WO2021009150A1 - Système de refroidissement pour un empilement de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Système de refroidissement pour un empilement de piles à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021009150A1
WO2021009150A1 PCT/EP2020/069826 EP2020069826W WO2021009150A1 WO 2021009150 A1 WO2021009150 A1 WO 2021009150A1 EP 2020069826 W EP2020069826 W EP 2020069826W WO 2021009150 A1 WO2021009150 A1 WO 2021009150A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
water
fuel cell
cell stack
evaporative cooler
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/069826
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen Braun
Michael Giuseppe MARINO
Ralph Leonard FUNG
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2021009150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021009150A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling system for a fuel cell stack with a water separator, an evaporative cooler and a fluid-permeable connecting line.
  • Hydrogen-based fuel cells are considered the basis for a mobility concept of the future, as they only emit gaseous water and are fast
  • PEM fuel cells PEM: "proton exchange membrane”; proton exchange membrane
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • Fuel cell stacks composed of fuel cells are discharged by means of a cooling circuit and released to the environment, for example at a main vehicle radiator.
  • Fuel cell stacks an essential aspect when designing a fuel cell system. Since the operating temperature of the PEM fuel cell stack is typically between 60 and 90 degrees Celsius, the temperature gradient to the outside world is very small and must be
  • a cooling system for a fuel cell stack, a method and a vehicle is proposed according to the features of the independent claims, which at least in part
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that by means of evaporation of product water, which can be separated from an outflowing gas stream of an electrode chamber of a fuel cell stack, heat is dissipated from the fuel cell stack by means of an evaporative cooler that is thermally coupled to the fuel cell stack can.
  • a cooling system for a fuel cell stack which has a water separator, an evaporative cooler with a cooling surface and a fluid-permeable connecting line.
  • the water separator is set up to receive a gas flow from an electrode chamber of the fuel cell stack and to separate water from the gas flow when the gas flow is passed through the water separator, the gas flow carrying product water from an electrode chamber of the fuel cell stack.
  • the evaporative cooler with the cooling surface is set up to apply liquid cooling water to the cooling surface in order to cool the cooling surface.
  • the fluid-permeable connecting line between the water separator and the evaporative cooler is set up the separated Feed water from the water separator to the evaporative cooler as cooling water.
  • the product water which, as described, occurs in large quantities during operation of the fuel cell stack, can be used to cool any cooling surface both by applying the water to the cooling surface and also by evaporation of the water to cool the cooling surface very effectively.
  • a thermal decoupling for example by spatial separation of the cooling surface and the water separator, which occurs when the
  • Condensation heat occurring in water occurs at a different location, so that the cooling surface, which is, for example, thermally coupled to a fuel cell stack, can be effectively cooled without having to provide large-volume cooling devices at the installation location of the fuel cell stack. Because the condensed cooling water can easily be transported to a cooling surface.
  • the evaporative cooler has an air guide device and the air guide device is set up to guide an air flow along the cooling surface in order to promote evaporation of the applied cooling water.
  • the cooling effect caused by evaporation can be increased even further.
  • Air guiding device is set up to guide the air flow along at least part of the surface of the fuel cell stack.
  • the surface of the fuel cell stack itself can be viewed as the cooling surface, as a result of which a larger amount of water can evaporate from this surface by means of the air flow and thus can dissipate a larger amount of heat, thereby improving the cooling.
  • the air guiding device of the evaporative cooler is designed to guide the air flow both along the cooling surface and around the fuel cell stack.
  • both a separate cooling surface and the surface of the fuel cell stack can serve as a cooling surface and further improve the cooling effect.
  • the cooling system is set up to guide the air flow guided in the evaporative cooler along the cooling surface through the water separator in order to separate out water taken up in the evaporative cooler.
  • Evaporative cooler is set up by means of a fan of the cooling system to direct the air flow in the evaporative cooler.
  • the air flow described above can, for example, be caused by a head wind of a vehicle with the fuel cell stack and the one here
  • Evaporative cooler are supplied. If, however, as suggested here, the air flow is generated by means of a fan, the resulting cooling effect can also be achieved when such a vehicle is stationary. In addition, the cooling effect is easier to regulate by regulating the strength of the fan.
  • the evaporative cooler has a collecting device for cooling water.
  • This can be, for example, a tank system that collects water that has not evaporated on the cooling surface in order to make it available again to the evaporative cooler if necessary.
  • the evaporative cooler has a water spray device which is set up to apply the cooling water to the cooling surface.
  • the cooling surface is in thermal contact with the fuel cell stack in order to cool the fuel cell stack.
  • the cooling surface can be set up in such a way that the cooling effect by means of evaporative cooling is particularly effective and, for example, by cooling ribs, the surface for evaporative cooling is opposite
  • the surface of a fuel cell stack is significantly increased.
  • Such a thermal coupling can also take place, for example, in that this surface-enlarging cooling surface, such as cooling ribs, is an integral part of the fuel cell stack.
  • the cooling effect of the evaporation of the condensed product water on the cooling surface of the fuel cell stack is used to dissipate the waste heat from the fuel cell stack.
  • the cooling system can be designed to be used in high-load or normal operation.
  • the necessary cooling surface for the fuel cell system can be reduced overall or spatially distributed.
  • the water separator has a cyclone separator and the cyclone separator has cooling fins in order to transfer absorbed heat from the separated water to the air surrounding the cooling fins.
  • a water separator can consist of a metallic grid, for example, on which the water contained in the water vapor condenses due to its thermal conductivity.
  • a water separator is an arrangement for
  • a cyclone or cyclone separator is understood here to mean a water separator, which essentially consists of a container that is shaped so that a gas flowing in from the side rotates spirally along the outer wall, for example downwards, and is then diverted upwards within the spiral.
  • Typical examples of the container would be, for example, funnel-shaped, conical or cylindrical shapes. If the outer wall of the container is cooled, this can be gaseous or optionally condense droplet-shaped water of a gas stream on the surface of the container and are collected or discharged below.
  • a grid for droplet formation and can also be installed on the inner wall of the cyclone
  • a cooling of the outer wall of the cyclone can for example by the surrounding air and with the
  • Outer wall of the cyclone made thermally coupled cooling fins.
  • the surrounding air can also come from the airflow of the head wind. This means that not only the static ambient air, but also the dynamic air from the airflow can be used for cooling.
  • the water separator has a condenser for separating and / or condensing water, and the condenser has cooling fins in order to transfer absorbed heat from the separated and / or condensed water to the air surrounding the cooling fins.
  • the cooling fins are used to enlarge the convection surface to accelerate the heat dissipation.
  • a water separator with a condenser can perform the same function as a water separator with a cyclone. If the condenser is set up to interact functionally with the cyclone, the condenser can take up the remaining gas flow emerging from the cyclone and condense the water contained therein. This ensures that a larger proportion of water can be separated from the gas flow.
  • the condenser can exchange heat with the air surrounding the cooling fins by means of the cooling fins and thus improve the effectiveness of the condenser.
  • the water separator has a collecting device for separated water.
  • this collecting device which can be a tank system, for example, it is ensured that a sufficient amount of condensed water is available which can be fed to the evaporative cooler by means of the fluid-permeable connecting line.
  • the water contained in the gas flow is not released directly into the environment, but is first collected in a water tank, for example, and is thus available for use in various applications. It is also achieved that the product water release to the environment is reduced. For example This can prevent freezing puddles at red lights in winter.
  • the water separator and the evaporative cooler are spatially separated in order to improve the cooling effect of the cooling system for the fuel cell stack for thermal decoupling.
  • a compact cooling solution for a cooling surface with which, for example, a fuel cell stack is cooled, can thus be implemented.
  • a vehicle that has a
  • this allows the fuel cell stack to be cooled with a compactly designed cooling system, in which the heat sink for emitting heat to the surrounding air can be designed in a spatially flexible manner.
  • a method for cooling a fuel cell stack which has the following steps.
  • water is separated from a gas flow by means of a water separator, the gas flow being passed through an electrode compartment of the fuel cell stack and enriched with product water in the electrode compartment.
  • the separated water is fed to an evaporative cooler.
  • the separated water is applied to a cooling surface of the evaporative cooler in order to cool the fuel cell stack by at least partial evaporation of the cooling water.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cooling system for a fuel cell stack
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for cooling a fuel cell stack.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cooling system 100 for a fuel cell stack 122, parts of a system for operating a fuel cell stack 122 being shown in addition to the cooling system 100.
  • air is drawn from the environment via the
  • Humidifier 146 supplied.
  • the compressed air is enriched with water so that the membrane of the fuel cells of the
  • Fuel cell stacks 122 do not dry out due to the supplied compressed air.
  • the air which is guided through an electrode space on the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 122 is enriched with product water by the electrocatalytic reaction of hydrogen with air.
  • a portion of this product water, of the gas flow 118 emerging from the electrode space on the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 122 can be fed to the humidifier 146.
  • This gas flow 118 is passed through a water separator 110 of the cooling system 100 in order to separate the product water, which is entrained in the load flow, from the gas flow 118.
  • This separated water is permeable through a fluid
  • Connecting line 130 out which is arranged between the water separator 110 and an evaporative cooler 120 in order to supply the separated water of the water separator 110 to the evaporative cooler 120 as cooling water.
  • the evaporative cooler 120 is provided with a cooling surface 122, 123 and is designed to apply the liquid cooling water to the cooling surface 122, 123 in order to cool the cooling surface 122, 123.
  • the evaporative cooler 120 has an air guiding device 121 which is set up to guide an air flow 128, which can be supplied to the air guiding device 121 via a connection 126, along the cooling surfaces 122, 123 in order to promote evaporation of the applied cooling water.
  • the cooling system can be set up to direct the air flow 128 in the evaporative cooler 120 along the cooling surface 122, 123 via a
  • Evaporative cooler 120 to pass through the water separator 110 in order to separate water absorbed in the evaporative cooler 120.
  • the cooling water can be provided again for the cooling system 100.
  • the evaporative cooler 120 can be set up by means of a fan of the cooling system, which is not shown in FIG.
  • evaporative cooler 120 For example, via the cooling surface 122, 123.
  • the evaporative cooler 120 can have a collecting device for cooling water, which is for example via the connection 125 of the
  • Air guiding device 121 can be connected. Such
  • a collecting device for the cooling water can be, for example, a tank system not shown in FIG.
  • An overflow which is not shown in FIG. 1, can be provided in order to prevent the tank system from overflowing.
  • a further connection can also be provided on such a tank system, for example, from which the condensed water can be drawn off for other purposes, such as, for example, as utility water, for humidifying the gas flow or for the windscreen washer system.
  • the evaporative cooler 120 can have a water spray device 124 which is set up to apply the cooling water to the cooling surface 122, 123.
  • a water spray device 124 which is set up to apply the cooling water to the cooling surface 122, 123.
  • the cooling surface 122, 123 can be in thermal contact with the
  • Fuel cell stack 122 are in order to cool fuel cell stack 122.
  • the fuel cell stack 122 can have the cooling surface 122, 123 as an integral component.
  • the surface of the fuel cell stack 122 can itself serve as a cooling surface 122, 123 or, for example, as indicated in FIG. 1, the cooling surface 122, 123 can be used
  • Cooling fins 123 are enlarged.
  • the water separator 110 can have a cyclone separator 112, which has cooling fins 113 in order to improve the heat dissipation, which dissipates the heat from the water separated by the cyclone separator 112
  • the cyclone 112 is set up to allow the gas flow in the cyclone 112 to rotate in a spiral shape on the inner walls of the cyclone 112.
  • the inner wall of the cyclone 112 is cooled by the air surrounding the cyclone 112, so that the im
  • Gas stream 118 contained water can condensed and in a
  • Collecting device 116 such as a tank system 116 can be collected in order to be able to supply it to the evaporative cooler 120 via the fluid-permeable connecting line 130 connected to the tank system 116.
  • This supply can be supported, for example, by a pump not shown in FIG.
  • the cyclone wind of a vehicle can be exposed to improve cooling.
  • the heat exchange of the cyclone or the cooling fins of the cyclone with the environment can be improved by a fan that promotes the exchange of air with the environment.
  • the tank system 116 has the advantage that the water can also be separated off at a different point in time than it is required in the form of the cooling water for the evaporative cooler 120.
  • the water separator 110 of the cooling system 100 can have a condenser 114 for separating and / or condensing water, wherein the condenser 114 in turn can have cooling fins 113 in order to transfer heat from the separated and / or condensed water to the air surrounding the cooling fins 113 transferred to.
  • the condenser 114 can contain a cooling grid, not shown in FIG. 1, on which the water of the after flowing through the cyclone 112
  • FIG. 2 shows the steps of the method 200 for cooling a
  • Fuel cell stacks 122 wherein in a first step S1 water is separated from a gas stream 118 by means of a water separator 110, the gas stream 118 being passed through an electrode chamber of the fuel cell stack 122 and enriched with product water in the electrode chamber.
  • the separated water is an evaporative cooler
  • step S3 the separated water is applied to a cooling surface 122, 123 of the evaporative cooler 120 in order to cool the fuel cell stack 122 by at least partial evaporation of the cooling water.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de refroidissement pour un empilement de piles à combustible, présentant : un séparateur d'eau, qui est conçu pour recevoir un flux de gaz d'un compartiment d'électrode de l'empilement de piles à combustible et pour séparer l'eau du flux de gaz lorsque le flux de gaz est amené à passer à travers le séparateur d'eau, le flux de gaz emportant l'eau produite provenant d'un compartiment d'électrode de l'empilement de piles à combustible ; un refroidisseur par évaporation pourvu d'une surface de refroidissement, qui est conçu pour soumettre la surface de refroidissement à l'effet d'une eau de refroidissement liquide, afin de refroidir la surface de refroidissement ; et une conduite de liaison perméable au fluide entre le séparateur d'eau et le refroidisseur par évaporation, qui est conçue pour acheminer l'eau séparée du séparateur d'eau au refroidisseur par évaporation en tant qu'eau de refroidissement.
PCT/EP2020/069826 2019-07-18 2020-07-14 Système de refroidissement pour un empilement de piles à combustible WO2021009150A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019210626.9 2019-07-18
DE102019210626.9A DE102019210626A1 (de) 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Kühlsystem für einen Brennstoffzellen-Stack

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021009150A1 true WO2021009150A1 (fr) 2021-01-21

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PCT/EP2020/069826 WO2021009150A1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2020-07-14 Système de refroidissement pour un empilement de piles à combustible

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DE (1) DE102019210626A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021009150A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT524817A1 (de) * 2021-02-15 2022-09-15 Avl List Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für ein Kühlen eines Brennstoffzellensystems eines Fahrzeugs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021211581A1 (de) * 2021-10-14 2023-04-20 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verdunstungskühlung eines Kühlers mithilfe von Produktwasser aus mindestens einem Brennstoffzellensystem

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030118880A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-26 Ballard Power Systems Evaporative edge cooling of a fuel cell
JP2008235079A (ja) * 2007-03-22 2008-10-02 Equos Research Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
DE102008062038A1 (de) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg Gmbh Notenergiesystem für ein Flugzeug
US20130199218A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Airbus Operations Gmbh Icing protection system for an aircraft and method for operating an icing protection system
CN106759662A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2017-05-31 武汉地质资源环境工业技术研究院有限公司 一种质子交换膜燃料电池水回收装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030118880A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-26 Ballard Power Systems Evaporative edge cooling of a fuel cell
JP2008235079A (ja) * 2007-03-22 2008-10-02 Equos Research Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
DE102008062038A1 (de) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg Gmbh Notenergiesystem für ein Flugzeug
US20130199218A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Airbus Operations Gmbh Icing protection system for an aircraft and method for operating an icing protection system
CN106759662A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2017-05-31 武汉地质资源环境工业技术研究院有限公司 一种质子交换膜燃料电池水回收装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT524817A1 (de) * 2021-02-15 2022-09-15 Avl List Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für ein Kühlen eines Brennstoffzellensystems eines Fahrzeugs
AT524817B1 (de) * 2021-02-15 2023-02-15 Avl List Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für ein Kühlen eines Brennstoffzellensystems eines Fahrzeugs

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