WO2021008193A1 - 一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器 - Google Patents

一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008193A1
WO2021008193A1 PCT/CN2020/087977 CN2020087977W WO2021008193A1 WO 2021008193 A1 WO2021008193 A1 WO 2021008193A1 CN 2020087977 W CN2020087977 W CN 2020087977W WO 2021008193 A1 WO2021008193 A1 WO 2021008193A1
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Prior art keywords
disc
pin
permanent magnet
guide rod
cage
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PCT/CN2020/087977
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨超君
孙佳杰
吴俊�
陈子清
彭志卓
朱莉
邰蒋西
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to GB2100108.6A priority Critical patent/GB2589782B/en
Publication of WO2021008193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008193A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
    • H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
    • H02K49/046—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with an axial airgap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/108—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with an axial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mechanical transmission, and is a magnetic transmission and speed regulating device that realizes torque transmission through non-contact induction, in particular to a unipolar magnet rotating type adjustable speed cage magnetic coupling. It can be used as a transmission device for torque transmission and speed regulation between a large vibration motor and a load.
  • the magnetic coupling uses the permanent magnetic field and the induced magnetic field to couple to transmit torque. Its unique non-contact transmission can effectively reduce the noise, vibration, friction and wear problems in the traditional mechanical transmission, and greatly improve the transmission device In addition to the service life, there is also the effect of energy saving and environmental protection. Based on the above advantages, magnetic couplings have been widely used in chemical, metallurgy, textile, miners, and transportation industries.
  • Chinese patent 20171041913.7 discloses a disc-type speed-regulating magnetic coupling based on bevel gear transmission and its speed-regulating method.
  • the solid copper disc used in this invention has a circular shape with the same number of poles as the permanent magnet during operation. Induced current, the resulting eddy current loss is relatively large.
  • the speed regulation principle converts the axial displacement of the dial block into the rotation of the large bevel gear sleeve, and realizes the rotation of the permanent magnet through the bevel gear meshing transmission, thereby changing the permanent magnet and the conductor plate
  • the average facing area and the air gap distance between them also change the arrangement of the N and S poles, thereby changing the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation, but due to the limit of the magnet rotation angle, its speed regulation range It is small and cannot meet the requirements of varying degrees of speed regulation.
  • the present invention provides a unipolar magnet rotary adjustable speed cage magnetic coupling.
  • the copper disk adopts a cage-shaped copper disk, and fan-shaped circular currents are generated around all the fan-shaped grooves.
  • the generated eddy current loss is small and the transmission efficiency is high.
  • the fan-shaped groove of the cage-shaped copper disk and the surface of the yoke are small.
  • the bump is an interference fit, and the small bump of the yoke modulates the magnetic field, which further improves the electromagnetic torque of the coupler.
  • the present invention provides three speed regulation modes.
  • the first one is to adjust the air gap between the cage-shaped copper disc and the active disc through the axially moving speed regulation device.
  • the speed regulation mode generally has a larger speed regulation range.
  • the second method is to fix the air gap size to change the angle of the rotating permanent magnet assembly to adjust the facing area between the cage copper disk and the active disk.
  • This speed regulation method is used when the range is small.
  • One is a compound speed control that uses an axial moving speed control device to adjust the size of the air gap between the two discs and change the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnet assembly. This method can make the speed control more accurate. Therefore, the coupler can meet various speed regulation requirements.
  • a single-pole magnet rotary adjustable speed cage magnetic coupling which is composed of a driving disc assembly, a driven disc assembly and an axial movement speed regulating device.
  • the driving disc assembly includes a ring-shaped shift block, a shift block pin, Driving shaft, big bevel gear sleeve, small bevel gear, pinion shaft and permanent magnet assembly, big gear sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, ring shift block is sleeved on the right end of the driving shaft, and the shift block pin is inserted on the ring shift block In the radial circular through hole and keep contact with the inner wall of the chute on the surface of the big gear sleeve and the inner wall of the straight groove on the surface of the driving shaft, the left end of the driving shaft is connected with the driving disc through a key, and the permanent magnet assembly includes embedded permanent magnets And a single-pole rotating permanent magnet assembly, in which a number of magnets with the same magnetizing direction are embedded and installed in the fan-shaped slot on the left end of the
  • the magnet and the small block yoke of equal cross-sectional area are bonded and installed by structural glue and curing agent to form a unipolar magnet rotating assembly.
  • the pinion shaft passes through the circular hole between the single-pole rotating permanent magnet and the small yoke and the axial communication
  • the radial through hole on the inner and outer surface of the hole is installed in the axial through hole of the driving disc.
  • the lower end of the pinion shaft is equipped with a small bevel gear to mesh with a large bevel gear sleeve, and a single pole composed of a single-pole rotating permanent magnet and a small yoke
  • the rotating magnet assembly can rotate around the pinion shaft in the axial through hole.
  • the driven disk assembly includes a driven shaft, a copper disk yoke and a caged copper disk.
  • the right side of the driven shaft is provided with a copper disk yoke and a caged copper disk.
  • the copper disk yoke is connected with the driven shaft through a key.
  • a number of fan-shaped grooves are machined on the surface of the copper plate and connected with small fan-shaped bumps on the yoke of the copper plate.
  • the left side of the cage-type copper disc is also equipped with an axial movement speed regulating device, which includes sleeve, guide rod, guide rod slider, short connecting rod, long connecting rod, base, disc, bearing and disc guide block, bearing installation In the base hole, there is an interference fit between the shaft part of the disc and the bearing.
  • the disc guide block is connected with the long
  • the rods are connected by a pin, and the pin is an interference fit between the two.
  • the long link and the base are also connected by a pin.
  • the pin and the base are in interference fit, and the hole under the long link is an interference fit. Clearance fit, the long link can rotate around the pin, the small hole above the long link is connected with the short link through the pin, the pin and the long link and the short link are respectively interference fit and clearance fit, and the short link can be Rotate around the pin, the small hole above the short link and the guide rod are also connected by a pin.
  • the pin and the short link are interference fit, and there is a clearance fit with the guide rod.
  • the guide rod is sleeved with a guide rod slider , There is a clearance fit between the two, the guide rod and the driven plate assembly are connected by a sleeve, the inner hole on the left side of the sleeve and the guide rod is an interference fit, and the inner ring on the right side of the sleeve is also with the slave The moving shaft is connected. There is an interference fit between the inner ring of the right half of the sleeve and the driven shaft. The inner ring can rotate with the driven shaft, so the driven disc assembly can be adjusted while rotating. When the disc rotates clockwise around the center line of the base hole, it also slides in the disc guide block.
  • the thrust phase begins, that is, the air gap becomes smaller
  • the process corresponds to the stop phase in the arc segment, and the return phase begins when the arc of the inflection point under the arc slot is reached, that is, the process of increasing the air gap.
  • the number of sector grooves on the surface of the cage-shaped copper disk is not equal to the number of magnetic poles on the active disk, thereby avoiding large torque fluctuations.
  • the driven disk adopts a cage-shaped copper disk with a certain number of fan-shaped grooves uniformly opened on its surface.
  • the small bumps on the surface of the copper disk yoke and the fan-shaped slots are interference fit, and the small bumps act on the air gap magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic torque is further improved.
  • the surface of the cage-shaped copper disk generates a ring-shaped induced current along the circumference of the fan-shaped groove, and the generated eddy current loss is small, so that the transmission efficiency of the coupler is further improved.
  • the present invention includes three speed adjustment methods. One is to change the contact area between the magnet and the copper disk through the rotation of the magnet, and the other is to realize the axial movement of the driven disk through the axial movement device to change the distance between the two disks.
  • the speed adjustment method of the air gap size is to use the composite speed adjustment of the air gap size between the axially moving two disks and the rotating permanent magnet. Different speed adjustment methods can meet the speed adjustment requirements of different degrees.
  • the two discs can be adjusted by the axial movement device.
  • the air gap between to reduce the influence of the axial force on the toggle ring slider, making the speed adjustment process of the magnet rotation easier.
  • Fig. 1 is a main sectional view of the working principle of the unipolar magnet rotary adjustable-speed cage magnetic coupling and the overall device except the axial movement device according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimensional assembly model diagram of the monopole magnet rotating adjustable speed cage magnetic coupling of the embodiment
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the three-dimensional model of the magnet rotation speed regulating device of the embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the axial movement speed regulating device
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the axially moving speed regulating device
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the sleeve and the driven shaft
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the rotating pair in the axial movement device
  • Figure 8 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the drive disc assembly of the embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the monopole rotating magnet assembly in the permanent magnet assembly of the embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the cage-shaped copper plate of the embodiment
  • Figure 11 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the copper disc yoke of the embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional assembly schematic diagram of the cage-shaped copper plate and the copper plate yoke of the embodiment
  • the device is composed of a driving disc assembly I and a driven disc assembly II, and the speed regulating device is set in the driving disc assembly I.
  • the driving disc assembly I includes a driving disc 5, an annular shift block 13, a shift block pin 12, a driving shaft 10, a large bevel gear sleeve 9, a small bevel gear 11, a pinion shaft 7 and
  • the permanent magnet assembly 6 the outer surface of the driving shaft 10 is covered with a large gear sleeve 9, and the right end is covered with an annular shift block 13.
  • the surface of the annular shift block 13 is machined with symmetrically distributed circular radial through holes
  • Figure 3 the driving shaft 10 and the large bevel gear sleeve 9 are symmetrically machined with straight grooves and oblique grooves, respectively.
  • the shift block pin 12 is symmetrically inserted into the radial circular through hole on the ring shift block 13 and is connected with the large gear sleeve 9
  • the inner wall of the surface chute and the inner wall of the straight groove on the surface of the driving shaft 10 maintain contact and fit, so that the shift block pin can slide axially in the groove; the left end of the driving shaft 10 is shown to be connected to the driving disc 5 through a key 8, as shown in Figs.
  • the pinion shaft 7 passes through the single-stage rotating permanent magnet.
  • the circular hole between the small yoke and the radial through hole on the inner and outer surface of the axial through hole is installed in the axial through hole of the driving disc 5.
  • the radial through hole on the inner and outer sides of the axial through hole and the pinion gear shaft 7 is a clearance fit, so the unipolar magnet rotating assembly in the permanent magnet assembly 6 can rotate around the pinion shaft 7 in the axial through hole, and the lower end of the pinion shaft 7 is equipped with a small bevel gear 11 and a large bevel gear sleeve
  • the barrel 9 is engaged.
  • the driven disc assembly II in Figures 1 and 2 includes a driven shaft 2, a copper disc yoke 1, a caged copper disc 4, and a copper disc yoke 1 and a caged copper disc 4 are arranged on the right side of the driven shaft.
  • the disk yoke 1 is connected with the driven shaft 2 through the key 3, and the surface of the cage-shaped copper disk 4 is uniformly processed with a number of sector grooves at regular intervals, and the copper disk yoke disk 1 is also uniformly processed with sector shapes corresponding to the sector grooves.
  • the small convex block is fixedly matched with the fan-shaped groove, and the groove and the small convex block are interference fit.
  • the axial moving device is located on the left side of the driven shaft 2.
  • FIG. 4 Its main components are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. It mainly includes a base 14, a long connecting rod 15, a disc guide block 16, a disc 17, and a short connecting rod. 18.
  • the disc guide block 16 and the long connecting rod 15 are connected by a pin 23, and the pin 23 is an interference fit with both At the same time, the long connecting rod 15 and the base 14 are also connected by a pin 23.
  • the pin 23 is an interference fit with the base 14 and is a clearance fit with the hole under the long connecting rod 15.
  • the long connecting rod 15 can wrap around the pin 23
  • the center line a rotates, the small hole above the long connecting rod 15 is connected with the short connecting rod 18 through the pin 23.
  • the pin 23 and the long connecting rod 15 and the short connecting rod 18 are respectively interference fit and clearance fit, and the short connecting rod 18 is below
  • the pin 23 can be rotated around the center line c of the pin 23.
  • the small hole above the short link 18 and the guide rod 20 are also connected by a pin 23. There is an interference fit between the pin 23 and the short link 18 and between the pin 23 and the guide rod 20.
  • a guide rod slider 19 is sleeved on the guide rod 20, and a clearance fit is adopted between the two.
  • the disc guide block 16 swings back and forth under the drive of the disc 17, and there is a gap between the disc guide block 16 and the long connecting rod 15.
  • the long link 15 is driven by the disc guide block 16 to rotate around the center line a of the base pin 23, while the short link 18 is driven by the long link 15 to rotate around the center line c of the pin 23.
  • the guide rod 20 is driven to move axially back and forth in the guide rod slider 19.
  • the left side of the sleeve 21 is in an interference fit with the long guide rod 20, and the right end is in an interference fit with the driven shaft 2, so the guide rod 20 can drive the cage-shaped copper disk 4 makes a reciprocating movement in the axial direction.
  • the driven shaft 2 in Figure 6 can drive the inner ring of the right part of the sleeve 21 to rotate together, so that the cage-shaped copper disk 4 can rotate while realizing axial reciprocating movement.
  • the arc section at the upper inflection point of the arc groove of the disc guide block 16 corresponds to the speed regulation process of reducing the air gap
  • the middle arc The segment corresponds to the process where the air gap remains unchanged
  • the arc segment at the lower inflection point corresponds to the speed regulation process where the air gap becomes larger.
  • Speed control principle There are three speed control methods for the magnetic coupling in this article, one is through the rotation of the magnet, the other is the axial movement, and the third is the combined speed control of the magnet rotation and axial movement.
  • the first is the speed control method.
  • the principle is: slowly move the ring-shaped shift block 13 along the axial direction, and the shift block pin 12 also slides in the surface chute of the large gear sleeve 9 and the surface straight groove of the driving shaft 10, because the shift block pin 12 is sliding
  • the pinion shaft 7 is driven to rotate together with the unipolar rotating permanent magnet assembly in the permanent magnet assembly 6.
  • the second speed regulation method is: the disc 17 rotates around the center of the circular hole on the base 14, while the disc 17 slides in the circular arc groove of the disc guide block 16, when the disc 17 is in the circular arc groove
  • the disc guide 16 swings to the right and reaches the limit position (at this time the air gap also reaches the minimum position), on the contrary, the disc 17 is at the inflection point under the arc groove
  • the disc guide block 16 drives the long connecting rod 15 around the center line b of the pin 23
  • the short connecting rod 18 rotates around the center line c of the pin 23, so
  • the guide rod 20 can also drive the driven disk assembly to move axially left and right while the guide rod 20 moves back and forth. Move to adjust the size of the air gap between the main and driven disc assembly to achieve speed control.
  • the third speed control method is to use the above two speed control methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及机械传动领域，是一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器。本发明中，铜盘采用笼型铜盘，其所有扇形槽周围产生扇形状的环形电流，其产生的涡流损耗较小，传动效率较高，笼型铜盘的扇形槽与轭铁表面的小凸块为过盈配合，轭铁小凸块对磁场起到调制作用，进一步提高了耦合器的电磁转矩。耦合器提供了三种调速方式，第一种是通过轴向移动装置调节铜盘与永磁盘两者间的气隙大小，第二种是固定气隙大小改变旋转永磁体的转角进而调节导体盘和永磁体盘之间的正对面积，第三种是采用轴向移动两盘间的气隙大小与旋转永磁体的复合调速，因此耦合器可满足不同程度的调速要求。

Description

一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器 技术领域
本发明涉及机械传动领域，是一种通过非接触式感应实现扭矩传递的磁力传动及调速装置，具体是一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器。它可用于振动大的电机和负载之间作为扭矩传递和调速的传动装置。
背景技术
磁力耦合器利用永磁磁场与感应磁场相互耦合来传递扭矩，其独特的非接触式传动可有效地减小传统机械传动中存在的噪声、振动、摩擦磨损等问题，极大地提高了传动装置的使用寿命，除此之外还有节能环保的作用，基于上述优点，磁力耦合器已经广泛应用于化工、冶金、轻纺、矿工、以及交通运输等行业。
在中国专利20171041913.7中公开了一种基于锥齿轮传动的盘式调速磁力耦合器及其调速方法，该发明中采用的实心铜盘，运行时其表面产生与永磁体极数相同的圆形状感应电流，产生的涡电流损耗较大，其调速原理通过将拨块的轴向位移转变为大锥齿轮套筒的转动，通过锥齿轮啮合传动实现永磁体的旋转进而改变永磁体与导体盘之间的平均正对面积及气隙间距，同时也改变了N、S极的排布方式，从而改变了气隙磁密以实现调速，但是由于其磁体旋转的角度限制，其调速范围较小，不能满足不同程度的调速要求。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器。本发明中，铜盘采用笼型铜盘，其所有扇形槽周围产生扇形状的环形电流，其产生的涡流损耗较小，传动效率较高，笼型铜盘的扇形槽与轭铁表面的小凸块为过盈配合，轭铁小凸块对磁场起到调制作用，进一步提高了耦合器的电磁转矩。
本发明中提供了三种的调速方式，第一种是通过轴向移动调速装置调节笼型铜盘与主动盘两者间的气隙大小，该调速方式一般在调速范围较大的时候采用，第二种是固定气隙大小改变旋转永磁体总成的转角进而调节笼型铜盘和主动盘之间的正对面积，该调速方式在范围较小的时候采用，第三种是采用轴向移动调速装置调节两盘间的气隙大小与改变旋转永磁体总成的转角的复合调速，该方式可以使调速更精确。因此耦合器可满足不同程度的调速要求。
本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其由主动盘总成、从动盘总成和轴向移动调速装置组成，主动盘总成包括环形拨块、拨块销、主动轴、大锥齿轮套筒、小锥齿轮，小齿轮轴与永磁体总成，主动轴上套有大齿轮套筒，主动轴右端套有环形拨块，拨块销插在环形拨块上的径向圆形通孔中并且与大齿轮套筒表面斜槽内壁和主动轴表面直槽内壁保持接触配合，主动轴左端通过键与主动盘连接，永磁体总成中包括嵌入安装的永磁体以及单极旋转永磁体总成，其中若干个充磁方向相同的磁体嵌入安装在主动盘左端面的扇形槽中，每两个嵌入安装的磁体之间开有轴向通孔用于安装与其数目相同的单极旋转永磁体，单极旋转永磁体采用轴向充磁且充磁方向与嵌入安装的永磁体相反，从而主动盘上呈N、S极交替的磁体排布方式，单极旋转永磁体与等截面面积的小块轭铁通过结构胶和固化剂粘结安装构成单极磁体旋转总成，小齿轮轴通过单极旋转永磁体与小块轭铁之间的圆孔以及轴向通孔内外表面的径向通孔安装在主动盘的轴向通孔中，小齿轮轴下端装有小锥齿轮与大锥齿轮套筒啮合，单极旋转永磁体以及小块轭铁构成的单极旋转磁体总成可在轴向通孔中绕着小齿轮轴旋转。
从动盘总成包括从动轴、铜盘轭铁和笼型铜盘，从动轴右侧设置有铜盘轭铁与笼型铜盘，铜盘轭铁通过键与从动轴连接，笼型铜盘表面加工有若干扇形槽并与铜盘轭铁上的扇形小凸块配合连接。笼型铜盘左边也设有轴向移动调速装置，其包括套筒、导杆、导杆滑块、短连杆、长连杆、底座、圆盘、轴承和圆盘导块，轴承安装在底座孔中，圆盘的轴部分与轴承之间为过盈配合，圆盘绕底座孔转动的同时在表面设有圆弧通槽的圆盘导块中滑动，圆盘导块与长连杆之间通过销钉连接，销钉与两者之间均为过盈配合，同时长连杆与底座之间也通过销钉连接，销钉与底座之间为过盈配合，与长连杆下方的孔为间隙配合，长连杆可以绕销钉转动，长连杆上方小孔通过销钉与短连杆连接，销钉与长连杆和短连杆之间分别为过盈配合和间隙配合，短连杆下方可绕销钉转动，短连杆上方小孔与导杆之间也采用销钉连接，销钉与短连杆之间为过盈配合，与导杆之间为间隙配合，导杆上套有导杆滑块，两者之间为间隙配合，导杆与从动盘总成之间通过套筒连接，套筒左侧内孔与导杆之间为过盈配合，套筒右侧内圈同时也与从动轴连接，套筒右半部分的内圈与从动轴之间为过盈配合，内圈可随着从动轴一起转动，因此从动盘总成在转动的同时又可以进行调速。圆盘绕着底座孔中心线顺时针转动的同时也在圆盘导块中滑动，当圆盘经过圆盘导块圆弧通槽的上拐点圆弧处开始推程 阶段，即气隙变小的过程，在圆弧段时对应停歇阶段，到达圆弧通槽下拐点圆弧处时开始返程阶段，即气隙变大的过程。
所述笼型铜盘表面的扇形槽数目不与主动盘上的磁极数目相等，从而避免较大的转矩波动。
工作原理：当环形拨块处于大锥齿轮套筒表面斜槽的最右端时，主动盘总成由电机驱动并转动，同时永磁体总成转动产生旋转磁场，根据法拉第电磁感应定律，笼型铜盘相对磁场做切割磁感线运动，从而笼型铜盘表面沿着扇形槽周围产生环形感应电流，环形感应电流产生了感应磁场与永磁体总成的磁场相互耦合并产生电磁转矩从而带动从动盘总成整体转动。
本发明的优点
(1)主动盘总成与从动盘总成之间实现非接触传递电磁转矩，有效避免了传动机械联轴器中出现的摩擦磨损以及振动等问题，极大地提高了传动部件的使用寿命，同时还可实现电机软起动以及过载保护。
(2)从动盘采用笼型铜盘，其表面均匀开设有一定数目的扇形槽，铜盘轭铁表面的小凸块与扇形槽之间为过盈配合，小凸块对气隙磁场起到调制作用，进一步提高了电磁转矩，笼型铜盘表面沿着扇形槽周围产生环形感应电流，其产生的涡流损耗较小，使得耦合器的传动效率得到进一步提高。
(3)本发明中包括三种调速方式，一是通过磁体旋转改变磁体与铜盘接触面积的调速方式，二是通过轴向移动装置实现从动盘轴向移动进而改变两盘之间气隙大小的调速方式，三是采用轴向移动两盘间的气隙大小与旋转永磁体的复合调速，不同的调速方式可满足不同程度的调速要求。
(4)主从动盘之间存在较大的轴向力，而磁体旋转的调速过程中需要克服轴向力的影响拨动环形拨块，本发明中可以通过轴向移动装置调节两盘之间的气隙以减小轴向力对拨动环形滑块的影响，使磁体旋转的调速过程变得更加容易。
附图说明
以下结合附图及实施例对发明进一步说明
图1为本发明实施例的单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器工作原理及除轴向移动装置外的整体装置主剖视图
图2为实施例的单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器三维装配模型图
图3为实施例的磁体旋转调速装置三维模型爆炸图
图4为轴向移动调速装置的三维模型图
图5为轴向移动调速装置的三维爆炸图
图6为套筒与从动轴的配合示意图
图7为轴向移动装置中转动副的连接示意图
图8为实施例的主动盘总成的三维模型图
图9为实施例的永磁体总成中单极旋转磁体总成的三维结构示意图
图10为实施例的笼型铜盘的三维模型图
图11为实施例的铜盘轭铁的三维模型图
图12为实施例的笼型铜盘与铜盘轭铁的三维装配示意图
1、铜盘轭铁，2、从动轴，3、键3，4、笼型铜盘，5、主动盘，6、永磁体总成，7、小齿轮轴，8、键8，9、大锥齿轮套筒，10、主动轴，11、小锥齿轮，12、拨块销，13、环形拨块，14、底座，15、长连杆，16、圆盘导块，17、圆盘，18、短连杆，19、导杆滑块，20、导杆，21、套筒，22、轴承，23、销钉。
具体实施方式
图1中，该装置由主动盘总成I及从动盘总成组成II，调速装置设置在主动盘总成I。图1和图2中，所述主动盘总成I包括主动盘5、环形拨块13、拨块销12、主动轴10、大锥齿轮套筒9、小锥齿轮11，小齿轮轴7与永磁体总成6，主动轴10外表面套有大齿轮套筒9，右端套有环形拨块13，图4中，环形拨块13表面加工有对称分布的圆形径向通孔，图3中，主动轴10及大锥齿轮套筒9表面分别对称加工有直槽和斜槽，拨块销12对称插在环形拨块13上的径向圆形通孔中并且与大齿轮套筒9表面斜槽内壁和主动轴10表面直槽内壁保持接触配合，从而拨块销可以在槽内进行轴向滑动；所示主动轴10左端通过键8与主动盘5连接，图3和图7中，四个充磁方向相同的永磁体嵌入安装在主动盘5左端面的扇形槽中，每两个磁体之间开设有轴向通孔用于安装单级旋转永磁体，单级旋转永磁体与小块轭铁之间采用粘结方式固定连接，考虑到温度因素和强度因素，采用乐泰326结构胶与7649固化剂配合使用，7649固化剂可以使胶水的短期固化时间缩短，为了达到使用要求粘结后需等待24h，单级旋转永磁体的充磁方向与嵌入安装的永磁体相反，从而主动盘上呈N、S极交替的磁体排布方式，小齿轮轴7通过单级旋转永磁体与小块轭铁之间的圆孔以及轴向通孔内外表面的径向通孔安装在主动盘5的轴向通孔中，轴向通孔内外侧的径向通孔与小齿轮齿轴 7为间隙配合，故永磁体总成6中的单极磁体旋转总成可在轴向通孔中绕着小齿轮轴7旋转，小齿轮轴7下端装有小锥齿轮11与大锥齿轮套筒9啮合。图1和图2中从动盘总成II包括从动轴2、铜盘轭铁1、笼型铜盘4，从动轴右侧设置有铜盘轭铁1与笼型铜盘4，铜盘轭铁1通过键3与从动轴2连接，笼型铜盘4表面每隔一定的角度均匀加工有若干扇形槽，并且铜盘轭铁盘1上也均匀加工有与扇形槽对应的扇形小凸块与扇形槽固定配合，槽与小凸块之间为过盈配合。图2中，轴向移动装置位于从动轴2的左侧，其主要组成见图4和图5，主要包括底座14，长连杆15，圆盘导块16，圆盘17，短连杆18，导杆滑块19，导杆20，套筒21以及轴承22，其中轴承22固定安装在底座14中，圆盘17与轴承22之间为过盈配合，圆盘17绕着轴承22的中心转动，同时圆盘17在圆盘导块16的圆弧通槽中滑动，圆盘导块16与长连杆15之间通过销钉23连接，销钉23与两者之间均为过盈配合，同时长连杆15与底座14之间也通过销钉23连接，销钉23与底座14之间为过盈配合，与长连杆15下方的孔为间隙配合，长连杆15可以绕销钉23的中心线a转动，长连杆15上方小孔通过销钉23与短连杆18连接，销钉23与长连杆15和短连杆18之间分别为过盈配合和间隙配合，短连杆18下方可绕销钉23的中心线c转动，短连杆18上方小孔与导杆20之间也采用销钉23连接，销钉23与短连杆18之间为过盈配合，与导杆20之间为间隙配合，导杆20上套有导杆滑块19，两者间采用间隙配合。圆盘17在圆盘导块16的圆弧通槽中滑动的过程中，圆盘导块16在圆盘17的带动下左右往返摆动，圆盘导块16与长连杆15之间为过盈配合，因此长连杆15在圆盘导块16的带动下绕着底座销钉23中心线a转动，同时短连杆18在长连杆15的带动下绕着销钉23的中心线c转动，进而带动导杆20在导杆滑块19中轴向往返运动，套筒21左边与长导杆20过盈配合，右端与从动轴2过盈配合，因此导杆20能够带动笼型铜盘4沿轴向做往返运动，与此同时，图6中从动轴2可带动套筒21右部分内圈一起转动，这样子可实现笼型铜盘4转动的同时实现轴向往返移动。圆盘17在圆盘导块16的圆弧通槽滑动的过程中，圆盘导块16的圆弧槽的上拐点处的圆弧段对应气隙减小的调速过程，中间的圆弧段对应着气隙不变的过程，下拐点处的圆弧段对应着气隙变大的调速过程。
工作原理:当环形拨块13处于大锥齿轮套筒表面斜槽的最右端时，主动盘总成I由电机驱动并旋转，同时永磁体总成6旋转产生旋转磁场，根据法拉第电 磁感应定律，笼型铜盘4相对磁场做切割磁感线运动，从而笼型铜盘4表面扇形槽周围产生了环形感应电流，环形感应电流产生了感应磁场与永磁体总成6产生的磁场相互耦合并产生电磁转矩从而带动从动盘总成II整体转动。
调速原理:本文的磁力耦合器存在三种调速方式，一是通过磁体旋转方式，二是轴向移动方式，三是磁体旋转以及轴向移动复合调速方式，第一种调速方式的原理为：沿着轴向缓慢拨动环形拨块13，同时拨块销12也在大齿轮套筒9的表面斜槽内及主动轴10的表面直槽内滑动，由于拨块销12在滑动的过程中带动大锥齿轮套筒转动，接着通过大锥齿轮套筒9与小锥齿轮11的啮合转动进而带动小齿轮轴7连同永磁体总成6中的单极旋转永磁体总成一起转动，进而改变永磁体总成6中单极旋转永磁体总成和笼型铜盘4的正对面积以及平均气隙厚度，同时也逐渐改变永磁体的排布方式，进而完成调速过程。第二种调速方式为：圆盘17绕着底座14上的圆孔中心转动，同时圆盘17在圆盘导块16的圆弧通槽中滑动，当圆盘17在圆弧通槽中圆弧槽上拐点处的圆弧段滑动的过程中，圆盘导块16向右摆动并达到极限位置(此时气隙也达到最小的位置)，反之圆盘17在圆弧槽下拐点处的圆弧段滑动的过程中圆盘导块16向左摆动并达到极限位置(此时气隙到达最大的位置)，圆盘导块16又带动长连杆15绕着销钉23的中心线b转动，同时短连杆18绕销钉23的中心线c转动，从而短连杆18拖动导杆20沿着固定安装的导杆滑块19轴向移动，套筒21左边内孔与导杆20之间，右边内圈与从动轴2之间均为过盈配合，从动轴2随内圈一起转动，因此导杆20往返运动的同时也能够带动从动盘总成进行轴向的左右移动，从而调节主、从动盘总成间的气隙大小以实现调速，第三种调速方式则是综合采用以上两种调速。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于，所述耦合器由主动盘总成、从动盘总成和轴向移动调速装置组成；
    主动盘总成包括环形拨块、拨块销、主动轴、大锥齿轮套筒、小锥齿轮，小齿轮轴与永磁体总成，主动轴上套有大齿轮套筒，主动轴右端套有环形拨块，拨块销插在环形拨块上的径向圆形通孔中并且与大齿轮套筒表面斜槽内壁和主动轴表面直槽内壁保持接触配合，主动轴左端通过键与主动盘连接，永磁体总成中包括嵌入安装的永磁体以及单极旋转永磁体总成，其中若干个充磁方向相同的磁体嵌入安装在主动盘左端面的扇形槽中，每两个嵌入安装的磁体之间开有轴向通孔用于安装与其数目相同的单极旋转永磁体，单极旋转永磁体采用轴向充磁且充磁方向与嵌入安装的永磁体相反，从而主动盘上呈N、S极交替的磁体排布方式，单极旋转永磁体与等截面面积的小块轭铁通过结构胶和固化剂粘结安装构成单极磁体旋转总成，小齿轮轴通过单极旋转永磁体与小块轭铁之间的圆孔以及轴向通孔内外表面的径向通孔安装在主动盘的轴向通孔中，小齿轮轴下端装有小锥齿轮与大锥齿轮套筒啮合，单极旋转永磁体以及小块轭铁构成的单极旋转磁体总成可在轴向通孔中绕着小齿轮轴旋转；
    从动盘总成设有轴向移动调速装置，其包括套筒、导杆、导杆滑块、短连杆、长连杆、底座、圆盘、轴承和圆盘导块，轴承安装在底座孔中，圆盘的轴部分与轴承之间为过盈配合，圆盘绕底座孔转动的同时在表面设有圆弧通槽的圆盘导块中滑动，圆盘导块与长连杆之间通过销钉连接，同时长连杆与底座之间也通过销钉连接，长连杆可以绕销钉转动，长连杆上方小孔通过销钉与短连杆连接，短连杆下方可绕销钉转动，短连杆上方小孔与导杆之间也采用销钉连接，导杆上套有导杆滑块，导杆与从动盘总成之间通过套筒连接，套筒右边内圈与从动轴，左边内孔与导杆之间均为过盈配合连接，因此套筒内圈可带动从动轴轴向移动的同时一起转动，从而从动盘总成在转动的同时又可以进行调速。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于，从动盘总成包括从动轴、铜盘轭铁和笼型铜盘，从动轴右侧设置有铜盘轭铁与笼型铜盘，铜盘轭铁通过键与从动轴连接，笼型铜盘表面加工有若干扇形槽并与铜盘轭铁上的扇形小凸块配合连接，扇形槽与扇形小凸块为过盈配合，笼型铜盘表面的扇形槽周围产生了感应电流，具体表现为沿着扇形槽形成闭合环形电流；笼型铜盘左边设有轴向移动调速装置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于，圆盘导块与长连杆之间通过销钉连接，销钉与圆盘导块与长连杆之间均为过盈配合；长连杆与底座之间也通过销钉连接，销钉与底座之间为过盈配合，与长连杆下方的孔为间隙配合；长连杆上方小孔通过销钉与短连杆连接，销钉与长连杆和短连杆之间分别为过盈配合和间隙配合；短连杆上方小孔与导杆之间也采用销钉连接，销钉与短连杆之间为过盈配合，与导杆之间为间隙配合；导杆上套有导杆滑块，两者之间为间隙配合；导杆与从动盘总成之间通过套筒连接，套筒左侧内孔与导杆之间为过盈配合，套筒右侧内圈同时也与从动盘的从动轴连接，套筒右半部分的内圈与从动轴之间为过盈配合。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于：所述耦合器的调速方式有三种，第一种是通过轴向移动调速装置调节笼型铜盘与主动盘两者间的气隙大小，该调速方式一般在调速范围较大的时候采用，第二种是固定气隙大小改变单极旋转永磁体总成的转角进而调节笼型铜盘和主动盘之间的正对面积，该调速方式在范围较小的时候采用，第三种是采用轴向移动调速装置调节两盘间的气隙大小与改变旋转永磁体总成的转角的复合调速，该方式可以使调速更精确。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于：轴向移动装置为摆动导杆机构，圆盘绕着底座孔中心线顺时针转动的同时也在圆盘导块中滑动，当圆盘经过圆盘导块圆弧通槽的上拐点圆弧处开始推程阶段，即气隙变小的过程，在圆弧段时对应停歇阶段，到达圆弧通槽下拐点圆弧处时开始返程阶段，即气隙变大的过程。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于：所述笼型铜盘表面的扇形槽数目不与主动盘上的磁极数目相等，从而避免较大的转矩波动。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的一种单极磁体旋转式可调速笼型磁力耦合器，其特征在于：第一种调速方式的原理为：沿着轴向缓慢拨动环形拨块，同时拨块销也在大齿轮套筒的表面斜槽内及主动轴的表面直槽内滑动，由于拨块销在滑动的过程中带动大锥齿轮套筒转动，接着通过大锥齿轮套筒与小锥齿轮的啮合转动进而带动小齿轮轴连同永磁体总成中的单极旋转永磁体总成一起转动，进而改变永磁体总成中单极旋转永磁体总成和笼型铜盘的正对面积以及平均气隙厚度，同时也逐 渐改变永磁体的排布方式，进而完成调速过程；第二种调速方式的原理为：圆盘绕着底座上的圆孔中心转动，同时圆盘在圆盘导块的圆弧通槽中滑动，当圆盘在圆弧通槽中圆弧槽上拐点处的圆弧段滑动的过程中，圆盘导块向右摆动并达到极限位置，此时气隙大小也达到最小的位置，反之圆盘在圆弧槽下拐点处的圆弧段滑动的过程中圆盘导块向左摆动并达到极限位置，此时气隙到达最大的位置；圆盘导块又带动长连杆绕着销钉的中心线转动，同时短连杆绕销钉的中心线转动，从而短连杆拖动导杆沿着固定安装的导杆滑块轴向移动，套筒左边内孔与导杆之间，右边内圈与从动轴之间均为过盈配合，从动轴随内圈一起转动，因此导杆往返运动的同时也能够带动从动盘总成进行轴向的左右移动，从而调节主、从动盘总成间的气隙大小以实现调速。
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