WO2021017373A1 - 具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置 - Google Patents

具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017373A1
WO2021017373A1 PCT/CN2019/125478 CN2019125478W WO2021017373A1 WO 2021017373 A1 WO2021017373 A1 WO 2021017373A1 CN 2019125478 W CN2019125478 W CN 2019125478W WO 2021017373 A1 WO2021017373 A1 WO 2021017373A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
adjustment
panel
reflecting surface
uniformly
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PCT/CN2019/125478
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘国玺
杨文宁
杜彪
郑元鹏
伍洋
宁晓磊
赵均红
杨晋蓉
陈隆
刘胜文
Original Assignee
中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所
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Application filed by 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 filed Critical 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所
Priority to ES19939758T priority Critical patent/ES2921899T1/es
Priority to EP19939758.9A priority patent/EP4007071A4/en
Priority to DE19939758.9T priority patent/DE19939758T1/de
Publication of WO2021017373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017373A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/02438A priority patent/ZA202202438B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/192—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with dual offset reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/147—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H01Q15/165—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal composed of a plurality of rigid panels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of communication, measurement and control, radio astronomy, etc., in particular to a uniformly-blocked high-precision secondary reflecting surface device with two-stage pose adjustment functions.
  • Dual-biased antenna means that the main plane is biased on the secondary plane and the secondary plane is biased on the feed.
  • the dual-biased antenna not only overcomes the occlusion of the secondary surface of the main surface, but also overcomes the occlusion of the secondary surface by the feed and the support arm, thereby improving the paraxial sidelobe characteristics of the antenna pattern and the input voltage standing wave ratio of the feed Features, and has a higher antenna efficiency.
  • the dual-biased Gregorian antenna is easy to achieve a compact structure and there is a large interval between the primary feed and the secondary surface, which can reduce the near field effect and easily achieve the far field conditions, so the application range is wider.
  • the down-biased antenna is used in a large number of projects because of its low center of gravity and is beneficial to the installation and maintenance of the receiving system.
  • the geometric dimensions of the secondary reflective surface and the relative position relationship with the main surface are very different from those of the circularly symmetrical reflective surface antenna. How to accurately adjust the secondary reflective surface to the theoretical position is the design Otherwise, it will lead to a mismatch in the positional relationship between the primary and secondary reflective surfaces, causing a sharp drop in antenna efficiency.
  • the SKA project consists of a total of 2500 dual-biased reflector antennas with a diameter of 15 meters. It receives weak radio signals from the distant universe. Therefore, the antenna is required to have high efficiency, low noise performance, and low cost and fast installation characteristics. Among them, the antenna When the efficiency requirement is 15GHz, it should be better than 88%.
  • the SKA project has completed three pilot unit antennas.
  • DVA-C A Chinese dish prototype for the Square Kilometre Array
  • the development of the Canadian SKA prototype is introduced.
  • the above three principle prototypes all use composite material integral secondary reflective surfaces.
  • the mold required for the integral secondary reflective surface is also an integral structure, with large geometric dimensions, resulting in low processing accuracy; large-size composite materials are prone to defects such as internal stress and uneven shrinkage during the molding process, resulting in molding The overall accuracy of the subsequent secondary reflecting surface is reduced.
  • CN105226370A named The patent of "6/6-UPU Parallel Mechanism Antenna Structure System” discloses a device that uses a six-pole parallel mechanism as an antenna mount to realize the overhead tracking function;
  • Chinese patent publication number CN106450653A titled “A The patent of Parallel Six Degrees of Freedom Redundant Driving Antenna Structure System discloses a mechanism that realizes the negative angle and elevation angle of the antenna through the combination of a six-bar parallel mechanism and a cone;
  • the document “Orientation of radio-telescope secondary mirror via parallel” Platform” (Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control, 2015 12th International Conference) introduces a parallel mechanism for adjusting the six degrees of freedom of the secondary reflecting surface;
  • the document “Stiffness Study of a Hexapod Telescope Platform” (Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions, 2011) introduced a device that uses a six-bar mechanism as a plane antenna array mount.
  • the above-mentioned parallel mechanisms can realize the six-degree-
  • the local stiffness is low.
  • the traditional parallel mechanism is generally composed of six driving rods, a movable platform and a fixed platform, and the movable platform is connected with the driving rod through three supporting points.
  • the movable platform used as the foundation of the secondary reflective surface may cause low rigidity of the connection position due to too few supporting points, thereby reducing the surface accuracy of the secondary reflective surface.
  • the six-bar parallel mechanism uses six sets of drive systems. When one of the drives or the rods fails, the system will not work properly and even affect the safety of the equipment.
  • segmented panel adjustment structure forms can meet the requirements of reflector antennas with certain accuracy or circularly symmetric reflector antennas, but for the secondary reflection of dual-biased reflector antennas that require high position accuracy and high surface accuracy Generally speaking, there are the following shortcomings:
  • the antenna panel needs to overcome the gravity adjustment in different postures, which is difficult to operate.
  • the reflector antenna is in the form of a parabola.
  • the slope of the panel is small. It is very large.
  • it is necessary to overcome the panel's own weight, and slipping is easy to occur during the adjustment process. Especially when working at high altitude, it will bring great difficulties to the operator, even with It's dangerous.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a uniformly divided and high-precision secondary reflecting surface device with two-stage pose adjustment function, which has high surface accuracy, high adjustment accuracy, high adjustment efficiency, high rigidity and weight Light features.
  • a uniformly divided, high-precision secondary reflecting surface device with two-stage pose adjustment function which is characterized in that it includes an adjustment device 1, a secondary reflecting surface 2, a single-layer space back frame 3, and a panel fine adjustment device 4;
  • the adjusting device 1 is located in the diameter direction of the secondary reflecting surface 2, and includes a movable platform 1-1, a fixed platform 1-2, a main adjusting rod 1-3, an auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4, a moving platform ball node 1-5 and a fixed platform Platform ball node 1-6, the movable platform 1-1 is connected with the single-layer space back frame 3, the fixed platform 1-2 is located outside the aperture of the secondary reflecting surface 2, and the fixed platform 1-2 is a plane truss structure ,
  • the shape is N-sided, where N is a natural number and N ⁇ 4, the fixed platform 1-2 is composed of N fixed platform rods 1-2-1 ⁇ 1-2-N, and the fixed platform rods are paired by two They are connected by fixed platform ball nodes 1-6.
  • the movable platform 1-1 is a plane truss structure with a 2N polygonal shape.
  • the movable platform consists of 2N movable platform rods 1-1-1 to 1- It is composed of 1-2N, and the two movable platform rods are connected by movable platform ball joints 1-5.
  • the movable platform rods 1-1-1 ⁇ 1-1-2N fixed platform rods 1-2-1 ⁇ 1-2-N main adjusting rod 1-3 and auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4 form a mesh structure with multiple triangular empty areas;
  • the secondary reflective surface 2 is composed of an N-sided panel 2-1 and N sector-shaped panels 2-2, and the N sector-shaped panels 2-2 are distributed radially on the periphery of the N-sided panel 2-1 , And the area of each fan-shaped panel 2-2 is equivalent to the area of the N-sided panel 2-1, and the secondary reflecting surface 2 is connected to the single-layer space back frame 3 through the panel fine adjustment device 4;
  • the single-layer space back frame 3 is composed of an inner ring support 3-1, a main rod 3-2, an inclined rod 3-3, and an inner globe node 3-4.
  • the inner ring support 3-1 has an N-side shape
  • the inner ring support 3-1 is composed of N inner ring rods 3-1-1 ⁇ 3-1-N.
  • the inner ring rods 3-1-1 ⁇ 3-1-N pass through the inner ring node 3 -4 are connected, the inner ring rod 3-1-1, the movable platform rod 1-1-1 ⁇ 1-1-2N, the main rod 3-2 and the inclined rod 3-3 form a plurality of triangular empty areas Net structure
  • the panel fine adjustment device 4 includes a positioning mechanism 4-1 and an adjustment mechanism 4-2.
  • the positioning mechanism 4-1 is located between the N-sided panel 2-1 and the N fan-shaped panels 2-2 and the single-layer space back frame 3.
  • the adjustment mechanism 4-2 is located on the side of the non-working surface of the antenna panel.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the two-stage adjustment device adopted by the present invention has the characteristics of high adjustment accuracy and high adjustment efficiency.
  • the adjustment device is a multi-pole parallel mechanism, which realizes the primary six-degree-of-freedom posture adjustment of the secondary reflecting surface; the panel fine adjustment device can realize the surface precision adjustment and secondary posture adjustment of the secondary reflecting surface.
  • the adjustment device and the single-layer space back frame of the present invention are composed of multiple triangular units, have stable mechanical properties, can effectively resist the gravitational deformation of the antenna in the pitching motion, and improve the dynamic performance of the antenna system. It has the advantages of high rigidity and light weight.
  • the parallel mechanism used in the adjustment device of the present invention is a redundant design. There are more adjustment rods than the traditional six-bar structure. When individual rods fail or fail, the adjustment device can still work normally and is a stable structure. It will affect the antenna system, so it has high reliability.
  • the block method adopted by the secondary reflecting surface of the present invention makes the reflecting surface consist of a polygon and several fan-shaped units, and the fan-shaped units are positioned by the outer edge of the polygon, which overcomes the difficulty of the fan-shaped units in the circumferential direction in the traditional method. Positioning defects.
  • the panel fine adjustment device of the present invention increases the lateral connection of the panel and improves the dynamic performance of the antenna.
  • the adjustment mechanism not only provides continuous adjustment of the plane direction, but also provides lateral support for the antenna panel in two directions. When the antenna is pitching, this lateral support can reduce the movement of the panel, thereby improving the antenna
  • the overall accuracy of the system improves the dynamic performance of the antenna system.
  • the present invention provides a calculation formula for the adjustment value of the fine adjustment device of the secondary reflecting surface panel, and the corresponding adjustment value can be calculated according to this formula, which provides a data basis for the precise adjustment of the panel.
  • the movable platform and the fixed platform composing the adjustment device adopt a hollow structured plane truss structure, which is located outside the aperture of the secondary reflecting surface, forming an unobstructed electromagnetic channel.
  • the adjustment device of the present invention is easy to operate and improves the adjustment efficiency of the panel. Regardless of the posture of the antenna panel, the operator can realize the rotation adjustment and movement adjustment of the panel by rotating the corresponding rod, which overcomes the traditional drawbacks of relying on manual adjustment of the panel, and has the characteristics of high adjustment efficiency and safe operation.
  • the present invention has clever ideas, clear ideas, and is easy to implement. It not only solves the traditional single-stage adjustment accuracy and low efficiency, but also improves the reliability and design flexibility of the parallel mechanism. It is a kind of improvement to the existing technology. Important improvements.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the adjusting device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sub-reflecting surface block according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-layer space back frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall distribution of the panel fine adjustment device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure and composition of a panel fine adjustment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the positioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of calculation parameters of an adjustment mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure of the adjustment mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a node structure of a single-layer space back frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph of gravitational deformation in the x direction of an antenna panel in the background art
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram of gravitational deformation of an antenna panel in the y direction in the background art
  • Fig. 14 is a diagram of the gravitational deformation of the antenna panel in the x direction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram of the y-direction gravity deformation of the antenna panel in the present invention.
  • 16 is a deformation view of the vertical state of the secondary reflecting surface of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a deformation view of the horizontal state of the secondary reflecting surface of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a surface accuracy curve of the secondary reflecting surface under different elevation angles according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • adjustment device 1 movable platform 1-1, movable platform rod 1-1-1, movable platform rod 1-1-2, movable platform rod 1-1-3, movable platform rod 1- 1-4, moving platform rod 1-1-5, moving platform rod 1-1-6, moving platform rod 1-1-7, moving platform rod 1-1-8, moving platform rod 1-1-9, moving Platform pole 1-1-10, fixed platform 1-2, fixed platform pole 1-2-1, fixed platform pole 1-2-2, fixed platform pole 1-2-3, fixed platform pole 1-2-4, Fixed platform rod 1-2-5, main adjusting rod 1-3, auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4, moving platform ball joint 1-5, fixed platform ball joint 1-6;
  • Inner ring support 3-1 inner ring rod 3-1-1, inner ring rod 3-1-2, inner ring rod 3-1-3, inner ring rod 3-1-4, Inner ring rod 3-1-5, main rod 3-2, oblique rod 3-3, inner ring node 3-4;
  • Panel fine adjustment device 4 positioning mechanism 4-1, main support rod 4-1-1, independent support rod 4-1-2, first direction connecting plate 4-1-3, second direction connecting plate 4-1-1 4. Nut 4-1-5, spherical washer 4-1-6, tapered washer 4-1-7, adjusting mechanism 4-2, V-rod 4-2-1, A connecting rod 4-2-1- 1. B connecting rod 4-2-1-2, one-way rod 4-2-2, dual-node support 4-2-3, single-node support 4-2-4.
  • a dual-biased antenna is generally composed of a main reflective surface, a secondary reflective surface and a feed source.
  • the secondary reflective surface is located in the middle of the electromagnetic path between the primary reflective surface and the feed source, and serves as a secondary reflection of electromagnetic waves. effect.
  • the surface accuracy and position accuracy of the secondary reflecting surface directly determine the key indicators such as the efficiency, side lobes and cross polarization of the dual offset antenna.
  • a secondary reflective surface adjusting device with a diameter of 5 meters in a dual offset antenna is taken as an example.
  • the secondary reflective surface device of this device includes: adjusting device 1, secondary reflective surface 2, single-layer space Back frame 3 and panel fine adjustment device 4.
  • the adjustment device 1 is located in the aperture direction of the secondary reflective surface 2 and does not block the secondary reflective surface 2, including the movable platform 1-1, the fixed platform 1-2, the main adjustment rod 1-3, the auxiliary adjustment rod 1-4, and the moving platform ball node 1-5 and fixed platform ball node 1-6.
  • the movable platform 1-1 is connected to the single-layer space back frame 3
  • the fixed platform 1-2 is located outside the aperture of the secondary reflecting surface 2
  • the angle between the plane of the movable platform 1-1 and the plane of the fixed platform 1-2 is 0 ° ⁇ 30°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the plane A where the movable platform 1-1 is located and the plane B where the fixed platform 1-2 is located is 15°.
  • the fixed platform 1-2 is a plane truss structure with an N-sided shape, where N is a natural number, and N ⁇ 4, composed of N fixed platform poles 1-2-1 ⁇ 1-2-N, and two of them Are connected through the fixed platform ball nodes 1-6,
  • the fixed platform 1-2 has a pentagonal shape, consisting of fixed platform rod 1-2-1, fixed platform rod 1-2-2, fixed platform rod 1-2-3, and fixed platform rod 1-2-4 And the fixed platform pole 1-2-5.
  • the movable platform 1-1 is a plane truss structure with a 2N polygonal shape, composed of 2N movable platform rods 1-1-1 ⁇ 1-1-2N, and the two are connected by the movable platform ball joints 1-5 .
  • the shape of the moving platform 1-1 is decagonal, consisting of moving platform rod 1-1-1, moving platform rod 1-1-2, moving platform rod 1-1-3, and moving platform rod 1-1-4 , Movable platform rod 1-1-5, movable platform rod 1-1-6, movable platform rod 1-1-7, movable platform rod 1-1-8, movable platform rod 1-1-9 and movable platform rod 1 -1-10 composition.
  • At least one of the N fixed platform ball nodes 1-6 corresponds to the moving platform ball node 1-5.
  • the five nodes of the fixed platform ball node 1-6 all correspond to the moving platform ball node 1-5.
  • the main adjusting rod 1-3 is composed of N rods, and the two ends are respectively connected with the moving platform ball joint 1-5 and the fixed platform ball joint 1-6, and the number is N.
  • the number of main adjusting rods 1-3 is 5.
  • the two ends of the auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4 are respectively connected with the moving platform ball node 1-5 and the fixed platform ball node 1-6, and the number is 2N.
  • the number of auxiliary adjustment rods 1-4 is 10.
  • Both ends of the main adjustment rod 1-3 and the auxiliary adjustment rod 1-4 contain ball hinges, and the middle is a threaded structure with adjustable length.
  • the movable platform rod 1-1, the fixed platform rod 1-2, the main adjustment rod 1-3 and Auxiliary adjustment rods 1-4 form a mesh structure of multiple triangular empty areas.
  • the adjusting device 1 in this example is a mesh structure composed of 15 triangular empty areas.
  • the secondary reflective surface 2 is composed of an N-sided panel 2-1 and N sector-shaped panels 2-2.
  • the N sector-shaped panels 2-2 are radially distributed on the periphery of the N-sided panel 2-1, and each sector panel The area of 2-2 is equivalent to the area of the N-sided panel 2-1, and the secondary reflecting surface 2 is connected to the single-layer space back frame 3 through the panel fine adjustment device 4.
  • the secondary reflecting surface 2 in this example is composed of a pentagonal panel 2-1 and five fan-shaped panels 2-2.
  • the area of the pentagonal panel 2-1 is 3.7m 2 and the area of the fan-shaped panel 2-2 is 3.4 m 2 .
  • the single-layer space back frame 3 is composed of an inner ring support 3-1, a main pole 3-2, an inclined pole 3-3, and an inner globe node 3-4.
  • the inner ring support 3-1 and the movable platform 1-1 are respectively located in two planes, and the distance between the two planes is 500-3000 mm.
  • the distance between the two planes is 1000mm.
  • the shape of the inner ring support 3-1 is N-sided, the inner ring support 3-1 is composed of N inner ring rods 3-1-1 ⁇ 3-1-N, and the inner ring rods 3-1-1 ⁇ 3-1- The two N are connected through the internal global node 3-4.
  • the inner ring support 3-1 has a pentagonal shape, consisting of an inner ring rod 3-1-1, an inner ring rod 3-1-2, an inner ring rod 3-1-3, and an inner ring rod 3-1-3. 4 and the inner ring rod 3-1-5.
  • At least one of the N inner global nodes 3-4 corresponds to the moving platform ball node 1-5.
  • the five internal global nodes 3-4 all correspond to the moving platform ball nodes 1-5.
  • the two ends of the main pole 3-2 are respectively connected with the inner globe node 3-4 and the moving platform ball node 1-5, and the number is N.
  • the number of main poles 3-2 is 5.
  • the two ends of the inclined rod 3-3 are respectively connected with the inner globe node 3-4 and the moving platform ball node 1-5, and the number is 2N.
  • the number of diagonal bars 3-3 is 10.
  • the inner ring rod 3-1-1, the movable platform rod 1-1-1 to 1-1-2N, the main rod 3-2 and the oblique rod 3-3 form a mesh structure of multiple triangular empty areas.
  • the single-layer space back frame 3 in this example is a mesh structure composed of 15 triangular empty areas.
  • the panel fine adjustment device 4 includes a positioning mechanism 4-1 and an adjustment mechanism 4-2.
  • the positioning mechanism 4-1 is located at the connection point between the N-sided panel 2-1 and the N sector-shaped panels 2-2 and the inner global node 3-4 of the single-layer space back frame 3.
  • the number of positioning mechanisms 4-1 in this example is 10.
  • the positioning mechanism 4-1 consists of a main support rod 4-1-1, an independent support rod 4-1-2, a first direction connecting plate 4-1-3, and a second direction connecting plate 4- 1-4, nut 4-1-5, spherical washer 4-1-6 and tapered washer 4-1-7.
  • the axial direction of the main support rod 4-1-1 is the same as the normal direction of the panel; the first direction connecting plate 4-1-3 is connected to the single-layer space back frame 3 through the main support rod 4-1-1;
  • the second-direction connecting plate 4-1-4 is connected to the panel by fasteners or adhesives; the first-direction connecting plate 4-1-3 and the second-direction connecting plate 4-1-4 are provided with oblong holes , And the directions of the two oblong holes are orthogonal to each other;
  • the independent support rod 4-1-2 is located between the connecting plate 4-1-3 in the first direction and the connecting plate 4-1-4 in the second direction, and the independent support rod 4-
  • the upper end of 1-2 is located in the oblong hole of the connecting plate 4-1-4 in the second direction, and the position is fixed by a nut.
  • the lower end of the independent support rod 4-1-2 is located in the oblong hole of the connecting plate 4-1-3 in the first direction, and the nut 4-1-5 spherical washer 4-1-6 and tapered washer 4-1-7 fixed position
  • the adjustment mechanism 4-2 is located on the side of the non-working surface of the antenna panel. It consists of a V-shaped rod 4-2-1, a one-way rod 4-2-2, a dual-node support 4-2-3 and a single
  • the joint support 4-2-4 is composed of the V-shaped rod 4-2-1 including two adjustable-length A link 4-2-1-1 and B link 4-2-1 with ball hinges at both ends -2.
  • One end of the A connecting rod 4-2-1-1 and the B connecting rod 4-2-1-2 is connected with the single-layer space back frame 3, and the other end is connected with the double node support 4-2-3;
  • the two ends of the one-way rod 4-2-2 are spherical hinges and the length can be adjusted.
  • One end of the one-way rod 4-2-2 is connected with the single-layer space back frame 3, and the other end is connected with the single-node support 4-2-4 Phase connection.
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustment mechanism 4-2 to the panel can be calculated as follows:
  • ⁇ L Ax is the adjustment amount of the A link in the x direction
  • ⁇ L Bx is the adjustment amount of the B link in the x direction
  • L is the initial length of the A link and the B link
  • ⁇ is the half clamp of the A link and the B link Angle
  • ⁇ x is the adjustment amount in the x direction of a given panel
  • ⁇ L y is the adjustment amount in the y direction of the A link and the B link; ⁇ y is the adjustment amount in the y direction of the given panel;
  • ⁇ R x is the adjustment in the x direction of the one-way rod
  • ⁇ R y is the adjustment in the y direction of the one-way rod
  • R is the initial length of the one-way rod
  • ⁇ is the angle between the one-way rod and the horizontal axis
  • ⁇ x is the given The adjustment amount in the x direction of the panel
  • ⁇ y is the adjustment amount in the y direction of a given panel.
  • the ratio of the largest curved surface area to the smallest curved surface area of the N-sided panel 2-1 and the N sector-shaped panels 2-2 is 1 to 1.3.
  • the ratio of the largest curved surface area to the smallest curved surface area of the pentagonal panel 2-1 and the five sector-shaped panels 2-2 in this example is 1.1.
  • the middle thread structure of the main adjusting rod 1-3 and the auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4 is an adjustable length form that uses a combination of left and right rotation.
  • the ball hinges at both ends of the main adjusting rod 1-3 and the auxiliary adjusting rod 1-4 are ball bearings.
  • the inner ring rods 3-1-1 ⁇ 3-1-5, the movable platform rods 1-1-1 ⁇ 1-1-10, the main rod 3-2 and the inclined rod 3-3 all include round Tubes, cones, high-strength bolts and nuts.
  • the middle thread structure of A connecting rod 4-2-1-1, B connecting rod 4-2-1-2 and one-way rod 4-2-2 is an adjustable length form that uses a combination of left and right rotation.
  • the nut 4-1-5, the spherical washer 4-1-6 and the conical washer 4-1-7 are located on both sides of the connecting plate 4-1-3 in the first direction, and are symmetrically distributed.
  • the dual-node support 4-2-3 is located at the center of gravity of the antenna panel and is connected to the panel by fasteners or glue; the single-node support 4-2-4 is located under the antenna panel and is connected to the antenna panel by fasteners or glue. The panels are connected.
  • the gap between the N-sided panel 2-1 and the N sector-shaped panels 2-2 constituting the secondary reflective surface 2 is 0.2-5 mm.
  • the gap between the pentagonal panel 2-1 and the five sector-shaped panels 2-2 in this example is 2mm.
  • the adjustment principle of the secondary reflecting surface device of the present invention is as follows:
  • (1) Primary adjustment First, measure the main reflecting surface to determine the adjustment information of the secondary reflecting surface, which mainly includes the displacement adjustment and the rotation adjustment; the secondary reflecting surface adjustment information is classified into the primary adjustment value of the displacement adjustment and the rotation adjustment; By rotating the main adjustment rod and the auxiliary adjustment rod of the adjustment device of the present invention, the displacement and rotation of the secondary reflecting surface are adjusted until the primary adjustment value is reached.
  • Secondary adjustment Determine the secondary adjustment information according to the residual after primary adjustment; adjust the positioning mechanism and adjustment mechanism of the central N-sided panel to meet the requirements of secondary adjustment; adjust the positioning mechanism and adjustment mechanism of the peripheral N sector panels respectively, Make the entire secondary reflective surface meet the requirements of surface accuracy indicators.
  • Model description In order to illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, two mechanical simulation models are established, one is the background technology, and the other is the method of the present invention.
  • the panel geometry, materials, and boundary conditions in the two simulation models are the same.
  • 70% of the external loads received by the antenna come from gravity. Therefore, for the two models, two representative working conditions were selected: x-direction gravity analysis and y-direction gravity analysis.
  • Figures 12 and 13 are graphs of the gravitational deformation of the antenna panel in the background art in the x and y directions; Figures 14 and 15 are respectively the antenna panel in the background art in the x and y directions. Gravity deformation map.
  • the calculation content is the gravitational deformation of the secondary reflecting surface of the dual-biased antenna in the pitch range of 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the calculated pitch angles include: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 50°, 60°, 75 ° and 90 °.
  • the secondary reflecting surface device of the present invention includes an adjusting device, a secondary reflecting surface, a single-layer space back frame and a panel fine adjusting device.
  • the adjustment device adopts a multi-pole six-degree-of-freedom secondary surface adjustment mechanism with a movable and fixed platform as a plane truss to realize the primary posture adjustment of the secondary reflective surface;
  • the secondary reflective surface is composed of a polygonal panel and several fan-shaped panels, each fan-shaped panel The area is equivalent to the area of the polygonal panel;
  • the number of inner and outer sides of the single-layer space back frame is 1:2, which provides supporting rigidity for the secondary reflecting surface;
  • the panel fine adjustment device includes a positioning mechanism and an adjustment mechanism, and the positioning mechanism is used to realize the panel
  • the adjustment mechanism realizes the movement adjustment of the secondary reflecting surface.
  • This secondary reflecting surface device can not only realize the two-stage posture adjustment of the secondary reflecting surface, but also can improve the overall rigidity of the secondary surface system, reduce the overall weight, and at the same time can

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，它涉及通信、测控以及射电天文等领域。本发明副反射面装置包括调整装置、副反射面、单层空间背架和面板精调装置。调整装置采用动、定平台为平面桁架的多杆六自由度副面调整机构，实现对副反射面的初级位姿调整；副反射面由均匀分块的一个多边形面板和若干个扇形面板组成；单层空间背架的内外边数为1比2形式，为副反射面提供结构支撑；面板精调装置实现对副反射面的次级位姿调整。这种装置不仅能够实现副反射面的两级位姿调整，而且能够提高副反射面的整体刚度，减小整体重量，同时能够提升安装调整效率和提高调整精度。

Description

具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信、测控以及射电天文等技术领域，特别是指一种具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置。
背景技术
双偏置天线是指主面对副面偏置、副面对馈源偏置。双偏置天线既克服了副面对主面的遮挡，又克服了馈源及支臂对副面的遮挡，从而改善了天线方向图的近轴旁瓣特性和馈源的输入电压驻波比特性，而且具有较高的天线效率。
格里高利形式的双偏置天线容易实现紧凑的结构而且初级馈源和副面之间有较大间隔，可减小近场效应而易于实现远场条件，因此应用范围更为广泛。下偏置天线由于重心位置低，且有利于接收系统的安装和维护，为大量工程所采用。
正是因为双偏置天线具有以上优点，国际大科学工程——平方公里阵SKA(Square Kilometre Array)射电望远镜项目，采用了下偏置格里高利双反射面天线形式。
对于双偏置天线而言，副反射面的几何尺寸、与主面的相对位置关系均与圆对称反射面天线有着很大的差异，如何将副反射面精确地调整到理论位置上去，是设计中的关键问题，否则，将导致主、副反射面位置关系不匹配，引起天线效率的急剧下降。
SKA项目由总计2500面15米口径的双偏置反射面天线组成，接收来自遥远宇宙的微弱射电信号，因此需要天线具有高效率、低噪声性能，以及低成本和快速安装的特点，其中，天线效率要求在15GHz时，应优于88％。
目前，SKA工程已完成了三个先导单元天线，文献《DVA-C：A Chinese dish prototype for the Square Kilometre Array》(2015International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation)中介绍了中国SKA样机的研制；文献《The design of the MeerKAT dish optics》(Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications，2012International Conference)中介绍了南非SKA样机的研制；文献《Update on the SKA offset optics design for the U.S.Technology Development Project》(Aerospace,IEEE  Conference，March 2011)中介绍了加拿大SKA样机的研制。上述的三个原理样机，均采用复合材料整体式副反射面，这种成型方式虽然能够简化加工制造过程，但对于SKA项目来说，存在以下不足：
(1)整体式副反射面所需要的模具也为整体式结构，几何尺寸大，导致加工精度低；大尺寸的复合材料在成型过程中，易产生内应力和收缩不均匀的缺陷，导致成型后的副反射面整体精度下降。
(2)上述的三种整体式副反射面，没有设置精度调整点，成型后的副反射面精度不能控制，使得成品率降低。
(3)以上三种副反射面形式，结构支撑点少，当天线在做俯仰运动时，易产生变形，影响天线效率。
随着计算能力的提高，并联机构已应用到多个反射面天线的副面调整中去。中国专利公开号CN202712431U，名称为《一种含有固定调整机构的天线副反射面系统》的专利中公开了一种采用经典的Stewart并联机构调整副反射面的装置；中国专利公开号CN105226370A，名称为《6/6-UPU型并联机构天线结构系统》的专利中公开了一种采用六杆并联机构作为天线座架，实现了过顶跟踪功能的装置；中国专利公开号CN106450653A，名称为《一种并联式六自由度冗余驱动天线结构系统》的专利中公开了一种通过六杆并联机构和圆锥体相组合，实现了天线负角度仰角的机构；文献《Orientation of radio-telescope secondary mirror via parallel platform》(Electrical Engineering,Computing Science and Automatic Control，2015 12th International Conference)中介绍了一种用于副反射面六自由度调整的并联机构；文献《Stiffness Study of a Hexapod Telescope Platform》(Antennas and Propagation，IEEE Transactions，2011)中介绍了一种采用六杆机构作为平面天线阵座架的装置。上述的几种并联机构能够实现了对天线或副面的六自由度调整，但对于如双偏置反射面天线的副面调整的应用，存在以下不足：
(1)局部刚度低。传统并联机构一般由六个驱动杆、动平台和定平台组成，动平台通过三个支撑点与驱动杆相连接。当副反射面口径较大时，做为副反射面安装基础的动平台，可能会因为支撑点过少引起连接位置刚度低，从而降低副反射面的表面精度。
(2)可设计性差。传统并联机构为了满足求解空间的需求，不能任意配置 各杆件的位置分布，特别地，对于双偏置天线，当需要定平台位于副反射面口径外部时，会给结构设计带来很大困难。
(3)没有冗余设计。六杆并联机构采用六套驱动系统，当其中有一个驱动或杆件产生故障时，会导致系统无法正常工作，甚至会对设备安全产生影响。
对于分块式天线反射面，在每块面板背面均要设置调整点。传统的天线面板调整方法是采用若干个螺柱布置在面板背部，螺柱再与天线背架相连接，在调整时，通过调整螺柱的旋合长度来实现天线面板的移动。中国专利公开号CN202004142U，名称为《一种组合式天线面板定位连接装置》的专利中公开了一种运用锥销和螺母组合方式的天线面板连接装置；中国专利公开号CN108172970A，名称为《一种天线面板装配结构》的专利中公开了一种带有球铰的天线面板调整结构；中国专利公开号CN108155482A，名称为《一种高精度反射面天线组合面板的结构及其调整方法》的专利中公开了一种具有法向调整功能的组合面板调整方法；文献《Design,construction,and performance of the Leighton 10.4-m-diameter radio telescopes》(Proceedings of the IEEE，May 1994)中介绍了一种铝蜂窝三明治结构的面板调整装置；文献《Surface adjustment of the IRAM 30 m radio telescope》(Microwaves,Antennas&Propagation,IET，2009)中介绍了一种带有桁架结构面板的调整装置。上述的几种分块式面板调整结构形式，虽然能够满足一定精度的反射面天线或者圆对称反射面天线的需求，但对于要求高位置精度和高表面精度的双偏置反射面天线的副反射面来说，存在以下不足：
(1)没有提及面板平面移动的调整方法。上述的几种调整装置可以通过螺纹方式实现面板的轴向连续调整，但对于面板水平面内的移动调整，则没有给出相应的连续调整方式。
(2)天线面板在不同姿态时需克服重力调整，操作困难。众所周知，反射面天线为抛物面形式，单块面板在反射面不同位置时，其姿态是不同的，如靠近反射面中心位置时，面板斜度较小，而处于反射面边缘时，面板斜度会很大，当对斜度很大的面板进行移动调整时，需要克服面板自重，在调整过程中容易出现滑移现象，特别是在高空作业时，给操作人员带来很大困难，甚至会带来危险。
(3)调整效率低，易产生调整位置不收敛。对于没有可连续移动调整的装 置来说，则完全依赖于人工经验，当调整一个方向时，会对已调整好的方向产生影响，造成面板调整位置不收敛的恶性循环。
发明的内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其具有表面精度高、调整精度高、调整效率高、刚度大和重量轻的特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：包括调整装置1、副反射面2、单层空间背架3和面板精调装置4；
所述的调整装置1位于副反射面2口径方向，包括动平台1-1、定平台1-2、主调整杆1-3、辅助调整杆1-4、动平台球节点1-5和定平台球节点1-6，所述的动平台1-1与单层空间背架3相连接，定平台1-2位于副反射面2口径外部，所述的定平台1-2为平面桁架结构，外形呈N边形，其中，N为自然数，且N≥4，所述定平台1-2由N个定平台杆1-2-1～1-2-N组成，且定平台杆两两之间通过定平台球节点1-6相连接，所述的动平台1-1为平面桁架结构，外形呈2N边形，所述动平台由2N个动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-2N组成，且动平台杆两两之间通过动平台球节点1-5相连接，所述的动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-2N定平台杆1-2-1～1-2-N主调整杆1-3和辅助调整杆1-4组成多个三角形空区的网面结构；
所述的副反射面2由一个N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2组成，所述的N个扇形面板2-2呈辐射状分布于N边形面板2-1的外围，且每块扇形面板2-2的面积与N边形面板2-1的面积相当，副反射面2通过面板精调装置4与单层空间背架3相连接；
所述的单层空间背架3由内环支撑3-1、主杆3-2、斜杆3-3和内环球节点3-4组成，所述的内环支撑3-1外形为N边形，内环支撑3-1由N个内环杆3-1-1～3-1-N组成，内环杆3-1-1～3-1-N两两之间通过内环球节点3-4相连接，所述的内环杆3-1-1、动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-2N、主杆3-2和斜杆3-3组成多个三角形空区的网面结构；
所述的面板精调装置4包括定位机构4-1和调整机构4-2，定位机构4-1位 于N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2与单层空间背架3的内环球节点3-4连接点位置，调整机构4-2位于天线面板非工作面一侧。
本发明与背景技术相比具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明所采用的两级调整装置，与现有技术相比，具有调整精度高和调整效率高的特点。调整装置为多杆并联机构，实现对副反射面的初级六自由度位姿调整；面板精调装置可实现对副反射面的表面精度调整和次级位姿调整。
(2)本发明中的调整装置和单层空间背架，均由多个三角形单元组成，具有稳定的力学性能，能够有效抵抗天线在俯仰运动中的重力变形，提升了天线系统的动态性能，具有刚度大、重量轻的优点。
(3)本发明调整装置所采用的并联机构为冗余设计，调整杆件多于传统的六杆结构，当个别杆件发生故障或失效时，调整装置仍可正常工作且为稳定结构，不会对天线系统产生影响，因此具有可靠性高的特点。
(4)本发明副反射面所采用的分块方法，使反射面由一个多边形和若干个扇形单元组成，扇形单元之间通过多边形外缘进行定位，克服了传统方法中扇形单元沿圆周方向不易定位的缺陷。
(5)本发明中的面板精调装置，增加了面板的侧向连接，提升了天线动态性能。调整机构不仅提供了平面方向的连续可调整，而且为天线面板提供了两个方向的侧向支撑，当天线在做俯仰运动时，这种侧向支撑能够减小面板的移动，从而提高了天线系统的整体精度，提升了天线系统的动态性能。
(6)本发明给出了副反射面面板精调装置的调整量的计算公式，可根据此公式计算出相应的调整量，为面板的精确调整提供了数据依据。
(7)本发明中，组成调整装置的动平台和定平台采用中空结构的平面桁架结构，位于副反射面口径以外，形成了无遮挡的电磁通道。
(8)本发明的调整装置易于操作，提高了面板的调整效率。不论天线面板处于何种姿态，操作人员均可通过旋转相应杆件实现面板的转动调整和移动调整，克服了传统的依靠人工推动面板来调整的弊端，具有调整效率高，操作安全的特点。
总之，本发明构思巧妙，思路清晰，易于实现，既解决了传统的单级调整精度差、效率低的问题，又提高了并联机构的可靠性和设计灵活性，是对现有技术 的一种重要改进。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的系统组成原理图；
图2是本发明实施例的总体结构组成示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的调整装置结构组成原理图；
图4是本发明实施例的副反射面分块原理图；
图5是本发明实施例的单层空间背架结构组成原理图；
图6是本发明实施例的面板精调装置整体分布示意图；
图7是本发明实施例的面板精调装置结构组成原理图；
图8是本发明实施例的定位机构结构组成原理图；
图9是本发明实施例的调整机构计算参数示意图；
图10是本发明实施例的调整机构连杆结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例的单层空间背架的节点结构示意图；
图12是背景技术中的天线面板x方向重力变形图；
图13是背景技术中的天线面板y方向重力变形图；
图14是本发明中的天线面板x方向重力变形图；
图15是本发明中的天线面板y方向重力变形图；
图16是本发明实施例的副反射面垂直状态变形图；
图17是本发明实施例的副反射面水平状态变形图；
图18是本发明实施例的副反射面在不同仰角下的表面精度曲线。
图中各标号的含义如下：调整装置1，动平台1-1，动平台杆1-1-1，动平台杆1-1-2，动平台杆1-1-3，动平台杆1-1-4，动平台杆1-1-5，动平台杆1-1-6，动平台杆1-1-7，动平台杆1-1-8，动平台杆1-1-9，动平台杆1-1-10，定平台1-2，定平台杆1-2-1，定平台杆1-2-2，定平台杆1-2-3，定平台杆1-2-4，定平台杆1-2-5，主调整杆1-3，辅助调整杆1-4，动平台球节点1-5，定平台球节点1-6；
副反射面2，五边形面板2-1，扇形面板2-2；
单层空间背架3，内环支撑3-1，内环杆3-1-1，内环杆3-1-2，内环杆3-1-3，内环杆3-1-4，内环杆3-1-5，主杆3-2，斜杆3-3，内环球节点3-4；
面板精调装置4，定位机构4-1，主支撑杆4-1-1，独立支撑杆4-1-2，第一方向连接板4-1-3，第二方向连接板4-1-4，螺母4-1-5，球面垫圈4-1-6，锥面垫圈4-1-7，调整机构4-2，V型杆4-2-1，A连杆4-2-1-1，B连杆4-2-1-2，单向杆4-2-2，双节点支座4-2-3，单节点支座4-2-4。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
如图1所示，双偏置天线一般由主反射面、副反射面和馈源组成，其中，副反射面处于主反射面和馈源的电磁路径中间位置，起到对电磁波的二次反射作用。副反射面的表面精度和位置精度，直接决定了双偏置天线的效率、旁瓣和交叉极化等关键指标。
本实施例以双偏置天线中，口径为5米的副反射面调整装置为示例，如图2所示，本装置的副反射面装置包括：调整装置1、副反射面2、单层空间背架3和面板精调装置4。
如图3所示：
调整装置1位于副反射面2口径方向且不对副反射面2产生遮挡，包括动平台1-1、定平台1-2、主调整杆1-3、辅助调整杆1-4、动平台球节点1-5和定平台球节点1-6。动平台1-1与单层空间背架3相连接，定平台1-2位于副反射面2口径外部，动平台1-1所在平面与定平台1-2所在平面之间的夹角为0°～30°。
本例中，动平台1-1所在平面A与定平台1-2所在平面B之间的夹角α为15°。
定平台1-2为平面桁架结构，外形呈N边形，其中，N为自然数，且N≥4，由N个定平台杆1-2-1～1-2-N组成，且两两之间通过定平台球节点1-6相连接，
本例中定平台1-2外形为五边形，由定平台杆1-2-1、定平台杆1-2-2、定平台杆1-2-3、定平台杆1-2-4和定平台杆1-2-5组成。
动平台1-1为平面桁架结构，外形呈2N边形，由2N个动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-2N组成，且两两之间通过动平台球节点1-5相连接。
本例中动平台1-1外形为十边形，由动平台杆1-1-1、动平台杆1-1-2、动平台杆1-1-3、动平台杆1-1-4、动平台杆1-1-5、动平台杆1-1-6、动平台杆1-1-7、 动平台杆1-1-8、动平台杆1-1-9和动平台杆1-1-10组成。
N个定平台球节点1-6中至少有一个节点与动平台球节点1-5相对应。
本例中定平台球节点1-6的五个节点均与动平台球节点1-5相对应。
主调整杆1-3由N个杆件组成，两端分别与动平台球节点1-5和定平台球节点1-6相连接，数量为N个。
本例中主调整杆1-3的数量为5个。
辅助调整杆1-4两端分别与动平台球节点1-5和定平台球节点1-6相连接，数量为2N个。
本例中辅助调整杆1-4的数量为10个。
主调整杆1-3和辅助调整杆1-4两端均包含球铰链，中间为可调整长度的螺纹结构，动平台杆1-1、定平台杆1-2、主调整杆1-3和辅助调整杆1-4组成多个三角形空区的网面结构。
本例中的调整装置1是由15个三角形空区组成的网面结构。
如图4所示：
副反射面2由一个N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2组成，N个扇形面板2-2呈辐射状分布于N边形面板2-1的外围，且每块扇形面板2-2的面积与N边形面板2-1的面积相当，副反射面2通过面板精调装置4与单层空间背架3相连接。
本例中的副反射面2由一个五边形面板2-1和五个扇形面板2-2组成，五边形面板2-1的面积为3.7m 2，扇形面板2-2的面积为3.4m 2。
如图5所示：
单层空间背架3由内环支撑3-1、主杆3-2、斜杆3-3和内环球节点3-4组成。
内环支撑3-1和动平台1-1分别位于两个平面内，两个平面之间的距离为500～3000mm。
本例中两个平面之间的距离取值为1000mm。
内环支撑3-1外形为N边形，内环支撑3-1由N个内环杆3-1-1～3-1-N组成，内环杆3-1-1～3-1-N两两之间通过内环球节点3-4相连接。
本例中内环支撑3-1外形为五边形，由内环杆3-1-1、内环杆3-1-2、内环杆3-1-3、内环杆3-1-4和内环杆3-1-5组成。
N个内环球节点3-4中至少有一个节点与动平台球节点1-5相对应。
本例中五个内环球节点3-4均与动平台球节点1-5相对应。
主杆3-2两端分别与内环球节点3-4和动平台球节点1-5相连接，数量为N个。
本例中主杆3-2的数量为5个。
斜杆3-3两端分别与内环球节点3-4和动平台球节点1-5相连接，数量为2N个。
本例中斜杆3-3的数量为10个。
内环杆3-1-1、动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-2N、主杆3-2和斜杆3-3组成多个三角形空区的网面结构。
本例中的单层空间背架3是由15个三角形空区组成的网面结构。
如图6所示：
面板精调装置4包括定位机构4-1和调整机构4-2。定位机构4-1位于N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2与单层空间背架3的内环球节点3-4连接点位置。
本例中的定位机构4-1数量为10个。
如图7、8所示，定位机构4-1由主支撑杆4-1-1、独立支撑杆4-1-2、第一方向连接板4-1-3、第二方向连接板4-1-4、螺母4-1-5、球面垫圈4-1-6和锥面垫圈4-1-7组成。主支撑杆4-1-1轴向方向与该处面板的法向方向相同；第一方向连接板4-1-3通过主支撑杆4-1-1与单层空间背架3相连接；第二方向连接板4-1-4通过紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接；在第一方向连接板4-1-3和第二方向连接板4-1-4上设有长圆孔，且两处长圆孔方向相互正交；独立支撑杆4-1-2位于第一方向连接板4-1-3和第二方向连接板4-1-4之间，独立支撑杆4-1-2上端位于第二方向连接板4-1-4长圆孔内，通过螺母固定位置，独立支撑杆4-1-2下端位于第一方向连接板4-1-3长圆孔内，通过螺母4-1-5球面垫圈4-1-6和锥面垫圈4-1-7固定位置。
如图7所示，调整机构4-2位于天线面板非工作面一侧，由V型杆4-2-1、单向杆4-2-2、双节点支座4-2-3和单节点支座4-2-4组成，V型杆4-2-1包括两根可调整长度且两端是球铰链的A连杆4-2-1-1和B连杆4-2-1-2，A连杆4-2-1-1和B连杆4-2-1-2一端与单层空间背架3相连接，另一端与双节点支座4-2-3相 连接；单向杆4-2-2的两端是球铰链且可调整长度，单向杆4-2-2一端与单层空间背架3相连接，另一端与单节点支座4-2-4相连接。
如图9所示：
调整机构4-2对面板的调整量可按下式计算：
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000002
以上二式中，ΔL Ax为A连杆x方向调整量；ΔL Bx为B连杆x方向调整量；L为A连杆和B连杆初始长度；α为A连杆和B连杆半夹角；Δx为给定面板的x方向调整量；
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000003
式中，ΔL y为A连杆和B连杆y方向调整量；Δy为给定面板的y方向调整量；
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000005
以上二式中，ΔR x为单向杆x方向调整量；ΔR y为单向杆y方向调整量；R为单向杆初始长度；β为单向杆与水平轴夹角；Δx为给定面板的x方向调整量；Δy为给定面板的y方向调整量。
N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2中最大曲面面积与最小曲面面积之比为1～1.3。
本例中的五边形面板2-1和五个扇形面板2-2中最大曲面面积与最小曲面面积之比为1.1。
如图10所示，主调整杆1-3和辅助调整杆1-4的中间螺纹结构为左、右旋向组合使用的可调整长度形式。主调整杆1-3和辅助调整杆1-4的两端球铰链为球轴承。
如图11所示，内环杆3-1-1～3-1-5、动平台杆1-1-1～1-1-10、主杆3-2和斜杆3-3均包括圆管、锥头、高强度螺栓和螺母。
A连杆4-2-1-1、B连杆4-2-1-2和单向杆4-2-2的中间螺纹结构为左、右旋向组合使用的可调整长度形式。
螺母4-1-5、球面垫圈4-1-6和锥面垫圈4-1-7位于第一方向连接板4-1-3两侧，为对称分布。
双节点支座4-2-3位于天线面板重心，通过紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接；单节点支座4-2-4位于天线面板下方，通过紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接。
组成副反射面2的N边形面板2-1和N个扇形面板2-2之间的缝隙为0.2～5mm。
本例中的五边形面板2-1和五个扇形面板2-2之间的缝隙为2mm。
本发明副反射面装置的调整原理如下：
(1)初级调整。首先，对主反射面进行测量，确定副反射面调整信息，主要包括位移调整量和转动调整量；将副反射面调整信息进行分级处理，分离出位移调整量和转动调整量的初级调整数值；通过转动本发明中调整装置的主调整杆和辅助调整杆，对副反射面进行位移和转动量的调整，直至达到初级调整数值。
(2)次级调整。根据初级调整后的残差，确定次级调整信息；调整中心N边形面板的定位机构和调整机构，使其达到次级调整量要求；分别调整外围N个扇形面板的定位机构和调整机构，使整个副反射面满足表面精度指标要求。
本发明中所采用的面板精调装置的优点，可以通过以下仿真分析进一步说明。
(1)模型说明。为了说明本发明的有益效果，建立了两种力学仿真模型，一种是背景技术，另一种是本发明方法。两种仿真模型中的面板几何尺寸、所用材料、边界条件均相同。天线在运行过程中，所受外界载荷中，有70％均来自于重力，所以，针对两种模型，选择了有代表性的两种工况：x方向重力分析和y方向重力分析。
(2)计算结果。如图12～15所示，图12和图13分别是背景技术中的天线面板在x、y方向的重力变形图；图14和图15分别是背景技术中的天线面板在x、y方向的重力变形图。
(3)实施效果。如表1所示，由计算结果可以看出：背景技术中面板在x方向的最大重力变形为61.5μm，在y方向的最大重力变形为49.9μm；本发明 中面板在x方向的最大重力变形为27.1μm，在y方向的最大重力变形为24.5μm；由于本发明中的调整机构增加了对面板的侧向支撑，使得面板变形得到了大幅的提升，而且在x、y两个方向的变形相当，变化率仅为9.6％，而背景技术中的变化率为18.9％；本发明与背景技术相比，面板最大变形在x、y方向的提高率分别为55.9％和50.9％。
表1本发明与背景技术的面板重力变形结果比较
Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-000006
本发明的最终实施效果，也通过力学仿真分析进一步说明：
(1)计算内容。计算内容为双偏置天线在0°～90°俯仰范围内，副反射面的重力变形，所计算的俯仰角度包括：0°、15°、30°、45°、50°、60°、75°和90°。
(2)计算结果。根据所计算的副反射面变形数据，进行精度分析，得到了副反射面在不同仰角下的表面精度。图16、17是副反射面在不同仰角下的重力变形图；图18是副反射面在不同仰角下的表面精度结果。从计算结果可以看出：副反射面在0°～90°俯仰范围内，表面精度优于52μm，非常适用于高频段工作的双偏置天线。
总之，本发明副反射面装置包括调整装置、副反射面、单层空间背架和面板精调装置。调整装置采用动定平台为平面桁架的多杆六自由度副面调整机构，实现对副反射面的初级位姿调整；副反射面由一个多边形面板和若干个扇形面板组成，每块扇形面板的面积与多边形面板的面积相当；单层空间背架的内外边数为1比2形式，为副反射面提供支撑刚度；面板精调装置包括定位机构和调整机构，定位机构用于对面板实现法向调整，调整机构实现对副反射面移动调整。这种副反射面装置不仅能够实现副反射面的两级位姿调整，而且能够提高副面系统的整 体刚度，减小整体重量，同时能够提升安装调整效率和降低制造成本。
以上所述，仅是本发明的最佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构改变，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：包括调整装置(1)、副反射面(2)、单层空间背架(3)和面板精调装置(4)；
    所述的调整装置(1)位于副反射面(2)口径方向，包括动平台(1-1)、定平台(1-2)、主调整杆(1-3)、辅助调整杆(1-4)、动平台球节点(1-5)和定平台球节点(1-6)，所述的动平台(1-1)与单层空间背架(3)相连接，定平台(1-2)位于副反射面(2)口径外部，所述的定平台(1-2)为平面桁架结构，外形呈N边形，其中，N为自然数，且N≥4，所述定平台(1-2)由N个定平台杆(1-2-1～1-2-N)组成，且定平台杆两两之间通过定平台球节点(1-6)相连接，所述的动平台(1-1)为平面桁架结构，外形呈2N边形，所述动平台由2N个动平台杆(1-1-1～1-1-2N)组成，且动平台杆两两之间通过动平台球节点(1-5)相连接，所述的动平台杆(1-1-1～1-1-2N)定平台杆(1-2-1～1-2-N)主调整杆(1-3)和辅助调整杆(1-4)组成多个三角形空区的网面结构；
    所述的副反射面(2)由一个N边形面板(2-1)和N个扇形面板(2-2)组成，所述的N个扇形面板(2-2)呈辐射状分布于N边形面板(2-1)的外围，且每块扇形面板(2-2)的面积与N边形面板(2-1)的面积相当，副反射面(2)通过面板精调装置(4)与单层空间背架(3)相连接；
    所述的单层空间背架(3)由内环支撑(3-1)、主杆(3-2)、斜杆(3-3)和内环球节点(3-4)组成，所述的内环支撑(3-1)外形为N边形，内环支撑(3-1)由N个内环杆(3-1-1～3-1-N)组成，内环杆(3-1-1～3-1-N)两两之间通过内环球节点(3-4)相连接，所述的内环杆(3-1-1)、动平台杆(1-1-1～1-1-2N)、主杆(3-2)和斜杆(3-3)组成多个三角形空区的网面结构；
    所述的面板精调装置(4)包括定位机构(4-1)和调整机构(4-2)，定位机构(4-1)位于N边形面板(2-1)和N个扇形面板(2-2)与单层空间背架(3)的内环球节点(3-4)连接点位置，调整机构(4-2)位于天线面板非工作面一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的动平台(1-1)所在平面与定平台(1-2)所在平面之间的夹角为0°～30°。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的N个定平台球节点(1-6)中至少有一个节点与动 平台球节点(1-5)相对应。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的主调整杆(1-3)由N个杆件组成，两端分别与动平台球节点(1-5)和定平台球节点(1-6)相连接，数量为N个。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的辅助调整杆(1-4)两端分别与动平台球节点(1-5)和定平台球节点(1-6)相连接，数量为2N个。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的主调整杆(1-3)和辅助调整杆(1-4)两端均包含球铰链，中间为可调整长度的螺纹结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的内环支撑(3-1)和动平台(1-1)分别位于两个平面内，两个平面之间的距离为500～3000mm。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的N个内环球节点(3-4)中至少有一个节点与动平台球节点(1-5)相对应。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的主杆(3-2)两端分别与内环球节点(3-4)和动平台球节点(1-5)相连接，数量为N个。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的斜杆(3-3)两端分别与内环球节点(3-4)和动平台球节点(1-5)相连接，数量为2N个。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述定位机构(4-1)由主支撑杆(4-1-1)独立支撑杆(4-1-2)第一方向连接板(4-1-3)第二方向连接板(4-1-4)螺母(4-1-5)球面垫圈(4-1-6)和锥面垫圈(4-1-7)组成，主支撑杆(4-1-1)轴向方向与该处面板的法向方向相同，第一方向连接板(4-1-3)通过主支撑杆(4-1-1)与单层空间背架(3)相连接，第二方向连接板(4-1-4)通过紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接，独立支撑杆(4-1-2)位于第一方向连接板(4-1-3)和第二方向连接板(4-1-4) 之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述第一方向连接板(4-1-3)和第二方向连接板(4-1-4)上均设有长圆孔，且两处长圆孔方向相互正交。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述独立支撑杆(4-1-2)上端位于第二方向连接板(4-1-4)长圆孔内，通过螺母固定位置，独立支撑杆(4-1-2)下端位于第一方向连接板(4-1-3)长圆孔内，通过螺母(4-1-5)球面垫圈(4-1-6)和锥面垫圈(4-1-7)固定位置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述调整机构(4-2)由V型杆(4-2-1)单向杆(4-2-2)双节点支座(4-2-3)和单节点支座(4-2-4)组成，V型杆(4-2-1)包括两根可调整长度且两端是球铰链的A连杆(4-2-1-1)和B连杆(4-2-1-2)，A连杆(4-2-1-1)和B连杆(4-2-1-2)一端与单层空间背架(3)相连接，另一端与双节点支座(4-2-3)相连接，单向杆(4-2-2)的两端是球铰链且可调整长度，单向杆(4-2-2)一端与单层空间背架(3)相连接，另一端与单节点支座(4-2-4)相连接。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的调整机构(4-2)对面板的调整量满足下式：
    Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-100002
    其中，ΔL Ax为A连杆x方向调整量；ΔL Bx为B连杆x方向调整量；L为A连杆和B连杆初始长度；α为A连杆和B连杆半夹角；Δx为给定面板的x方向调整量。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述A连杆和B连杆的y方向调整量满足下式：
    Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-100003
    式中，ΔL y为A连杆和B连杆y方向调整量；Δy为给定面板的y方向调整量。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述单向杆的x方向调整量和单向杆的y方向调整量满足下式：
    Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2019125478-appb-100005
    其中，ΔR x为单向杆x方向调整量；ΔR y为单向杆y方向调整量；R为单向杆初始长度；β为单向杆与水平轴夹角；Δx为给定面板的x方向调整量；Δy为给定面板的y方向调整量。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的N边形面板(2-1)和N个扇形面板(2-2)中最大曲面面积与最小曲面面积之比为1～1.3。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的主调整杆(1-3)和辅助调整杆(1-4)的中间螺纹结构为左、右旋向组合使用的可调整长度形式。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的主调整杆(1-3)和辅助调整杆(1-4)的两端球铰链为球轴承。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的内环杆(3-1-1～3-1-N)、动平台杆(1-1-1～1-1-2N)、主杆(3-2)和斜杆(3-3)均包括圆管、锥头、高强度螺栓和螺母。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的A连杆(4-2-1-1)、B连杆(4-2-1-2)和单向杆(4-2-2)的中间螺纹结构为左、右旋向组合使用的可调整长度形式。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的螺母(4-1-5)、球面垫圈(4-1-6)和锥面垫圈(4-1-7)位于第一方向连接板(4-1-3)两侧，为对称分布。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：所述的双节点支座(4-2-3)位于天线面板重心，通过 紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接，所述的单节点支座(4-2-4)位于天线面板下方，通过紧固件或胶粘方式与面板相连接。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的具有两级位姿调整功能的均匀分块高精度副反射面装置，其特征在于：组成副反射面(2)的N边形面板(2-1)和N个扇形面板(2-2)之间的缝隙为0.2～5mm。
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