to the invention

1. A] Provision of the container precursor 1 or 2, each according to one of its embodiments;
2. B] shaping a bottom area of the container precursor by folding the at least one flat area;
3. C] closing the bottom area;
4. D] filling the container precursor with a food; and
5. E] Closing the container precursor in a head area to obtain a closed container.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the method 2 is configured according to its embodiment 1, the method being a method for producing a closed container.

• F] Verbinden des geschlossenen Behälters mit einer Öffnungshilfe

beinhaltet. Bevorzugt wird in dem Verfahrensschritt F) das mindestens eine Loch mindestens teilweise mit der Öffnungshilfe überdeckt.In an embodiment 3 according to the invention, the method 2 is designed according to its embodiment 1 or 2, the method having one method step

• F] Connecting the closed container to an opening aid

includes. In method step F), the at least one hole is preferably covered at least partially with the opening aid.

An embodiment 1 of a closed container, obtainable by the method 2 according to one of its embodiments, makes a contribution to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the closed container has the features of the container according to the invention according to one of its embodiments.

An embodiment 1 of a use 1 of the arrangement according to one of its embodiments for punching the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

An embodiment 1 of a use 2 of a sheet-like substrate, including a cardboard layer, as the sheet-like substrate of the method 1 according to one of its embodiments makes a contribution to fulfilling at least one of the objects of the invention.

An embodiment 1 of a use 3 of a rotary punch for making at least one hole in a sheet-like substrate, including a carrier layer, for producing a food container contributes to the fulfillment of at least one of the objects of the invention.

In an embodiment 2 according to the invention, the use 3 is configured according to its embodiment 1, the at least one hole being made by shear cutting.

Features that are described as preferred in a category according to the invention, for example according to method 1 of the invention, are also preferred in an embodiment of the further categories according to the invention, for example an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention or one of uses 1 to 3.

Punching

Punching refers to a separation process in which at least one hole is made in a sheet-like substrate, at least one punch being cut out of the sheet-like substrate by means of a punching movement of at least one tool to make the at least one hole. Here, a shape of the punched socket is predetermined by the at least one tool, preferably by a punch line of the at least one tool. The punch line of a tool is precisely the linear area of the tool which defines the shape of the punch socket. Here, the shape of the punch can be specified by the punch line of a tool alone, which can be the case, for example, in the case of a tool with a cutting edge, but the shape of the punch can also be predetermined by the punch lines of several tools together, for example in the case of one Punching by shearing the edges of two tools against each other can be the case. In the above-mentioned case of the cutting edge, the punching line is precisely the linear area in which the surfaces of the cutting edge which include the blade angle of the cutting edge converge. In the aforementioned case of two edges, the punching lines are precisely those sections of the two edges which, through their shearing movement, separate the punching slug from the sheet-like substrate. The punching slug is generally the material positive to the immaterial hole. In other words, the hole is precisely the absence of the punched socket in the sheet-like substrate.

For punching the at least one hole, the punching device contains the first tool and the further tool. Each tool can be designed in one piece. In particular, the first tool can be designed in one piece with a punch. Furthermore, the further tool can be designed in one piece with a die or as a counter-punching cylinder which contains a counter-pressure surface for the punch of the first tool. However, the first tool preferably includes a first carrier that carries the punch. The stamp is preferably received in a receptacle in the first carrier. Furthermore, the stamp is preferably fixed to the first carrier, preferably by means of at least one fastening means. The further tool preferably contains a further carrier which carries a die. The die is preferably received in a receptacle of the further carrier. Furthermore, the die is preferably fixed to the further carrier, preferably by means of at least one fastening means. The first tool can be arranged in the punching device as an upper tool or as a lower tool for the further tool.

Punching device

In principle, any device that appears suitable to the person skilled in the art for punching the at least one hole in the sheet-like substrate can be considered as the punching device. A preferred punching device is a punch, also called a punching machine, or a punching unit. A particularly preferred punch is a rotary punch and a particularly preferred punching unit is a rotary punching unit. Here, the rotary punch is basically to be distinguished from a linear punch, also called a lifting punch, such as a flat-bed punch. With a linear punch or a stroke punch, the punching movement is a straight punching stroke of one tool against another. In the case of the rotary punch, the punching movement takes place as mutually opposing rotational movements of two tools around different rotational axes, the two rotational axes and the two tools being arranged so that the tools interact at one point of their rotation to form the punching. A rotary punch and a rotary punching unit preferably contain a rotatably mounted first punching cylinder and a likewise rotatably mounted further punching cylinder. The first punching cylinder preferably carries the first tool. The further punching cylinder preferably carries the further tool. Another preferred rotary punch and a further preferred rotary punch unit preferably includes a rotatably mounted punch cylinder and a counter-punch cylinder that is likewise rotatably mounted. In this case, the punching cylinder preferably carries the first tool and the counter-punching cylinder is the further tool. Here, a cylinder jacket surface of the counter-punching cylinder is preferably arranged and designed as a counter-pressure surface for the first tool. In this case, the first tool preferably includes a cutting edge.

Punch and die

The punch and the die of a punching device preferred according to the invention are designed and arranged as counterparts. In this case, the die preferably contains an outer shape, for which the punch contains the matching inner shape. For this purpose, the die preferably contains a through hole or a recess into which at least part of the punch fits in a shear. An edge of the through hole or the recess of the die is preferably defined by an edge. Furthermore, the stamp preferably includes an edge. Preferably, the punch and the die are arranged and designed that the punching, that is to say the introduction of the at least one hole into the sheet-like substrate, can take place by means of shearing an edge of the punch with an edge of the die.

Here, the punch preferably engages in the die in such a way that the edge of the punch is inserted into the through hole or the recess of the die. The edge of the stamp preferably, but not necessarily, forms a closed curve.

Edge

An edge is here a line-shaped area of a body, with two surfaces of a surface of the body adjoining one another along the edge, so that the two surfaces enclose an edge angle. The first and further tools, in particular the punch and the die, come into consideration here as the above body.

Accordingly, the first tool preferably contains a first edge and the further tool preferably contains a further edge, the introduction of the at least one hole including shearing of the first edge against the further edge, preferably taking place thereby. The first edge is preferably an edge of a stamp. The further edge is preferably an edge of a die. The first edge preferably has a shape of at least part of a circumference, more preferably the entire circumference, of the at least one hole. Furthermore, the further edge preferably has the shape of at least part of a circumference, more preferably the entire circumference, of the at least one hole. The portion of the first edge that is in the shape of at least part of the circumference of the at least one hole is the first punch line of the first tool. The section of the further edge which has the shape of at least part of the circumference of the at least one hole is the further punch line of the further tool.

The edge angle here is preferably for the first tool or the further tool or particularly preferably for both at least 5 °, more preferably at least 10 °, more preferably at least 20 °, more preferably at least 30 °, more preferably at least 40 °, more preferably at least 50 °, more preferably at least 60 °, more preferably at least 70 °, even more preferably at least 80 °. A particularly preferred edge angle is in a range from 40 to 140 °, more preferably from 50 to 130 °, more preferably from 60 to 120 °, more preferably from 70 to 110 °, even more preferably from 80 to 100 °, most preferably from 80 to 90 ° , especially for the further edge, or from 85 to 95 °, especially for the first edge.

Cutting edge

A preferred first tool does not include a cutting edge. Furthermore, the further tool preferably does not contain a cutting edge. Here, a cutting edge is a facet (bevel) that has been ground into a cutting edge. A cutting edge can be ground on one or both sides. Areas of a surface adjoin one another along the cutting edge and enclose a so-called blade angle. The aforementioned surfaces do not belong to the cutting edge and are therefore not ground. A preferred first tool, in particular a preferred punch, does not have a blade angle of less than 5 °, preferably less than 10 °, more preferably less than 20 °, more preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 40 °, more preferably less than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 °, more preferably less than 70 °, even more preferably less than 80 °.

Axis of rotation

The first axis of rotation and the further axis of rotation are not components here, but imaginary straight lines in space that are defined by a rotational movement. The first axis of rotation is thus defined in that the first tool rotates in the first direction of rotation about the first axis of rotation and / or is arranged and designed to be rotatable. Analogously to this, the further axis of rotation is defined in that the further tool rotates in the further direction of rotation about the further axis of rotation and / or is arranged and designed to be rotatable.

Flat substrate

All sheet-like materials which are conceivable within the scope of the invention and appear suitable to the person skilled in the art for the use according to the invention for the production of dimensionally stable food containers can be considered as sheet-like substrate. The sheet-like substrate contains a carrier layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier layer is superimposed on one side with an application of paint, preferably printed. The sheet-like substrate preferably consists of the Carrier layer and the application of paint. In another preferred embodiment, the sheet-like substrate consists of the carrier layer.

Flat composite

All sheet-like composite materials with several layers that are conceivable within the scope of the invention and appear suitable for the use according to the invention for the production of dimensionally stable food containers are suitable as sheet-like composite. Flat composites for the production of food containers are also known as laminates. Such sheet-like composites have a sequence of layers superimposed on one another in sheet-like fashion. The sheet-like composites are often made up of a thermoplastic polymer layer, which is referred to herein as the polymer outer layer, a carrier layer usually consisting of cardboard or paper, which gives the container its dimensional stability, a thermoplastic polymer layer, which is referred to herein as the polymer intermediate layer and / or an adhesion promoter layer, a barrier layer and a further thermoplastic polymer layer, referred to herein as the polymer inner layer, as in, inter alia WO 90/09926 A2 disclosed. The layers of the sheet-like composite that form the layer sequence are preferably connected to one another over a large area. Two layers are bound together if their adhesion to one another exceeds van der Waals forces of attraction. Layers connected to one another are preferably one selected from the group consisting of sealed with one another, glued to one another, and pressed together, or a combination of at least two thereof. Unless stated otherwise, the layers in a layer sequence can follow one another indirectly, that is to say with one or at least two intermediate layers, or directly, that is to say without an intermediate layer. This is particularly the case with the formulation in which one layer is superimposed on another layer. A formulation in which a layer sequence contains enumerated layers means that at least the specified layers are present in the specified order. This formulation does not necessarily mean that these layers immediately follow one another. A formulation in which two layers adjoin one another means that these two layers follow one another directly and therefore without an intermediate layer. However, this formulation does not say anything about whether the two layers are connected to one another or not. Rather, these two layers can be in contact with one another. However, these two layers are preferably connected to one another.

Outside

The outside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite which is intended to be in contact with the surroundings of the container in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite. This is not opposed by the fact that in individual areas of the container the outside of different areas of the composite are folded onto one another or connected to one another, for example sealed onto one another. The outside of a layer of the sheet-like composite or of the sheet-like substrate is a side which, in the sheet-like composite, is the outside of the sheet-like composite or faces it. According to the invention, the at least one hole is preferably made by punching in the direction from the inside of the sheet-like substrate to the outside thereof.

inside

The inside of the sheet-like composite is a surface of a layer of the sheet-like composite which is intended to be in contact with the contents of the container, preferably a food, in a container to be produced from the sheet-like composite. The other side of the carrier layer faces the inside in the planar composite. The inside of a layer of the sheet-like composite or of the sheet-like substrate is a side which, in the sheet-like composite, is the inside of the sheet-like composite or faces it. In the sheet-like composite, the first side of the carrier layer faces its inside, that is to say it is the inside of the carrier layer.

hole

The at least one hole is at least one through hole which penetrates at least the carrier layer of the sheet-like substrate, preferably the entire sheet-like substrate. The at least one hole can have any shape known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for removing a food from a dimensionally stable food container which is at least partially formed from a sheet-like composite. The shape is preferred for use with an opening aid or a drinking straw suitable. Often, such holes in the top have curves. The holes can thus be essentially circular, oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. With the shape of the at least one hole, the shape of the opening, which is produced either by an opening aid connected to the container or by a drinking straw in the container, is usually also predetermined. The openings of the opened container thus often have shapes that are comparable or even identical to the at least one hole. The at least one hole therefore preferably serves to facilitate opening of a container formed at least partially from a sheet-like composite containing a region of the sheet-like substrate. The opening of the container created in this way can be used to release the food located in the container or, in the case of several holes in the area of the sheet-like substrate, also to ventilate the container when the food is released.

The layers covering the at least one hole are summarized herein under the term “hole cover layers”. In connection with covering the at least one hole, it is preferred that the hole cover layers are at least partially, preferably at least 30%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 90% of the area formed by the at least one hole connected to one another. It is also preferred that the hole cover layers are connected to one another at the edges of the at least one hole and, preferably connected, lie against the edges in order to achieve an improved tightness via a connection extending over the entire hole surface. Often the hole cover layers are connected to one another via the area formed by the at least one hole. This leads to good tightness of the container formed from the composite and thus to the desired long shelf life of the food stored in the container.

Carrier layer

Any material that appears suitable for this purpose to the person skilled in the art can be used as the carrier layer, which has sufficient strength and rigidity to give the container sufficient stability that the container essentially retains its shape when filled. This is in particular a necessary feature of the carrier layer, since the invention relates to the technical field of dimensionally stable containers. Such dimensionally stable containers are basically to be distinguished from bags and sacks, which are usually made of thin films. In addition to a number of plastics, fiber materials based on plants, in particular cellulose, preferably glued, bleached and / or unbleached cellulose are preferred, paper and cardboard being particularly preferred. A particularly preferred carrier layer is a cardboard layer. Accordingly, a preferred carrier layer contains a multiplicity of fibers. The weight per unit area of the carrier layer is preferably in a range from 120 to 450 g / m ² , particularly preferably in a range from 130 to 400 g / m ² and most preferably in a range from 150 to 380 g / m ² . A preferred cardboard box usually has a single or multilayer structure and can be coated on one or both sides with one or more cover layers. Furthermore, a preferred cardboard box has a residual moisture content of less than 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight and particularly preferably from 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cardboard. A particularly preferred cardboard box has a multilayer structure. Furthermore, the cardboard preferably has at least one, but particularly preferably at least two layers of a top layer on the surface facing the environment, which is known to the person skilled in the art as a “line”. Furthermore, a preferred cardboard has a Scott Bond value (according to Tappi 569) in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 350 J / m ² and particularly preferably from 135 to 310 J / m ² . The above-mentioned areas make it possible to provide a composite from which a container can be folded with high tightness, easily and with low tolerances. The carrier layer preferably has a flexural resistance in a range from 80 to 550 mN in a first direction. In the case of a carrier layer which contains a plurality of fibers, the first direction is preferably a direction of orientation of the fibers. A carrier layer which contains a multiplicity of fibers furthermore preferably has a bending resistance in a range from 20 to 300 mN in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A preferred sheet-like composite with the carrier layer has a flexural resistance in the first direction in a range from 100 to 700 mN. Furthermore, the aforementioned sheet-like composite preferably has a bending resistance in the second direction in a range from 50 to 500 mN.

A particularly preferred carrier layer has a basis weight in a range from 140 to 400 g / m ² , preferably from 150 to 350 g / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 330 g / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 320 g / m ² , even more more preferably from 160 to 300 g / m ² , even more preferably from 160 to 250 g / m ² , most preferably from 160 to 240 g / m ² . Furthermore, the carrier layer is preferably a solid layer. A solid layer is to be distinguished in particular from a layer with macroscopic cavities, such as, for example, corrugated cardboard for folding boxes or folding cartons. Alternatively or in addition, a preferred carrier layer has a Scott bond Value in a range from 100 to 360 J / m ² , preferably from 120 to 340 J / m ² , more preferably from 140 to 320 J / m ² , more preferably from 160 to 300 J / m ² , more preferably from 170 to 280 J / m ² , more preferably from 180 to 260 J / m ² , most preferably from 190 to 250 J / m ² . Alternatively or in addition, a particularly preferred carrier layer has a first bending resistance in a first bending direction in a range from 70 to 700 mN, preferably from 80 to 650 mN. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the carrier layer has a first bending resistance in a first bending direction and, in a further bending direction perpendicular to the first bending direction, a further bending resistance which is less than the first bending resistance, preferably by at least 10 mN, more preferably at least 20 mN, more preferably at least 30 mN, more preferably at least 40 mN, more preferably at least 50 mN, more preferably at least 60 mN, more preferably at least 70 mN, more preferably at least 80 mN, more preferably at least 90 mN, even more preferably at least 100 mN, most preferably at least 150 mN. Alternatively or additionally, the carrier layer preferably has a further bending resistance in a further bending direction in a range from 10 to 350 mN, preferably from 20 to 300 mN. The further bending direction is preferably perpendicular to the first bending direction.

The carrier layer preferably contains at least 2, more preferably at least 3, particularly preferably exactly 3 or 5, sublayers, each of which is made of a fiber-containing material, superimposed on one another and connected to one another over a large area. The fiber-containing materials of the individual sub-layers can differ from one another at least partially or they can all be the same. A further particularly preferred carrier layer contains, as sublayers of a sublayer sequence that are superimposed on one another and are connected to one another over a large area, in the direction from a further side opposite the first side of the carrier layer to the first side, a first sublayer containing a fibrous material, a second sublayer containing a fibrous material and a third sub-layer including a fibrous material. The fiber-containing materials of the first to third sub-layers can be the same or different from one another. Furthermore, a preferred carrier layer contains, in addition to the aforementioned layer sequence, at least one cover layer as a further sub-layer. The layer sequence comprising the first to third sublayer is preferably overlaid on the further side of the carrier layer with at least one cover layer as a sublayer. As an alternative or in addition, the sequence of layers comprising the first to third sublayer is superimposed on the first side of the carrier layer with at least one cover layer as a sublayer. Preferably, an average fiber length of the plurality of fibers of the fiber-containing material of the first sub-layer is less than an average fiber length of the plurality of fibers of the fiber-containing material of the third sub-layer, preferably by 0.1 to 3 mm, more preferably by 0.5 to 2.5 mm , most preferably around 1 to 2.0 mm.

Top layer

A preferred top layer is a "line". In papermaking, a “line” is a top layer that contains inorganic solid particles, preferably pigments and additives. The “line” is preferably applied as a liquid phase, preferably as a suspension or dispersion, to a surface of a layer containing paper or cardboard. A preferred dispersion is an aqueous dispersion. A preferred suspension is an aqueous suspension. Another preferred liquid phase contains inorganic solid particles, preferably pigments; a binder; and additives. A preferred pigment is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, kaolin, talc, silicate, a plastic pigment and titanium dioxide. A preferred kaolin is a calcined kaolin. A preferred calcium carbonate is one selected from the group consisting of marble, chalk and a precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred silicate is a sheet silicate. A preferred plastic pigment is spherical, preferably hollow spherical. A preferred binder is one selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene, acrylate, acrylonitrile, a starch and a polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of at least two thereof, with acrylate being preferred. A preferred starch is one selected from the group consisting of cationically modified, anionically modified and fragmented, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred additive is one selected from the group consisting of a rheology modifier, a shading dye, an optical brightener, a carrier for an optical brightener, a flocculant, a deaerator and a surface energy modifier or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred deaerator is a coating color deaerator, preferably based on silicone or fatty acid or both. A preferred surface energy modifier is a surfactant.

Fibrous material

The fiber-containing material contains a multiplicity of fibers and preferably at least its further component. A preferred further component is a sizing agent. A preferred sub-layer of a fiber-containing material includes a plurality of fibers and at least one sizing agent.

Fibers

Fibers of a fiber-containing material are all fibers that appear suitable to the person skilled in the art for the use according to the invention, in particular all fibers known in the manufacture of paper, cardboard or paperboard. Fibers are linear, elongated structures that have a length to diameter or thickness ratio of at least 3: 1. For some fibers, the aforementioned ratio is no greater than 100: 1. For use in this document, long fibers have an average fiber length in a range from 3 to 4 mm and short fibers have an average fiber length in a range from 0.4 to 2 mm.

Preferred fibers are vegetable fibers. Plant fiber is a collective term for fibers of plant origin, i.e. fibers obtained from plants. Plant fibers occur in plants as vascular bundles in the stem or trunk, the bark (e.g. as bast) and as seed extensions. A subdivision is made according to DIN 60001-1: 2001-05 Textile fibers - Part 1: "Natural fibers and short symbols", Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 2 in seed fibers, bast fibers and hard fibers or after DIN EN ISO 6938: 2015-01 "Textiles - Natural Fibers - Generic Names and Definitions", Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2015, p. 4. in seed fibers, bast fibers, leaf fibers and fruit fibers, which divide the hard fibers. Plant fibers preferred in the context of the invention are predominantly produced from the wood of trees. A preferred wood here is a softwood, that is, a wood of a conifer, or a hardwood, that is a wood of a deciduous tree. In the case of softwood, tracheids are preferred. In the case of hardwood, libriforms are preferred.

1. A) ein mittlere Faserlänge in einem Bereich von 0,2 bis 6 mm, bevorzugt von 0,2 bis 4,5 mm, bevorzugter von 0,5 bis 4,0 mm, bevorzugter von 1,0 bis 4,0, noch bevorzugter von 2,0 bis 4,0, am bevorzugtesten von 3,0 bis 4,0 mm,
2. B) eine Coarseness in einem Bereich von 50 bis 400 µg/m, bevorzugt von 100 bis 300 µg/m, bevorzugter von 120 bis 300 µg/m, noch bevorzugter von 120 bis 250 µg/m, am bevorzugtesten von 130 bis 200 µg/m,
3. C) eine mittlere Wanddicke in einem Bereich von Wanddicke 2 bis 10 µm, bevorzugt von 3 bis 9 µm, bevorzugter von 4 bis 9 µm, bevorzugter von 5 bis 8 µm, noch bevorzugter von 6 bis 8 µm, am bevorzugtesten von 6 bis 7 µm,
4. D) einen mittleren Außendurchmesser in einem Bereich von 10 bis 50 µm, bevorzugter von 10 bis 45 µm, bevorzugter von 20 bis 45 µm, bevorzugter von 25 bis 45 µm, bevorzugter von 30 bis 45 µm, noch bevorzugter von 30 bis 40 µm, am bevorzugtesten von 32 bis 40 µm.

Hierbei ist die obige Eigenschaft unter Punkt A) besonders bevorzugt.Fibers preferred in the context of the invention contain cellulose or a wood pulp or both, the fibers preferably consist of these. A preferred wood pulp is one selected from the group consisting of ground wood, pressure ground and a thermomechanical pulp (thermo-mechanical pulp - TMP), or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred thermomechanical wood pulp is a chemithermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP). The wood pulp is characterized by a greater proportion of lignin compared to the pulp, which can be detected by means of red coloring with phloroglucinol solution. Fibers preferred in the context of the invention are obtained from the wood of a tree selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, birch and eucalyptus, or a combination of at least two thereof. The fibers of the plurality of fibers of a preferred fibrous material have at least one of the following properties:

1. A) an average fiber length in a range from 0.2 to 6 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 mm, more preferably from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, more preferably from 1.0 to 4.0, even more preferably from 2.0 to 4.0, most preferably from 3.0 to 4.0 mm,
2. B) a coarseness in a range from 50 to 400 µg / m, preferably from 100 to 300 µg / m, more preferably from 120 to 300 µg / m, even more preferably from 120 to 250 µg / m, most preferably from 130 to 200 µg / m,
3. C) an average wall thickness in a range from wall thickness 2 to 10 μm, preferably from 3 to 9 μm, more preferably from 4 to 9 μm, more preferably from 5 to 8 μm, even more preferably from 6 to 8 μm, most preferably from 6 to 7 µm,
4. D) an average outside diameter in a range from 10 to 50 µm, more preferably from 10 to 45 µm, more preferably from 20 to 45 µm, more preferably from 25 to 45 µm, more preferably from 30 to 45 µm, even more preferably from 30 to 40 µm, most preferably from 32 to 40 µm.

The above property under point A) is particularly preferred.

Sizing agents

In the technical field of paper, cardboard and cardboard manufacture, the person skilled in the art understands by sizing or sizing to mean reducing the hydrophilic properties of paper, cardboard or cardboard in order to make the material printable with aqueous or solvent-based printing inks. A person skilled in the art differentiates between surface sizing (thin application of glue on the upper side of a material web or a sheet) and in-situ sizing. In the case of in-situ sizing, at least one sizing agent is added to the fiber mass before the sheet is formed. In the context of the invention, suitable sizing agents are all sizing agents which appear suitable for the use according to the invention, with sizing agents for bulk sizing being particularly preferred. Sizing agents are preferably polymers with a hydrophobic effect. A preferred sizing agent is a copolymer of styrene and acrylic acid esters, or of styrene and maleic acid; a resin; or an ester. A preferred ester is an alkyl ketene dimer or an alkenyl succinic anhydride or a mixture of both. A preferred one Alkyl ketene dimer is also abbreviated as AKD in papermaking. A preferred alkenyl succinic anhydride is also abbreviated as ASA in papermaking. AKD has the structural formula:

In the oxetane ring of preferred alkylene dimers there is a C ₁₂ to C ₁₆ alkyl group in the 3 position and a C ₁₃ to C ₁₇ alkylidene group in the 4 position. AKD can usually be used without the addition of aluminum sulfate. Suitable AKD can be obtained from naturally occurring products. Vegetable or animal fats and oils (eg palm kernel oil), from which the higher fatty acids (palmitic or stearic acid) can be isolated by splitting fat, are suitable as starting material. To produce the suitable AKD, these can be converted into the corresponding acid chlorides (alkyl-CH ₂ -CO-Cl), from which in the presence of an amine by dehydrohalogenation (cleavage of HCl) and simultaneous dimerization of the intermediate ketene (alkyl-CH = C = O) the AKD arises.

ASA also has the structural formula:

A preferred alkenylsuccinic anhydride has a long-chain (preferably C ₁₄ to C ₂₂ ) branched iso-alkene radical in the 2-position.

In the carrier layer described above, which contains a sub-layer sequence, containing a first to third sub-layer each made of a fiber-containing material, the fiber-containing material of the second sub-layer preferably contains an alkyl ketene dimer or an alkenyl succinic anhydride or a mixture of both as a sizing agent. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the fiber-containing material of the first sublayer or the third sublayer or both contains a resin, preferably rosin.

resin

Suitable resins are all resins and resin sizes known to the person skilled in the art and appearing suitable for the purpose according to the invention. A preferred resin is a natural resin, a chemically modified natural resin, or a synthetic resin or a mixture of at least two of the aforementioned. A preferred resin glue is a natural resin glue, a chemically modified natural resin, or a synthetic resin or a mixture of at least two of the aforementioned.

Natural resins are secreted by animals and plants, especially trees. They are primarily used to close wounds on the plant. Resins are traditionally yellowish to brownish, clear to cloudy, sticky and non-crystalline materials of natural origin that are soluble in common organic solvents, but not in water. In general, natural resin is a collective term for mixtures of different chemical substances, each of which contains resin acids, which belong to the carboxylic acids. A preferred natural resin is one selected from the group consisting of turpentine, balsams, gum lacquer, rosin, sandarac, and mastic, or a combination of at least two thereof. Here, rosin is particularly preferred. All of the above natural resins can also be produced synthetically. A resin that is particularly preferred according to the invention is a chemically modified rosin. A chemical modification of a natural resin which is preferred in the production of resin size suitable includes a modification of resin acids, which preferably includes reinforcement or at least partial esterification or both. Further preferably, the enhancement includes increasing a number of carboxyl groups by reaction with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid or both. The strengthening preferably reduces a tendency of tall resins to crystallize during saponification, increased the stability of the dispersions and increases the adhesion of the resin particles in the fiber, which ultimately leads to an increased sizing effect.

According to ISO 4618: 2014 (de) (“Coating materials - terms”), synthetic resins are synthetic resins produced by polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation reactions. According to the IUPAC conventions, they are soft solids or highly viscous substances that usually contain prepolymers with reactive functional groups (entry for "resin" in "IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology" (the "Gold Book"), doi: 10.1351 / goldbook.RT07166 , Version 2.3.3). When processed, synthetic resins usually consist of two main components. Mixing both parts (resin and hardener) results in a reactive resin compound. During the hardening process, the viscosity rises and when the hardening process is complete, an infusible plastic (thermoset) is obtained. Synthetic resins can be modified by natural substances, for example vegetable or animal oils or natural resins, such as. B. with alkyd resins. Natural resins that have been modified by esterification or saponification are also referred to as synthetic resins. A preferred synthetic resin is one selected from the group consisting of a phenolic resin, an aminoplast, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, and an ABS resin, or a combination of at least two thereof. Phenolic resins can be obtained by polycondensation of formaldehyde and phenol. Preferred aminoplasts are urea formaldehyde (UF resin) or melamine formaldehyde (MF resin) or both. Urea-formaldehyde is obtained through the polycondensation of formaldehyde with urea. Melamine-formaldehyde can be obtained by polycondensing formaldehyde with melamine. Epoxy resins are obtainable from polyhydric phenols and epichlorohydrin by polyaddition or polycondensation or both. Polyester resins (UP resins) are available based on unsaturated polyesters. ABS resins are mixtures of at least one resin with an elastomer. The basic monomers here are acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene. Synthetic resins are usually liquid or solid amorphous products without a sharp boiling or melting point. For technical use, the synthetic resins are often available in the form of an emulsion or suspension or are produced in this form. Many of these synthetic resins can in principle also be used as real solutions, but since the solvents usually required for this are volatile organic compounds, this proportion is becoming ever smaller. The synthetic resins include, for example, condensation resins and reaction resins.

Following the recommendations of IUPAC, the term resin is not generally equated with polymers. Accordingly, for example, polyethylene is not a resin, even if the term polyethylene resin is used in some specialist circles.

Polymer layers

In the following, the term “polymer layer” relates in particular to the polymer inner layer, the polymer intermediate layer and the polymer outer layer. A preferred polymer is a polyolefin. The polymer layers can have further components. The polymer layers are preferably incorporated into or applied to the sheet-like composite material in an extrusion process. The further constituents of the polymer layers are preferably constituents which do not adversely affect the behavior of the polymer melt when applied as a layer. The other constituents can be, for example, inorganic compounds such as metal salts or other plastics such as other thermoplastics. However, it is also conceivable that the further constituents are fillers or pigments, for example carbon black or metal oxides. Suitable thermoplastics for the further constituents are in particular those that are easy to process due to good extrusion behavior. Among these are polymers obtained by chain polymerization, in particular polyolefins, with cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polycyclic olefin copolymers (POC), in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, being particularly preferred and polyethylene being very particularly preferred. Among the polyethylenes, HDPE (high density polyethylene), MDPE (medium density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and VLDPE (very low density polyethylene) and mixtures of at least two thereof are preferred. Mixtures of at least two thermoplastics can also be used. Suitable polymer layers have a melt flow rate (MFR) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from 2 to 20 g / 10 min and particularly preferably in a range from 2.5 to 15 g / 10 min, and a density in a range from 0.890 g / cm ³ to 0.980 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 0.895 g / cm ³ to 0.975 g / cm ³ , and more preferably in a range from 0.900 g / cm ^{3 3} to 0.970 g / cm ³ . The polymer layers preferably have at least one melting temperature in a range from 80 to 155 ° C, preferably in a range from 90 to 145 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 95 to 135 ° C.

Polymer inner layer

The inner polymer layer is based on at least one thermoplastic polymer, it being possible for the inner polymer layer to contain a particulate inorganic solid. However, it is preferred that the inner polymer layer contains at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the inner polymer layer, one or more thermoplastic polymers. The polymer or the polymer mixture of the polymer inner layer preferably has a density (according to ISO 1183-1: 2004) in a range from 0.900 to 0.980 g / cm ³ , particularly preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.960 g / cm ³ and most preferably in a range from 0.900 to 0.940 g / cm ³ . Preferably the polymer is a polyolefin, m-polymer, or a combination of both. The inner polymer layer preferably includes a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. A particularly preferred polyethylene here is an LDPE. The polymer inner layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, most preferably at least 50% by weight, each based on the total weight of the polymer inner layer. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer inner layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, most preferably at least 20% by weight, each based on the total weight of the polymer inner layer. In addition or as an alternative to one or more of the aforementioned polymers, the inner polymer layer preferably contains a polymer produced by means of a metallocene catalyst, preferably an mPE. The inner polymer layer preferably contains the mPE in a proportion of at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the inner polymer layer. Here, the inner polymer layer can contain 2 or more, preferably 2 or 3, of the aforementioned polymers in a polymer blend, for example at least a portion of the LDPE and the mPE, or at least a portion of the LDPE and the HDPE. Furthermore, the inner polymer layer can preferably contain 2 or more, preferably 3, sublayers superimposed on one another, which preferably form the inner polymer layer. These sub-layers are preferably layers obtained by co-extrusion.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymer inner layer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite contains a first sub-layer containing an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight %, most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the first sub-layer; and a further sub-layer containing a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight. -%, most preferably at least 65% by weight, and an mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at least 25 % By weight, each based on the weight of the blend. Here, the further sub-layer contains the blend preferably in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the further sub-layer. The further sub-layer particularly preferably consists of the blend.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer inner layer in the direction from the outside of the sheet-like composite to the inside of the sheet-like composite contains a first sub-layer, containing an HDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, most preferably at least 70% by weight, and an LDPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight , more preferably at least 20% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the first sub-layer; a second sub-layer containing an LDPE in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the second sub-layer; and a third sub-layer containing a blend, the blend being an LDPE in a proportion of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight. -%, most preferably at least 65% by weight, and an mPE in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, most preferably at least 25 % By weight, each based on the weight of the blend. Here, the third sub-layer contains the blend preferably in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the third sub-layer. The third sub-layer particularly preferably consists of the blend.

Polymer outer layer

The polymer outer layer preferably contains a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. LDPE and HDPE and mixtures of these are preferred as polyethylene. A preferred polymer outer layer contains at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, each based on the weight of the polymer outer layer, an LDPE.

Polymer interlayer

The intermediate polymer layer preferably comprises a polyethylene or a polypropylene or both. A particularly preferred polyethylene here is an LDPE. The polymer intermediate layer preferably contains the polyethylene or the polypropylene or both together in a proportion of at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60 % By weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer intermediate layer. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer intermediate layer preferably contains an HDPE, preferably in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight %, more preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, most preferably at least 90% by weight, each based on the total weight of the polymer intermediate layer. In this case, the polymer intermediate layer contains the aforementioned polymers preferably in a polymer blend.

Barrier layer

Any material suitable for this purpose to the person skilled in the art, which has an adequate barrier effect, in particular against oxygen, can be used as the barrier layer. For this purpose, the barrier layer preferably has an oxygen transmission rate of less than 50 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm), preferably less than 40 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm), more preferably less than 30 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm), more preferably less than 20 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm), more preferably less than 10 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm), even more preferably less than 3 cm ³ / (m ² · day · Atm), most preferably not more than 1 cm ³ / (m ² · day · atm). The barrier layer preferably also has a barrier effect against water vapor. Accordingly, the barrier layer is preferably an oxygen barrier layer and further preferably an additional water vapor barrier layer. In addition, the barrier layer preferably has a barrier effect against visible light, that is to say it is also a light barrier layer.

1. a. einer Kunststoffbarriereschicht;
2. b. einer Metallschicht;
3. c. einer Oxidschicht; oder
4. d. einer Kombination von mindestens zwei aus a. bis c.

The barrier layer is preferably selected from

1. a. a plastic barrier layer;
2. b. a metal layer;
3. c. an oxide layer; or
4. d. a combination of at least two of a. to c.

If the barrier layer according to alternative a. a plastic barrier layer, this preferably contains at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 95% by weight of at least one plastic that is known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose in particular because of aroma or Gas barrier properties is known. As plastics, in particular thermoplastics, plastics bearing N or O come into consideration here, both on their own and in mixtures of two or more. According to the invention it can prove to be advantageous if the plastic barrier layer has a melting temperature in a range from more than 155 to 300 ° C, preferably in a range from 160 to 280 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 170 to 270 ° C.

The plastic barrier layer more preferably has a weight per unit area in a range from 2 to 120 g / m ² , preferably in a range from 3 to 60 g / m ² , particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 40 g / m ² and, moreover, preferably from 6 to 30 g / m ² . The is also preferred Plastic barrier layer from melts, for example by extrusion, in particular layer extrusion, obtainable. In addition, the plastic barrier layer can preferably also be introduced into the sheet-like composite via lamination. It is preferred here that a film is incorporated into the sheet-like composite. According to another embodiment, plastic barrier layers can also be selected which are obtainable by deposition from a solution or dispersion of plastics.

Suitable polymers are preferably those which have a weight average molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by means of light scattering, in a range from 3 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ⁷ g / mol, preferably in a range from 5 × 10 ^{7 3} to 1 · 10 ⁶ g / mol and particularly preferably in a range from 6 · 10 ³ to 1 · 10 ⁵ g / mol. Particularly suitable polymers are polyamide (PA) or polyethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or a mixture thereof.

Among the polyamides, all PAs that appear to the person skilled in the art to be suitable for the use according to the invention are suitable. Special are here PA 6 , PA 6.6 , PA 6.10 , PA 6.12 , PA 11 or PA 12 or to name a mixture of at least two thereof, wherein PA 6 and PA 6.6 are particularly preferred and PA 6 is also preferred. PA 6 is commercially available, for example, under the trade names Akulon ^® , Durethan ^® and Ultramid ^® . Amorphous polyamides such as MXD6, Grivory ^® and Selar ^® PA are also suitable. It is further preferred that the PA has a density in a range from 1.01 to 1.40 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 1.05 to 1.30 g / cm ³ and particularly preferably in a range of 1 .08 to 1.25 g / cm ³ . Furthermore, it is preferred that the PA has a viscosity number in a range from 130 to 250 ml / g and preferably in a range from 140 to 220 ml / g.

• - ein Ethylengehalt in einem Bereich von 20 bis 60 mol-%, bevorzugt von 25 bis 45 mol-%;
• - eine Dichte in einem Bereich von 1,0 bis 1,4 g/cm³, bevorzugt von 1,1 bis 1,3 g/cm³;
• - einen Schmelzpunkt in einem Bereich von mehr als 155 bis 235 °C, bevorzugt von 165 bis 225 °C;
• - einen MFR-Wert (210 °C/2,16kg, wenn T_S(EVOH)<210 °C; 230 °C/2,16kg, wenn 210 °C≤T_S(EVOH)<230 °C) in einem Bereich von 1 bis 25 g/10min, bevorzugt von 2 bis 20 g/10min;
• - eine Sauerstofftransmissionsrate in einem Bereich von 0,05 bis 3,2 cm³·20µm/(m² · day · atm), bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 1 CM³·20m/(m² ·day·atm).

Any EVOH which appears suitable for the use according to the invention to the person skilled in the art can be considered as EVOH. Examples of this are, inter alia, commercially available under the trade name EVAL ™ from EVAL Europe NV, Belgium in a large number of different versions, for example the types EVAL ™ F104B or EVAL ™ LR171B. Preferred EVOHs have at least one, two, more, or all of the following properties:

• an ethylene content in a range from 20 to 60 mol%, preferably from 25 to 45 mol%;
• a density in a range from 1.0 to 1.4 g / cm ³ , preferably from 1.1 to 1.3 g / cm ³ ;
• - A melting point in a range from more than 155 to 235 ° C, preferably from 165 to 225 ° C;
• - an MFR value (210 ° C / 2.16kg, if T _{S (EVOH)} <210 ° C; 230 ° C / 2.16kg, if 210 ° C≤T _{S (EVOH)} <230 ° C) in one Range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably from 2 to 20 g / 10 min;
• - an oxygen transmission rate in a range of 0.05 to 3.2 cm ³ x 20 microns / (m ² · day · atm), preferably in a range of 0.1 to 1 cm ³ · 20m / (m ² · day · atm ).

At least one polymer layer, more preferably the inner polymer layer, or preferably all polymer layers, preferably has a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the barrier layer. This is particularly true when the barrier layer is formed from polymer. The melting temperatures of the at least one, in particular the inner polymer layer, and the melting temperature of the barrier layer differ preferably by at least 1 K, particularly preferably by at least 10 K, even more preferably by at least 50 K, more preferably at least 100 K. The temperature difference should preferably only be are chosen so high that the barrier layer does not melt, in particular the plastic barrier layer does not melt during folding.

According to alternative b. the barrier layer is a metal layer. In principle, all layers with metals that are known to the person skilled in the art and can create a high level of light and oxygen impermeability are suitable as the metal layer. According to a preferred embodiment, the metal layer can be present as a foil or as a deposited layer, e.g. after a physical vapor deposition. The metal layer is preferably an uninterrupted layer. According to a further preferred embodiment, the metal layer has a thickness in a range from 3 to 20 μm, preferably in a range from 3.5 to 12 μm and particularly preferably in a range from 4 to 10 μm.

Preferred metals are aluminum, iron or copper. A steel layer, for example in the form of a foil, can be preferred as the iron layer. The metal layer is also preferably a layer with aluminum. The aluminum layer can expediently consist of an aluminum alloy, for example AlFeMn, AlFe1.5Mn, AlFeSi or AlFeSiMn. The purity is usually 97.5% and higher, preferably 98.5% and higher, in each case based on the entire aluminum layer. In a special embodiment, the metal layer consists of an aluminum foil. Suitable aluminum foils have a Extensibility of more than 1%, preferably of more than 1.3% and particularly preferably of more than 1.5%, and a tensile strength of more than 30 N / mm ² , preferably more than 40 N / mm ² and particularly preferably more than 50 N / mm ² . In the pipette test, suitable aluminum foils show a drop size of more than 3 mm, preferably more than 4 mm and particularly preferably more than 5 mm. Suitable alloys for creating aluminum layers or foils are commercially available under the names EN AW 1200, EN AW 8079 or EN AW 8111 from Hydro Aluminum Deutschland GmbH or Amcor Flexibles Singen GmbH. In the case of a metal foil as the barrier layer, an adhesion promoter layer can be provided between the metal foil and a closest polymer layer on one and / or both sides of the metal foil.

Furthermore, as a barrier layer according to alternative c. an oxide layer can be selected. All oxide layers that are familiar to the person skilled in the art and appear suitable for achieving a barrier effect against light, vapor and / or gas come into consideration as oxide layers. A preferred oxide layer is a semimetal oxide layer or a metal oxide layer or both. A preferred semimetal oxide layer is a layer based on one or more silicon oxide compounds (SiOx layer). Preferred metal oxide layers are layers based on the aforementioned metals aluminum, iron or copper, and those metal oxide layers based on titanium oxide compounds, with an aluminum oxide layer (AlOx layer) being particularly preferred. According to a preferred embodiment, the oxide layer can be present as a deposited layer. A deposited oxide layer is produced, for example, by vapor deposition of the oxide layer on a barrier substrate. A preferred method for this is physical vapor deposition (PVD) or, preferably plasma-assisted, chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The oxide layer is preferably an uninterrupted layer.

The barrier substrate can consist of any material which appears to the person skilled in the art to be suitable for use as a barrier substrate according to the invention. The barrier substrate is preferably suitable for being coated with an oxide layer. A layer surface is preferably made sufficiently smooth for this. The barrier substrate also preferably has a thickness in a range from 3 to 30 μm, preferably from 2 to 28 μm, more preferably from 2 to 26 μm, more preferably from 3 to 24 μm, more preferably from 4 to 22 μm, most preferably from 5 to 20 µm. Furthermore, the barrier substrate preferably has a barrier effect against oxygen or water vapor or both. A barrier effect of the barrier substrate against permeation of oxygen is preferably greater than a barrier effect of the oxide layer against permeation of oxygen. The barrier substrate preferably has an oxygen transmission rate in a range from 0.1 to 50 cm 3 / (m ² d · bar), preferably from 0.2 to 40 cm 3 / (m ² · d · bar), more preferably from 0.3 to 30 cm3 / (m ² · d bar). A preferred barrier substrate includes, more preferably consists of, cellulose or a polymer or both. A preferred polymer here is an oriented polymer. The oriented polymer is preferably oriented mono-axially or bi-axially. Another preferred polymer is a thermoplastic polymer. The barrier substrate preferably consists of the polymer. The barrier substrate preferably contains a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polycondensate, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a combination of at least two of these in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight. %, more preferably of at least 70% by weight, more preferably of at least 80% by weight, most preferably of at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the barrier substrate. More preferably, the barrier substrate consists of the aforementioned polymer. A preferred polypropylene is oriented, in particular stretched longitudinally (oPP) or biaxially stretched (BoPP). A preferred polycondensate is a polyester or polyamide (PA) or both. A preferred polyester is one selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polylactide (PLA), and, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred vinyl polymer is a vinyl alcohol copolymer or a polyvinyl alcohol or both. A preferred polyvinyl alcohol is a vinyl alcohol copolymer. A preferred vinyl alcohol copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.

Polyolefin

A preferred polyolefin is a polyethylene (PE) or a polypropylene (PP) or both. A preferred polyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an LDPE, an LLDPE, and an HDPE, or a combination of at least two thereof. Another preferred polyolefin is an m-polyolefin (polyolefin produced by means of a metallocene catalyst). Suitable polyethylenes have a melt flow rate (MFI - melt flow rate = MFR) in a range from 1 to 25 g / 10 min, preferably in a range from 2 to 20 g / 10 min and particularly preferably in a range of 2.5 to 15 g / 10 min, and a density in a range from 0.910 g / cm ³ to 0.935 g / cm ³ , preferably in a range from 0.912 g / cm ³ to 0.932 g / cm ³ , and more preferably in a range of 0.915 g / cm ³ to 0.930 g / cm ³ .

mPolymer

An mPolymer is a polymer that has been produced using a metallocene catalyst. A metallocene is an organometallic compound in which a central metal atom is arranged between two organic ligands, such as cyclopentadienyl ligands. A preferred m-polymer is an m-polyolefin, preferably an m-polyethylene or an m-polypropylene, or both. A preferred m-polyethylene is one selected from the group consisting of an mLDPE, an mLLDPE, and an mHDPE, or a combination of at least two thereof. A preferred m-polyolefin is characterized by at least a first melting temperature and a second melting temperature. In addition to the first and second melting temperatures, the m-polyolefin is preferably characterized by a third melting temperature. A preferred first melting temperature is in a range from 84 to 108 ° C, preferably from 89 to 103 ° C, more preferably from 94 to 98 ° C. A preferred further melting temperature is in a range from 100 to 124 ° C, preferably from 105 to 119 ° C, more preferably from 110 to 114 ° C.

Adhesion / adhesion promoter layer

An adhesion promoter layer is a layer of the sheet-like composite which contains at least one adhesion promoter in a sufficient amount so that the adhesion promoter layer improves adhesion between layers adjoining the adhesion promoter layer. For this purpose, the adhesion promoter layer preferably contains an adhesion promoter polymer. Accordingly, the adhesion promoter layers are preferably polymeric layers. An adhesion promoter layer can be located between layers of the sheet-like composite which are not directly adjacent to one another, preferably between the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer. As adhesion promoters in an adhesion promoter layer, all plastics come into consideration which, through functionalization by means of suitable functional groups, are suitable to produce a firm connection by forming ionic bonds or covalent bonds to a surface of an adjacent layer. They are preferably functionalized polyolefins, in particular acrylic acid copolymers, which were obtained by copolymerizing ethylene with acrylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, acrylates, acrylate derivatives or carboxylic acid anhydrides bearing double bonds, for example maleic anhydride, or at least two of them. Among these, polyethylene-maleic anhydride graft polymer (GUCH), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA) or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers (EMAA) are preferred, which, for example, under the trade names Bynel ^® and Nucrel ^® 0609HSA by DuPont or Escor ^® 6000EX-Co of ExxonMobile Chemicals.

Ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers are also preferred as adhesion promoters. A methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, i-butyl or a pentyl group is preferably selected as the alkyl group. More preferably, the adhesion promoter layer can have mixtures of two or more different ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers. Likewise preferably, the ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer can have two or more different alkyl groups in the acrylate function, for example an ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer in which both methyl acrylate units and ethyl acrylate units occur in the same copolymer.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the adhesion between the carrier layer, a polymer layer or the barrier layer to the next layer is at least 0.5 N / 15mm, preferably at least 0.7 N / 15mm and particularly preferably at least 0.8 N / 15mm . In an embodiment according to the invention, it is preferred that the adhesion between a polymer layer and a carrier layer is at least 0.3 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 0.5 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 0.7 N / 15 mm. Furthermore, it is preferred that the adhesion between the barrier layer and a polymer layer is at least 0.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 1.0 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 1.4 N / 15 mm. In the event that the barrier layer follows a polymer layer indirectly via an adhesion promoter layer, it is preferred that the adhesion between the barrier layer and the adhesion promoter layer is at least 1.8 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 2.2 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 2, 8 N / 15mm. In a special embodiment, the adhesion between the individual layers is so strong that the carrier layer tears during the adhesion test, and in the case of a cardboard carrier layer, what is known as a cardboard fiber tear occurs.

Extrude / extruder

In the context of the inventors, any extruder that is known to the person skilled in the art and appears to him to be suitable for the use according to the invention can be considered as an extruder. An extruder is a device for shaping a mass, preferably a polymer mass, by means of pressing through a shaping opening. A preferred extruder is a screw extruder. Melt extrusion coating is an application of one Mass by pressing a melt forming the mass through a shaping opening of an extruder onto a substrate, so that a sheet-like layer overlying the substrate is obtained from the mass. In the case of a polymer composition as a mass, the mass is preferably melted for extrusion coating. During extrusion, the polymers are usually heated to temperatures of 210 to 350 ° C., measured on the melted polymer film below the outlet at the extruder nozzle. The extrusion can be carried out by means of extrusion tools known to the person skilled in the art and commercially available, such as, for example, extruders, extruder screws, feed blocks, etc. At the end of the extruder there is preferably an opening through which the polymer melt is pressed. The opening can be of any shape that allows the polymer melt to be extruded. For example, the opening can be square, oval or round. The opening preferably has the shape of a slot of a funnel. After the melt layer has been applied to the substrate layer by means of the method described above, the melt layer is allowed to cool for the purpose of heat setting, this cooling preferably being carried out by quenching via contact with a surface which is at a temperature in a range from 5 to 50 ° C, particularly preferably in a range from 10 to 30 ° C. Then at least the flanks are separated from the surface. The severing can be carried out in any manner known to the person skilled in the art and appearing suitable in order to sever the flanks quickly, as precisely and cleanly as possible. The separation is preferably carried out by means of a knife, laser beam or water jet, or a combination of two or more thereof, the use of knives, in particular a pot knife, being particularly preferred.

Laminating

According to the invention, the barrier layer can be superimposed on the carrier layer as a lamination. Here, the prefabricated carrier and barrier layers are connected with the help of a suitable laminating agent. A preferred laminating agent includes an intermediate polymer composition, from which an intermediate polymer layer is preferably obtained.

Folding the sheet-like composite

The sheet-like composite is preferably folded in a temperature range from 10 to 50 ° C, preferably in a range from 15 to 45 ° C and particularly preferably in a range from 20 to 40 ° C. This can be achieved in that the sheet-like composite has a temperature in the above ranges. Furthermore, it is preferred that a folding tool, preferably together with the sheet-like composite, has a temperature in the above range. For this purpose, the folding tool preferably does not have a heater. Rather, the folding tool or the sheet-like composite or both can be cooled. Furthermore, it is preferred that the folding takes place at a temperature of a maximum of 50 ° C as “cold folding” and the joining at over 50 ° C, preferably over 80 ° C and particularly preferably over 120 ° C as “heat sealing”. The above conditions and in particular temperatures preferably also apply in the vicinity of the folding, for example in the housing of the folding tool.

According to the invention, “folding” is understood to mean a process in which, preferably by means of a folding edge of a folding tool, an elongated kink forming an angle is produced in the folded sheet-like composite. For this purpose, two adjoining surfaces of a sheet-like composite are often bent more and more towards one another. The folding creates at least two adjoining fold surfaces which can then be connected at least in partial areas to form a container area. According to the invention, the connection can be carried out by any measure that appears suitable to a person skilled in the art and enables a connection that is as gas- and liquid-tight as possible. The connection can be done by sealing or gluing or a combination of both measures. In the case of sealing, the connection is created by means of a liquid and its solidification. In the case of gluing, between the Boundaries or surfaces of the two objects to be connected from chemical bonds that create the connection. When sealing or gluing, it is often advantageous to press the surfaces to be sealed or glued together.

Connect

Any connection that appears suitable for the use according to the invention to the person skilled in the art and by means of which a sufficiently strong connection can be obtained can be considered as connection. A preferred connection is one selected from the group consisting of sealing, gluing, and pressing, or a combination of at least two thereof. In the case of sealing, the connection is created by means of a liquid and its solidification. In the case of gluing, chemical bonds are formed between the interfaces or surfaces of the two objects to be connected, which create the connection. When sealing or gluing, it is often advantageous to press the surfaces to be sealed or glued together. A preferred pressing of two layers is pressing together a first surface of a first of the two layers onto a second surface of the second of the two layers facing the first surface for at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, of the first surface. A particularly preferred connection is sealing. A preferred sealing includes the steps of heating, laying on top of one another and pressing, the steps preferably taking place in this sequence. Another sequence is also conceivable, in particular the sequence of laying one on top of the other, heating and pressing. Preferred heating is heating of a polymer layer, preferably a thermoplastic layer, more preferably a polyethylene layer or a polypropylene layer or both. Another preferred heating is heating a polyethylene layer to a temperature in a range from 80 to 140 ° C, more preferably from 90 to 130 ° C, most preferably from 100 to 120 ° C. Another preferred heating is heating a polypropylene layer to a temperature in a range from 120 to 200 ° C, more preferably from 130 to 180 ° C, most preferably from 140 to 170 ° C. Another preferred heating takes place to a sealing temperature of the polymer layer. Preferred heating can take place by radiation, by hot gas, by solid heat contact, by mechanical vibrations, preferably by ultrasound, by convection, or by a combination of at least two of these measures. A particularly preferred heating takes place by exciting an ultrasonic oscillation.

food

The sheet-like composite and the container precursor in connection with the invention are preferably designed to produce a, preferably closed, food container. Furthermore, the container according to the invention is preferably a, preferably closed, food container. All foods known to the person skilled in the art for human consumption and also animal feed come into consideration as food. Preferred foods are liquid above 5 ° C., for example milk products, soups, sauces, non-carbonated drinks.

Container precursors

A container precursor is a preliminary stage of the container which arises in the manufacture of a preferably closed container. Here, the container precursor contains the sheet-like composite preferably as a cut. Here, the sheet-like composite can be unfolded or folded. A preferred container precursor is cut to size and designed to produce a single, preferably closed, container. A preferred container precursor, which is cut to size and designed for the production of a single container, is also referred to as a jacket or sleeve. In this case, the jacket or sleeve contains the sheet-like composite folded, preferably along at least 2 longitudinal folds along one longitudinal groove in each case. These longitudinal folds can, but need not, already form longitudinal edges of the container. Furthermore, the jacket or sleeve contains a longitudinal seam and is open into a head area and a bottom area. A typical container precursor that is tailored and configured to make a variety of containers is often referred to as a hose. A preferred container precursor is formed in one piece.

container

The preferably closed container according to the invention can have a large number of different shapes, but an essentially cuboid structure is preferred. Furthermore, the container can be formed over the entire area from the sheet-like composite or have a two-part or multi-part structure. In the case of a multi-part structure, it is conceivable that, in addition to the sheet-like composite, other materials are also used, for example plastic, which can be used in particular in the top or bottom areas of the container. In this case, however, it is preferred that at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70% and, moreover, preferably at least 90% of the area of the container is made up of the sheet-like composite. Furthermore, the container can have a device for emptying the contents. This can for example be formed from a polymer or a mixture of polymers and applied to the outside of the container. It is also conceivable that this device is integrated into the container by “direct injection molding”. According to a preferred embodiment, the container according to the invention has at least one, preferably from 4 to 22 or even more edges, especially preferably from 7 to 12 edges. In the context of the present invention, edges are understood to be areas that arise when a surface is folded. The elongated contact areas of two wall surfaces of the container, also referred to herein as longitudinal edges, may be mentioned as exemplary edges. In the container, the container walls preferably represent the surfaces of the container framed by the edges. The interior of a container according to the invention preferably contains food. The container preferably does not contain a cover or base which is not formed in one piece with the sheet-like composite, or both. A preferred container holds food.

Opening / opening aid

In most cases, the opening of the container is produced by at least partial destruction of the hole cover layers covering the at least one hole. This destruction can be done by cutting, pressing into the container or pulling out of the container. The destruction can take place by an opening aid connected to the container and arranged in the area of the at least one hole, usually above the at least one hole, for example also by a drinking straw that is pushed through the hole cover layers. Furthermore, it is preferred in an embodiment according to the invention that an opening aid is provided in the area of the at least one hole. It is preferred here that the opening aid is provided on the surface of the assembly that represents the outside of the container. Furthermore, the container preferably includes a closure, for example a lid, on the outside of the container. It is preferred that the closure at least partially, preferably completely, covers the hole. The closure thus protects the hole cover layers, which are less robust than the areas outside the at least one hole, from harmful mechanical effects. To open the hole cover layers covering the at least one hole, the closure often contains the opening aid. As such, for example, hooks for tearing out at least part of the perforated cover layers, edges or cutting edges for cutting into the perforated cover layers or spikes for pressing through the perforated cover layers or a combination of at least two thereof are suitable. These opening aids are often mechanically coupled to a screw lid or a cap of the closure, for example via a hinge, so that the opening aid acts on the perforated cover layers to open the closed container when the screw lid or the cap is actuated. Occasionally, in the specialist literature, such closure systems, including composite layers that cover a hole, openable closures with opening aids that cover this hole, are referred to as “overcoated holes” with “applied fitments”.

MEASUREMENT METHODS

The following measurement methods were used in the context of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, the measurements were carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C., an ambient air pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm) and a relative humidity of 50%.

Separating individual layers

If individual layers of a laminate - such as the barrier layer - are to be examined here, the layer to be examined is first separated from the laminate as described below. Three sample pieces of the sheet-like composite are cut to size. Unless stated otherwise, unfolded and non-grooved areas of the sheet-like composite are used for this. Unless otherwise stated, the sample pieces have the dimensions 4 cm × 4 cm. If other dimensions of the layer to be examined are necessary for the examination to be carried out, sufficiently large sample pieces are cut from the laminate. The sample pieces are placed in an acetic acid bath (30% acetic acid solution: 30% by weight CH ₃ COOH, remainder 100% by weight H ₂ O) heated to 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. This separates the layers from one another. If necessary, the layers can also be carefully pulled off each other manually. If the desired layer cannot be removed sufficiently well, new sample pieces are used as an alternative and these are treated in an ethanol bath (99% ethanol) as described above. If there are residues of the carrier layer on the layer to be examined (for example the polymer outer layer or the polymer intermediate layer) (especially in the case of a cardboard layer as the carrier layer), these are carefully removed with a brush. From each of the three foils prepared in this way, a sample of sufficient size for the examination to be carried out is cut out (unless otherwise stated with an area of 4 cm ² ). These samples are then stored at 23 ° C. for 4 hours and thus dried. The three samples can then be examined. Unless otherwise stated, the test result is the arithmetic mean of the results for the three samples.

MFR value

The MFR value is measured in accordance with the ISO 1133-1: 2012 standard, method A (mass determination method), unless otherwise stated at 190 ° C and 2.16 kg).

density

The density is measured according to the ISO 1183-1: 2013 standard.

Scott Bond Value

The Scott Bond value is determined according to Tappi 569.

Melting temperature

• - Temperatur Indium - Onset Temperatur,
• - Schmelzwärme Indium,
• - Temperatur Zink - Onset Temperatur.

The melting temperature is determined using the DSC method ISO 11357-1, -5. The device is calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the following measurements:

• - temperature indium - onset temperature,
• - heat of fusion indium,
• - Zinc temperature - Onset temperature.

The recorded measurement curve can have several local maxima (melting peaks), that is to say several melting temperatures. If a melting temperature above a certain value is required here, this condition is met if one of the measured melting temperatures is above this value. If reference is made herein to a melting temperature of a polymer layer, a polymer composition or a polymer, then in the case of several measured melting temperatures (melting peaks), unless otherwise stated, the highest melting temperature is always meant.

Viscosity number of PA

The viscosity number of PA is according to the standard DIN EN ISO 307 (2013) measured in 95% sulfuric acid.

Molecular weight distribution

The molecular weight distribution is determined by light scattering according to gel permeation chromatography: ISO 16014-3 / -5 (2009-09) measured.

Moisture content of the box

The moisture content of the cardboard is measured according to the ISO 287: 2009 standard.

liability

To determine the adhesion of two adjacent layers, they are fixed on a 90 ° peel test device, for example from Instron “German rotating wheel fixture”, on a rotatable roller that rotates at 40 mm / min during the measurement. The samples were previously cut into strips 15 mm wide. On one side of the sample, the layers are detached from one another and the detached end is clamped in a pulling device pointing vertically upwards. A measuring device for determining the tensile force is attached to the pulling device. As the roller rotates, the force required to separate the layers is measured. This force corresponds to the adhesion of the layers to one another and is given in N / 15 mm. The individual layers can be separated mechanically, for example, or by specific pretreatment, for example by soaking the sample for 3 minutes in 30% acetic acid at 60 ° C.

Detection of colorants

Evidence of organic colorants can be provided according to the information in "Industrial Organic Pigments, Third Edition." Willy Herbst, Klaus Hunger Copyright © 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-30576-9 ) are carried out.

Oxygen transmission rate

The oxygen transmission rate is determined according to ASTM D3985-05 standard (2010) determined. Unless otherwise specified, the sample to be examined is taken from a non-grooved and non-folded area of the laminate. Furthermore, the sample to be examined is tested with the side facing outward in the laminate facing the test gas. The area of the sample is 50 cm ² . The measurements are carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C., an ambient air pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm) and a relative humidity of 50%. The test device is an Ox-Tran 2/22 from Mocon, Neuwied, Germany. The measurement is carried out without air pressure compensation. Samples with the ambient temperature are used for the measurements. Further settings and influencing factors for the measurement - in particular the others under point 16 of the ASTM D3985-05 standard (2010) - are specified by the measuring device used or the proper use and maintenance of it according to the manufacturer's manual.

Bending resistance

The bending resistance is determined according to the bending resistance method of ISO 2493-2: 2011 standard certainly. An L&W Bending Tester code 160 from Lorentzen & Wettre, Sweden is used for the measurement. As described in the standard, the samples which are used to determine the bending resistance of the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite have a width of 38 mm and a clamping length of 50 mm. Only samples without creases, folds or edges are used for the measurement. The samples are made according to the standard ISO 186 taken. The bending resistance is determined by deflecting the sample by 15 °. The Indian ISO 2493-2: 2011 standard The bending test described is a 2-point bending test. For use in this document, a direction in which the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite has a bending resistance is a direction of a straight line that connects the 2 points of application of the 2-point bending test. This is preferably the direction in which the carrier layer or the sheet-like composite bends as a result of the bending. The carrier layer or the sheet-like composite preferably forms a straight fold line perpendicular to the direction of the bending resistance if the sample is deflected far enough to be folded.

Fiber properties

Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, the properties of the fibers are determined according to the methods in the paper dictionary (Euwid Verlag; ISBN 3-88640-080-0).

Average fiber length

The mean fiber length is determined in accordance with ISO 16065-2 using an L&W fiber tester.

Coarseness (delicacy)

The fineness of a variety of fibers is according to ISO 9184 (1994) Part 1 to 7 determined.

Determination of the colony-forming units per 100 cm ² (CFU / 100 cm ² ) as a measure of the contamination of the laminate surface

The European standard method ISO 8784-1: 2005 and the references given in this test specification are chosen as the basis for determining the colony-forming units per gram. The test specifications are used here for the investigation of the CFU exposure of the laminate described for the examples and comparative examples. Insofar as deviations from the cited test specifications are necessary when taking samples and determining the CFU of the packaging material, they are explained below.

Sampling and sample preparation:

The laminate samples taken must not be touched with the hands. They are stored in sterile plastic bags.

• - Kontakt-Petrischalen (Kunststoff) Durchmesser 5,5 cm (z. B. Greiner Bio-one 629180)
• - Pinzetten
• - Cutter-Messer
• - steriler Folienbeutel oder Aluminiumfolie
• - Sterilisator
• - Brutschrank
• - sterile Werkbank
• - Nährmedien: Plate-Count-Agar (z. B. erhältlich als Oxoid Nr. CM 325, Merck Nr. 105463, Difco Nr. 247940)

Required tools:

• - Contact Petri dishes (plastic) diameter 5.5 cm (e.g. Greiner Bio-one 629180)
• - tweezers
• - cutter knife
• - sterile foil pouch or aluminum foil
• - sterilizer
• - incubator
• - sterile workbench
• - Culture media: Plate-Count-Agar (e.g. available as Oxoid No. CM 325, Merck No. 105463, Difco No. 247940)

Execution:

240 cm ^{2 of} laminate surface are examined per sample. A contact Petri dish has an area of 24 cm ² . Therefore, 10 contact dishes per sample must be prepared in order to be able to examine the laminate surface mentioned. Sufficient nutrient medium is added to the sterile Petri dishes so that the agar protrudes over the edge of the Petri dish (curvature), but does not overflow the edge. The prepared, cooled contact trays are pressed onto the surface of the laminate to be examined, sealed and incubated under the specified conditions. Make sure that the sample pieces are only touched with sterile tweezers and that the contact cups do not come into contact with the open edge of the pack. The Petri dishes are placed in the incubator with the lid facing down to avoid condensation. The plate count agar is incubated for 5 days at 30 ° C, with the evaluation taking place afterwards.

Evaluation:

All colonies present on the contact plates of a sample are counted. The results are converted to CFU (colony-forming units) per 100 cm ² and documented. The value obtained is converted to the surface of the areas to be examined.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below by means of examples and drawings, the examples and drawings not signifying any restriction of the invention. Furthermore, the drawings are not to scale unless otherwise stated.

Laminate structure

In the examples (according to the invention) and comparative examples (not according to the invention), laminates with the layer structure specified in Table 1 below are produced and food containers of the type shown in 14th shown type and shape made of it. Table 1: Structure of the laminates of the examples and the comparative examples Shift name material Weight per unit area [g / m ² ] Color order VB67 from Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA, Germany Pol ymer exterior LDPE 23L430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany 15th Carrier layer Cardboard: Stora Enso Natura T Duplex double coating, Scott-Bond 200 J / m ² , residual moisture 7.5% 210 Polymer interlayer LDPE 23L430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany 18th first adhesion promoter Escor 6000 HSC from Exxon Mobil Corporation as adhesion promoter polymer A. 3 Barrier layer Aluminum, EN AW 8079 from Hydro Aluminum Deutschland GmbH here: thickness 6 µm second adhesion promoter Escor 6000 HSC from Exxon Mobil Corporation as adhesion promoter polymer B, and 4th further polymer layer LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany 22nd Pol ymerinnenschi cht Blend of (1) 65% by weight LDPE 19N430 from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany and (2) 35% by weight Eltex 1315 AZ from Ineos GmbH, Cologne, Germany 10

Laminate production

Punching:

The production of the laminates of the examples and comparative examples is always based on the carrier layer. This is provided as roll goods. The carrier layer is provided with a hole for each container to be produced by means of punching with a punching machine in the direction from the inside of the carrier layer to the outside thereof. A different type of punching machine or other punching tools are used for each of the examples and comparative examples. Furthermore, the size of the punched holes was varied as indicated below. The processing speed during punching, i.e. the speeds at which the carrier layer runs through the punching machine during punching, is constant at 600 m / min.

Comparative example 1:

A lifting punch from the in 15th shown type with a punch, which is equipped with a cutting edge, used for punching. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched.

Comparative example 2:

A lifting punch is also used here. However, this is as in 16 shown equipped with a punch designed as a solid body without cutting edge and a die. The punch and die each have an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched.

Comparative example 3:

A lifting punch is also used here. This is again as in 17th shown equipped with a punch designed as a solid body without cutting edge and a die. The die has an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. For punching, the punch has an edge that has a minimum edge angle of 40 °. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched again.

Example 1:

A rotary die cutter from the in 2 shown type with a solid punch without cutting edge and a die ( 3a) ) used for punching. The punch and die each have an edge with an edge angle of 90 ° for punching by shear cutting. Circular holes with a diameter of 6 mm are punched unchanged.

Example 2:

Example 2 is identical to Example 1, but here oval pouring holes measuring 22 mm × 24 mm are punched.

Example 3:

Here, as in example 2, oval pouring holes of size 22 mm × 24 mm are punched. A rotary punch as in Examples 1 and 2 is used for this purpose. Here the punch and die point as in 6 shown however a curvature in the respective direction of rotation.

Coating:

The laminates are produced using an extrusion coating system from Davis Standard. The extrusion temperature here is in a range from approx. 280 to 330 ° C. After the carrier layer has been provided with holes as described above, the outer polymer layer is extrusion-coated on the outside of the carrier layer. The holes in the carrier layer are covered with the polymer outer layer. The barrier layer, together with the first adhesion promoter layer and the polymer intermediate layer, is then applied to the carrier layer previously coated with the polymer outer layer, but now on the inside thereof. Again, the holes are covered with the layers mentioned. Then the further adhesion promoter layer, the further polymer layer and the polymer inner layer are coextruded onto the barrier layer and the holes in the carrier layer are again covered. To apply the individual layers by extrusion, the polymers are melted in an extruder. When a polymer is applied in a layer, the resulting melt is transferred via a feed block into a nozzle and extruded onto the carrier layer. The color application is also printed onto the polymer outer layer in a gravure printing process. Here, the VB67 color system from Siegwerk Druckfarben AG, Siegburg, Germany is used to create a 4-color decor that leaves out the holes in the carrier layer. Each color is printed with a standard printing unit from Kochsiek, Germany. The laminate is then creased to make it easier to fold later. For each container to be produced, a grooving pattern is made which contains 4 longitudinal grooves. In the finished container, the longitudinal edges run along the 4 longitudinal grooves from the bottom to the top of the container.

Container manufacture

The laminate obtained as described above is cut into blanks for individual containers, each blank containing one of the above holes. By folding along the longitudinal grooves of each blank and heat sealing overlapping folding surfaces, a jacket-shaped container precursor of the in 13 shape shown. A closed container of the in 14th shown shape. In the comparative examples and example 1, a CFA 712 filling machine from SIG Combibloc, Linnich, is used. For Examples 2 and 3, a CFA 312 filling machine from SIG Combibloc, Linnich, is used. In the respective filling machine, a bottom area is created by folding and closed by hot air sealing. This creates a cup that is open at the top. The cup is sterilized with hydrogen peroxide. The cup is also filled with water. The head area of the cup, which contains the hole, is closed by folding and ultrasonic sealing, thus obtaining a closed container. For Examples 2 and 3, an opening aid from the in EP1 812 298 B1 disclosed type with an adhesive Euromelt 510, Fa. Henkel, Düsseldorf, glued. In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1, no opening aid is attached to the container.

to open

In Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Example 1, identical containers are opened by piercing the layers covering the hole in the carrier layer with a commercially available plastic drinking straw and the penetration behavior of the drinking straw is assessed. In particular, the formation of a sharply edged, circular hole with as little effort as possible to pierce the hole cover layers is rated positively. In contrast, a frayed hole or a comparatively large amount of force to pierce is rated negatively. The end of the plastic drinking straw used for piercing is here at right angles to the length of the plastic drinking straw, i.e. not beveled or pointed.

For Examples 2 and 3, after the adhesive has cured, identical containers are opened by means of the opening aid and examined with regard to the pouring behavior. The opening aid opens the container according to paragraph [0002] of EP1 812 298 B1 with a pushing and cutting movement through the membrane spanning the hole, which membrane is formed by the hole cover layers. With optimal function, approx. 90% of the radius of the membrane given by the cutting ring is cut through and there is only one connection to the container. The membrane folds away to the side and the contents of the container can be poured out without interference. If, on the other hand, the water is poured out to the side of the container or, due to an unclean pouring hole, an irregular - "gush-like" - outflow is assessed negatively.

evaluation

In the production described above, the wear of the punching tools, in particular the punch, and the wear of the drives of the punching machines, in particular the drive motor and the bearings, are observed. The results are summarized in Table 2. Furthermore, the contamination of the laminates produced is examined using the above measurement method before the container is produced. The determination of the contamination takes place on the grilled laminates before further processing. The contamination is determined on the inside of the laminate intended for contact with the food to be introduced into the container, that is on the inside of the polymer inner layer. The results of the contamination tests are also summarized in Table 2. This table also contains the results of the tests carried out as described above for piercing the perforated cover layers of the containers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and of Example 1 and of the pouring behavior of the containers of Examples 2 and 3.

In Table 2, + means a more advantageous result than 0 with regard to the examined criterion, and 0 means a more advantageous result than -, and - means a more advantageous result than -. Table 2: Test results for the comparative examples and the examples Wear stamp Wear drive Piercing behavior of the plastic drinking straw Pouring behavior Little germs Comparative example 1 - + + + Comparative example 2 - - - - Comparative example 3 0 + 0 + example 1 + + + + Example 2 0 + 0 + Example 3 + + + +

The results summarized in the table show that the punch of the punching machine of Comparative Example 1 with the cutting edge wears out comparatively quickly. By using a stamp according to Comparative Example 2, the wear of the stamp can be reduced. When punching according to Comparative Example 2, however, it can be observed that punching slugs remain in the die, collect there and thus clog the die.

This seems to damage the stamp, which explains the still relatively high wear of the stamp. In addition, considerable force peaks occur during linear punching with the punch of Comparative Example 2, which generate vibrations and thus lead to uneven running of the punch. It is assumed that this is a reason for the increased wear of the drive of the punch. In the case of the punch of Comparative Example 3, less large force peaks occur. The wear of the punch drive is reduced according to the explanatory approach. The wear of the punch is also reduced, but remains too great. This, in turn, can be due to the die clogging with slugs.

In addition, it can be observed that containers produced according to Comparative Example 2 show relatively poor properties when opened with a commercially available plastic drinking straw. This seems to be due to the edges of the carrier material that were not cut sufficiently cleanly. Because of the not sharply bordered hole in the cardboard layer, the layers of the laminate covering the hole are often not continuously connected to one another at the edge of the hole, which leads to increased resistance when piercing with the drinking straw. Furthermore, when the drinking straw is pierced, a clean hole is often not formed in the perforated cover layers, so that the drinking straw does not seal in a liquid-tight manner with the surrounding pierced layers. In Comparative Example 3, the opening properties are better than in Comparative Example 2, but not as good as in Comparative Example 1. Here, too, the punched holes cannot be bordered sufficiently sharply, which may be due to the clogging of the die that occurs.

In addition, comparative example 2 shows increased germ contamination of the laminate. This could be due to the fact that more fibers are loosened and released from the cardboard material during the punching process. The increased generation of dust can lead to the laminate becoming contaminated. This in turn can reduce the shelf life of food containers.

With the punching machine of Example 1, all of the aforementioned problems can surprisingly be significantly reduced or even eliminated. As example 2 shows, the wear of the punch increases when punching larger holes. Furthermore, the pouring behavior is not yet ideal. This can be due to the fact that larger slugs are less reliably removed from the punched hole and the die can become clogged. As seen above, a clogged die can increase the wear and tear of the punch and lead to less sharply edged holes in the carrier layer. At the edge of the less sharply bordered hole, the hole cover layers often do not form a continuous bond, which means that less clean pouring holes can arise when opening with the opening aid. The wear of the punch can be reduced again in example 3. Furthermore, the pouring behavior in example 3 is also improved.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Stanzeinrichtung der Anordnung der 1 im Querschnitt;
• 3a) bis 3d) jeweils eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Paares aus Stempel und Matrize ohne Schneide;
• 4a) eine schematische Darstellung der Stempel der 3a) bis d) und 6 in Draufsicht;
• 4b) eine schematische Darstellung der Matrizen der 3a) bis d) und 6 in Draufsicht;
• 5 eine schematische Detaildarstellung einer Stanzeinrichtung mit einem Stempel mit Schneide im Querschnitt;
• 6 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines weiteren Paares aus Stempel und Matrize ohne Schneide;
• 7 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Ausschnitts eines flächenförmigen Substrats;
• 8 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Ausschnitts eines flächenförmigen Verbunds;
• 9 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Ausschnitts eines weiteren flächenförmigen Substrats;
• 10 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Ausschnitts eines weiteren flächenförmigen Verbunds;
• 11 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines flächenförmigen Verbunds;
• 12 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines geschlossenen Behälters;
• 13 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Behältervorläufers;
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Behälters;
• 15 eine schematische Detaildarstellung einer Hubstanze des Stands der Technik im Querschnitt;
• 16 eine schematische Detaildarstellung einer weiteren Hubstanze des Stands der Technik im Querschnitt; und
• 17 eine schematische Detaildarstellung einer weiteren Hubstanze des Stands der Technik im Querschnitt.

Unless otherwise stated in the description or the respective figure, the following are shown schematically and not to scale:

• 1 a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention;
• 2 a schematic representation of the punching device of the arrangement of 1 in cross section;
• 3a) to 3d ) each a schematic cross-sectional representation of a pair of punch and die without cutting edge;
• 4a) a schematic representation of the stamp of the 3a) to d ) and 6 in plan view;
• 4b) a schematic representation of the matrices of the 3a) to d ) and 6 in plan view;
• 5 a schematic detailed representation of a punching device with a punch with cutting edge in cross section;
• 6 a schematic cross-sectional view of a further pair of punch and die without cutting edge;
• 7th a schematic cross-sectional view of a section of a sheet-like substrate;
• 8th a schematic cross-sectional view of a section of a sheet-like composite;
• 9 a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a further sheet-like substrate;
• 10 a schematic cross-sectional representation of a section of a further sheet-like composite;
• 11 a flow diagram of a method according to the invention for producing a sheet-like composite;
• 12 a flow chart of a method according to the invention for producing a closed container;
• 13 a schematic representation of a container precursor according to the invention;
• 14th a schematic representation of a container according to the invention;
• 15th a schematic detailed representation of a lifting punch of the prior art in cross section;
• 16 a schematic detailed representation of a further prior art lifting punch in cross section; and
• 17th a schematic detailed representation of a further lifting punch of the prior art in cross section.

1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention 100 . This arrangement includes a punching device 101 with a first tool 102 and another tool 103 . The arrangement also includes 100 a sheet-like substrate 104 that consists of a carrier layer 701 consists. The carrier layer 701 consists of 5 sub-layers, which overlay each other to form a sequence of sub-layers and are connected to each other. Towards a first page 704 the carrier layer 701 to another opposite side 703 the sub-layer sequence consists of 2 coating layers, 3 sub-layers each made of a different fiber-containing material and 2 further coating layers. Each of the fibrous materials includes a plurality of fibers and a sizing agent. The fiber-containing materials of the two outer sub-layers of fiber-containing material contain rosin as a sizing agent, the intermediate sub-layer AKD. The fibers of all 3 fibrous materials are wood pulp fibers. Here, the fibers of the outer sublayer, which are further towards the other side 703 lies, a smaller mean fiber length than the fibers of the sublayer, which is further in the direction of the first side 704 the carrier layer 701 lies. A planar area of the planar substrate 104 is between the first tool 102 and another tool 103 arranged. Also are the first tool 102 and the other tool 103 for punching at least one hole 1306 into the planar area by contacting the planar area on the opposing first 704 and further sides 703 the carrier layer 701 with the first tool 102 and another tool 103 arranged and formed. The first tool 102 is in a first direction of rotation 106 around a first axis of rotation 105 rotatably arranged and designed while the other tool 103 in a direction of rotation to the first 106 opposite further direction of rotation 108 around another axis of rotation 107 is rotatably arranged and designed. The punching device 101 is a rotary die cutter. When punching the sheet-like substrate 104 in a processing direction 109 emotional. In the processing direction 109 can use the punching device 101 further facilities of the arrangement 100 , such as a coating device, follow.

2 shows a schematic representation of the punching device 101 the arrangement 100 the 1 in cross section. You can see that the first tool 102 , which is arranged here as an upper tool, includes a punch 201. The other tool 103 , which is accordingly arranged as a lower tool, contains a die 202 as a counter tool to the punch 201 is arranged and formed. The Stamp 201 and the die 202 are like in 3a) shown trained. The punching device shown here 101 also includes a first wave 105 and another wave 107 . The first tool 102 is with the first wave 105 rigidly connected and the other tool 103 is with the further wave 107 rigidly connected. The first wave 105 is around the first axis of rotation 105 in the first direction of rotation 106 rotatably arranged and designed and the further shaft 204 is around the further axis of rotation 107 in the further direction of rotation 108 rotatably arranged and designed. The punching device 101 additionally includes a drive device (not shown) with a motor which is used to rotate the first shaft 203 and the further wave 204 is arranged and formed.

3a) to d ) each show a schematic cross-sectional representation of a pair of stamps 201 and die 202 without cutting edge 504 . The Stamp 201 each of the pairs shown is part of a first tool 102 a punching device 101 and the associated die 202 of the pair is part of another tool 202 the punching device 101 . Each of the pairs shown is in the punching device 101 the arrangement 100 the 1 applicable. It should be noted that stamp 201 and die 202 are not shown here arranged in relation to one another as in the punching device 101 is the case for punching. In the punching device 101 need stamp 201 and die 202 are in engagement with each other when they are facing each other like this in the 3a) to d ) the case is. The stamp 201 the 3a) to d ) are designed as solid bodies and each have a circumferential first edge 301 on that a first edge angle 303 having. The stamps shown 201 are not sanded. The first corner angles 303 amount to 3a) and b) along the entire first edge 301 and 3d ) along the entire first edge 301 30 °. In the 3c ) the first edge angle changes 303 along the first edge 301 . The first edge angle has its minimum 303 at the point shown in the figure at 40 °. The matrices shown 202 each contain a through hole, which is from a further edge 302 is outlined. The other edges 302 each have a further edge angle all around 304 of 90 °. The stamps shown 201 each include a first punch line 305 and the dies are another punch line 306 . The introduction of the at least one hole 1306 punching takes place by separating at least one punched socket from the sheet-like substrate 104 along the first punch line 305 and the further die line 306 adding the first die line 305 and the further die line 306 moved past each other, more precisely sheared against each other, and so the at least one punched slug by shear cutting from the sheet-like substrate 104 is separated. To make it clear which cutting plane the 3a) to d ) are the first direction of rotation 106 and the further direction of rotation 108 , which are both in the plane of the figure, indicated with arrows.

4a) shows a schematic representation of the stamp 201 the 3a) to d ) and 6 in plan view. You can see that the stamp 201 have a circular cross-section and that the first edge 301 and the first die line 305 Are circular lines. Consequently you can use these stamps 201 circular holes 1306 be punched. Here the first edge fall 301 and first punch line 305 together as the entire first edge 301 in the punching by shear cutting with the sheet-like substrate 104 comes into contact and so the at least one punching slug with from the sheet-like substrate 104 separates.

4b) shows a schematic representation of the matrices 202 the 3a) to d ) and 6 in plan view. It can be seen that the matrices 202 are formed as a hollow cylinder, the respective punch 201 just about in a through hole of the die 202 that fits into that first die line 305 of the stamp 201 and the other punch line of the die 202 shear past each other and thus be able to shear cut. Also the other edges 302 of the matrices 202 fall with the corresponding additional punch lines 306 together.

5 shows a schematic detailed representation of a punching device 101 with a stamp 501 with cutting edge 504 in cross section. The Stamp 501 is designed as a hollow cylinder with a cutting edge on one end face 504 , i.e. a ground bevel. The unsanded surfaces 503 which at the cutting edge 504 adjoin each other (inner and outer lateral surface of the hollow cylinder) are parallel to each other. In other words, these surfaces do not form an angle, at least not an angle that is greater than 5 °. Also shown in section in the figure is a counter-punching cylinder 502 whose smooth cylindrical surface is a counter-pressure surface for the cutting edge 504 of the stamp 501 offers. To make it clear which cutting plane the 5 shows are the first direction of rotation 106 and the further direction of rotation 108 , which are both in the figure plane, indicated with arrows.

6 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further pair of stamps 201 and die 202 without cutting edge. Here the first applies to 3a) above. In contrast to the 3a) shows the first punch line here 305 along the first direction of rotation 106 a first curvature which defines a first cylinder jacket surface. A trajectory of the first punch line lies on the first cylinder jacket surface 305 when punching with the punching device 101 the 2 . Furthermore, the further punch line 306 along the further direction of rotation 108 a further curvature, which defines a further cylinder jacket surface, on which when punching with the punching device 101 the 2 a flight circle of the further punch line 306 lies.

7th shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a sheet-like substrate 104 as in an arrangement according to the invention 100 may be present. The flat substrate 104 consists of a carrier layer 701 with a first page 704 and another page 703 and one on the other side 703 on the carrier layer 701 printed color application 702 representing a decor.

8th shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a section of a sheet-like composite 800 for producing dimensionally stable food containers. The planar composite 800 is by punching at least one hole 1306 through the application of paint 702 and the backing layer 701 of the sheet-like substrate 104 the 7th with the punching device 101 the 2 , Coating an outer polymer layer 801 on the paint application 702 on the other side 703 the carrier layer 701 and a polymer interlayer 802 , a barrier layer 803 , an adhesion promoter layer 804 and a polymer inner layer 805 on the opposite first page 704 the carrier layer 701 and thereby covering the at least one hole 1306 with said layers from the sheet-like substrate of 7th available. The at least one hole 1306 in the carrier layer 701 is not shown here.

9 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of the sheet-like substrate 104 the arrangement 100 the 1 . The flat substrate 104 consists of a carrier layer 701 with a first page 704 and another opposite side 703 .

10 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a section of a further sheet-like composite 800 . The planar composite 800 is by means of the procedural steps 1101 to 1106 of the procedure 1100 the 11 from the sheet-like substrate 104 the 9 available. As a result, there is a flat bond 800 from superimposed layers of a layer sequence in the direction of an outside of the sheet-like composite 800 to an opposite inside from a paint application 702 , of a decor on the further side 703 the carrier layer 701 forms, a polymer outer layer 801 , the carrier layer 701 and on their first page 704 from a polymer interlayer 802 , a barrier layer 803 , an adhesion promoter layer 804 and a polymer inner layer 805 . The at least one hole 1306 in the carrier layer 701 is not shown here.

11 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention 1100 for producing a sheet-like composite 800 . In a process step a) 1101 becomes the arrangement 100 the 1 provided. In a process step b) 1102 depends on the container to be produced 1400 a hole 1306 into the sheet-like substrate 104 by means of the first 102 and another tool 102 the punching device 101 punched. In further procedural steps 1103 , c) 1104 and d) 1105 become a polymer outer layer 801 (Process step 1103 ) an intermediate polymer layer 802 and a barrier layer 803 (Process step c) 1104 ) and a polymer inner layer 803 (Process step d) 1105 ) onto the carrier layer as explained in detail above for the examples 701 coated and finally in one process step 1106 the polymer outer layer 801 with one application of paint 702 printed as described in more detail for the examples.

12 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention 1200 for making a closed container 1400 . In a process step A] 1201 becomes the container precursor 1300 after 13 provided. In a process step B] 1202 becomes a floor area 1304 of the container precursor 1300 by folding the sheet-like composite 800 educated. In a process step C] 1203 becomes the bottom area 1304 closed by sealing with hot air at a temperature of 300 ° C. In a process step D] 1204 becomes the container precursor 1300 with a food 1401 filled and in a process step E] 1205 becomes the container precursor 1300 in a head area 1303 while maintaining the closed container 1400 closed by sealing. In a process step F] 1206 becomes an opening aid 1402 on the closed container 1400 glued.

13 shows a schematic representation of a container precursor according to the invention 1300 . The container precursor 1300 contains a cut of the sheet-like composite 800 the 10 for making a single closed container 1400 . The container precursor contains accordingly 1300 one 1306 the holes of the sheet-like composite 800 . The hole 1306 is with the polymer outer layer 801 (not shown), the polymer interlayer 802 (not shown), the barrier layer 803 , the adhesion promoter layer 804 (not shown) and the polymer inner layer 805 (not shown) covered as perforated cover layers. The container precursor 1300 has jacket-shaped with edges 1301 which are longitudinal edges. Also includes the container precursor 1300 a longitudinal seam 1302 , in which a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge of the sheet-like composite 800 are sealed together. By folding along creases 1305 and connecting fold areas is a head area 1303 and a floor area 1304 of the container precursor 1300 is a closed container 1400 available. Such a closed container 1400 is in 14th shown.

14th shows a schematic representation of a container according to the invention 1400 . The closed container 1400 is from the container precursor 1300 after 13 produced. The closed container 1400 contains a food 1401 and has 12 edges 1301 on. Furthermore, the container is closed 1400 with a lid with an opening aid 1402 connected which the hole 1306 on the outside of the sheet-like composite 800 covered. Here includes the lid 1402 inside a cutting tool as an opening aid.

15th shows a schematic detailed representation of a lifting punch 1500 of the prior art in cross section. The lifting punch includes punching tools 1500 a stamp 501 the in 5 shown type, but no counter-punching cylinder 502 but a counter-tool 1501 with flat counter pressure surface. Punching takes place using a linear punching stroke 1502 of the stamp 501 against the counter tool 1501 . Between stamp 501 and counter tool 1501 there is a region of the sheet-like substrate to be punched 104 .

16 shows a schematic detailed representation of a further lifting punch 1600 of the prior art in cross section. The lifting punch includes punching tools 1600 a pair of stamps 201 and die 202 as in 3a) shown. Punching takes place using a linear punching stroke 1502 of the stamp 201 against the die 202 so that the stamp 201 into the die 202 engages and a punched slug by shear cutting from the sheet-like substrate 104 is separated.

17th shows a schematic detailed representation of a further lifting punch 1700 of the prior art in cross section. The lifting punch includes punching tools 1700 a pair of stamps 201 and die 202 as in 3c ) shown. Punching takes place using a linear punching stroke 1502 of the stamp 201 against the die 202 so that the stamp 201 into the die 202 engages and a punched slug by shear cutting from the sheet-like substrate 104 is separated.

List of reference symbols

100

arrangement according to the invention

101

Punching device

102

first tool

103

another tool

104

flat substrate

105

first axis of rotation

106

first direction of rotation

107

further axis of rotation

108

further direction of rotation

109

Processing direction

201

stamp

202

die

203

first wave

204

another wave

301

first edge

302

further edge

303

first edge angle

304

further edge angle

305

first punch line

306

another punch line

501

Stamp with cutting edge

502

Counter-punching cylinder

503

unsanded surfaces

504

Cutting edge

701

Carrier layer

702

Paint application

703

another page

704

first page

800

planar composite

801

Polymer outer layer

802

Polymer interlayer

803

Barrier layer

804

Adhesion promoter layer

805

Polymer inner layer

1100

inventive method for producing a sheet-like composite

1101

Process step a)

1102

Process step b)

1103

Coating with a polymer outer layer

1104

Process step c)

1105

Process step d)

1106

Printing

1200

inventive method for producing a closed container

1201

Process step A]

1202

Process step B]

1203

Process step C]

1204

Process step D]

1205

Process step E]

1206

Process step F]

1300

container precursor according to the invention

1301

Edge

1302

Longitudinal seam

1303

Head area

1304

Floor area

1305

Creasing

1306

hole

1400

container according to the invention

1401

food

1402

Opening aid with lid

1500

Prior art lift punch

1501

Counter tool with flat counter pressure surface

1502

Punch stroke

1600

further prior art lifting punch

1700

further prior art lifting punch

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 9009926 A2 [0004, 0114]
• PA 6 [0147]
• PA 610 [0147]
• PA 612 [0147]
• PA 11 [0147]
• PA 12 [0147]
• EP 1812298 B1 [0200, 0202]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN 60001-1: 2001-05 [0125]
• DIN EN ISO 6938: 2015-01 [0125]
• DIN EN ISO 307 [0175]
• ISO 16014-3 / -5 [0176]
• Willy Herbst, Klaus Hunger Copyright © 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-30576-9 [0179]
• ASTM D3985-05 Standard [0180]
• Standard ISO 2493-2: 2011 [0181]
• ISO 186 [0181]
• ISO 9184 [0184]
• ISO 8784-1: 2005 [0185]

Claims (19)

A method (1100), including as method steps a) providing i) a punching device (101), including A) a first tool (102), and B) a further tool (103), and ii) a sheet-like substrate (104), including a backing layer (701); b) making at least one hole (1306) in the sheet-like substrate (104) by contacting the sheet-like substrate (104) on opposite sides with i) the first tool (102) and ii) the further tool (103); and c) planar superimposition and planar connection of the carrier layer (701) on a first side (704) of the carrier layer (701) with a barrier layer (803), so that the at least one hole (1306) in the carrier layer (701) with the barrier layer (803) is covered; characterized in that when the at least one hole (1306) is made in method step b) (1102) a. the first tool (102) rotates in a first direction of rotation (106) about a first axis of rotation (105) and b. the further tool (103) rotates about a further axis of rotation (107) in a further direction of rotation (108) which is opposite to the first direction of rotation (106). The method (1100) according to Claim 1 , wherein the introduction of the at least one hole (1306) in method step b) (1102) includes separating at least one punched socket from the sheet-like substrate (104), the separating along a first punching line (305) of the first tool (102) or a further punch line (306) of the further tool (103) or along both. The method (1100) according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the introduction of the at least one hole (1306) in method step b) (1102) includes shearing a first punch line (305) of the first tool (102) against a further punch line (306) of the further tool (103), preferably thereby he follows. The method (1100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein neither the first tool (102) nor the further tool (103) includes a cutting edge (504). The method (1100) according to one of the Claims 2 to 4th wherein the first cut line (305) has a first curvature along the first direction of rotation (106). The method (1100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (701) includes at least one sub-layer made of a fiber-containing material. The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method additionally comprises a method step d) planar superimposition and planar connection of the carrier layer (701) on the first side (704) with a polymer inner layer (805). The method (1100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (1100) after method step b) (1102) additionally includes a planar superimposition and planar joining of the carrier layer (701) on a further side opposite the first side (704) an outer polymer layer (703). The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a sheet-like composite (800), comprising the carrier layer (701) and the barrier layer (803) as superimposed layers of a layer sequence, is obtained from the sheet-like substrate (104), the method according to Process step c) additional process steps A) folding at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800); and B) contacting and connecting a first longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional region with a further longitudinal edge of the at least two-dimensional region lying opposite the first longitudinal edge while obtaining a longitudinal seam (1302). A sheet-like composite (800) obtainable by the method (1100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th . A container precursor (1300) obtainable by the method according to Claim 9 . An arrangement (100), comprising as components a) a punching device (101), comprising i) a first tool (102), and ii) a further tool (103); and b) a sheet-like substrate (104) containing a carrier layer (701) containing a fiber-containing material; wherein at least one flat area of the flat substrate (104) is arranged between the first tool (102) and the further tool (103), the first tool (102) and the further tool (103) for making at least one hole (1306) ) are arranged and formed in the planar area by contacting the planar area on opposite sides of the planar substrate (104) with the first tool (102) and the further tool (103); characterized in that a. the first tool (102) is arranged and designed to be rotatable in a first direction of rotation (106) about a first axis of rotation (105), b. the further tool (103) is arranged and designed to be rotatable about a further axis of rotation (107) in a further direction of rotation (108) counter to the first direction of rotation (106). A container precursor (1300) containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800) after Claim 10 wherein the at least one sheet-like area includes the at least one hole (1306). A container (1400) containing at least one sheet-like area of the sheet-like composite (800) after Claim 10 wherein the at least one sheet-like area includes the at least one hole (1306). A method (1200), including, as method steps A], providing the container precursor (1300) after Claim 11 or 13 ; B] shaping a bottom region (1304) of the container precursor (1300) by folding the at least one sheet-like region; C] closing the bottom area (1304); D] filling the container precursor (1300) with a food (1401); and E] closing the container precursor (1300) in a head region (1303) to obtain a closed container. A closed container obtainable by method (1200) according to Claim 15 . A use of the arrangement (100) according to Claim 12 for punching the at least one hole (1306) in the sheet-like substrate (104). A use of a sheet-like substrate, including a cardboard layer, as the sheet-like substrate (104) of the method (1100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 . A use of a rotary punch for making at least one hole (1306) in a sheet-like substrate (104), containing a carrier layer (701), for producing a food container.

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