WO2021014449A1 - Systèmes photovoltaïques haute tension comprenant des mini/micro-cellules solaires - Google Patents

Systèmes photovoltaïques haute tension comprenant des mini/micro-cellules solaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021014449A1
WO2021014449A1 PCT/IL2020/050820 IL2020050820W WO2021014449A1 WO 2021014449 A1 WO2021014449 A1 WO 2021014449A1 IL 2020050820 W IL2020050820 W IL 2020050820W WO 2021014449 A1 WO2021014449 A1 WO 2021014449A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cells
micro
mini
solar
power generation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2020/050820
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English (en)
Inventor
Boris Vatelmacher
Original Assignee
Solarwat Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solarwat Ltd. filed Critical Solarwat Ltd.
Publication of WO2021014449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021014449A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar array panel system for generating electric- power and more particularly, to groups of PV (solar) cells, including a panel device having an array of multiple mini/micro PV cells, wherein at least some of the mini/micro PV cells are interconnected in a crisscross configuration.
  • the mini PV cells are cut from regular PV cells and the micro PV cells are fabricated in a predetermined size.
  • Non-monolithic photovoltaic (PV) cells that are subdivided into smaller sub cells that are interconnected in series, are known in the art.
  • Solar array modules having solar cells that are interconnected in a crisscross electrical matrix are also known in the art. See, for example, PCT Published Application No. WO/2011/089607 (‘607) filed on January 23 rd , 2011, and PCT Published Application No. WO/2013/144963 (‘963) filed on March 30 th , 2013, by the same inventor as the instant application and which is owned in common, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • a typical PV panel consists of dozens of regular quadratic PV cells.
  • a typical quadratic cell size is approximately ⁇ 15cm X ⁇ 15cm and provides electrical power of around (all numbers are given by way of example only, with no limitations):
  • the output voltage of a solar cell remains almost unchanged while the electric current generated by a solar cell will change proportionally to cell size.
  • mini cells whose total combined is of 15X15cm 2 , the power of the regular 15cm X 15cm quadratic cell and the sum of the combined power yield from the mini cells are equivalent.
  • micro PV cell refers to solar cells that are fabricated in small sizes, as the fabrication method allows. It should be appreciated that the minimal size of a micro PV cell is only limited by the ability of the fabrication method and substrate used.
  • PV (solar)“module” refers to an array of solar cells.
  • PV (solar)“panel” refers to a PV (solar) module that is ready for use with an external electric entity.
  • Such an such solar array modules system needs to yield high voltage, typically, with no limitations, the yield voltage, DC Vout, that may reach hundreds of volts.
  • Such a solar array system having a solar array module aimed to provide power that can feed the input of a DC/ AC inverter, or an array of such solar array modules typically requires additional electron devices that can boost the output voltage to the required voltage level.
  • Such devices are for example, DC/DC Converters, MPPT electronic devices, DC/DC Converters that are coupled with an MPPT device, and electronic devices the like.
  • a number of mini converters may be used, which introduces economic burdens, since such usage of mini converters is expensive.
  • solar array modules for producing electric-power having solar cells that are interconnected in a crisscross electrical matrix, wherein the size of the PV cells is substantially reduced with respect to currently known“regular” PV cell or sub cells, to thereby yield high voltage and directly connect to a high voltage DC/AC inverter/s or interchangeably directly connect to one or more lower voltage of battery chargers.
  • a reduction of the light illuminating the receiving area of a mini or micro PV cell brings about a reduction in the electrical current produced by that mini or micro PV cell, can be done at the solar cell level and/or the solar panel level.
  • a regular solar cell can be replaced by a set of mini cells or micro cells, wherein the total light receiving area of the set of smaller cells (mini or micro cells) is equivalent to the light receiving area of a regular PV cell.
  • the whole array of regular solar cell level is replaced by a set of sub cells (mini or micro cells), wherein the total light receiving area of the set of mini PV cells or micro PV cells, is equivalent to the light receiving area of the replaced array of regular solar cells.
  • orientation related descriptions such as“top”,“bottom”, “horizontal”,“vertical”“up”,“upper”,“down”,“low”,“lower” and the like, assumes that the mini PV cells module or micro PV cells module is situated, with no limitations, such that the positive (“+”) side of the array is considered, artificially, with no limitations, as the top side of the array, and the negative (“-”) side of the array is considered, artificially, with no limitations, as the bottom side of the array.
  • the negative (“-”) side of the array is considered, artificially, with no limitations, as the top side of the array
  • the positive (“+”) side of the array is considered, artificially, with no limitations, as the bottom side of the array.
  • the terms“electrical” or“electrically wired”, as used herein refer to the electrical configuration of the matrix, regardless of the physical connection of the mini PV cells or micro PV cells by wires, or cells overlapping, or by additional, or other type in the solar panel, including within each monolithic group micro PV cells.
  • the term“physical” as used herein refers to the physical placement of mini PV cells or micro PV cells in the module/panel, regardless of the electrical inter-connection of the mini PV cells or the micro PV cells.
  • a high solar power generation system configured to provide a predesigned high DC voltage or low DC voltage.
  • the system includes at least one solar panel that includes a solar array module.
  • the solar array module includes a matrix of mini or micro PV cells arranged in a crisscross matrix, wherein the matrix of mini or micro PV cells includes at least one string of a plurality of the mini or micro PV cells, electrically connected in series, and wherein the string of the mini or micro PV cells defines the output voltage of the solar array module.
  • the output of the at least one solar panel that is configured to provide a predesigned voltage level, is connected to a receiving electric device.
  • the number of strings of mini or micro PV cells, in each of the solar array modules, may be electrically connected in parallel in order to provide a predesigned the output power of each respective panel.
  • the solar power generation system may further include a plurality of parallelly connected solar panels. The number of the panels sets the output power of the solar power generation system.
  • the receiving electric device can be a DC/AC inverter that feeds an electrical grid or a smaller electrical system.
  • the receiving electric device can also be one or more DC/ AC mini inverters or one or more DC/ AC micro inverters that feed an electrical grid or a smaller electrical system.
  • DC/ AC inverter when referring hereon to a DC/ AC inverter, it may also refer to a mini DC/ AC inverter or to a micro DC/AC inverter.
  • the receiving electric device can also be a charger that feeds a battery.
  • mini PV are cut from regular PV cells, while the micro PV cells are fabricated in a predetermined size, and wherein the crisscross matrix of the micro PV cells is manufactured as a monolithic matrix of micro PV cells.
  • Fig. 1 (prior art) is a schematic illustration of the example solar cell module, having regular PV cells interconnected in a crisscross matrix configuration.
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic block diagram showing a solar-array system including a multiplicity of solar-array modules, such as shown in Fig. 1, wherein each array of regular solar cells is connected to an electronic device that converts the output voltage of the module to a desirable voltage level or provide MPPT regulation of the solar module.
  • Fig. 2b (prior art) is a schematic block diagram showing a solar-array system including a multiplicity of solar-array modules, as shown in Fig. 2a, but for configurations in which no electronic devices are used. However, the modules are connected in series to strings of modules in aim to reach the desirable voltage output of system of solar-array modules and the strings connected in parallel to boost the output power of the overall system.
  • Fig. 3a is a schematic illustration of an exemplary micro PV cell matrix module having micro PV cells interconnected in a crisscross configuration, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3b 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary regular PV cell matrix module having four mini PV cells marked on each respective regular PV cell, indicating that the total light receiving area of these four mini PV cells is equivalent to the light receiving area of the respective regular 15cm X 15cm quadratic cell, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3b2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplar )'’ mini PV cells matrix module composed of the mini PV cells shown in Fig. 3b 1, wherein each string of regular PV cells is replaced by a respective string of the equivalent mini cells that were cut from the respective regular PV cells. Therefore, the total light receiving area of each string of PV cells, remains substantially the same.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example micro PV array system having one or more micro PV cell matrix modules electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules is providing the required high voltage level to feed the input of a DC/ AC inverter or mini- inverter or micro inverter, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example micro PV array system having one or more mini PV cell matrix modules electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules is adapted to provide the required high voltage level to feed the input of a DC/ AC inverter or mini-inverter or micro inverter, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • Fig. 6 shows another example micro PV array system having one or more micro PV cell matrix modules electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules is adapted to providing the required low voltage level to feed the input of a charger that charges an accumulating battery, wherein no electronic devices are not needed.
  • Fig. 7 shows another example micro PV array system having one or more mini PV cell matrix modules electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules is adapted to provide the required low voltage level to feed the input of a charger that charges an accumulating battery, wherein no electronic devices are not needed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example regular solar cell matrix 20, wherein the regular PV cells 22 are interconnected in a crisscross configuration. Such embodiments are described, for example, in‘607.
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic block diagram showing a solar-array system 60 including a multiplicity of solar-array modules 20, such as shown in Fig. 1, wherein each module 20 of regular solar cells (22) is connected to an electronic device 50 that boosts the output voltage of the module 20.
  • Electronic device 50 is selected from the group of devices including a DC/DC converter, an MPPT device or a combination thereof, or any other electronic device used in the art.
  • the solar-array modules 20 are electrically connected in series to form a string of solar-array modules 62 in order to reach the desirable high voltage input of DC/ AC inverter.
  • Solar-array system 60 may further include a plurality of similar strings of solar- array modules 62, which strings of solar-array modules 62 are electrically connected in parallel (63), to provide the total power desired via a single voltage output (DC Vout) of solar-array system 60.
  • DC Vout single voltage output
  • the output voltage, DC Vout, of system 60 is provided to a DC to AC inverter 65 that is configured to convert the DC output of system 60 to an AC output, which is preferably electrically connected to the public electric grid or to a smaller electric system.
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic block diagram showing a solar-array system 61 including a multiplicity of solar-array modules 62, as shown in Fig. 2a, but for configurations in which no electronic devices 50 are used. However, the modules 62 are connected in series in order to reach the desirable high voltage input of DC/ AC inverter and parallel to boost the output power of the overall system 61, similar to system 60.
  • a single string of PV panels consists of plurality of solar panels connected in series and may have a number of malfunctioning panel due to variety of causes, such as manufacturing process, cell micro-cracking, low-soldering quality, soiling, partial shading, individual PV panel location and more causes a phenomenon called“the mismatch effect”.
  • causes such as manufacturing process, cell micro-cracking, low-soldering quality, soiling, partial shading, individual PV panel location and more causes a phenomenon called“the mismatch effect”.
  • all of the connected panels are forced to lower their output power and match to the output power of the weakest panel. This decreases the output power of the string of PV panels and therefore, the entire system of PV strings will lower the energy yield to match the level of the shaded or malfunctioned panel.
  • the remaining panes will continue to “push” their electrical current through the malfunctioning panel causing it to heat up and accelerate its aging process. In severe cases, this phenomenon will create a hot spot, causing the panel to burn and cease operation.
  • mini PV cells small PV cells
  • mini PV cells mini/micro PV cells
  • mini/micro PV cells 210
  • mini/micro PV cells 110
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic illustration of an exemplary micro PV cell matrix module 180 having micro PV cells 110 interconnected in a crisscross configuration, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be appreciated that the length of the strings 112 of micro PV cells 110 that are electrically connected in series, sets the output voltage level of micro PV cell matrix module 180.
  • Micro PV cell matrix module 180 may be fabricated as a single monolithic array of micro PV cells that can provides high desirable voltage, high desirable electric power, or both.
  • Fig. 3b 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary regular PV cell matrix module
  • Fig. 3b2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary mini PV cells matrix module composed of the mini PV cells 210 shown in Fig. 3b 1, wherein each string 21 of regular PV cells 22 is replaced by a respective string 212 of the equivalent mini cells 210 that were cut from the respective regular PV cells 22. Therefore, the total light receiving area of each string of PV cells, remains substantially the same.
  • each regular PV cell 22 is subdivided into 4 (four) mini PV cells 210, however, each regular PV cell 22 can be subdivided into the number of mini PV cells 210 that is physically possible. It should be appreciated that the length of each string 212 of mini PV cells 210 is, in this example, 4 (four) times longer than the respective string 21 of regular PV cells 22, each regular PV cell 22 is replaced by 4 (four) mini PV cells 210. It should be further appreciated that the length of the strings 212 of mini PV cells 210 that are electrically connected in series, sets the output voltage level of mini PV cell matrix module 280.
  • the size of a regular PV cell 22 is approximately 150mm XI 50mm (22500 mm 2 ).
  • 3600 (60*60) mini/micro PV cells (110,210) with a size of 2.5mm X 2.5mm each (having an area of 6.25 mm 2 ).
  • Each of these smaller mini/micro PV cells (110,210) provides the same voltage of approximately 0.55 V approximately, as does a regular size cell 22.
  • the area of the original regular solar cell is reduced down to an area of a mini/micro PV cell, (i.e.
  • the electrical current generated by such mini/micro PV cells (110,210) is just 2.2 mA compared to 8 A of a regular size cell 22.
  • the size of a regular size cell 22 allows replace it with a string (112,212) of 60 mini/micro PV cells (110,210), connected in series.
  • a commonly used rectangular panel that yields 250W watt allows to place along the long side a string (112,212) of 10 regular size cells 22 and 6 regular size cells 22 along the short side of the panel.
  • connecting series 10 * 60 mini/micro PV cells (110,210) provides a voltage of 300V panel that suitable for most commonly used DC/AC inverters (150,250). It should be appreciated that by using smaller mini/micro PV cells (110,210) the panel provides even higher voltage and a bigger size consequently will provide lower pre-confirmed desirable voltage. It should be further appreciated that when referring hereon to a DC/ AC inverter (150,250), it also refers to a mini DC/ AC inverter or to a micro DC/ AC inverter.
  • a panel having micro PV cells (110) may be fabricated as a monolithic panel, where in general, the panels that consists of mini/micro cells can substantially reduce cupper consumption and reduce power losses inflicted by multiple solder points and other losses compared to commonly used panels with regular solar cells size.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example usage of a micro PV array system 100 having one or more micro PV cell matrix modules 180 electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules 180 is configured to provide a desired high voltage level suitable to a DC/AC inverter 150, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • the length of strings 112 of micro PV cells 110 that are electrically connected in series, sets the output voltage level of micro PV cell matrix module 180.
  • the number of parallelly connected strings 112 of micro PV cells 110 sets the output power of micro PV array system 100.
  • DC/ AC inverter 150 may then feed the electric grid 90 a smaller electric system.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example mini PV array system 200 having one or more mini PV cell matrix modules 280 electrically interconnected in parallel, wherein the output of the array of modules 280 is configured to provide a desired high voltage level suitable to feed a DC/ AC inverter 250, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • the length of strings 212 of mini PV cells 210 that are electrically connected in series sets the output voltage level of mini PV cell matrix module 280.
  • the number of parallelly connected strings 212 of mini PV cells 210 sets the output power of micro PV array system 200.
  • DC/ AC inverter 250 may then feed the electric grid 90 or a smaller electric system.
  • FIG. 6 shows another usage example of a micro PV array system 300 is configured to upload a charger 350 that charges an accumulating battery 320, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • the length of strings 112 of micro PV cells 110 that are electrically connected in series sets the desirable low output voltage level of micro PV cell matrix module 180.
  • the number of parallelly connected panels 180 of micro PV cells 110 sets the output power of micro PV array system 300.
  • the Charger 350 may then feed the battery 320.
  • Fig. 7 shows a similar usage example, but where a mini PV array system 400 is configured to upload a charger 450 that charges an accumulating battery 420, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein no additional electronic devices are not needed.
  • the length of strings 212 of mini PV cells 210 that are electrically connected in series sets the output low voltage level of mini PV cell matrix module 280.
  • the number of parallelly connected panels 212 of mini PV cells 210 sets the output power of micro PV array system 400.
  • the charger 450 may then feed the battery 420.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de production haute puissance solaire configuré pour fournir une tension continue prédéfinie. Le système comprend au moins un panneau solaire pourvu d'un module de réseau solaire. Le module de réseau solaire comprend une matrice de mini ou micro-cellules solaires agencées en une matrice entrecroisée. La matrice de mini ou micro-cellules solaires comporte une ou plusieurs chaînes comprenant une pluralité de mini ou micro-cellules solaires, connectées électriquement en série. Une chaîne de mini ou micro-cellules solaires définit la tension de sortie du module de réseau solaire. La sortie dudit panneau solaire, qui est configuré pour fournir un niveau de tension prédéfini, est connectée à un dispositif électrique de réception. Lesdites chaînes de mini ou micro-cellules solaires, dans chacun des modules de réseau solaire, peuvent être électriquement connectées en parallèle de manière à fournir une puissance de sortie prédéfinie de chaque panneau respectif.
PCT/IL2020/050820 2019-07-24 2020-07-23 Systèmes photovoltaïques haute tension comprenant des mini/micro-cellules solaires WO2021014449A1 (fr)

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US62/877,840 2019-07-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220263427A1 (en) * 2021-02-12 2022-08-18 NeoVolta, Inc. Dc photovoltaic input emulation using an ac generator source

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014008313A2 (fr) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Sandia Corporation Système de production d'énergie photovoltaïque sans diodes de dérivation
WO2018142398A1 (fr) * 2017-01-31 2018-08-09 Solarwat Ltd. Modules solaires comportant des sous-cellules solaires avec connexions matricielles entre les sous-cellules solaires

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014008313A2 (fr) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Sandia Corporation Système de production d'énergie photovoltaïque sans diodes de dérivation
WO2018142398A1 (fr) * 2017-01-31 2018-08-09 Solarwat Ltd. Modules solaires comportant des sous-cellules solaires avec connexions matricielles entre les sous-cellules solaires

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220263427A1 (en) * 2021-02-12 2022-08-18 NeoVolta, Inc. Dc photovoltaic input emulation using an ac generator source
US11502618B2 (en) * 2021-02-12 2022-11-15 NeoVolta, Inc. DC photovoltaic input emulation using an AC generator source

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