WO2021014143A1

WO2021014143A1 - Apparatus for flexing animal limbs

Info

Publication number: WO2021014143A1
Application number: PCT/GB2020/051740
Authority: WO
Inventors: Laura Elizabeth WILSON
Original assignee: Wilson Laura Elizabeth
Priority date: 2019-07-22
Filing date: 2020-07-22
Publication date: 2021-01-28
Also published as: GB2586009A; GB2586009B; GB201910463D0

Abstract

The apparatus (1) for flexing a limb L of an animal A, for example for equine flexion testing, is described. The apparatus (1) comprises a body (10); a set of releasable coupling members (20) including a first releasable coupling member (20A); a set of straps (30) including a first strap (30A) having a first end (31A), a second end (32A) and a set of portions (33A) therebetween including a first portion (33A1) and a second portion (33A2), wherein the first portion (33A1) is releasably coupleable to the body (10) using the first releasable coupling member (20A) and wherein the second portion (33A2) is coupled to the body (10); and a set of actuators (40) including a first actuator (40A) arranged to release the first releasable coupling member (20A). The apparatus (1) is arrangeable in: a first configuration, wherein the first portion (33A1) and the second portion (33A2) of the first strap (30A) are coupled to the body (10), providing a first loop (50A) of a set of loops (50) for suspending the limb L, or part thereof, from the apparatus (1); and a second configuration, wherein the first portion (33A1) of the first strap (30A) is released from the body (10) and wherein the second portion (33A2) of the first strap (30A) is coupled to the body (10). The apparatus (1) is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator (40A). A method of flexing a limb L of an animal A is also described.

Description

APPARATUS FOR FLEXING ANIMAL LIMBS

Field The present invention relates to apparatuses for, and methods of, flexing animal limbs, for example equine flexion testing.

Background to the invention Generally, an equine flexion test is a preliminary veterinary procedure, performed on a horse by a practitioner such as a veterinary practitioner, typically during a prepurchase or a lameness exam. The purpose of the equine flexion test is to accentuate any pain that may be associated with a joint or soft-tissue structure of the horse, allowing the practitioner to localize a lameness to a specific area, or to alert the practitioner to the presence of sub-clinical disease that may be present.

To perform the equine flexion test, the horse’s leg (i.e. a forelimb or a hindlimb) is held manually (i.e. using one or two hands), by the practitioner, in a flexed position for 30 seconds to up to 3 minutes. The horse is immediately trotted off and its gait analyzed for abnormalities and unevenness. Flexion during the test may stretch the joint capsule, increase intra-articular and subchondral bone pressure, and/or compress surrounding soft tissue structures, which accentuates any pain associated therewith. An increase in lameness following the test may suggest that the tested joints or surrounding soft tissue structures may be a source of pain for the horse. The horse may take a few uneven steps, or may be lame for several minutes following the test. The test is considered positive if lameness is increased, although usually lameness is forgiven for the first few steps following flexion. The horse's response should be graded with each flexion and recorded. This allows comparison in lameness when rechecking after treatment has been implemented. However, the equine flexion test is nonspecific, since the test flexes multiple joints. Hence, while a lameness issue may be identified with respect to one particular leg, or even to a few joints in the particular leg, the origin of the lameness issue may not be determined. Additionally, the test affects not only the flexed joints, but also the surrounding soft tissue structures around the joint. Further, the flexion test may produce false positives and/or false negatives. Particularly, a force and/or direction thereof applied during the test and/or a duration during which the force is applied (i.e. test variability) may affect outcome. Hence, conventionally, the same practitioner should perform flexion tests of joints of two or more legs of the same horse, for the same duration, to help standardize the test (i.e. to improve test repeatability). Generally, repeatability of testing is key to correct interpretation of test results. Given the test variability, including between practitioners, such tests may have poor predictive value for future soundness or unsoundness of a horse. Additionally, a degree of lameness can increase significantly with repeated flexions. Further, certain areas, such as tissues of the fetlock joint, are more sensitive to flexion tests over other tissues, such as those in the pastern and hoof. In addition, injury to the horse and/or the practitioner may occur during the test, particularly for young or infrequently-handled horses and/or inexperienced practitioners. Such injury may also occur when performing other procedures in which a horse’s limb is flexed, such as veterinary procedures including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof and farriering procedures including shoeing. More generally, the problems described herein with respect to horses may be presented for other animals, including other odd-toed ungulates including mammals of the genus equus such as donkeys and zebra, even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, deer and camels including dromedaries, Bactrians, wild Bactrians, llamas, alpacas, guanacos and vicunas and mammals of the genus ovis such as sheep. Hence, there is a need to improve procedures involving flexing of animal limbs, for example equine flexion testing.

Summary of the Invention It is one aim of the present invention, amongst others, to provide an apparatus for, and a method of, flexing a limb of an animal which at least partially obviates or mitigates at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art, whether identified herein or elsewhere. For instance, it is an aim of embodiments of the invention to provide an apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal that improves a safety for the animal and/or a practitioner using the apparatus. For instance, it is an aim of embodiments of the invention to provide an apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal that improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing. For instance, it is an aim of embodiments of the invention to provide a method of flexing a limb of an animal that improves a safety for the animal and/or a practitioner. For instance, it is an aim of embodiments of the invention to provide a method of flexing a limb of an animal that improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing.

A first aspect provides an apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal, for example for equine flexion testing, the apparatus comprising:

a body;

a set of releasable coupling members including a first releasable coupling member;

a set of straps including a first strap having a first end, a second end and a set of portions therebetween including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member and wherein the second portion is coupled to the body; and a set of actuators including a first actuator arranged to release the first releasable coupling member;

wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in:

a first configuration, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the first strap are coupled to the body, providing a first loop of a set of loops for suspending the limb, or part thereof, from the apparatus; and

a second configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is coupled to the body;

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator.

A second aspect provides a method of flexing a limb of an animal using an apparatus according the first aspect, the method comprising:

suspending the limb, or part thereof, in the first loop of the set of loops provided by arranging the apparatus in the first configuration, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the first strap are coupled to the body, thereby flexing the limb; and

moving the apparatus from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is coupled to the body, thereby releasing the limb.

Detailed Description of the Invention

According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal, as set forth in the appended claims. Also provided is a method of flexing a limb of an animal. Other features of the invention will be apparent from the dependent claims, and the description that follows.

Apparatus The first aspect provides an apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal, for example for equine flexion testing, the apparatus comprising:

a body;

a set of straps including a first strap having a first end, a second end and a set of portions therebetween including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member and wherein the second portion is coupled to the body; and

a set of actuators including a first actuator arranged to release the first releasable coupling member; wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in:

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator. In this way, the apparatus improves a safety for the animal and/or the practitioner using the apparatus since the first strap is released from the body, by releasing the first portion of the first strap therefrom, upon actuation of the first actuator which releases the first releasable coupling member. That is, the first portion of the first strap falls away from the body upon release therefrom, such that the limb of the animal is free of the first strap and may stand using all limbs, while the apparatus remains held by the practitioner, for example. This is particularly beneficial for young or infrequently-handled animals, such as horses, and/or inexperienced practitioners. This is additionally and/or alternatively beneficial when performing other procedures in which the animal’s limb is flexed, such as veterinary procedures, for example including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof, and farriering procedures including shoeing. In contrast, conventional means for flexing animal limbs may result in injury to the animal and/or the practitioner, as described above.

Flexing a limb of an animal The apparatus is for flexing the limb of the animal, for example for equine flexion testing. It should be understood that while the apparatus is suitable for flexing the limb of the animal, for example for equine flexion testing, the apparatus may be suitable for flexing the limb of the animal for other procedures, such as veterinary procedures, for example including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof, and farriering procedures including shoeing.

In one example, the animal is an odd-toed ungulate for example a mammal of the genus equus such as a horse, a donkey or a zebra or an even-toed ungulate such as cattle, a pig, a giraffe, a dee, a camel such as a dromedary, a Bactrian, a wild Bactrian, a llama, an alpaca, a guanaco or a vicuna or a mammal of the genus ovis such as a sheep. In one example, the apparatus is for flexing the limb of more than one of such animals. In one preferred example, the animal is a horse.

In one example, the limb is a forelimb or a hindlimb, for example of one of such animals. In one example, the animal is a horse, the limb is a forelimb and a flexed joint is one or more selected from a group comprising an elbow joint, a fetlock joint, a pastern joint and a coffin joint. In one example, the animal is a horse, the limb is a hindlimb and a flexed joint is one or more selected from a group comprising a stifle joint, a fetlock joint, a pastern joint and a coffin joint. Limbs and joints for other such animals may be described similarly. In one example, the apparatus is arranged to flex only one joint, for example wherein a width of the first strap is relatively narrower and selected so that when the first strap is positioned on the animal in a particular location, only the one joint is flexed. In one example, the apparatus is arranged to flex more than one joint, for example wherein a width of the first strap is relatively wider and selected so that when the first strap is positioned on the animal in a particular location, more than one joint is flexed.

Equine flexion test

An equine flexion test may include forelimb and/or hindlimb flexion comprising one or more of distal limb flexion, carpal flexion, elbow flexion, upper forelimb flexion and/or hock flexion.

The distal (lower) limb flexion applies the most pressure to the fetlock, pastern, and coffin joints. This flexion is usually performed by pulling the toe of the hoof backward towards the cannon bone, and holding sustained pressure on the joints. The fetlock and phalanges may be somewhat isolated by changing technique, but these joints are never completely isolated from the others, especially in the hind limbs. False positive results from this flexion are especially common in the front fetlock joints.

The carpal (knee) flexion test is performed by pulling the cannon bone up towards the radius. In a normal horse, the heels of the foot should contact the animal’s elbow. Positive results are usually strongly supportive of carpal disease, but negative results do not rule it out.

Elbow flexion is usually only performed when joint abnormality is found during physical examination. Flexion may be performed by lifting the forelimb (antebrachium) so that it is parallel to the ground, while allowing the knee and distal limb to hang free to help prevent pressure on these joints. Unfortunately, elbow flexion often produces some flexion in the shoulder, and these joints are difficult to localize.

There are two main methods of upper forelimb flexion. The first method involves pulling the limb forward, so that the elbow flexes and the shoulder extends. This method tends to place more strain on the structures of the caudal elbow and cranial shoulder, and is best at localizing lameness to the bicipital bursa or the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, but also places strain on the biceps and triceps muscles and tendons, and the olecranon. The alternative method involves pulling the limb caudally, which flexes the shoulder and extends the elbow. Hock flexion is almost always accompanied by flexion of the fetlock, stifle, and hip joints, so a positive flexion does not clearly indicate hock pain. A very marked response is actually more common with stifle pain, rather than hock pain. The flexion is performed by pulling the cannon bone upward so that the upper joints of the leg flex, while avoiding flexion of the fetlock joint or significant pressure on the flexor tendons.

A flexion test that produces lameness on the contralateral, standing limb usually occurs with sacroiliac disease.

Body

The apparatus comprises the body (also known as a frame, a harness or a housing), wherein the first portion of the first strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member and wherein the second portion is coupled to the body. It should be understood that in use, generally the practitioner holds the body, while the flexed limb is supported, at least in part, by the first strap.

In one example, the body comprises a set of triggers, including a first trigger, for example a button, for manual actuation of the first actuator. In this way, the apparatus is arranged to be moved from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator, by triggering of the first trigger, for example by pressing of the button, by the practitioner. That is, in the event of a safety-related issue, the practitioner may trigger the first trigger for example press the button (i.e. manually actuate the first actuator), thereby releasing the releasing the first portion of the first strap from the body and reducing and/or avoiding injury to the practitioner and/or to the animal. In one example, the set of triggers includes a second trigger, generally as described with respect to the first trigger. More generally, in one example, the set of triggers includes T triggers, wherein T is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 , for example 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more. In this way, manual triggering by the practitioner is facilitated since the practitioner may trigger one or more of the most accessible triggers. In one example, the set of triggers is positioned on a surface, for example an outer surface, of the body. In this way, manual triggering by the practitioner is facilitated since the set of triggers is more conveniently placed. In one example, the body comprises an attachment point for suspending the apparatus therefrom. In this way, the apparatus may be suspended from a harness or a belt worn by the practitioner or assistant thereof and/or from a structure such as a frame or a joist, such that the practitioner has both hands free to perform a procedure on the animal. Particularly, suspending the apparatus in this way and hence suspending the limb of the animal in turn therefrom from such a harness or belt or structure is only made safely possible since the first strap is released from the body, by releasing the first portion of the first strap therefrom, upon actuation of the first actuator which releases the first releasable coupling member, as described above. In contrast, conventional means for flexing animal limbs are not suitable for such suspension since injury to the animal and/or the practitioner may otherwise result. For example, fixedly suspending a horse’s hindlimb from a joist may result in injury to the horse, if the horse moves unexpectedly, since the horse’s hindlimb remains suspended from the joist (i.e. the horse is balanced on only three hooves with the fourth hoof constrained while suspended. Conversely, the apparatus according to the first aspect better avoids such injury upon unexpected movement since the first portion of the first strap may be released from the body, allowing the horse to put its previously suspended hoof on the ground. In one example, the attachment point comprises an eye, such as a lifting eye, or a shackle, such as a carabiner.

In one example, the body comprises a set of handles including a first handle. In this way, a practitioner may hold the apparatus using the first handle, benefits of which are as described above with respect to the attachment point, mutatis mutandis. In one example, the first trigger is provided, for example integrated or included, in the first handle or positioned proximally thereto, for example within a finger’s length therefrom. In this way, the first trigger may be triggered by the practitioner while holding the apparatus using the first handle. In one example, the set of handles includes a second handle, generally as described with respect to the first handle. In this way, the practitioner may hold the apparatus using one or both of the handles. In one example, the first handle and the second handle are positioned at opposed ends of the body. In this way, the practitioner may more securely hold the apparatus. More generally, in one example, the set of handles includes H handles, wherein H is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 , for example 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more. In this way, a plurality of handles may be provided, giving versatility as to how the practitioner holds the apparatus.

In one example, the body is formed, for example by moulding, from a polymeric composition comprising a thermoplastic, for example acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide, high impact polystyrene (PS) and/or polypropylene (PP).

Releasable coupling member

The apparatus comprises the set of releasable coupling members including the first releasable coupling member. The first portion of the first strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member. The first actuator is arranged to release the first releasable coupling member. In one example, the first releasable coupling member is arrangeable to releasably clamp the first portion of the first strap therebetween. For example, the first releasable coupling member may comprise a clamp such as provided by a pair of cams, rollers or knurled members arrangeable to clamp the first portion of the first strap therebetween. In this way, the first releasable coupling member secures, for example frictionally, the first portion of the first strap in the first configuration (i.e. clamp closed, such as the pair of cams, rollers or knurled rollers pressing against the first portion of the first strap) while actuation of the first actuator causes the clamp to open (i.e. clamp open, such as the pair of cams, rollers or knurled rollers moving mutually apart), thereby releasing the first portion in the second configuration. Such a clamp may be held closed using a spring, for example, and opened by the first actuator working against the spring. Other means for clamping the first portion of the first strap are known.

In one example, the first releasable coupling member comprises a first part (such as a male part), attached to the body, and a second part (such as a corresponding female part), releasably coupleable to the first part, attached, for example slidably, to the first portion of the first strap. That is, the first releasable coupling member may comprise a push-fit releasable coupling member, such as a push-fit buckle or push fit bayonet fitting (i.e. a first part, specifically a male first part and a corresponding second part, specifically a female second part). Actuation of the first actuator releases the male part from the female part, for example by moving the male part, a linkage, a catch and/or a spring-loaded retaining pin or ball. Other such mechanical releasable coupling members are known. It should be understood that the first part is attached, for example permanently attached, to the body while the second part is attached, for example slidably, to the first portion of the first strap. By slidably attaching the second part to the first portion of the first strap, a length of the first loop of the set of loops may be adjusted. Additionally and/or alternatively, in one example, the first part is attached, for example slidably, to the body while the second part is attached, for example permanently, to the first portion of the first strap. Additionally and/or alternatively, in one example, the first part is attached, for example slidably, to the body while the second part is attached, for example slidably, to the first portion of the first strap.

Strap

The apparatus comprises the set of straps including the first strap having the first end, the second end and the set of portions therebetween including the first portion and the second portion, wherein the first portion is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member and wherein the second portion is coupled to the body.

Generally, straps (also known as bands, ties, lashings or belts) are flexible, parallel-side ribbons of uniform (i.e. constant) thickness, for example elongate, narrow strips of woven or non-woven material, including leather, or fabric, including textiles. Suitable material for the first strap is as used for an Anderson sling, for example.

In one example, the first strap has a width in a range from 5 mm to 250 mm, preferably in a range from 12.5 mm (1/2”) to 150 mm (6”), more preferably in a range from 25 mm ( ) to 100 mm (4”) for example 25 mm ( ), 35 mm (1 .5”), 50 mm (2”), 75 mm (3”) or 100 mm (4”). These standard strap widths may be nominal strap widths. These strap widths may correspond, at least in part, with respective strength ratings in a range from 800 kg to 10,000 kg or more, for example. For example, a 25 mm strap may have a strength rating of 800 kg or 1 ,500 kg, a 35 mm strap may have a strength rating of 2,000 kg or 3,000 kg, a 50 mm strap may have a strength rating of 5,000 kg and a 75 mm strap may have a strength rating of 10,000 kg. Typically, straps are coloured (i.e. colour coded) according to their respective strength ratings. In one example, the first strap has a length in a range from 0.25 m to 2 m, preferably in a range from 0.5 m to 1 .5 m, for example 0.75 m, 1 m, 1 .25 m or imperial nominally-equivalent lengths. In one example, the first strap comprises and/or is a woven or non-woven flexible material, preferably webbing (i.e. a woven material). In one example, the first strap comprises a polymeric composition comprising a polymer for example polyester, polyamide and/or polypropylene, for example polyester, polyamide and/or polypropylene webbing. Polyester loses a little strength when wet, is highly resistant to moderate strength acid but can be damaged by alkalis. Polyamide may lose up to 15% in strength when wet, is highly resistant to alkalis but can be damaged by moderate strength acids. Polypropylene is useful where chemical resistance is a requirement. Other materials, polymeric compositions and/or polymers are known. In one example, the first strap has a thickness in a range from 0.5 mm to 8 mm, preferably in a range from 1 mm to 6 mm, more preferably in a range from 1 .5 mm to 4 mm, for example 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm or 3.5 mm. In one example, the first strap comprises a single ply strap or a multi-ply strap, for example a double or twin ply or a triple ply, for increased strength rating for a given strap width.

In one example, a length of the first strap, between the first portion and the second portion, is adjustable, for example, comprising a buckle. In this way, a length of the first loop of the set of loops may be adjusted by adjusting the length of the first strap and thereby correspond to a size of the animal and/or a size of the practitioner, for example. Hence, a relatively taller practitioner may adjust the length of the first strap to be relatively longer, so as to provide a relatively longer loop, compared with a relatively shorter practitioner, for a particular animal, so that the limb of the animal is flexed at a same height above the ground. Similarly, a practitioner may adjust the length of the first strap to be relatively longer for a relatively shorter animal, so as to provide a relatively longer loop, compared with a relatively shorter length of the first strap for a relatively taller animal, so that the respective limbs of the animals are flexed by a same degree, for example angle of flexion. In one example, the first end of the first strap provides the first portion. In this way, the first end of the first strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member, thereby reducing a complexity.

In one example, the set of straps includes a second strap. In this way, suspension of the limb of the animal using the apparatus may be improved since a pressure due to the set of straps on the limb may be reduced and/or a load more uniformly distributed. Additionally and/or alternatively, in this way, the first strap and the second strap may be positioned either side of a joint or an injury of the limb, thereby improving comfort for the animal and/or improving repeatability of an equine flexion test, for example. The second strap may be as described with respect to the first strap. In one example, the first strap and the second strap are mutually spaced apart, thereby providing substantially parallel first and second loops for suspension of the limb along an axis thereof, for example by a spacing in a range from 1 cm to 60 cm, preferably in a range from 5 cm to 50 cm, more preferably in a range from 10 cm to 40 cm. In one example, a spacing between the first strap and the second strap is adjustable, for example slidably adjustable (i.e. arrangeable in a variably spaced relationship). In this way, the spacing between the first loop and the second loop may be varied, for example according to a size of the limb of the animal. In one example, respective lengths of the first strap and the second strap are independently adjustable, as described with respect to the first strap. In this way, a degree, for example an angle, of flexing may be controlled. In one example, the second strap has a first end, a second end and a set of portions therebetween including a first portion and a second portion. In one example, the first portion of the second strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the first releasable coupling member and the second portion of the second strap is coupled to the body. In this way, actuation of the first actuator causes release of the first strap and the second strap, thereby improving safety.

Hence, in one example, the apparatus is arrangeable in:

the first configuration, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the first strap are coupled to the body, providing a first loop of the set of loops for suspending the limb, or part thereof, from the apparatus and wherein the first portion and the second portion of the second strap are coupled to the body, providing a second loop of the set of loops for suspending the limb, or part thereof, from the apparatus; and

the second configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is coupled to the body and wherein the first portion of the second strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the second strap is coupled to the body;

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator. In one example, the set of releasable coupling members includes a second releasable coupling member and the first portion of the second strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the second releasable coupling member and the second portion of the second strap is coupled to the body. In this way, release of the first strap and the second strap may be individually controlled. In one example, the set of triggers includes a second trigger, for example a button, for manual actuation of the second actuator. In one example, the set of triggers includes a zeroth trigger, for example a button, for manual actuation of the first actuator and the second actuator. In this way, release of the first strap and the second strap may be individually controlled, by triggering the first trigger and the second trigger respectively, while release of the first strap and the second strap may be simultaneous, by triggering the zeroth trigger, thereby improving control and safety.

In one example, the apparatus comprises a set of webs including a first web (also known as a sling), wherein the first web is arranged to mutually space apart the first strap and the second strap. In this way, the first web spans from the first strap to the second strap, defining a spacing therebetween. In one example, a length of the first web is adjustable, as described previously. In one example, a length of the first web is predefined, having a length in a range as described previously. In one example, the web comprises and/or is a conformable, woven or non-woven, and/or a reticulated material. In this way, suspension of the limb of the animal using the apparatus may be improved since a pressure due to the set of straps and the set of slings on the limb may be reduced and/or a load more uniformly distributed.

Actuator

The apparatus comprises the set of actuators including the first actuator arranged to release the first releasable coupling member.

In one example, the actuation of the first actuator is due, at least in part, to a first force applied on the first portion and/or the second portion of the first strap, wherein the first force exceeds a first threshold, for example in a range from 25 N to 500 N, preferably in a range from 50 N to 250 N, more preferably in a range from 100 N to 150N. In this way, automatic release of the first releasable coupling member is provided, thereby improving safety since the first releasable coupling member is released when the first force exceeds the first threshold. For example, if a horse kicks or stamps, the first releasable coupling member is released since the first force due to the kick or stamp exceeds the first threshold. This automatic actuation of the first actuator contrasts with, but is complementary to, the manual actuation of the first actuator, using the first trigger, as described previously. That is, the apparatus may provide both manual and automatic actuation of the first actuator. Additionally and/or alternatively, in this way, if the first threshold is exceeded during an equine flexion test, for example, the equine flexion test is automatically terminated by the automatic release of the first releasable coupling member. In one example, the first threshold is defined by a resilient biasing member, for example a mechanical spring, included in, or provided for, the releasable coupling member, wherein the first threshold corresponds, for example is, a force required to overcome biasing due to the resilient biasing member. Other resilient biasing members are known. Other automatically releasable coupling members are known.

In one example, the first threshold comprises a selectable threshold. In this way, the first force required to actuate the first actuator may be selected. In one example, the selectable threshold is defined by an adjustable resilient biasing member included in, or provided for, the releasable coupling member, wherein the selectable threshold corresponds, for example is, a force required to overcome selectable biasing due to the resilient biasing member.

In one example, the actuation of the first actuator is due, at least in part, to manual actuation thereof, for example as described previously.

Configurations

The apparatus is arrangeable in the first configuration, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the first strap are coupled to the body, providing the first loop of the set of loops for suspending the limb, or part thereof, from the apparatus. The apparatus is arrangeable in the second configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is coupled to the body. The apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator. As described above, the apparatus may be arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration manually and/or automatically.

In one example, the set of releasable coupling members includes a second releasable coupling member;

wherein the second portion of the first strap is releasably coupleable to the body using the second releasable coupling member; and

wherein the set of actuators includes a second actuator arranged to release the second releasable coupling member;

wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in:

a third configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is coupled to the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is released from the body;

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the third configuration by actuation of the second actuator. In this way, release of the first strap and of the second strap may be independent, such that the second portion of the first strap and/or the second portion of the second strap may be released separately or together.

In one example, the apparatus is arrangeable in:

a fourth configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is released from the body;

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the fourth configuration by actuation of the first actuator and/or the second actuator.

In this way, both the first portion and the second portion of the first strap are released from the body, such that the first strap falls to the ground, for example. In this way, if the first strap becomes entangled with the limb of the animal, the apparatus is not coupled thereto, thereby improving safety for the animal and/or the practitioner.

Load sensor

In one example, the apparatus comprises a load sensor arranged to sense a load on the first strap. In this way, the load, for example as applied during an equine flexion test, may be sensed and optionally, displayed for the practitioner. In this way, the apparatus for flexing the limb of the animal improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing. In this way, repeatability of the equine flexion test may be improved, for example.

Tensioner

In one example, the apparatus comprises a tensioner arranged to apply and/or control a load, for example a predetermined and/or a selectable load such as within a predetermined and/or a selectable range, for example in a range from 25 N to 500 N, preferably in a range from 50 N to 250 N, more preferably in a range from 100 N to 150N, on the first strap, optionally for a predetermined and/or selectable duration, for example in a range from 0.25 minutes to 5 minutes, preferably in a range from 0.5 minutes to 2.5 minutes more preferably in a range from 0.75 minutes to 1 .5 minutes for example 1 minute. In this way, the apparatus for flexing the limb of the animal improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing. In this way, repeatability of the equine flexion test may be improved, for example. In this way, the load, for example as applied during an equine flexion test, may be controlled. In this way, repeatability of the equine flexion test may be improved. An optimal force for the equine flexion test to be effective is 100 N for a duration of a minute. The maximum force applied before causing false positive symptoms is 150 N for a duration of a minute. Hence, measuring the force to alert the practitioner if the force exceeds 150 N, as well as timing a minute for example, is advantageous.

Timer

In one example, the apparatus comprises a timer arranged to apply and/or control a duration of a load, for example a predetermined and/or a selectable duration, for example in a range from 0.25 minutes to 5 minutes, preferably in a range from 0.5 minutes to 2.5 minutes more preferably in a range from 0.75 minutes to 1 .5 minutes for example 1 minute, on the first strap. In this way, the apparatus for flexing the limb of the animal improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing. In this way, repeatability of the equine flexion test may be improved, for example.

Method

The second aspect provides a method of flexing a limb of an animal using an apparatus according the first aspect, the method comprising:

In this way, the method of flexing the limb of the animal that improves a safety for the animal and/or a practitioner, as described previously.

In one example, moving the apparatus from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator comprises manually actuation of the first actuator, as described with respect to the first aspect.

In one example, moving the apparatus from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator comprises automatic actuation of the first actuator, as described with respect to the first aspect.

In one example, the method comprises sensing a load on the first strap, as described with respect to the first aspect. In one example, the method comprises applying and/or controlling a load, for example a predetermined and/or a selectable load such as within a predetermined and/or a selectable range, on the first strap, optionally for a predetermined and/or selectable duration, as described with respect to the first aspect.

In this way, the method of flexing the limb of the animal improves a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing.

In one example, the method of flexing the limb of the animal comprises and/or is an equine flexion test, as descried with respect to the first aspect.

Definitions

Throughout this specification, the term “comprising” or “comprises” means including the component(s) specified but not to the exclusion of the presence of other components. The term“consisting essentially of or“consists essentially of means including the components specified but excluding other components except for materials present as impurities, unavoidable materials present as a result of processes used to provide the components, and components added for a purpose other than achieving the technical effect of the invention, such as colourants, and the like.

The term “consisting of or “consists of means including the components specified but excluding other components.

Whenever appropriate, depending upon the context, the use of the term “comprises” or “comprising” may also be taken to include the meaning“consists essentially of or“consisting essentially of, and also may also be taken to include the meaning“consists of or“consisting of.

The optional features set out herein may be used either individually or in combination with each other where appropriate and particularly in the combinations as set out in the accompanying claims. The optional features for each aspect or exemplary embodiment of the invention, as set out herein are also applicable to all other aspects or exemplary embodiments of the invention, where appropriate. In other words, the skilled person reading this specification should consider the optional features for each aspect or exemplary embodiment of the invention as interchangeable and combinable between different aspects and exemplary embodiments. Brief description of the drawings

For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how exemplary embodiments of the same may be brought into effect, reference will be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying diagrammatic Figures, in which:

Figure 1 is a photograph of an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment, arranged in a first configuration, in use;

Figure 2A is a CAD perspective view, from front and above, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ; and Figure 2B is a CAD perspective view, from back and below, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

Figure 3A is a CAD perspective view, from front and above, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ; and Figure 3B is a CAD perspective view, from back and below, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

Figure 4 is a CAD cross-sectional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

Figure 5 is a CAD exploded view, from front left and above, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

Figure 6 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , arranged in the first configuration;

Figure 7 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , arranged in a second configuration;

Figure 8 is a CAD perspective cutaway view of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

Figure 9 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , in more detail;

Figure 10 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , in more detail;

Figure 11 schematically depicts a method of flexing a limb of an animal according to an exemplary embodiment.

Detailed Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a photograph of an apparatus 1 according to an exemplary embodiment, arranged in a first configuration, in use. The apparatus 1 is for flexing a limb L of an animal A, for example for equine flexion testing. The apparatus 1 improves a safety for the animal and/or the practitioner using the apparatus 1 since a first strap 30A is released from a body 10, by releasing a first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A therefrom, upon actuation of a first actuator 40A (not shown)which releases a first releasable coupling member 20A. That is, the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A falls away from the body 10 upon release therefrom, such that the limb L of the animal is free of the first strap 30A and may stand using all limbs, while the apparatus 1 remains held by the practitioner, for example. This is particularly beneficial for young or infrequently-handled animals, such as horses, and/or inexperienced practitioners. This is additionally and/or alternatively beneficial when performing other procedures in which the animal’s limb is flexed, such as veterinary procedures, for example including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof, and farriering procedures including shoeing. In contrast, conventional means for flexing animal limbs may result in injury to the animal and/or the practitioner, as described above.

Figure 2A is a CAD perspective view, from front and above, of the apparatus 1 of Figure 1 ; and Figure 2B is a CAD perspective view, from back and below, of the apparatus 1 of Figure 1 .

The apparatus 1 comprises a body 10; a set of releasable coupling members 20 including a first releasable coupling member 20A; a set of straps 30 including a first strap 30A having a first end 31 A, a second end 32A and a set of portions 33A therebetween including a first portion 33A1 and a second portion 33A2, wherein the first portion 33A1 is releasably coupleable to the body 10 using the first releasable coupling member 20A and wherein the second portion 33A2 is coupled to the body 10; and a set of actuators 40 including a first actuator 40A arranged to release the first releasable coupling member 20A. The apparatus 1 is arrangeable in: a first configuration, wherein the first portion 33A1 and the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A are coupled to the body 10, providing a first loop 50A of a set of loops 50 for suspending the limb L, or part thereof, from the apparatus 1 ; and a second configuration, wherein the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A is released from the body 10 and wherein the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A is coupled to the body 10. The apparatus 1 is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator 40A.

In this way, the apparatus 1 improves a safety for the animal A and/or the practitioner using the apparatus 1 since the first strap 30A is released from the body 10, by releasing the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A therefrom, upon actuation of the first actuator 40A which releases the first releasable coupling member 20A, as described with respect to the first aspect. Flexing a limb of an animal

The apparatus 1 is for flexing the limb L of the animal A, for example for equine flexion testing. It should be understood that while the apparatus 1 is suitable for flexing the limb L of the animal A, for example for equine flexion testing, the apparatus 1 may be suitable for flexing the limb L of the animal A for other procedures, such as veterinary procedures, for example including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof, and farriering procedures including shoeing.

In this example, the animal A is a horse. In this example, the limb L is a forelimb L or a hindlimb.

Body

The apparatus 1 comprises the body 10 (also known as a frame, a harness or a housing), wherein the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A is releasably coupleable to the body 10 using the first releasable coupling member 20A and wherein the second portion 33A2 is coupled to the body 10. It should be understood that in use, generally the practitioner holds the body 10, while the flexed limb L is supported, at least in part, by the first strap 30A. In this example, the body 10 comprises a set of triggers 60, including a first trigger 60A and a second trigger 60B, particularly buttons, for manual actuation of the first actuator 40A. In this example, the set of triggers 60 is positioned on an outer surface of the body 10.

In this example, the body 10 comprises a set of handles 70 including a first handle 70A and a second handle 70B. In this example, the first handle 70A and the second handle 70B are positioned at opposed ends of the body 10. In this example, the first trigger 60A is provided, for example integrated or included, in the first handle 70A. In this example, the second trigger 60B is provided, for example integrated or included, in the second handle 70B. In this example, the first trigger 60A and the second trigger 60B are buttons.

Releasable coupling member

In this example, the first releasable coupling member 20A comprises a first part 20A1 , attached to the body 10, and a second part 20A2, releasably coupleable to the first part, attached to the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A and to the first portion 33B1 of the second strap 30B. In this example, the first part 20A1 comprises a male first part and the second part 20A3 comprises a corresponding female second part. Actuation of the first actuator 40A releases the male part 20A1 from the female part 20A2, by rotating the male part 20A1 and pushing the female part 20A2 away therefrom. The male part 20A1 is coupled via a mechanical linkage to the first trigger 60A and the second trigger 60B. That is, by triggering the first trigger 60A and/or the second trigger 60B, the first releasable coupling member 20A is released.

Strap

In this example, the first strap 30A has a width of 25 mm. In this example, the first strap 30A has a length of 1 .25 m. In this example, the first strap 30A comprises a woven flexible material, preferably webbing. In this example, the first strap 30A comprises a polymeric composition comprising a polymer for example polyester, polyamide and/or polypropylene. In this example, the first strap 30A has a thickness of about 2 m. In this example, the first strap 30A comprises a single ply strap.

In this example, a length of the first strap 30A, between the first portion 33A1 and the second portion 33A2, is adjustable, comprising a buckle 80A. In this example, a length of the second strap 30B, between the first portion 33B1 and the second portion 33B2, is adjustable, comprising a buckle 80B.

In this example, the first end 31 A of the first strap 30A provides the first portion 33A1 .

In this example, the set of straps 30 includes a second strap 30B. The second strap 30B is as described with respect to the first strap 30A. In this example, the first strap 30A and the second strap 30B are mutually spaced apart, thereby providing substantially parallel first and second loop 50Bs for suspension of the limb L along an axis thereof, by a spacing of 25 cm. In this example, respective lengths of the first strap 30A and the second strap 30B are independently adjustable, as described with respect to the first strap 30A. In this example, the second strap 30B has a first end 31 B, a second end 32B and a set of portions 33B therebetween including a first portion 33B1 and a second portion 33B2. In this example, the first portion 33B1 of the second strap 30B is releasably coupleable to the body 10 using the first releasable coupling member 20A and the second portion 33B2 of the second strap 30B is coupled to the body 10.

Hence, in this example, the apparatus 1 is arrangeable in: the first configuration, wherein the first portion 33A1 and the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A are coupled to the body 10, providing a first loop 50A of the set of loops 50 for suspending the limb L, or part thereof, from the apparatus 1 and wherein the first portion 33A1 and the second portion 33A2 of the second strap 30B are coupled to the body 10, providing a second loop 50B of the set of loops 50 for suspending the limb L, or part thereof, from the apparatus 1 ; and the second configuration, wherein the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A is released from the body 10 and wherein the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A is coupled to the body 10 and wherein the first portion 33A1 of the second strap 30B is released from the body 10 and wherein the second portion 33A2 of the second strap 30B is coupled to the body 10;

wherein the apparatus 1 is arranged to move from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator 40A.

In this example, the apparatus 1 comprises a set of webs 70 including a first web 70A (also known as a sling), wherein the first web 70A is arranged to mutually space apart the first strap 30A and the second strap 30B. In this example, a length of the first web 70A is predefined, having a length in a range as described previously. In this example, the web comprises a conformable, woven material.

Actuator

In this example, the actuation of the first actuator 40A is due, at least in part, to a first force applied on the first portion 33A1 and/or the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A, wherein the first force exceeds a first threshold. In this example, the first threshold comprises a selectable threshold.

In this example, the actuation of the first actuator 40A is due, at least in part, to manual actuation thereof, for example as described previously.

Figure 3A is a CAD perspective view, from front and above, of the apparatus of Figure 1 ; and Figure 3B is a CAD perspective view, from back and below, of the apparatus of Figure 1 .

In more detail, Figures 3A and 3B show adjustment of the first strap 30A and the second strap 30B so as to reduce respective lengths thereof, compared with Figures 2A and 2B, as described above.

Figure 4 is a CAD cross-sectional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 .

As described above, in this example, the first releasable coupling member 20A comprises the first part 20A1 , attached to the body 10, and a second part 20A2, releasably coupleable to the first part, attached to the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A and to the first portion 33B1 of the second strap 30B. In this example, the first part 20A1 comprises the male first part and the second part 20A3 comprises the corresponding female second part. Actuation of the first actuator 40A releases the male part 20A1 from the female part 20A2, by rotating the male part 20A1 and pushing the female part 20A2 away therefrom. The male part 20A1 is coupled via a mechanical linkage to the first trigger 60A and the second trigger 60B. That is, by triggering the first trigger 60A and/or the second trigger 60B, the first releasable coupling member 20A is released.

Figure 5 is a CAD exploded view, from front left and above, of the apparatus of Figure 1 .

In this example, the body 10 is injection moulded from ABS.

Figure 6 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , arranged in the first configuration, was described with reference to Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , arranged in a second configuration.

In this example, in the second configuration, the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A is released from the body 10 and the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A is coupled to the body 10. In this example, in the second configuration, the first portion 33A1 of the second strap 30B is released from the body 10 and the second portion 33A2 of the second strap 30B is coupled to the body 10. In this example, the first part 20A1 comprises the male first part and the second part 20A3 comprises the corresponding female second part. Actuation of the first actuator 40A releases the male part 20A1 from the female part 20A2, by rotating the male part 20A1 and pushing the female part 20A2 away therefrom.

Figure 8 is a CAD perspective cutaway view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , as described above with reference to Figure 4.

Figure 9 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , in more detail, showing the ergonomic handles 60A, 60B and the triggers 70A, 70B integrated therewith.

Figure 10 is a CAD perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 , in more detail, showing the buckles 80A, 80B for adjusting respective lengths of the first strap 30A and the second strap 30B. Markings SMALL, MEDIUM and LARGE included on the straps 30A, 30B facilitate adjustment according to a size of the animal and/or the practitioner.

Method

Figure 1 1 schematically depicts a method of flexing a limb L of an animal A using an apparatus 1 according the first aspect.

At S1 101 , the limb L, or part thereof, is suspended in the first loop 50A of the set of loops 50 provided by arranging the apparatus 1 in the first configuration, wherein the first portion 33A1 and the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A are coupled to the body 10, thereby flexing the limb L.

At S1 102, the apparatus 1 is moved from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator 40A, wherein the first portion 33A1 of the first strap 30A is released from the body 10 and wherein the second portion 33A2 of the first strap 30A is coupled to the body 10, thereby releasing the limb L.

In this way, the method of flexing the limb L of the animal A that improves a safety for the animal A and/or a practitioner, as described previously.

In this example, moving the apparatus 1 from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator 40A comprises manually actuation of the first actuator 40A, as described with respect to the first aspect.

In this example, moving the apparatus 1 from the first configuration to the second configuration by actuation of the first actuator 40A comprises automatic actuation of the first actuator 40A, as described with respect to the first aspect.

In this example, the method of flexing the limb L of the animal A comprises and/or is an equine flexion test, as described with respect to the first aspect.

Although a preferred embodiment has been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications might be made without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims and as described above.

In summary, the invention provides an apparatus for, and a method of, flexing a limb of an animal that improves a safety for the animal and/or a practitioner using the apparatus, as described herein. The apparatus and method may improve a control, for example a repeatability, of the flexing, as described herein. The apparatus and method are particularly beneficial for young or infrequently-handled animals, such as horses, and/or inexperienced practitioners. The apparatus and method are additionally and/or alternatively beneficial when performing other procedures in which the animal’s limb is flexed, such as veterinary procedures, for example including applying a poultice to a horse’s hoof, and farriering procedures including shoeing. .

Attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.

All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at most some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.

Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

1 . An apparatus for flexing a limb of an animal, for example for equine flexion testing, the apparatus comprising:

a body;

a set of actuators including a first actuator arranged to release the first releasable coupling member;

wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in:

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the actuation of the first actuator is due, at least in part, to a first force applied on the first portion and/or the second portion of the first strap, wherein the first force exceeds a first threshold.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first threshold comprises a selectable threshold.

4. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the actuation of the first actuator is due, at least in part, to manual actuation thereof.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the body comprises a set of triggers, including a first trigger, for example a button, for manual actuation of the first actuator.

6. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein a length of the first strap, between the first portion and the second portion, is adjustable.

7. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the first end of the first strap provides the first portion.

8. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the first releasable coupling member is arrangeable to releasably clamp the first portion of the first strap therebetween.

9. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first releasable coupling member comprises a first part, attached to the body, and a second part, releasably coupleable to the first part, attached, for example slidably, to the first portion of the first strap.

10. The apparatus according to any previous claim;

wherein the set of releasable coupling members includes a second releasable coupling member;

wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in:

wherein the apparatus is arranged to move from the first configuration to the third configuration by actuation of the second actuator.

11. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the apparatus is arrangeable in: a fourth configuration, wherein the first portion of the first strap is released from the body and wherein the second portion of the first strap is released from the body;

12. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the set of straps includes a second strap.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, comprising a set of webs including a first web, wherein the first web is arranged to mutually space apart the first strap and the second strap.

14. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the body comprises an attachment point for suspending the apparatus therefrom.

15. The apparatus according to any previous claim, wherein the body comprises a set of handles including a first handle.

16. The apparatus according to any previous claim, comprising a load sensor arranged to sense a load on the first strap.

17. The apparatus according to any previous claim, comprising a tensioner arranged to apply and/or control a load, for example a predetermined and/or a selectable load, on the first strap, optionally for a predetermined and/or selectable duration.

18. A method of flexing a limb of an animal using an apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 17, the method comprising: