WO2021008611A1 - 机器人被困检测及脱困方法 - Google Patents

机器人被困检测及脱困方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008611A1
WO2021008611A1 PCT/CN2020/102738 CN2020102738W WO2021008611A1 WO 2021008611 A1 WO2021008611 A1 WO 2021008611A1 CN 2020102738 W CN2020102738 W CN 2020102738W WO 2021008611 A1 WO2021008611 A1 WO 2021008611A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
robot
area
grid
grid coordinates
trapped
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PCT/CN2020/102738
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周娴玮
曾国威
郑卓斌
王立磊
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广东宝乐机器人股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021008611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008611A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/24Floor-sweeping machines, motor-driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4011Regulation of the cleaning machine by electric means; Control systems and remote control systems therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4061Steering means; Means for avoiding obstacles; Details related to the place where the driver is accommodated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • A47L2201/04Automatic control of the travelling movement; Automatic obstacle detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of robot motion control, in particular to a method for detecting and getting out of the trap of a robot.
  • An autonomous mobile robot is a type of robot that uses sensors to autonomously detect the surrounding environment, uses a controller to determine the motion of the body, and uses actuators (such as wheels) to achieve the above-mentioned motion.
  • Existing cleaning robots such as the four feet of a stool in a home environment, the entrance of a coffee table and other narrow areas. If the cleaning robot enters these areas, due to the existence of accumulated errors and the low resolution of the collision sensor and infrared sensor, the robot wants to change from the original Leaving the entrance, as long as there is a slight deviation, it is easy to hit the corner, resulting in being trapped in this narrow area and unable to clean other places in the family.
  • a method for detecting trapped robots comprising:
  • a grid map is established, and the grid map is updated in real time during the traveling of the robot, and the first grid coordinates of the current position of the robot under the grid map and the first grid coordinates of the target position under the grid map are obtained.
  • Two grid coordinates, the target position is a position detected by the robot;
  • the step of judging whether the robot is trapped in a narrow area according to the enclosed cleaning area includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the second preset threshold is 0.3-0.4.
  • the step of judging whether the area where the robot is located is in a closed state according to the first grid coordinates and the second grid coordinates includes:
  • the present application also provides a robot escape method, the method includes:
  • the robot moves according to a preset edgewise direction
  • the grid coordinates of the robot under the grid map are updated in real time, and it is determined whether the robot is out of trouble according to the updated grid coordinates.
  • the step of judging whether the robot is out of trouble according to the updated grid coordinates includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the interval between the first connected area and the largest grid map area recorded by the robot is a preset distance, it is determined that the robot has successfully escaped.
  • the escape method further includes:
  • the robot includes an infrared sensor and a collision sensor; the escape method further includes:
  • the above method for detecting and getting out of the trapped robot by establishing a grid map, first determine whether the robot is in a closed state, then obtain the number of connected areas where the robot is, and finally obtain the closed cleaning area of the robot, and determine whether the robot is based on the closed cleaning area Trapped in a narrow area is a step-by-step method to check whether the robot is trapped in a narrow area; compared with traditional trapped detection methods, it can quickly and timely detect whether the robot is trapped, thereby improving the robot’s performance. Effective cleaning efficiency, reducing the energy loss of the system; at the same time, this method does not require the robot to have a precise distance sensor (such as lidar), only ordinary infrared or collision sensors, so it can reduce the cost of the robot.
  • a precise distance sensor such as lidar
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting trapped robots in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a specific implementation method of step S110 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a specific implementation method of step S104 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for getting rid of a robot in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a specific implementation method of step S408 in FIG. 4;
  • Figure 6 is the grid map established at the initial position of the robot
  • Figure 7 is a grid map established when the robot moves according to the planned cleaning path
  • Figure 8 is a grid map created when the robot moves to the door of the room according to the planned cleaning path
  • Figure 9 is a grid map created when the robot enters a narrow area from the door to clean
  • Figure 10 is a grid map created after the robot cleans the narrow area
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the robot in an implementation.
  • a general sweeping robot After a general sweeping robot enters a narrow area, it often takes a long time to detect that it is trapped here, and it takes a long time to escape.
  • some robots use a combination of bow sweeping and edge sweeping to alleviate the problem of being trapped in narrow areas. That is, after bow sweeping for a period of time, they will immediately switch to edge sweeping. At this time, if the robot is trapped in a narrow area, it may follow The outline of the obstacle walks out of this area. Therefore, this method cannot detect in time that the machine is trapped in a narrow area, nor can it determine whether it can really get out of this narrow area.
  • RB represents the robot
  • L1 represents the first reference line
  • the dashed line with arrows represents the cleaning route of the robot RB
  • the solid line with arrows represents the escape route of the robot RB
  • A represents the boundary of the grid map.
  • B represents an obstacle
  • C represents an area that the robot RB recorded as impossible to pass the obstacle last time, but it is actually a passable area
  • D represents an area that the sensor of the robot RB thinks it can go
  • E represents an undetected area of the robot RB
  • a blank area represents an area that has been
  • Dr represents the door
  • A1 represents the first area
  • A2 represents the second area
  • T represents the target location. It should be noted that B in this application may change (due to movement obstacles or errors).
  • the robot RB is cleaning and building a grid map while cleaning. Its built-in sensor can sense a total of five grid coordinates (shaded part) in front and left and right. ), confirm whether there is an obstacle in the corresponding position, if there is an obstacle, it is marked as B, if there is no obstacle, it is marked as D. As shown in FIG. 8, the robot RB travels to the vicinity of the door, and the grid unit where the door Dr is located is marked as D, indicating that it can travel, and enters the first area A1 through the door Dr. As shown in FIG.
  • the half-covered door Dr is sensed as an obstacle B due to sensor errors/or the grid unit is sensed as an obstacle B due to the door Dr is closed after entering. Since the robot RB entered the first area A1 from the grid position before, it senses that the grid unit is an obstacle B later, so the grid unit is marked as C. As shown in FIG. 10, the robot RB completes the cleaning of the first area A1, and its sensors sense that the surrounding grid cells are either being cleaned, or are obstacles B or boundary A, and are therefore ready to find a new area for cleaning. At this time, the grid unit D that has not been cleaned before but has been detected is used as the target position T, so as to start the trap detection and escape process of the robot.
  • This application provides a method for detecting trapped robots.
  • the method may include steps S102-S110.
  • step S102 a grid map is established, and the grid map is updated in real time while the robot is traveling, and the first grid coordinates of the current position of the robot under the grid map and the target position on the grid map are acquired.
  • the second grid coordinates below, the target position is the position detected by the robot.
  • the sweeping robot when the sweeping robot performs the cleaning operation, it will walk according to the preset path plan. By establishing a grid map to calculate the number of grids the sweeping robot walks, it can build a map, record the cleaning trajectory, and calculate Functions such as cleaning area.
  • This application also uses grid maps for path planning.
  • the robot before the robot starts cleaning, it will create a map with a boundary, and the boundary is marked as A.
  • the robot builds a grid map while cleaning. Its built-in sensor can sense a total of five grid coordinates (shaded parts) in the front and left and right to confirm whether there are obstacles in the corresponding position. If there is an obstacle, mark it It is B, if there is no obstacle, it is marked as D.
  • the target position is the position that the robot has detected and detected no obstacles. Generally, the robot makes such a judgment because the robot has cleaned the current area and needs to find a new cleaning area.
  • Step S104 judging whether the area where the robot is located is in a closed state according to the first grid coordinates and the second grid coordinates.
  • this step S104 may include sub-steps S1042-S1046.
  • Step S1042 Determine whether there is a path between the first grid coordinates and the second grid coordinates.
  • Step S1044 in response to the absence of a path between the first grid coordinates and the second grid coordinates, determine that the area where the robot is located is in a closed state.
  • Step S106 in response to the area where the robot is located is in a closed state, determine the number of connected areas where the first grid coordinates are located.
  • Step S108 in response to the connected area where the first grid coordinates are greater than or equal to two, obtain a closed cleaning area centered on the first grid coordinates and spread to the outer layer.
  • the entire grid map can be searched to obtain the number of connected areas where the first grid coordinates are located.
  • the connected area refers to an area where all points in the area can be connected to each other, and the outside is an obstacle or a map boundary. If it is found that the connected area is greater than or equal to two, it means that there are other areas that need to be cleaned; if the connected area is unique, it means that the robot is already in the only cleaning environment and does not need to cross to other areas to clean. Then, the enclosed cleaning area spreading to the outer layer with the first grid coordinates as the center is obtained.
  • Step S110 judging whether the robot is trapped in a narrow area according to the enclosed cleaning area.
  • this step S110 may include sub-steps S112-S114.
  • Step S112 Determine whether the enclosed cleaning area is smaller than a first preset threshold.
  • Step S114 if yes, it is determined that the robot is trapped in a narrow area.
  • the size of the acquired enclosed cleaning area and the first preset threshold may be 2 square meters. If the acquired enclosed cleaning area is less than 2 square meters, it is determined that the robot RB is trapped. In a narrow area.
  • the method for detecting a trapped robot may further include the steps:
  • the second The preset threshold can be 0.3-0.4. Because the connected area where the robot RB is currently located is much smaller than the area of the largest connected area. Judging by the area of the connected area where the robot RB is currently located compared to the area of the largest connected area can also determine that the robot is trapped in a narrow area. . If the ratio between the area of the connected area where the first grid coordinates are located and the area of the largest connected area is greater than 0.4, it can also indicate that the area where the robot is located is not a narrow area.
  • the above-mentioned robot trapped detection method is to establish a grid map to first determine whether the robot is in a closed state, then obtain the number of connected areas where the robot is located, and finally obtain the closed cleaning area of the robot, and determine whether the robot is trapped according to the closed cleaning area
  • the step-by-step method to check whether the robot is trapped in a narrow area can quickly and timely detect whether the robot is trapped, thereby improving the effective cleaning efficiency of the robot and reducing the energy loss of the system; at the same time, this method does not
  • the robot is required to have a precise distance sensor (such as lidar), and only ordinary infrared or collision sensors are needed, so the cost of the robot can be reduced.
  • the present application also provides a robot escape method, the method may include steps: S402-S408.
  • step S402 it is determined that the robot is trapped in a narrow area through the aforementioned method for detecting that the robot is trapped.
  • the robot RB performs cleaning operations according to a preset path plan.
  • the robot RB enters the narrow area (first area A1) from the narrow entrance (Dr) to clean, and the entrance is not closed at this time.
  • the narrow entrance is closed due to obstacles, errors, etc., and the robot will mark it as state C; then, through the aforementioned robot trapped detection method, it is determined that the robot is trapped in Narrow area.
  • Step S404 controlling the robot to switch to the edge mode; wherein, in the edge mode, the distance between the robot and the obstacle or the grid map boundary is kept constant.
  • the sensing threshold of the distance sensor (infrared sensor) in the robot RB can be set first, and the position of the machine can be adjusted continuously to make the threshold a constant value, so that the distance between the robot RB and the obstacle or the boundary of the grid map is kept constant , (Usually 0.5 cm -1.5 cm), so as to achieve the mode switch.
  • Step S406 In the edgewise mode, the robot moves according to a preset edgewise direction.
  • the preset edgewise direction in this application is the direction of the current position of the robot RB pointing to the bottleneck deviating from the first reference line or the second reference line direction.
  • L1 is the first reference line, that is, a straight line in the vertical direction, where the bottleneck is the entrance of the narrow area, that is, C, the first reference line is perpendicular to the second reference line,
  • the second reference line is a straight line in the horizontal direction.
  • the connection direction between the current position of the robot RB and the entrance C is on the left side of the first reference line L1 relative to the first reference line L1. Therefore, the edge direction of the robot RB can be set to be counterclockwise. Rotation (on the right is set to clockwise rotation).
  • step S408 the grid coordinates of the robot under the grid map are updated in real time during the movement, and it is determined whether the robot is out of trouble according to the updated grid coordinates.
  • this step S408 may also include sub-steps S4082-S4086.
  • Step S4082 Acquire the first connected area where the robot is located according to the updated grid coordinates.
  • Step S4084 Determine whether the first connected area is connected to the external connected area recorded by the robot.
  • Step S4086 in response to the connection between the first connected area and the external connected area recorded by the robot, the escape is successful.
  • the grid coordinates of the robot RB under the grid map are updated in real time, and the robot is obtained according to the updated grid coordinates.
  • the first connected area where the RB is located and then it is determined whether the first connected area is connected to the external connected area recorded by the robot RB. If it is found that the first connected area is connected to the external area, it indicates that the escape is successful.
  • the robot escape method may further include the steps:
  • the interval between the first connected area and the largest grid map area recorded by the robot is a preset distance, it is determined that the robot has successfully escaped.
  • the robot RB enters another area (for example, the second area A2) that is not recorded on the current grid map from the door Dr, that is, the robot It is possible that RB has discovered a new area. At this time, entering the new area A2 can also be regarded as being out of trouble.
  • This application sets the interval between the newly discovered area and the largest grid map area recorded by the robot RB at A preset distance is used as a basis for determining whether the robot RB has entered a new area.
  • the preset distance can be 60 cm. If it is greater than or equal to 60 cm, it indicates that the robot RB has entered a new area. This situation can also be regarded as Get out of trouble.
  • the escape method may further include the following steps:
  • the robot RB is controlled to reverse the edge (that is, the direction opposite to the previous edge direction), and the accumulated angle of the robot walking along the edge in the narrow area is recorded.
  • the cumulative angle can be recorded as the first cumulative angle.
  • the escape method may further include the steps:
  • the absolute value of the recorded first cumulative angle>360°+A (A is the edge angle to ensure the robustness of the algorithm, it is generally about 90° to ensure that the robot RB can just go along the wall for more than one point), turn off the infrared sensor of the robot RB, use the collision sensor of the robot RB to edge, and update the grid coordinates of the robot RB in real time, and obtain the connected area according to the updated grid coordinates, and judge Whether the connected area is connected to the outer area; if the recorded absolute value of the second cumulative angle is >360°+A, and the escape is still not successful, it means that the area has been artificially sealed, and the robot RB is controlled to stop. This process can prevent the robot RB from performing useless escape operations for a long time, resulting in energy loss of the robot RB system.

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Abstract

一种机器人(RB)被困检测及脱困方法。被困检测方法包括:建立栅格地图,获取机器人(RB)当前位置在栅格地图下的第一栅格坐标和目标位置在栅格地图下的第二栅格坐标,目标位置为机器人(RB)检测过的位置(S102);根据第一栅格坐标和第二栅格坐标判断机器人(RB)所处的区域是否为封闭状态(S104);响应于机器人(RB)所处的区域为封闭状态,则判断第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的数量(S106);响应于第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域大于或等于两个,则获取第一栅格坐标所处区域的封闭清扫面积(S108);根据封闭清扫面积判断机器人(RB)是否被困于狭窄区域(S110)。可以快速、及时的检测出机器人(RB)是否被困,从而提高机器人(RB)的有效清扫效率,降低系统的能量损耗。

Description

机器人被困检测及脱困方法
本申请要求于2019年07月18日提交中国专利局,申请号为201910649017.2,申请名称为“机器人被困检测及脱困方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及机器人运动控制技术领域,特别是涉及一种机器人被困检测及脱困方法。
背景技术
自主移动机器人是一类利用传感器自主探测周围环境、利用控制器来决定本体的运动、,利用执行机构(如轮子)来实现上述运动的机器人。随着经济和科技的发展,越来越多的清洁机器人已经在家庭得到应用。现有的清洁机器人如在家庭环境中凳子的四条脚、茶几的入口等狭窄区域,清洁机器人若进入这些区域,由于累计误差的存在、碰撞传感器和红外传感器的分辨率低,机器人想从原来的入口离开,只要略有偏差,就容易撞上边角,导致被困于此狭窄区域,而不能清扫家庭中的其他地方。
传统的技术方案在进入狭窄区域后,往往需要很长时间才能检测被困于此,并需要很长时间才能脱离。比如部分机器人采用弓形清扫和沿边清扫结合的方式来缓解狭窄区域被困的问题,即弓形清扫一段时间后,立即切换到沿边清扫方式,此时若机器人被困于狭窄区域,则有可能顺着障碍物的轮廓行走脱离此区域。因此这种方式不能及时发现机器被困于狭窄区域,也无法判断是否能真的脱离此狭窄区域。
另外一些清洁机器人利用精密的距离传感器(如激光雷达)来探测周 围的障碍物轮廓,由于其精度高,虽然机器人存在累计误差和打滑情况,但只要狭窄区域入口并未真正堵住,机器人就能调整姿态,从入口离开此区域。但是这种方式的距离传感器价格昂贵,只能在少部分机器上使用。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对上述问题,提供一种机器人被困检测及脱困方法。
一种机器人被困检测方法,所述方法包括:
建立栅格地图,所述机器人行进过程中实时更新所述栅格地图,获取所述机器人当前位置在所述栅格地图下的第一栅格坐标和目标位置在所述栅格地图下的第二栅格坐标,所述目标位置为所述机器人检测过的位置;
根据所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标判断所述机器人所处的区域是否为封闭状态;
响应于所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的数量;
响应于所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域大于或等于两个,则获取所述第一栅格坐标所处区域的封闭清扫面积;
根据所述封闭清扫面积判断所述机器人是否被困于狭窄区域。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述封闭清扫面积判断所述机器人是否被困于狭窄区域的步骤,包括:
判断所述封闭清扫面积是否小于第一预设阈值;
若是,则判定所述机器人被困于狭窄区域。
在其中一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
响应于所述封闭清扫面积大于所述第一预设阈值,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的面积与最大连通区域的面积之间的比值是否小于第二预设阈值;
若是,则判定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第二预设阈值为0.3-0.4。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标判断所述机器人所处的区域是否为封闭状态的步骤,包括:
判断所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间是否具有路径;
响应于所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间不具有路径,则判定所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态。
基于同样的发明构思,本申请还提供一种机器人脱困方法,所述方法包括:
通过前述所述的机器人被困检测方法,确定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域;
控制所述机器人切换至沿边模式;其中,所述沿边模式下,所述机器人与障碍物或者栅格地图边界之间的距离保持一定;
于所述沿边模式下,所述机器人按照预设的沿边方向进行移动;
在移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标判断所述机器人是否脱困。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据更新后的栅格坐标判断所述机器人是否脱困的步骤,包括:
根据所述更新后的所述栅格坐标获取所述机器人所处的第一连通区域;
判断所述第一连通区域是否与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通;
响应于所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通,则脱困成功。
在其中一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
若所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的最大栅格地图区域之间的间隔在一预设距离,则判定所述机器人脱困成功。
在其中一个实施例中,所述脱困方法还包括:
响应于所述机器人按照当前的沿边方向仍然未能脱困成功;
则控制所述机器人以与当前沿边方向相反的方向继续进行移动;
记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第一累计角度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述机器人包括红外传感器和碰撞传感器;所述脱困方法还包括:
响应于记录到的第一累计角度的绝对值大于预设阈值,则控制所述红外传感器关闭;
通过所述碰撞传感器进行沿边移动,在所述碰撞传感器移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标、并记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第二累计角度,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标和所述第二累计角度判断所述机器人是否脱困;
响应于记录到的第二累计角度的绝对值大于同一预设阈值,则判定所述机器人所处的区域被封死,并控制所述机器人停止工作。
上述机器人被困检测及脱困方法,通过建立栅格地图,先判断机器人是否处于封闭状态,然后获取机器人所在的连通区域的数量,最后获取机器人的封闭清扫面积,并根据封闭清扫面积来判断机器人是否被困在狭窄区域这样层层递进的方式来检验机器人是否被困在狭窄区域;相比于传统的被困检测方法来说,可以快速、及时的检测出机器人是否被困,从而提高机器人的有效清扫效率,降低系统的能量损耗;同时此方法不需要机器人具备精密的距离传感器(如激光雷达),只需要普通的红外或者碰撞传感器即可,所以可以降低机器人的成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明实施例的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为一实施例中的机器人被困检测方法流程示意图;
图2为图1中步骤S110的具体实现方法流程示意图;
图3为图1中步骤S104的具体实现方法流程示意图;
图4为一实施例中的机器人脱困方法流程示意图;
图5为图4中步骤S408的具体实现方法流程示意图;
图6为机器人初始位置时建立的栅格地图;
图7为机器人按照规划的清洁路径进行移动时建立的栅格地图;
图8为机器人按照规划的清洁路径移动到房间门口时建立的栅格地图;
图9为机器人从门口进入狭窄区域进行清洁时建立的栅格地图;
图10为机器人清洁完狭窄区域后建立的栅格地图;
图11为一实施中的机器人脱困示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请,下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施方式。但是,本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本申请的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请。
一般的扫地机器人进入狭窄区域后,往往需要很长时间才能检测被困于此,并需要很长时间才能脱离。比如部分机器人采用弓形清扫和沿边清扫结合的方式来缓解狭窄区域被困的问题,即弓形清扫一段时间后,立即切换到沿边清扫方式,此时若机器人被困于狭窄区域,则有可能顺着障碍物的轮廓 行走脱离此区域。因此这种方式不能及时发现机器被困于狭窄区域,也无法判断是否能真的脱离此狭窄区域。
另外一些清洁机器人利用精密的距离传感器(如激光雷达)来探测周围的障碍物轮廓,由于其精度高,虽然机器人存在累计误差和打滑情况,但只要狭窄区域入口并未真正堵住,机器人就能调整姿态,从入口离开此区域。但是这种方式的距离传感器价格昂贵,只能在少部分机器上使用。
基于此,本申请希望提供一种能够解决上述技术问题的技术方案。本申请所提供的技术方案将在以下实施例中详细说明。
请先参阅图6、7、8、9、10、11。该栅格地图中,RB表示机器人,L1表示第一参考线,带有箭头的虚线表示机器人RB的清扫路线,带有箭头的实线表示机器人RB的脱困路线,A表示栅格地图的边界,B表示障碍物,C表示机器人RB上次记录为障碍不可通过,但实际为可以通过的区域,D表示机器人RB的传感器探测认为能去的区域,E表示机器人RB未探测区域,空白部分表示已经清扫的区域,Dr表示门,A1表示第一区域,A2表示第二区域,T表示目标位置。应当说明的是,本申请中B可能会变化(由于移动障碍或者误差)。
请先参阅图7-图10,如图7所示,机器人RB在清扫过程中,一边清扫一边建立栅格地图,其自带的传感器可以感应前方及左右的共五个栅格坐标(阴影部分),确认相应位置是否有障碍物,若存在障碍物则标识为B,若无障碍物则标识为D。如图8所示,机器人RB行进到门附近,门Dr所在的栅格单元标识为D,表示可以行进,并经由该门Dr进入到第一区域A1。如图9所示,机器人进入到第一区域A1后,由于传感器误差将半掩的门Dr感应为障碍物B/或进入后由于门Dr被关闭使得该栅格单元被感应为障碍物B。由于机器人RB之前由该栅格位置进入第一区域A1,后续才感应到该栅格单元为障碍物B,因而将栅格单元标注为C。如图10所示,机器人RB完成第一区域A1的清扫,其传感器感应到周围的栅格单元要么被清扫,要么为障碍物B或者边界A,因而准备寻找新的区域进行清扫。此时将寻找之前未清扫但已探测过的栅格单元D作为目标位置T,从而开始进行机器人的被困检测和脱困过程。
请同时参阅图1和图7,本申请提供一种机器人被困检测方法。该方法可以包括步骤S102-S110。
步骤S102,建立栅格地图,所述机器人行进过程中实时更新所述栅格地图,获取所述机器人当前位置在所述栅格地图下的第一栅格坐标和目标位置在所述栅格地图下的第二栅格坐标,所述目标位置为所述机器人检测过的位置。
具体地,通常扫地机器人在执行清扫作业的时候,均会按照预设的路径规划进行行走,通过建立栅格地图来计算扫地机器人行走的栅格数,从而可以实现构建地图,记录清扫轨迹,计算清扫面积等功能。本申请也通过建立栅格地图来进行路径规划。在本具体实施例中,机器人开始清扫前,会建立一个带边界的地图,边界标识为A。机器人在清扫过程中,一边清扫一边建立栅格地图,其自带的传感器可以感应前方及左右的共五个栅格坐标(阴影部分),确认相应位置是否有障碍物,若存在障碍物则标识为B,若无障碍物则标识为D。获取机器人当前在所述栅格地图下的位置坐标,记为第一栅格坐标(图未示),以及目标位置在所述栅格地图下的位置坐标,记为第二栅格坐标(图未示)。目标位置为所述机器人检测过、且检测无障碍物的位置,通常,机器人之所以会出现这样一个判断是因为机器人已清扫完当前区域,需要寻找新的清扫区域。
步骤S104,根据所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标判断所述机器人所处的区域是否为封闭状态。
具体地,该步骤S104可以包括子步骤S1042-S1046。
步骤S1042,判断所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间是否具有路径。
步骤S1044,响应于所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间不具有路径,则判定所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态。
具体地,如果所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间不具有路径,则表明机器人所处的区域为封闭状态。
步骤S106,响应于所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的数量。
步骤S108,响应于所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域大于或等于两个,则获取以所述第一栅格坐标为中心,向外层层扩散的封闭清扫面积。
具体地,根据前述步骤确定机器人RB所处的区域为封闭状态之后,可以开始搜索整个栅格地图,获取第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的数量。其中,连通区域指该区域内所有点可以互相连通,外部为障碍或者地图边界的一个区域。如果发现连通区域大于或等于两个,说明还有其他需要清扫的区域;如果当该连通区域为唯一时,说明机器人已经处于唯一的清扫环境下,不需要再跨越到其他区域清扫。然后获取以所述第一栅格坐标为中心,向外层层扩散的封闭清扫面积。
步骤S110,根据所述封闭清扫面积判断所述机器人是否被困于狭窄区域。
具体地,该步骤S110可以包括子步骤S112-S114。
步骤S112,判断所述封闭清扫面积是否小于第一预设阈值。
步骤S114,若是,则判定所述机器人被困于狭窄区域。
具体地,判断获取的封闭清扫面积与第一预设阈值的大小,本申请中,第一预设阈值可以为2平方米,如果获取的封闭清扫面积小于2平方米,则判定机器人RB被困于狭窄区域。
在一个实施例中,该机器人被困检测方法还可以包括步骤:
响应于所述封闭清扫面积大于所述第一预设阈值,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的面积与最大连通区域的面积之间的比值是否小于第二预设阈值;
若是,则判定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域。
具体地,如果获取的封闭清扫面积大于2平方米,但是第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的面积与最大连通区域的面积之间的比值又小于第二预设阈值,本申请中,第二预设阈值可以为0.3-0.4。因为,机器人RB当前所在的连通区域相比最大连通区域的面积来说,小得多,通过机器人RB当前所在的连通区域相比最大连通区域的面积来进行判定也可以判定机器人被困在狭窄区域。如果所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的面积与最大连通区域的面积之间的比值大于0.4,则也可以表明机器人所处的区域不为狭窄区域。
上述机器人被困检测方法,通过建立栅格地图,先判断机器人是否处于 封闭状态,然后获取机器人所在的连通区域的数量,最后获取机器人的封闭清扫面积,并根据封闭清扫面积来判断机器人是否被困在狭窄区域这样层层递进的方式来检验机器人是否被困在狭窄区域,可以快速、及时的检测出机器人是否被困,从而提高机器人的有效清扫效率,降低系统的能量损耗;同时此方法不需要机器人具备精密的距离传感器(如激光雷达),只需要普通的红外或者碰撞传感器即可,所以可以降低机器人的成本。
基于同样的发明构思,请参阅图4,本申请还提供一种机器人脱困方法,该方法可以包括步骤:S402-S408。
步骤S402,通过前述所述的机器人被困检测方法,确定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域。
具体地,可辅助参阅图9,机器人RB按照预设的路径规划进行清扫作业,开始时,机器人RB从狭窄入口(Dr)进入狭窄区域(第一区域A1)进行清扫,此时入口未封闭,机器人RB在狭窄区域清扫的过程中,因移动障碍、误差等原因探测导致狭窄入口被封闭,机器人将其进行标记为状态C;然后此时通过前述的机器人被困检测方法,确定机器人被困在狭窄区域。
步骤S404,控制所述机器人切换至沿边模式;其中,所述沿边模式下,所述机器人与障碍物或者栅格地图边界之间的距离保持一定。
具体地,可先设定机器人RB中的距离传感器(红外传感器)的感应阈值,不停调整机器位置使得该阈值为恒定值,使机器人RB与障碍物或者栅格地图边界之间的距离保持一定,(通常为0.5厘米-1.5厘米),从而实现模式的切换。
步骤S406,于所述沿边模式下,所述机器人按照预设的沿边方向进行移动。
具体地,作为机器人脱困方法中比较重要的沿边方向,可辅助参阅图11,本申请中预设的沿边方向为所述机器人RB当前位置指向瓶颈的方向偏离第一参考线或第二参考线的方向。如图11所示,L1为第一参考线,也就是垂直方向的直线,其中,所述瓶颈为狭窄区域的入口,也就是C,所述第一参考线与所述第二参考线垂直,相应的,第二参考线为水平方向的直线。以图11所示为例,机器人RB当前位置与入口C的连线方向相对于第一参考线L1 来说,位于第一参考线L1的左边,所以,可以设置机器人RB的沿边方向为逆时针旋转(位于右边设置为顺时针旋转)。
步骤S408,在移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标判断所述机器人是否脱困。
具体地,该步骤S408还可以包括子步骤S4082-S4086。
步骤S4082,根据所述更新后的所述栅格坐标获取所述机器人所处的第一连通区域。
步骤S4084,判断所述第一连通区域是否与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通。
步骤S4086,响应于所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通,则脱困成功。
具体地,当机器人RB按照前述确定的沿边方向进行移动的过程中,实时更新所述机器人RB在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标,并且根据更新后的所述栅格坐标获取所述机器人RB所处的第一连通区域,然后判断所述第一连通区域是否与所述机器人RB记录到的外部连通区域连通,如果发现,第一连通区域与外部区域连通,则表明脱困成功。
在一个实施例中,该机器人脱困方法还可以包括步骤:
若所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的最大栅格地图区域之间的间隔在一预设距离,则判定所述机器人脱困成功。
具体地,在遇到狭窄区域的出口被打开(例如门Dr被开启),机器人RB从门Dr进入另外一个未在当前栅格地图记录的区域(例如第二区域A2)下时,也就是机器人RB有可能发现了一个新区域,此时,进入该新区域A2也可以视为脱困,本申请将新发现的区域与所述机器人RB记录到的最大栅格地图区域之间的间隔设定在一预设距离作为判定机器人RB是否进入新区域的一个依据,该预设距离可以为60厘米,如果大于或者等于60厘米,则表明机器人RB进入了一个新的区域,此种情况也可以视为脱困。
在一个实施例中,该脱困方法还可以包括以下步骤:
响应于所述机器人按照当前的沿边方向仍然未能脱困成功;
则控制所述机器人以与当前沿边方向相反的方向继续进行移动;
记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第一累计角度。
具体地,在机器人RB按照当前的沿边方向仍然未能脱困成功的情况下,则控制机器人RB反向沿边(即与前面沿边方向相反的方向),同时纪录机器人在狭窄区域的沿边行走的累计角度,该累计角度可以记为第一累计角度。
进一步地,所述脱困方法还可以包括步骤:
响应于记录到的第一累计角度的绝对值大于预设阈值,则控制所述红外传感器关闭;
通过所述碰撞传感器进行沿边移动,在所述碰撞传感器移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标、并记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第二累计角度,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标和所述第二累计角度判断所述机器人是否脱困;
响应于记录到的第二累计角度的绝对值大于同一预设阈值,则判定所述机器人所处的区域被封死,并控制所述机器人停止工作。
具体地,在机器人RB反向沿边的过程中,若记录到的第一累计角度的绝对值>360°+A(A为保证算法鲁棒性的边缘角度,一般为90°左右,以保证机器人RB能刚好沿墙体一周多点),则关闭机器人RB的红外传感器,利用机器人RB的碰撞传感器进行沿边,同时实时更新机器人RB的栅格坐标,并根据更新的栅格坐标获取连通区域,判断该连通区域是否与外部区域连通;若记录的第二累计角度的绝对值>360°+A,并且仍然未脱困成功,则说明该区域已被人为封死,则控制机器人RB停机。此流程可以避免机器人RB长时间进行无用的脱困操作,导致机器人RB系统的能量损耗。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围 应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种机器人被困检测方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    建立栅格地图,所述机器人行进过程中实时更新所述栅格地图,获取所述机器人当前位置在所述栅格地图下的第一栅格坐标和目标位置在所述栅格地图下的第二栅格坐标,所述目标位置为所述机器人检测过的位置;
    根据所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标判断所述机器人所处的区域是否为封闭状态;
    响应于所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的数量;
    响应于所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域大于或等于两个,则获取所述第一栅格坐标所处区域的封闭清扫面积;
    根据所述封闭清扫面积判断所述机器人是否被困于狭窄区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的机器人被困检测方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述封闭清扫面积判断所述机器人是否被困于狭窄区域的步骤,包括:
    判断所述封闭清扫面积是否小于第一预设阈值;
    若是,则判定所述机器人被困于狭窄区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的机器人被困检测方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    响应于所述封闭清扫面积大于所述第一预设阈值,则判断所述第一栅格坐标所在的连通区域的面积与最大连通区域的面积之间的比值是否小于第二预设阈值;
    若是,则判定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的机器人被困检测方法,其特征在于,所述第二预设阈值为0.3-0.4。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的机器人被困检测方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标判断所述机器人所处的区域是否为封 闭状态的步骤,包括:
    判断所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间是否具有路径;
    响应于所述第一栅格坐标和所述第二栅格坐标之间不具有路径,则判定所述机器人所处的区域为封闭状态。
  6. 一种机器人脱困方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    通过权利要求1-5任一项所述的机器人被困检测方法,确定所述机器人被困在狭窄区域;
    控制所述机器人切换至沿边模式;其中,所述沿边模式下,所述机器人与障碍物或者栅格地图边界之间的距离保持一定;
    于所述沿边模式下,所述机器人按照预设的沿边方向进行移动;
    在移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标判断所述机器人是否脱困。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的机器人脱困方法,其特征在于,所述根据更新后的栅格坐标判断所述机器人是否脱困的步骤,包括:
    根据所述更新后的所述栅格坐标获取所述机器人所处的第一连通区域;
    判断所述第一连通区域是否与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通;
    响应于所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的外部连通区域连通,则脱困成功。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的机器人脱困方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    若所述第一连通区域与所述机器人记录到的最大栅格地图区域之间的间隔在一预设距离,则判定所述机器人脱困成功。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的机器人脱困方法,其特征在于,所述脱困方法还包括:
    响应于所述机器人按照当前的沿边方向仍然未能脱困成功;
    则控制所述机器人以与当前沿边方向相反的方向继续进行移动;
    记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第一累计角度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的机器人脱困方法,其特征在于,所述机器人包括红外传感器和碰撞传感器;所述脱困方法还包括:
    响应于记录到的第一累计角度的绝对值大于预设阈值,则控制所述红外传感器关闭;
    通过所述碰撞传感器进行沿边移动,在所述碰撞传感器移动过程中实时更新所述机器人在所述栅格地图下的栅格坐标、并记录所述机器人在移动过程中沿边行走的第二累计角度,并根据更新后的所述栅格坐标和所述第二累计角度判断所述机器人是否脱困;
    响应于记录到的第二累计角度的绝对值大于同一预设阈值,则判定所述机器人所处的区域被封死,并控制所述机器人停止工作。
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