WO2021007873A1 - 一种高维调制下的分层编码方法 - Google Patents

一种高维调制下的分层编码方法 Download PDF

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WO2021007873A1
WO2021007873A1 PCT/CN2019/096925 CN2019096925W WO2021007873A1 WO 2021007873 A1 WO2021007873 A1 WO 2021007873A1 CN 2019096925 W CN2019096925 W CN 2019096925W WO 2021007873 A1 WO2021007873 A1 WO 2021007873A1
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layer
encoder
under high
data stream
serial
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王新梅
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杭州泽铭睿股权投资有限公司
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Priority to US17/390,423 priority Critical patent/US20210384920A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/35Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
    • H03M13/353Adaptation to the channel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • H03M13/256Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with trellis coding, e.g. with convolutional codes and TCM
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M9/00Parallel/series conversion or vice versa
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0059Convolutional codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/007Unequal error protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of communication coding, and particularly relates to a layered coding method under high-dimensional modulation.
  • error correction codes In the field of digital communication, the use of error correction codes to correct errors that occur during data transmission is a widely used error control technology.
  • error correction coding encodes binary data, and the performance of the coding is determined by the minimum Hamming distance of the codeword set.
  • Ungerboeck proposes an encoding method to increase the Euclidean distance of the modulated signal sequence without increasing the system bandwidth by increasing the redundant information obtained by increasing the modulation dimension.
  • the present invention proposes a new method of hierarchical coding under high-dimensional modulation, which can effectively balance transmission error rates at different levels to achieve the best performance of the system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hierarchical coding method under high-dimensional modulation.
  • the encoders of each layer can have the same coding speed.
  • the data is transferred to the encoder of the higher layer for protection until the highest layer, which solves the problems of low encoding rate, poor error correction capability and poor performance of the existing multi-layer encoder.
  • the present invention is a layered coding method under high-dimensional modulation, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The serial data input terminal inputs a serial data stream to the serial-to-parallel converter
  • Step S2 The data stream processed by the serial-to-parallel converter is input to the multi-layer encoder
  • Step S3 The encoders of each layer are related to each other and information is transferred under high-dimensional modulation
  • Step S4 After processing by the encoders of each layer, the data stream is input to the modulator for modulation mapping processing;
  • Step S5 finally output from the output terminal of the modulator.
  • the serial data input terminal is used to supply a serial data stream of a data bit sequence;
  • the serial-to-parallel converter is used to convert the serial data stream of a data bit sequence into a parallel data stream.
  • the multi-layer encoder includes a base layer processor and at least one enhancement layer processor; the enhancement layer processor includes an enhancement layer encoder and at least two reference processing units.
  • the encoder of the lower layer needs to encode the data of the current layer, and at the same time, the information of the encoder should be transmitted to the encoder of the higher layer;
  • the encoder not only encodes the data of this layer and the encoding information of the lower layer, but also transmits the information of the encoder of this layer to the encoder of the higher layer, up to the highest layer of encoder.
  • the number of layers of the multi-layer encoder is not less than 3 layers.
  • the encoder includes a non-systematic convolutional code encoder and a systematic convolutional code encoder; both the non-systematic convolutional code encoder and the systematic convolutional code encoder are expressed in octal numbers.
  • the modulation mapping process is used to process the data stream into a high-frequency signal for signal transmission.
  • the present invention relates the multi-layer encoders to each other, and each layer of encoders encodes the data of this layer while transmitting the data to the encoder of the higher layer for protection until the highest layer, which improves the multi-layer Layer encoder coding rate, error correction capability and performance of processing data.
  • the multi-layer coding structure of the present invention makes the encoders of each layer no longer independent of each other, getting rid of the original requirement that each layer encoder must have different coding strengths, so that the multi-layer encoder has the same coding rate and error correction.
  • This kind of mutual information transfer makes a natural balance between the coding capabilities of each layer.
  • Figure 1 is a basic coding structure of hierarchical coding under high-dimensional modulation of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a 1/2 rate (15,13) non-systematic convolutional code encoder in the first embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a system convolutional code encoder with 1/2 rate (15,13) in the second embodiment
  • Figure 4 is the third embodiment, a ((15, 13), 12; (15, 13)) non-systematic code two-layer encoder;
  • Figure 5 is the third embodiment, a ((15,13),12; (15,13)) system code two-layer encoder;
  • Figure 6 shows the result of a computer simulation of a two-layer coding scheme taking quaternary continuous phase 4CPFSK modulation as an example.
  • the present invention is a hierarchical coding method under high-dimensional modulation, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The serial data input terminal inputs a serial data stream to the serial-to-parallel converter
  • Step S2 The data stream processed by the serial-to-parallel converter is input to the multi-layer encoder
  • Step S3 The encoders of each layer are related to each other and information is transferred under high-dimensional modulation
  • Step S4 After processing by the encoders of each layer, the data stream is input to the modulator for modulation mapping processing;
  • Step S5 finally output from the output terminal of the modulator.
  • step S1 the serial data input terminal is used to supply the serial data stream of the data bit sequence; the serial-to-parallel converter is used to convert the serial data stream of the data bit sequence into a parallel data stream.
  • the multi-layer encoder includes a base layer processor and at least one enhancement layer processor; the enhancement layer processor includes an enhancement layer encoder and at least two reference processing units.
  • step S3 in the multi-layer encoder, the encoder of the lower layer needs to encode the data of the current layer, and at the same time, the information of the encoder is transferred to the encoder of the higher layer; the encoder of the higher layer is not only It is necessary to encode the data of this layer and the coding information of the lower layer, and at the same time pass the information of the encoder of this layer to the encoder of the higher layer, up to the encoder of the highest layer.
  • the number of layers of the multi-layer encoder is not less than 3 layers.
  • the encoder includes a non-systematic convolutional code encoder and a systematic convolutional code encoder; both the non-systematic convolutional code encoder and the systematic convolutional code encoder are expressed in octal numbers.
  • step S4 the modulation mapping process is used to process the data stream into a high-frequency signal for signal transmission.
  • every 1-bit input data b generates 2-bit outputs c1 and c0. Since the input data sequence is no longer originally reproduced in the output sequence of the encoder, this kind of coding is called a non-systematic convolutional code.
  • c1 and c0 will be deleted according to certain rules.
  • D2 ⁇ D0 are 3-stage shift registers, which represent modulo-2 adders. For convolutional codes, the order of the register and the coding rate determine the error correction capability of the code.
  • Encoders of convolutional codes can usually be expressed in octal numbers. First observe the connection relationship between the output and input terminals of D2 ⁇ D0-the connected point is marked as 1, and the unconnected point is marked as 0. Then every 3 points from right to left form a group, so the connection relationship between xor0 and D2 ⁇ D0 can be expressed by the octal number 15. In the same way, the connection relationship between xor1 and D2 ⁇ D0 can be represented by the octal number 13; therefore, the encoder can be represented by (15, 13).
  • the two-layer encoder is expressed in the format (C0, I0; C1), where C0 is the octal representation of encoder 0; I0 It is the octal representation of the information transmitted by encoder 0; C1 is the octal representation of encoder 1.
  • the octal representation of I0 is based on the same rules as the octal representation of the encoder;
  • FIG. 6 taking quaternary continuous phase 4CPFSK modulation as an example to carry out a computer simulation of a two-layer coding scheme.
  • a 4CPFSK modulation symbol carries two-bit digital information (m1m0) with four values; modulation mapping adopts ⁇ 00, 01, 10, 11 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -3, -1, +3, +1 ⁇ .
  • the modulation index is 1/4.
  • a hierarchical encoder with good Euclidean distance.
  • a 4-level register non-systematic (31, 35) convolutional code is used, and the two-level coding rate is 4/5.
  • the two-layer convolutional code with information transfer is ((31, 35), 25; (31, 35)).
  • the 4CPFSK curve in the figure is an uncoded system.
  • the coding scheme ((31, 35), 0; (31, 35)) without information transmission is also simulated.
  • different encoders can be used for the two layers of coding;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,涉及通信编码技术领域。本发明包括如下步骤:步骤S1:串行数据输入端向串并转换器输入串行数据流;步骤S2:串并转换器处理后的数据流输入多层编码器;步骤S3:各层编码器之间相互关联并在高维调制下进行信息的传递;步骤S4:各层编码器处理后将数据流输入调制器进行调制映射处理;步骤S5:最终从调制器输出端输出。本发明通过将多层编码器之间相互关联,每一层编码器对本层数据进行编码的同时将数据传递到高一层的编码器进行保护直至到最高一层,提高了多层编码器编码速率、纠错能力以及处理数据的性能。

Description

一种高维调制下的分层编码方法 技术领域
本发明属于通信编码技术领域,特别是涉及一种高维调制下的分层编码方法。
背景技术
在数字通信领域中,使用纠错编码去纠正数据传输过程中发生的误码是一种被广泛采用的差错控制技术。通常纠错编码是对二进制数据进行编码,而编码的性能好坏由码字集合的最小汉明距离(Hamming distance)决定。Ungerboeck在他的先驱性文献中指出:在高维调制(即一个调制符号携带着多个比特的信息数据)的情况下,决定编码的性能好坏的因素不是汉明距离,而是欧氏距离(Euclidean distance),即编码调制后的信号在传输空间上的实际距离。Ungerboeck提出了一种在不增加系统带宽的情况下通过提高调制维数而获得的冗余信息去提高调制信号序列的欧氏距离的编码方法。
在高维调制的情况下,不同层次上的数据通常具有不同的传输错误概率。通常越低层次上的数据具有越高的错误概率。因此分层编码方案通常在不同的层次上配备不同强度的编码器—越低的层次配备越强的编码,所以分层编码又通常被称为不等保护度编码。但是如何平衡不同层次上的传输错误概率以达到系统的最佳性能是一件困难的事情。
对此本发明提出了一种高维调制下分层编码的新方法,能够有效平衡不同层次上的传输错误率达到系统的最佳性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,通过将多层编码器之间相互关联,使各层编码器之间能够具有相同的编码速度,每一层编码器对本层数据进行编码的同时将数据传递到高一层的编码器进行保护直至到最高一层,解决了现有的多层编码器编码速率低、纠错能力差以及性能不佳的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明为一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1:串行数据输入端向串并转换器输入串行数据流;
步骤S2:串并转换器处理后的数据流输入多层编码器;
步骤S3:各层编码器之间相互关联并在高维调制下进行信息的传递;
步骤S4:各层编码器处理后将数据流输入调制器进行调制映射处理;
步骤S5:最终从调制器输出端输出。
优选地,所述步骤S1中,所述串行数据输入端用于供给数据比特序列的串行数据流;所述串并转换器用于将数据比特序列的串行数据流转换成并行数据流。
优选地,所述步骤S2中,多层编码器包括基础层处理器和至少一个增强层处理器;所述增强层处理器包括增强层编码器和至少两个参考处理单元。
优选地,所述步骤S3中,在多层编码器中,较低层的编码器需要对本层的数据进行编码,同时要将编码器的信息传递到高一层的编码器中;较高层的编码器不但要对本层的数据及低一层的编码信息进行编码,同时要 将本层编码器的信息传递到更高一层的编码器中,直至最高一层编码器。
优选地,所述多层编码器的层数不少于3层。
优选地,所述编码器包括非系统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器;所述非系统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器均采用八进制数进行表述。
优选地,所述步骤S4中,调制映射处理用于将数据流处理到高频信号中来进行信号传输。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过将多层编码器之间相互关联,每一层编码器对本层数据进行编码的同时将数据数据传递到高一层的编码器进行保护直至到最高一层,提高了多层编码器编码速率、纠错能力以及处理数据的性能。
(2)本发明的多层编码结构使各层编码器之间不在相互独立,摆脱了原先各层编码器必须具有不同编码强度的规定,这样多层编码器具有了相同的编码速率以及纠错能力,这种相互的信息传递,使各层编码能力之间达成了一种自然的平衡。
当然,实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的一种高维调制下的分层编码的基本编码结构;
图2为本实施例一中,一个1/2速率(15,13)的非系统卷积码编码器;
图3为本实施例二中,一个1/2速率(15,13)的系统卷积码编码器;
图4为本实施例三中,一个((15,13),12;(15,13))非系统码两层编码器;
图5为本实施例三中,一个((15,13),12;(15,13))系统码两层编码器;
图6为以四进制连续相位4CPFSK调制为例对两层编码方案进行了计算机仿真的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1所示,本发明为一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1:串行数据输入端向串并转换器输入串行数据流;
步骤S2:串并转换器处理后的数据流输入多层编码器;
步骤S3:各层编码器之间相互关联并在高维调制下进行信息的传递;
步骤S4:各层编码器处理后将数据流输入调制器进行调制映射处理;
步骤S5:最终从调制器输出端输出。
其中,步骤S1中,串行数据输入端用于供给数据比特序列的串行数据 流;串并转换器用于将数据比特序列的串行数据流转换成并行数据流。
其中,步骤S2中,多层编码器包括基础层处理器和至少一个增强层处理器;增强层处理器包括增强层编码器和至少两个参考处理单元。
其中,步骤S3中,在多层编码器中,较低层的编码器需要对本层的数据进行编码,同时要将编码器的信息传递到高一层的编码器中;较高层的编码器不但要对本层的数据及低一层的编码信息进行编码,同时要将本层编码器的信息传递到更高一层的编码器中,直至最高一层编码器。
其中,多层编码器的层数不少于3层。
其中,编码器包括非系统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器;非系统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器均采用八进制数进行表述。
其中,步骤S4中,调制映射处理用于将数据流处理到高频信号中来进行信号传输。
本实施例的一个具体应用为:
实施例一
请参阅图2所示,每1比特输入数据b产生2比特的输出c1及c0。由于输入数据序列不再原始地重现在编码器的输出序列中,这种编码被称为非系统卷积码。当编码速率提高时,c1及c0会遵循一定的规则进行删除。图中D2~D0是3级移位寄存器,而代表模2加的加法器。对卷积码而言,寄存器的阶数及编码速率决定了该编码的纠错能力。
卷积码的编码器通常可用八进制数进行表述。首先观察D2~D0输出、输入端的连接关系—连接的点记为1、无连接的记为0。然后由右至左每3点为一组,这样xor0与D2~D0的连接关系便可由八进制数15表述。同理, xor1与D2~D0的连接关系便可由八进制数13表述;所以该编码器可用(15,13)表示。
实施例二
请参阅图3所示,一个1/2速率系统码的卷积码编码器,编码后的信息位保持不变。由于xor0及xor1与D2~D0的连接关系与错误!未找到引用源。相同,因此编码器的八进制表述与图二的编码器相同。当采用更高的编码速率时,只需按一定的比例删除一定数量的校验比特c。
实施例三
请参阅图4-5所示,两层编码在进行编码器之间信息传递时,将两层编码器以格式(C0,I0;C1)来表述,其中C0为编码器0的八进制表示;I0为编码器0传递的信息的八进制表示;C1为编码器1的八进制表示。I0的八进制表述与编码器的八进制表述基于相同的规则;
实施例四
请参阅图6所示,以四进制连续相位4CPFSK调制为例对两层编码方案进行了计算机仿真。一个4CPFSK调制符号携带两比特数字信息(m1m0)共有四种取值;调制映射采用{00,01,10,11}→{-3,-1,+3,+1}。调制指数采用1/4。首先我们需要选择具有良好欧氏距离的分层编码器。在仿真中采用了4阶寄存器的非系统(31,35)卷积码,两层编码速率均取4/5。具有信息传递的两层卷积码为((31,35),25;(31,35))。图中4CPFSK曲线为未编码系统。为对比起见,对不具有信息传递的编码方案((31,35),0;(31,35))也进行了仿真。实际上,两层编码可采用不同的编码器;
由图6对比可以看出,当信噪比较低时多层编码之间的信息传递并没有明显的效果。因为此时4/5速率的编码对信道噪声而言不具有足够强的能力,上层编码并没有多余的能力分享给下层编码。随着信噪比的增加,没有信息传递的系统的误码性能主要由底层编码的性能左右。这时将高层编码器的多余能力分配到低层编码上去即可获得两层编码能力之间的良好平衡。
仿真结果表明:多层编码之间的信息传递对系统的误码性能的提高有着显著的效果。当调制维数提高时,这种效果会愈加显著。经过多次反复试验发现,在四进制连续相位调制的情况下,非系统卷积码(13,11)、(31,35)、(35,35)及系统卷积码(15,6)、(35,15)、(21,13)的欧氏距离特性最好。
值得注意的是,上述系统实施例中,所包括的各个单元只是按照功能逻辑进行划分的,但并不局限于上述的划分,只要能够实现相应的功能即可;另外,各功能单元的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分,并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
另外,本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述各实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,相应的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然,根据本说明书的内容,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使 所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤S1:串行数据输入端向串并转换器输入串行数据流;
    步骤S2:串并转换器处理后的数据流输入多层编码器;
    步骤S3:各层编码器之间相互关联并在高维调制下进行信息的传递;
    步骤S4:各层编码器处理后将数据流输入调制器进行调制映射处理;
    步骤S5:最终从调制器输出端输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,所述串行数据输入端用于供给数据比特序列的串行数据流;所述串并转换器用于将数据比特序列的串行数据流转换成并行数据流。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,多层编码器包括基础层处理器和至少一个增强层处理器;所述增强层处理器包括增强层编码器和至少两个参考处理单元。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,在多层编码器中,较低层的编码器需要对本层的数据进行编码,同时要将编码器的信息传递到高一层的编码器中;较高层的编码器不但要对本层的数据及低一层的编码信息进行编码,同时要将本层编码器的信息传递到更高一层的编码器中,直至最高一层编码器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述多层编码器的层数不少于3层。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述编码器包括非系统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器;所述非系 统卷积码编码器和系统卷积码编码器均采用八进制数进行表述。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高维调制下的分层编码方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,调制映射处理用于将数据流处理到高频信号中来进行信号传输。
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