WO2021008124A1 - 一种可移动式山药种植箱和工厂化山药种植方法 - Google Patents

一种可移动式山药种植箱和工厂化山药种植方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008124A1
WO2021008124A1 PCT/CN2020/072127 CN2020072127W WO2021008124A1 WO 2021008124 A1 WO2021008124 A1 WO 2021008124A1 CN 2020072127 W CN2020072127 W CN 2020072127W WO 2021008124 A1 WO2021008124 A1 WO 2021008124A1
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Prior art keywords
yam
box
planting
frame
soil
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PCT/CN2020/072127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨发展
杨云鹏
李维华
刘国华
赵国栋
王黎阳
牟家宏
张娜
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青岛理工大学
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Publication of WO2021008124A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008124A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/08—Devices for filling-up flower-pots or pots for seedlings; Devices for setting plants or seeds in pots
    • A01G9/088—Handling or transferring pots

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of yam cultivation, in particular to a movable yam planting box and an industrialized yam planting method.
  • Yam also known as yam, is a perennial herb with a cylindrical tuber that grows vertically with a growth depth of 0.8-1.2m. Yam is rich in nutrients and is a green plant suitable for both medicine and food.
  • the demand for yam has also risen simultaneously, but the annual output of yam has not increased significantly. The reason is that the production efficiency of the yam planting and harvesting process is low. There is no suitable machinery for automated planting and harvesting. Most planting work still requires a lot of labor. However, with the increase in labor costs, it is difficult to guarantee economic benefits, resulting in a decline in planting power of yam growers, resulting in yam The planting area is decreasing year by year, and the annual output is naturally difficult to increase.
  • the present invention solves the need to dig deep trenches in traditional yam planting by developing a movable yam planting box and a movable box-type yam planting method.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a movable yam planting box and an industrialized yam planting method, which can overcome the traditional deep trench planting and harvesting of yam. It is a difficult problem that the damage rate remains high, and it provides a feasible method for factory planting of yam.
  • a movable yam planting box includes a fixed frame, a left frame, a right frame and a front frame.
  • the left frame, the right frame and the front frame are hinged on the fixed frame to form a
  • the middle and upper parts between the left frame, right frame and the fixed frame, and the middle and upper parts between the left frame, right frame and the front frame are all equipped with a fastening mechanism. It is locked and fixed, the bottom surface and four sides of the box body are provided with lining boards, and the box body is filled with yam planting soil.
  • the buckle mechanism includes a hook seat, a T-shaped buckle bolt, a groove plate, and a buckle nut.
  • the hook seat is fixed on the left frame or the right frame
  • the T-shaped buckle bolt It comprises a hinge rod and a locking bolt, the two ends of the hinge rod are hinged in the hook seat, the groove plate is fixed on the fixed frame or the front frame, and the groove plate is provided with positioning grooves, The locking bolt can be locked by the locking nut after being movably locked in the positioning slot.
  • the bottom of the positioning slot in the slot plate is provided with a counterbore that can prevent the buckle nut from loosening.
  • the lining board includes a board processed from sawdust plywood, splicing board, old building template or recycled board.
  • the outer dimensions of the box body are 1.5-2 meters in length, 0.5-0.6 meters in width, and 1.2-2 meters in height.
  • the method for planting yam in factory using the above-mentioned movable yam planting box includes the following steps:
  • Pre-planting treatment Fill the box with the pre-sterilized soil, fill the original soil and the mixed fertilizer soil in layers during the filling process, and then compact the soil in the box to fit the yam Porosity of growth, soak the soil in the box;
  • Yam planting and management According to the density of 5-6 plants per meter, yam seed buds are placed on the soil in the box, and then covered with a layer of 0.12-0.15m thick original soil, and the box After the yam seedlings are unearthed 10-20cm, move the yam planting box to a planting point with good light conditions outside the shed, build a yam vine climbing bracket on the box, and conduct planting management according to the growth habits of the yam , Preventing pests and diseases;
  • Yam harvesting remove the green yam seedlings, move the planting box to the harvesting site to collect soil for reuse, loosen the fastening mechanism on the front frame, open the front frame, and knock the box body to make the box inside The soil is loose, and the soil in the box is gradually discharged and harvested to pick up the yam. After the yam is collected, all the soil in the box is poured out;
  • the layered filling process of the original soil and the mixed fertilizer soil is as follows: first fill the box with at least 0.25m thick original soil, and then fill at least 0.15m thick mixed soil Next, fill in at least 0.25m thick original soil, then fill in at least 0.15m thick compost soil, and finally fill in 0.25m thick original soil.
  • step S3 when the boxes are moved to the greenhouse for sprouting, the boxes are stacked in a concentrated layer in the greenhouse for management.
  • the present invention designs a movable yam planting box suitable for yam planting.
  • the movable box-type yam planting method has no special requirements for the placement of the yam planting box, so it can be placed in traditional agricultural operations such as deserted beaches and saline-alkali land. Planting on unusable land can make full use of land resources;
  • the movable yam planting box of the present invention has a reasonable structure, is convenient to use, and is very suitable for factory planting. When yam is planted, it is not necessary to ditch planting like traditional planting methods;
  • the movable yam planting box of the present invention is made by using a large number of waste furniture boards, old construction templates, plywood, construction waste and other materials to improve the utilization rate of waste resources. At the same time, the biological effects of the crop roots can greatly degrade the waste materials to achieve Green, low-carbon, resource recycling, etc.;
  • the present invention can conveniently adjust the density of yam planting boxes through mobile equipment such as forklifts. For example, it can be arranged densely in the early stage of planting, and the light required after the yam plant is climbing in the later stage. When there is more water and fertilizer, it can be placed sparsely to fully improve the utilization rate of sunlight and provide space utilization rate of the site;
  • the present invention can precisely control the amount of water and fertilizer in each box during the yam planting process, the planting management is convenient and efficient, and it can improve the quality of the yam and better prevent pests and diseases;
  • the present invention can facilitate the harvesting of yam as long as the yam planting box is opened, the harvesting labor intensity is low, the production efficiency is high, and the damage rate of the yam during harvest is low.
  • the yam planting method of the present invention is convenient for planting and harvesting, has high planting and harvesting production efficiency, has a low damage rate of yam during harvest, can ensure the high quality of yam, and improve the value of yam.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable yam planting box of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fastening mechanism part of the movable yam planting box of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of soil layering in the movable yam planting box of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable yam planting boxes stacked in the greenhouse;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the mobile yam planting box placed outdoors for planting
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the growing state of yam in the movable yam planting box
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable yam planting box when unpacking the yam raw materials.
  • a movable yam planting box includes a fixed frame 1, a left frame 2, a right frame 3 and a front frame 4.
  • the left frame 2, the right frame 3 and the front frame 4 is hinged on the fixed frame 1 through a hinge 5 to form an open box body 10, the middle and upper parts between the left side frame 2, the right side frame 3 and the fixed frame 1, the left side
  • the middle and upper parts between the frame 2, the right frame 3 and the front frame 4 are all provided with a buckle mechanism 6 for locking and fixing.
  • the bottom surface and four sides of the box body 10 are provided with lining plates 7, and
  • the lining board 7 can be fixed on the inner side and bottom of the fixed frame 1 by buckling or screws, and fixed on the inner side of the left side frame 2, the right side frame 3 and the front frame 4, and the fixed frame 1, the left side frame 2, and the right side frame 3
  • the front frame 4 is made of corrosion-resistant metal material, and the box body 10 is filled with yam planting soil.
  • the buckling mechanism 6 includes a hook seat 61, a T-shaped buckling bolt 62, a groove plate 63, and a buckling nut 64.
  • the hook seat 61 is fixed on the left frame 2 or the right frame 3.
  • the T-shaped buckling bolt 62 includes a hinge rod 621 and a locking bolt 622. Both ends of the hinge rod 621 are hinged in the hook seat 61, and the groove plate 63 is fixed on the fixed frame 1 or the front frame 4
  • a positioning card slot 631 is provided in the card slot plate 63, and the locking bolt 622 is movably locked in the positioning card slot 631 and can be locked by the locking nut 64.
  • the bottom of the positioning slot 631 in the slot plate 63 is provided with a counterbore 632 that can prevent the locking nut 64 from loosening.
  • the lining board 7 includes a board processed from sawdust plywood, splicing board, old construction template or recycled board, and the thickness of the lining board 7 is 0.1-0.15m.
  • the outer dimensions of the box body 10 are 1.5-2 meters in length, 0.5-0.6 meters in width, and 1.2-2 meters in height.
  • the method for planting yam in factory using the above-mentioned movable yam planting box includes the following steps:
  • Pre-planting treatment Fill the box 10 with the soil that has been pre-sterilized and disinfected, as shown in Figure 3. During the filling process, fill the original soil and the mixed fertilizer soil in layers, and then fill The soil in the box is compacted to a porosity suitable for the growth of yam, and the soil in the box is irrigated with water;
  • Yam planting and management As shown in Figure 4-6, according to the density of 5-6 plants per meter, yam seed buds are placed on the soil in the box 10, and then covered with a layer of 0.12-0.15 m-thick original soil, move the box body 10 to the greenhouse for sprouting. After the yam seedlings are unearthed 10-20cm, move the yam planting box to the planting point outside the shed with good light conditions, and build the yam vine on the box. Climbing brackets, planting management according to the growth habits of yam, the growth process can be automatic operation with integrated water and fertilizer irrigation, and prevention and control of pests and diseases;
  • Yam harvesting remove the green yam seedlings, move the planting box to the harvesting site to collect the soil for reuse, as shown in Figure 7, loosen the fastening mechanism 6 on the front frame 4, and open the front frame 4. Knock the box body 10 to loosen the soil in the box, gradually drain the soil in the box and harvest the yam, and pour out all the soil in the box after the yam is harvested;
  • the original soil and mixed fertilizer soil are filled in layers: first fill the box with at least 0.25m thick original soil, then fill at least 0.15m thick mixed soil, and then fill it again Fill in at least 0.25m thick original soil, then at least 0.15m thick mixed fertilizer soil, and finally fill in 0.25m thick original soil.
  • the box body 10 When the box body 10 is moved to the greenhouse for sprouting in the step S3, the box body 10 is stacked in layers in the greenhouse for management.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

一种可移动式山药种植箱，包括固定框架(1)、左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)，左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)通过合页(5)铰接在所述固定框架(1)上围合成具有一敞口的箱体(10)，左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和固定框架(1)之间的中部和上部、左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)之间的中部和上部都设有扣合机构(6)进行锁紧固定，箱体(10)内的底面和四个侧面都设有内衬板(7)，箱体(10)内填充有山药种植土壤。该种植箱提高了废旧资源的利用率、能够充分利用土地资源、能够更好的防治病虫害。还公开了相关的工厂化山药种植方法。该山药种植方法种植、采收方便，生产效率高，收获时山药损伤率低。

Description

一种可移动式山药种植箱和工厂化山药种植方法 技术领域
本发明涉及山药栽培技术领域，尤其涉及一种可移动式山药种植箱和工厂化山药种植方法。
背景技术
山药，又称薯蓣，多年生草本植物，块茎圆柱形，垂直生长，生长深度可达0.8-1.2m。山药含有丰富的营养元素，是一种老少咸宜的药食两用绿色植物。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对山药的需求量也在同步上升，但山药的年产量却并未有明显的增加，究其原因，在于山药的种植与收获过程生产效率低，目前还没有适宜的机械来进行自动化的种植和收获，大部分的种植工作仍需要使用大量的人工，然而随着用工费用的增加，经济效益难易保障，导致山药种植户种植动力下降，造成了山药的种植面积逐年下降，年产量自然难于提高。
因此，如何提高山药种植与收获过程的生产效率，是解决当前山药种植产业化发展难题的关键一步。采用目前传统的山药种植方法，山药种植时均需要在地里开挖0.8-1.2m深的沟，使山药块茎生长得尽量长来增加亩产量和提高品质，开沟深度很大程度上决定了山药块茎的生长的长度。这一传统种植方法虽然能提高山药的亩产和单株质量，却为山药的收获过程制造了巨大的难题，因为收获时面临如何将山药从一米多深的土壤里高效率挖出，并且在挖掘过程 中对山药的损伤又要降至最低或者无损伤的难题。
针对上述难题，本发明通过开发一种可移动式山药种植箱和可移动箱体式山药种植方法来解决传统山药种植中需要开挖深沟、在收获过程中劳动强度大、收获效率低、山药损伤率高的难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种可移动式山药种植箱和工厂化山药种植方法，能够克服传统山药开深沟种植及收获中开挖深沟劳动强度大、生产效率低以及收获中损伤率居高不下的难题，并且为山药工厂化种植提供可行的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种可移动式山药种植箱，包括固定框架、左侧框、右侧框和前框，所述左侧框、右侧框和前框通过合页铰接在所述固定框架上围合成具有一敞口的箱体，所述左侧框、右侧框和固定框架之间的中部和上部、所述左侧框、右侧框和前框之间的中部和上部都设有扣合机构进行锁紧固定，所述箱体内的底面和四个侧面都设有内衬板，所述箱体内填充有山药种植土壤。
进一步的，所述扣合机构包括卡勾座、T形扣合螺栓、卡槽板和扣合螺母，所述卡勾座固定在左侧框或右侧框上，所述T形扣合螺栓包括铰接杆和锁紧螺栓，所述铰接杆的两端铰接在所述卡勾座中，所述卡槽板固定在固定框架或前框上，所述卡槽板中设有定位卡槽，所述锁紧螺栓活动卡设在所述定位卡槽中后能够通过所述扣合螺母锁紧。
进一步的，所述卡槽板中的定位卡槽底部设有能够防止所述扣合螺母松脱的沉孔。
进一步的，所述内衬板包括由锯末胶合板、拼接板、建筑旧模板或再生板加工而成的板材。
进一步的，所述箱体外形尺寸为长1.5-2米，宽0.5-0.6米，高1.2-2米。
利用上述的可移动式山药种植箱的工厂化山药种植方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1、可移动式山药种植箱装配和消毒；
S2、种前处理：将预先进行灭菌消毒处理后的土壤填入所述箱体内，在填入过程中将原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入，再将箱内土壤压实至适合山药生长的疏松度，箱内土壤浇透水；
S3、山药种植与管理：按照每米5～6株的密度，将山药种芽摆放在所述箱体内的土壤上，然后盖上一层0.12～0.15m厚的原土壤，将所述箱体移动至温室大棚内进行催芽，待山药秧苗出土10-20cm后将山药种植箱移动到棚外光照条件良好的种植点，在箱体上搭建山药藤攀爬支架，按照山药生长习性进行种植管理，防治病虫害；
S4、山药收获：除去山药绿秧，将种植箱移到收获场地便于收集土壤再次利用，松开所述前框上的扣合机构，打开所述前框，敲击所述箱体使箱内土壤疏松，逐步将箱内土壤排出并收获捡拾山药，山药采收后将箱内土壤全部倒 出；
S5、清理所述箱体，更换损坏的内衬板，再装配好箱体以便循环利用。
进一步的，所述S2步骤种前处理时，原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入过程为：先在箱内填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，然后填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，其次再填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，再填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，最后再填入0.25m厚的原土壤。
进一步的，所述S3步骤将所述箱体移动至温室大棚内进行催芽时，所述箱体集中分层堆叠在温室大棚内进行管理。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明通过设计一个适合山药种植的可移动式山药种植箱，可移动箱体式山药种植方法对山药种植箱的放置地块没有特殊要求，因此可以放置在荒滩、盐碱地等传统农业作业无法利用的土地上进行种植，能够充分利用土地资源；
2、本发明可移动式山药种植箱结构合理，使用方便，非常适合工厂化种植使用，山药种植时无需像传统种植方法那样开沟种植；
3、本发明可移动式山药种植箱大量使用废旧家具板材、建筑旧模板、胶合板、建筑废料等材料制作，提高了废旧资源的利用率，同时通过作物根部的生物作用可大幅降解处理废料，达到绿色、低碳、资源循环利用等作用；
4、本发明在山药种植过程中能够方便的通过移动设备如叉车等调整山药 种植箱之间的疏密程度，如在种植前期可以布置的较为密集，待后期山药植株爬架后所需光照、水肥较多时可以摆放的较为稀疏，以充分提高太阳光的利用率，提供场地空间利用率；
5、本发明在山药种植过程中能够精量控制每个箱体中的水肥用量，种植管理方便高效，能够提高山药的质量和更好的防治病虫害；
6、本发明在山药成熟后，只要拆开山药种植箱就能方便采收山药，采收劳动强度低，生产效率高，收获时山药损伤率低。
总之，本发明山药种植方法种植、采收方便，种植、采收生产效率高，收获时山药损伤率低，能够保证山药的高品质，提高山药价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明可移动式山药种植箱的结构示意图；
图2为本发明可移动式山药种植箱扣合机构部分的结构示意图；
图3为本发明可移动式山药种植箱中土壤分层的结构示意图；
图4为本可移动式山药种植箱在温室内堆放的结构示意图；
图5为本可移动式山药种植箱在室外种植摆放的结构示意图；
图6为本可移动式山药种植箱中山药生长状态的纵向剖视图；
图7为本可移动式山药种植箱开箱收获山药生时的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、固定框架；2、左侧框；3、右侧框；4、前框；5、合页；6、扣合机构；61、卡勾座；62、T形扣合螺栓；621、铰接杆；622、锁紧螺栓；63、卡 槽板；631、定位卡槽；632、沉孔；64、扣合螺母；7、内衬板。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明：
参见图1-7所示，一种可移动式山药种植箱，包括固定框架1、左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4，所述左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4通过合页5铰接在所述固定框架1上围合成具有一敞口的箱体10，所述左侧框2、右侧框3和固定框架1之间的中部和上部、所述左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4之间的中部和上部都设有扣合机构6进行锁紧固定，所述箱体10内的底面和四个侧面都设有内衬板7，内衬板7可以通过扣合或螺钉固定在固定框架1内侧和底部、以及固定在左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4的内侧，固定框架1、左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4采用耐腐蚀的金属材料制成，所述箱体10内填充有山药种植土壤。
所述扣合机构6包括卡勾座61、T形扣合螺栓62、卡槽板63和扣合螺母64，所述卡勾座61固定在左侧框2或右侧框3上，所述T形扣合螺栓62包括铰接杆621和锁紧螺栓622，所述铰接杆621的两端铰接在所述卡勾座61中，所述卡槽板63固定在固定框架1或前框4上，所述卡槽板63中设有定位卡槽631，所述锁紧螺栓622活动卡设在所述定位卡槽631中后能够通过所述扣合螺母64锁紧。所述卡槽板63中的定位卡槽631底部设有能够防止所述扣合螺母64松脱的沉孔632。
所述内衬板7包括由锯末胶合板、拼接板、建筑旧模板或再生板加工而成 的板材，所述内衬板7的厚度为0.1-0.15m。
所述箱体10外形尺寸为长1.5-2米，宽0.5-0.6米，高1.2-2米。
利用上述的可移动式山药种植箱的工厂化山药种植方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1、可移动式山药种植箱装配和消毒；装配前更换损坏或降解的内衬板7，再将固定框架1、左侧框2、右侧框3和前框4通过合页5、扣合机构6装配锁固成箱体10；
S2、种前处理：将预先进行灭菌消毒处理后的土壤填入所述箱体10内，参见图3所示，在填入过程中将原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入，再将箱内土壤压实至适合山药生长的疏松度，箱内土壤浇透水；
S3、山药种植与管理：参见图4-6所示，按照每米5～6株的密度，将山药种芽摆放在所述箱体10内的土壤上，然后盖上一层0.12～0.15m厚的原土壤，将所述箱体10移动至温室大棚内进行催芽，待山药秧苗出土10-20cm后将山药种植箱移动到棚外光照条件良好的种植点，在箱体上搭建山药藤攀爬支架，按照山药生长习性进行种植管理，生长过程可以采用水肥一体化灌溉方式进行自动作业，以及防治病虫害；
S4、山药收获：除去山药绿秧，将种植箱移到收获场地便于收集土壤再次利用，参见图7所示，松开所述前框4上的扣合机构6，打开所述前框4，敲击所述箱体10使箱内土壤疏松，逐步将箱内土壤排出并收获捡拾山药，山药采收后将箱内土壤全部倒出；
S5、清理所述箱体10，更换损坏的内衬板7，再装配好箱体以便循环利用。
前述S2步骤种前处理时，原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入过程为：先在箱内填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，然后填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，其次再填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，再填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，最后再填入0.25m厚的原土壤。
前述S3步骤将所述箱体10移动至温室大棚内进行催芽时，所述箱体10集中分层堆叠在温室大棚内进行管理。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种可移动式山药种植箱，其特征在于：包括固定框架(1)、左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)，所述左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)通过合页(5)铰接在所述固定框架(1)上围合成具有一敞口的箱体(10)，所述左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和固定框架(1)之间的中部和上部、所述左侧框(2)、右侧框(3)和前框(4)之间的中部和上部都设有扣合机构(6)进行锁紧固定，所述箱体(10)内的底面和四个侧面都设有内衬板(7)，所述箱体(10)内填充有山药种植土壤。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可移动式山药种植箱，其特征在于：所述扣合机构(6)包括卡勾座(61)、T形扣合螺栓(62)、卡槽板(63)和扣合螺母(64)，所述卡勾座(61)固定在左侧框(2)或右侧框(3)上，所述T形扣合螺栓(62)包括铰接杆(621)和锁紧螺栓(622)，所述铰接杆(621)的两端铰接在所述卡勾座(61)中，所述卡槽板(63)固定在固定框架(1)或前框(4)上，所述卡槽板(63)中设有定位卡槽(631)，所述锁紧螺栓(622)活动卡设在所述定位卡槽(631)中后能够通过所述扣合螺母(64)锁紧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种可移动式山药种植箱，其特征在于：所述卡槽板(63)中的定位卡槽(631)底部设有能够防止所述扣合螺母(64)松脱的沉孔(632)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可移动式山药种植箱，其特征在于：所述内衬板(7)包括由锯末胶合板、拼接板、建筑旧模板或再生板加工而成的板 材。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可移动式山药种植箱，其特征在于：所述箱体(10)外形尺寸为长1.5-2米，宽0.5-0.6米，高1.2-2米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可移动式山药种植箱的工厂化山药种植方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    S1、可移动式山药种植箱装配和消毒；
    S2、种前处理：将预先进行灭菌消毒处理后的土壤填入所述箱体(10)内，在填入过程中将原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入，再将箱内土壤压实至适合山药生长的疏松度，箱内土壤浇透水；
    S3、山药种植与管理：按照每米5～6株的密度，将山药种芽摆放在所述箱体(10)内的土壤上，然后盖上一层0.12～0.15m厚的原土壤，将所述箱体(10)移动至温室大棚内进行催芽，待山药秧苗出土10-20cm后将山药种植箱移动到棚外光照条件良好的种植点，在箱体上搭建山药藤攀爬支架，按照山药生长习性进行种植管理，防治病虫害；
    S4、山药收获：除去山药绿秧，将种植箱移到收获场地便于收集土壤再次利用，松开所述前框(4)上的扣合机构(6)，打开所述前框(4)，敲击所述箱体(10)使箱内土壤疏松，逐步将箱内土壤排出并收获捡拾山药，山药采收后将箱内土壤全部倒出；
    S5、清理所述箱体(10)，更换损坏的内衬板(7)，再装配好箱体以便循环利用。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种工厂化山药种植方法，其特征在于：所述S2步骤种前处理时，原土壤和混肥土壤分层填入过程为：先在箱内填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，然后填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，其次再填入至少0.25m厚的原土壤，再填入至少0.15m厚的混肥土壤，最后再填入0.25m厚的原土壤。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种工厂化山药种植方法，其特征在于：所述S3步骤将所述箱体(10)移动至温室大棚内进行催芽时，所述箱体(10)集中分层堆叠在温室大棚内进行管理。
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