WO2021007807A1 - 显示基板及其驱动方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

显示基板及其驱动方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021007807A1
WO2021007807A1 PCT/CN2019/096363 CN2019096363W WO2021007807A1 WO 2021007807 A1 WO2021007807 A1 WO 2021007807A1 CN 2019096363 W CN2019096363 W CN 2019096363W WO 2021007807 A1 WO2021007807 A1 WO 2021007807A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
charged particles
display substrate
microcup
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/096363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王哲
马青青
田超
许睿
李硕
王敏
袁祥
李林玉
任海洲
田海洋
王凯锋
高一男
秦国杰
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/050,302 priority Critical patent/US11783790B2/en
Priority to CN201980001079.0A priority patent/CN110520791B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/096363 priority patent/WO2021007807A1/zh
Publication of WO2021007807A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021007807A1/zh

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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1685—Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
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    • G09G2300/0421—Structural details of the set of electrodes
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    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
    • G09G2310/0254—Control of polarity reversal in general, other than for liquid crystal displays
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    • G09G2310/08—Details of timing specific for flat panels, other than clock recovery
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G2320/0242—Compensation of deficiencies in the appearance of colours
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
    • G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display substrate, a driving method thereof, and a display device.
  • Electronic paper mainly uses EPD (Electrophoretic Display) technology to drive two different electrical dyed particles back and forth between the display side and the non-display side of the electronic paper, and the corresponding dyed particle color appears on the display side.
  • EPD Electrophoretic Display
  • display devices capable of displaying three colors of black, white and red are more common.
  • the display effect of electronic paper is close to that of natural paper, which allows readers to avoid reading fatigue during the process of reading the displayed content of electronic paper.
  • a display substrate includes: a first substrate, a microcup structure layer, an electrophoresis liquid, and a second substrate.
  • the first substrate includes a pixel electrode layer, and the pixel electrode layer includes a plurality of pixel electrodes.
  • the microcup structure layer is disposed on one side of the first substrate, the microcup structure layer includes a plurality of microcups, each of the plurality of microcups has a first opening close to the pixel electrode layer , And a second opening opposite to the first opening, the size of the first opening is greater than the size of the second opening.
  • the electrophoresis solution is filled in the plurality of microcups, and the electrophoresis solution is mixed with charged particles.
  • the second substrate is disposed on a side of the microcup structure layer and the electrophoretic solution away from the first substrate, and the second substrate includes a common electrode layer.
  • the electrophoretic fluid is mixed with charged particles of at least two colors, and the charged particles of the at least two colors have the same electrical properties, and the mobility of the charged particles of different colors is different.
  • the charged particles of the at least two colors include charged particles of a first color and charged particles of a second color, and the charged particles of the first color have a higher charge-to-mass ratio than the charged particles of the second color.
  • the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle is not limited to the first color and charged particles of a second color.
  • the display substrate further includes a reflective layer disposed on the side of the microcup structure layer close to the common electrode layer or the pixel electrode layer, and the reflective layer is configured to reflect the device. Set the color of light.
  • the orthographic projection of the second opening of each microcup on the second substrate is a closed figure, and the distance from any point on the boundary of the closed figure to other points on the boundary is less than or Equal to the limit resolution size of the human eye.
  • the gap width between the orthographic projections of the first openings of two adjacent microcups on the first substrate is less than or equal to the limit resolution size of the human eye.
  • the distance from any point on the boundary of the closed figure to other points on the boundary is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the gap width between the orthographic projections of the first openings of two adjacent microcups on the first substrate is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m.
  • each microcup is prism frustum or truncated frustum.
  • each microcup is a regular hexagonal pyramid.
  • the shortest distance between a set of opposite sides of the first opening of each microcup is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the gap between the orthographic projections of the second openings of two adjacent microcups on the second substrate is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m.
  • the size of each microcup in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m.
  • the first substrate further includes: a first substrate, an active device layer, a plurality of transparent first storage capacitor electrodes and a plurality of transparent second storage capacitor electrodes.
  • the first substrate is disposed on a side of the pixel electrode layer away from the microcup structure layer.
  • the active device layer is disposed between the first substrate and the pixel electrode layer.
  • the active device layer includes a plurality of driving switch tubes, and the plurality of driving switch tubes are electrically connected to a plurality of pixel electrodes of the pixel electrode layer respectively.
  • the plurality of transparent first storage capacitor electrodes are electrically connected to the plurality of drive switch tubes respectively.
  • the plurality of transparent second storage capacitor electrodes correspond to the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes respectively, and orthographic projections of the corresponding first storage capacitor electrodes and second storage capacitor electrodes on the first substrate Has overlapping areas.
  • each of the plurality of driving switch tubes includes a gate, a source, and a drain, and materials of the gate, the source, and the drain are transparent materials .
  • a display device in another aspect, includes the display substrate described in any one of the above.
  • a method for driving a display substrate is provided.
  • the driving method is configured to drive the above-mentioned display substrate.
  • the display substrate has at least two color ink state modes.
  • the driving method includes: transmitting a pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel of the target color to be displayed in the display substrate, and to The common electrode layer of the display substrate transmits a common voltage signal, so that a target voltage with a target value and a target polarity is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode and the common electrode layer; the electric field formed by the target voltage is driven in the The charged particles in the pixel area of the target color to be displayed swim and drive continuously for the target time, so that the charged particles of the target color are closer to the first opening of the microcup where they are located than the charged particles of other colors.
  • the target value, the target polarity and the target time are determined according to the difference in the mobility of charged particles of different colors in the display substrate to enter
  • the display substrate includes charged particles of a first color and charged particles of a second color, and the mobility of the charged particles of the first color is greater than the mobility of the charged particles of the second color;
  • the display substrate has an ink state mode of a first color and an ink state mode of a second color.
  • the driving method includes: transmitting a first pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the first color, and transmitting to the common electrode layer
  • the common voltage signal causes a first target voltage with a first target value and a first target polarity to be generated between the corresponding pixel electrode and the common electrode layer, wherein the first target polarity is the same as that of the charged particles.
  • the polarity is opposite; the electric field formed by the first target voltage is used to drive the charged particles in the pixel area to be displayed in the first color to swim to the first opening of the microcup where it is, and continue to drive for the first target time to make The charged particles of the first color are closer to the first opening of the microcup than the charged particles of the second color.
  • the driving method includes a plurality of driving cycles, and each of the driving cycles includes: transmitting the second color to the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the second color.
  • Pixel voltage signal and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer, so that a second target voltage having a second target value and a second target polarity is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode and the common electrode layer, wherein The second target polarity is the same as the polarity of the charged particles;
  • the electric field formed by the second target voltage drives the charged particles in the pixel area of the second color to be displayed to the second Open swimming, continuously driving the second target time, so that the charged particles of the first color and the charged particles of the second color are layered, and the charged particles of the first color are charged relative to the charged particles of the second color The particle is closer to the second opening of the microcup where it is located; the third pixel voltage signal is transmitted to the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the second color,
  • the display substrate further includes a reflective layer disposed on a side of the microcup structure layer of the display substrate close to the common electrode layer and configured to reflect light of a set color.
  • the display substrate also has a transparent mode with a set color.
  • the driving method includes: transmitting a fourth pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode corresponding to the pixel of the set color to be displayed in the display substrate, and to the common electrode of the display substrate The layer transmits a common voltage signal, so that a set voltage with a set value and a set polarity is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode and the common electrode layer, wherein the set polarity is the same as the polarity of the charged particles Same; use the electric field formed by the set voltage to drive the charged particles in the pixel area where the set color is to be displayed to swim to the second opening of the microcup where it is, and continue to drive the set time to make the charged particles Gathered at the second opening of the microcup where it is located and the surrounding area,
  • the driving method further includes: reducing the set value of the set voltage, and/or reducing the electric field formed by the set voltage
  • the set time of driving is performed to reduce the concentration of the charged particles in the first opening of the microcup and the surrounding area, so that the brightness of the set color displayed on the display substrate is darkened;
  • the set value of the set voltage, and/or, increase the set time of driving by the electric field formed by the set voltage, so as to increase the charged particles in the first opening of the microcup and the surrounding area
  • the concentration density of the display substrate brightens the brightness of the set color displayed on the display substrate.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of another display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • 2A is a schematic front view of a structure of a plurality of microcups in a display substrate according to some embodiments
  • 2B is a schematic top view of a plurality of microcups in a display substrate according to some embodiments
  • 2C is a schematic bottom view of the structure of a plurality of microcups in a display substrate according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of still another display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pixel in a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic structural diagram of still another display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • 4B is a schematic diagram of another top view structure of a pixel in a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display state of the display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another display state of the display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another display state of the display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a driving method of a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of another driving method of a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of still another driving method of a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of still another driving method of a display substrate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to some embodiments.
  • the display substrate 1 includes: a first substrate 11, a microcup structure layer 131, an electrophoresis liquid 133 and a second substrate 12.
  • the first substrate 11 includes a pixel electrode layer 112, and the pixel electrode layer 112 includes a plurality of pixel electrodes 112'.
  • the microcup structure layer 131 is disposed on one side of the first substrate 11, for example, the microcup structure layer 131 is located on the side of the first substrate 11 where the pixel electrode layer 112 is disposed.
  • the microcup structure layer 131 includes a plurality of microcup 131', each of the plurality of microcup 131' has a first opening 1311 close to the pixel electrode layer 112, and a second opening 1311 opposite to the first opening 1311 Two openings 1312, the size of each first opening 1311 is larger than the size of the corresponding second opening 1312.
  • the electrophoresis solution 133 is filled in the plurality of microcups 131 ′, and the electrophoresis solution 133 is mixed with charged particles 132.
  • the second substrate 12 is disposed on the side of the microcup structure layer 131 and the electrophoretic solution 133 away from the first substrate 11, and the second substrate 12 includes a common electrode layer 122.
  • the first substrate 11 further includes a first substrate 111, the pixel electrode layer 112 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 111 facing the microcup structure layer 131, and the microcup structure layer 131 is disposed on the pixel electrode layer 112. The side away from the first substrate 111.
  • the second substrate 12 further includes a second substrate 121, and the common electrode layer 122 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the microcup structure layer 131.
  • Either the first substrate 11 side or the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1 can be used as the display side of the display substrate 1.
  • the first substrate 11 side of the display substrate 1 serves as the display side of the display substrate 1, and the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1 serves as the non-display side of the display substrate 1.
  • both the first substrate 111 and the pixel electrode layer 112 need to have good optical transparency, so as to increase the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the material of the first substrate 111 is glass
  • the pixel electrode layer 112 is a transparent conductive film such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) formed on the first substrate 111 by processes such as sputtering and evaporation. In this way, the light reflected by the charged particles 132 can pass through the pixel electrode layer 112 and the first substrate 111 and be perceived by human eyes.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • the reflective layer 14 is mounted on the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1, and the reflective layer 14 is located on the side of the second substrate 121 away from the common electrode layer 122, the second substrate 121 and The common electrode layer 122 has good optical transparency to improve the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the material of the second substrate 121 is glass
  • the common electrode layer 122 is a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide formed on the second substrate 121 by a process such as sputtering or evaporation. In this way, the light reflected by the reflective layer 14 can pass through the second substrate 121, the common electrode layer 122, the microcup structure layer 131, the pixel electrode layer 112, and the first substrate 111 and be perceived by human eyes.
  • the reflective layer 14 is mounted on the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1, and the reflective layer 14 is located on the side of the second substrate 121 facing the microcup structure layer 131, a gap between the reflective layer 14 and the microcup structure layer 131 is required.
  • the film layers all have good optical transparency to improve the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the common electrode layer 122 needs to be a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide formed on the second substrate 121 by a process such as sputtering or evaporation.
  • the reflective layer 14 is located between the common electrode layer 122 and the microcup structure layer 131, the film layer (such as a protective layer) between the reflective layer 14 and the microcup structure layer 131 needs to have good optical transparency, reflective There is no such requirement if there is no other film layer between the layer 14 and the microcup structure layer 131. In this way, the light reflected by the reflective layer 14 can pass through the microcup structure layer 131, the pixel electrode layer 112 and the first substrate 111 and be perceived by human eyes.
  • the film layer such as a protective layer
  • the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1 serves as the display side of the display substrate 1, and the first substrate 11 side of the display substrate 1 serves as the non-display side of the display substrate 1.
  • both the second substrate 121 and the common electrode layer 122 have good optical transparency, so as to increase the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the material of the second substrate 121 is glass
  • the common electrode layer 122 is a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide formed on the second substrate 121 by a process such as sputtering or evaporation. In this way, the light reflected by the charged particles 132 can be perceived by human eyes through the second substrate 121 and the common electrode layer 122.
  • the first substrate 111 and The pixel electrode layers 112 all have good optical transparency to increase the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the material of the first substrate 111 is glass
  • the pixel electrode layer 112 is a transparent conductive film such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) formed on the first substrate 111 by processes such as sputtering and evaporation.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • the reflective layer 14 is mounted on the first substrate 11 side of the display substrate 1, and the reflective layer 14 is located on the side of the first substrate 111 facing the microcup structure layer 131, a gap between the reflective layer 14 and the microcup structure layer 131 is required.
  • the film layers all have good optical transparency to improve the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the film layer (such as a planarization layer) between the reflective layer 14 and the microcup structure layer 131 needs to have good optical transparency. There is no such requirement if there is no other film layer between 14 and the microcup structure layer 131. In this way, the light reflected by the reflective layer 14 can pass through the microcup structure layer 131, the common electrode layer 122 and the second substrate 121 and be perceived by human eyes.
  • each microcup 131 ′ is a containing cavity configured to contain the electrophoretic fluid 133 and the charged particles 132.
  • the multiple microcups 131' included in the microcup structure layer 131 may be formed by etching a glass substrate (Glass), or may be made of other materials with good optical transparency (for example, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic) is formed by etching.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • the charged particles 132 are suspended in the electrophoresis solution 133 to ensure that the charged particles 132 can effectively migrate in the electrophoresis solution 133.
  • the pixel electrode layer 112 and the common electrode layer 122 are in direct contact with the electrophoresis solution 133, and in consideration of the light transmittance of the display substrate 1, the material of the pixel electrode layer 112 and the common electrode layer 122 is In the case of a transparent conductive material such as ITO, to ensure that the pixel electrode layer 112 and the common electrode layer 122 are not corroded by the electrophoresis solution 133, the surface of the pixel electrode layer 112 and the electrophoresis solution 133, and the common electrode layer 122 and the electrophoresis solution 133
  • the contact surface is provided with a protective layer.
  • the material of the protective layer includes, but is not limited to, at least one of materials with high translucency and protection, such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and silicon nitride (SiN x ).
  • the minimum display unit of the aforementioned display substrate 1 is the pixel corresponding to each pixel electrode 112', and the pixel area corresponding to each pixel is the area determined by the orthographic projection of the corresponding pixel electrode 112' on the first substrate 111 .
  • the number of microcups 131' located in the pixel region corresponding to each pixel electrode 112' may be one or more.
  • the number of microcups 131' located in the pixel area corresponding to each pixel electrode 112' may not be an integer, for example, one-half, one-half, two-half, etc. Wait.
  • each pixel electrode 112' can drive the charged particles located in the corresponding pixel area 132 can swim.
  • the charged particles 132 in the pixel area corresponding to the pixel electrode 112' can be driven to be in the microcup 131'. Movement to make the charged particles 132 move to the side of the microcup 131' where they are located close to the pixel electrode layer 112, that is, to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located, so that the display substrate 1 displays the color of the charged particles 132 .
  • the charged particles 132 in the pixel area corresponding to the pixel electrode 112' can be driven to move until the microcup 131' where the charged particles 132 are located is close to the common electrode.
  • One side of the layer 122 moves to the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131 ′ where the charged particles 132 are located. Since the size of the first opening 1311 is larger than the size of the second opening 1312, the viewing angle of the human eye to observe the part of the pixel with the color of the charged particle 132 will be reduced, and the part of the pixel with the color of the charged particle 132 will be difficult to be observed, thus To achieve the purpose of hiding the color of the charged particles 132. In this way, the corresponding pixel can present the color of the charged particles 132 or hide the color of the charged particles 132 according to requirements.
  • the electrophoresis solution 133 is mixed with charged particles 132 of at least two colors, and the charged particles 132 of the at least two colors have the same electrical properties, and the mobility of the charged particles 132 of different colors is different.
  • the at least two colors of the charged particles 132 have the same electrical properties, which means that all the charged particles 132 are positively charged, or all the charged particles 132 are negatively charged.
  • the mobility of the charged particles 132 of different colors is different. It can be understood that the mobility of the charged particles 132 of the same color is the same, and the mobility of the charged particles 132 of different colors is different.
  • the mobility refers to the rate at which the charged particles 132 migrate under the action of an applied electric field, and the field strength of the applied electric field is different, the mobility of the charged particles 132 is also different.
  • the charged particles 132 in the pixel area corresponding to the pixel electrode 112' can be driven to move in the microcup 131' where it is located.
  • the charged particles 132 with the desired color can be moved to the microcup 131' where it is located.
  • the side of the pixel electrode layer 112 moves to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where it is located, and the charged particles 132 of other colors are located on the side of the charged particles 132 having the color to be displayed away from the pixel electrode layer 112 One side, so that the corresponding pixels of the display substrate 1 display the desired color.
  • each microcup 131' in the microcup structure layer 131 has only one type of electrically charged particles 132, a built-in electric field cannot be formed between the charged particles 132 of different colors, which is far away from the charged particles on the side of the pixel electrode layer.
  • the particles 132 will not move toward the pixel electrode under the drive of the built-in electric field, which avoids the problem that the charged particles 132 on the pixel electrode side are doped with charged particles 132 far away from the pixel electrode layer side, and eliminates the impact of the built-in electric field on the pixel.
  • the influence of the charged particles 132 on the electrode layer side reduces the refresh time of the display substrate 1 and reduces the power consumption.
  • the difficulty of driving the charged particles 132 is also reduced.
  • the charged particles 132 of the at least two colors include charged particles 1321 of a first color and charged particles 1322 of a second color.
  • the charge-to-mass ratio of the charged particles 1321 of the first color is The charge-to-mass ratio of the charged particles 1322 of the second color is greater than.
  • the charge-to-mass ratio is the ratio of the amount of charge to the mass of a charged particle.
  • the mobility of the charged particles 132 in the electrophoretic solution 133 is positively correlated with the electric field intensity of the charged particles 132 and the charge-to-mass ratio.
  • the charged particles of the first color 1321 are black charged particles
  • the charged particles of the second color 1322 are red charged particles
  • the charge-to-mass ratio of the black charged particles is greater than that of the red charged particles, which means In the case of the same electric field intensity, the mobility of black charged particles is greater than that of red charged particles.
  • the particle size of each charged particle 132 ranges from 10 nm to 100 nm.
  • the charged particles 132 of at least two colors included in the display substrate 1 include the charged particles 1321 of the first color and the charged particles 1322 of the second color
  • each particle of the charged particles 1321 of the first color The diameter is 30 nm
  • the diameter of each second-color charged particle 1322 is 80 nm.
  • the display substrate 1 When the electric field between the pixel electrode layer 112 and the common electrode layer 122 drives the charged particles 132 to move to the side of the microcup 131' where they are located near the common electrode layer 122, they move to the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' where they are located. At this time, since the size of the first opening 1311 of each microcup 131' is greater than the size of the second opening 1312, the charged particles 132 moving to the second opening 1312 cannot shield the second substrate 12, and the display substrate 1 is transparent. When another color film layer or pattern film layer is mounted on the first substrate 11 side or the second substrate 12 side of the display substrate 1, the display substrate 1 displays the color film layer or pattern film layer.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes: a reflective layer 14.
  • the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the side of the microcup structure layer 131 close to the common electrode layer 122 or the pixel electrode layer 112, and the reflective layer 14 is configured to reflect light of a set color.
  • the reflective layer 14 is a film layer coated with a paint of a predetermined color; further illustratively, the reflective layer 14 is a film layer doped with a pigment of a predetermined color.
  • the reflective layer 14 is provided on the side of the microcup structure layer 131 close to the common electrode layer 122, that is, the reflective layer 14 It is disposed between the microcup structure layer 131 and the common electrode layer 122, or the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the side of the common electrode layer 122 away from the microcup structure layer 131.
  • the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the side of the microcup structure layer 131 close to the pixel electrode layer 112, that is, the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the microcup structure Between the layer 131 and the pixel electrode layer 112, or the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the side of the pixel electrode layer 112 away from the microcup structure layer 131.
  • the set color of the light that can be reflected by the reflective layer 14 selects a high-brightness color, for example, the set color is yellow or orange. Since the light reflected by the high-brightness color is easy to be seen, this enables the reflective layer 14 with the high-brightness color to produce a better reflection effect.
  • the color of the charged particles 132 is selected as a low-brightness color.
  • the color of the charged particles 132 includes red, black, green or purple. In this way, when the display substrate 1 displays the color of the charged particles 132, the color of the charged particles 132 can shield the color of the reflective layer 14 to prevent the image displayed by the display substrate 1 from being mixed with the color of the reflective layer 14 to affect the display effect.
  • the display substrate 1 when the display substrate 1 is in a transparent state, it can display the color of the reflective layer 14. In this way, the color that can be displayed by the display substrate 1 is increased by at least one without increasing the color type of the charged particles 132. This enables the display substrate 1 to display images with more complex colors.
  • the orthographic projection of the second opening 1312 of each microcup 131' of the microcup structure layer 131 on the second substrate 12 is a closed figure, and any point on the border of the closed figure reaches other points on the border.
  • the distance of the points is less than or equal to the limit resolution size of the human eye.
  • the closed figure can be, for example, a circle, a triangle, a square or other shapes, and the closed figure can also be a flat figure surrounded by irregular curves.
  • the limit size of the human eye is the limit size that the human eye observes things of different sizes from distinguishable to indistinguishable. When the size of the thing is less than or equal to the limit size, the human eye cannot distinguish or can hardly distinguish. .
  • the gap width between the orthographic projections of the first opening 1311 on the first substrate 11 is less than or equal to the limit resolution size of the human eye. In this way, the human eye cannot or can hardly observe the color of the reflective layer transmitted by the gap between the first openings 1311 of two adjacent microcups 13, thereby avoiding that the color of the reflective layer affects the color that the display substrate 1 needs to display. Make an impact.
  • the limit resolution size of the general human eye is about 15 ⁇ m. Therefore, exemplarily, the distance from any point on the boundary of the closed pattern to other points on the boundary is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m; the first opening 1311 of two adjacent microcups 131' The width of the gap between orthographic projections on the first substrate 11 is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the second opening 1312 can ensure that the human eye cannot observe or almost cannot observe the color displayed by the charged particles 132, and the color that the display substrate 1 needs to display will not be affected by the two adjacent microcups 13
  • the gap between an opening 1311 transmits the influence of the color of the reflective layer.
  • each microcup 131' is a prism frustum shape or a truncated frustum shape.
  • Pyramid refers to the geometric shape between the cross section and the bottom of a pyramid after being cut by a plane parallel to its bottom surface.
  • the two bottom surfaces of the prism are two similar polygons, and the side surfaces are composed of multiple trapezoids.
  • the shape of each microcup 131' is a triangular pyramid
  • the shape of the first opening 1311 and the second opening 1312 of each microcup 131' is triangular; when the shape of each microcup 131' is a hexagonal pyramid
  • the shape of the first opening 1311 and the second opening 1312 of each microcup 131' is a hexagon.
  • the truncated cone refers to the geometric shape between the cross section and the bottom surface of a cone after being cut by a plane parallel to its bottom surface.
  • the shape of each microcup 131' is a truncated cone shape
  • the shape of the first opening 1311 and the second opening 1312 of each microcup 131' is circular.
  • each microcup 131' is a regular hexagonal pyramid, that is, the plane defined by the first opening 1311 of each microcup 131' and the second opening 1312
  • the determined planes are the two bottom surfaces of a regular hexagonal truncated pyramid, which are parallel to each other, and the opening shape of the first opening 1311 and the opening shape of the second opening 1312 are both regular hexagons.
  • Each microcup 131' includes six sides, and the shape of the six sides is the same isosceles trapezoid. This arrangement makes the force of each microcup 131' uniform and has better stability.
  • the shortest distance D 1 between a group of opposite sides of the first opening 1311 of each microcup 131' is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m, so that the size of the first opening 1311 can be Meet the needs of high pixel density (Pixels Per Inch, PPI).
  • the first openings 1311 of two adjacent microcups 131' are in front
  • the gap width D 4 between projections is 12 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m
  • the gap width D 5 between the orthographic projections of the second openings 1312 of two adjacent micro cups 131 ′ is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m.
  • each microcup 131' is in the shape of a right prism, so that the force of each microcup 131' More uniform; and the gap width D 4 between the orthographic projections of the first openings 1311 of two adjacent micro cups 131 ′ is 12 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, which can ensure that the gap between the first openings 1311 of two adjacent micro cups 131 ′ The gap is not perceptible or almost undetected by the human eye.
  • the shape of the plurality of microcups 131' is a regular hexagonal pyramid, and one set of opposite sides of the first opening 1311 of each microcup 131'
  • the shortest distance D 1 between each microcup 131' is 150 ⁇ m
  • the shortest distance D 2 between a set of opposite sides of the second opening 1312 of each microcup 131' is 15 ⁇ m
  • each microcup 131' is in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate 11
  • the dimension D 3 on the upper part is 150 ⁇ m
  • the gap width D 4 between the first openings 1311 of the orthographic projection of two adjacent microcups 131' It is 15 ⁇ m
  • the gap width D 5 between the second openings 1312 of the orthographic projection of two adjacent micro cups 131 ′ is 150 ⁇ m.
  • the dimension D 3 of each microcup 131' in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate 11 is 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m, which means that each microcup 131' is charged.
  • This size range can ensure that the charged particles 132 have a sufficient migration distance, so that the charged particles 132 of different colors can be fully layered, so that the display substrate 1 can display different colors; and it will not cause the microcup structure layer 131 to be perpendicular to the first
  • the size of a substrate 11 in the direction is too large, which causes the display substrate 1 to be too thick, so as to meet the demand for thinner and lighter display substrate 1.
  • the first substrate 11 further includes an active device layer 113, and the active device layer 113 is disposed between the first substrate 111 and the pixel electrode layer 112.
  • the active device layer 113 includes a plurality of driving switch tubes 1134, a plurality of transparent first storage capacitor electrodes 1133, and a plurality of transparent second storage capacitor electrodes 1131.
  • Each drive switch tube 1134 is, for example, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor), and each drive switch tube 1134 is electrically connected to a corresponding pixel electrode 112' in the pixel electrode layer 112.
  • the drain of each drive switch tube 1134 is The corresponding pixel electrode 112' is electrically connected, and each driving switch tube 1134 is configured to drive the pixel electrode 112' electrically connected thereto.
  • each driving switch tube 1134 can be reduced, so that the shading area of each driving switch tube 1134 can be reduced, which helps to improve the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • each of the above-mentioned driving switch tubes 1134 is a single-gate thin film transistor (the thin film transistor has a gate), so that the orthographic projection of the driving switch tube 1134 on the first substrate 111 It will be relatively small, thereby reducing the influence of each driving switch tube 1134 on the display of the display substrate 1.
  • each of the above-mentioned driving switch tubes 1134 is a double-gate thin film transistor (the thin film transistor has two gates), so that after each driving switch tube 1134 is turned off, it can reduce The effect of leakage current on the pixel electrode 112'.
  • each drive switch tube 1134 on the first substrate 111 is within a rectangle with a length of 20 ⁇ m and a width of 15 ⁇ m. Since the limit resolution size of the human eye is generally around 15 ⁇ m, the above Within the size range, each driving switch tube 1134 is invisible or almost invisible to the human eye, thereby ensuring that each driving switch tube 1134 will not affect the display of the display substrate 1.
  • the plurality of transparent first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 are electrically connected to the plurality of drive switch tubes 1134, respectively.
  • each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is electrically connected to the drain of the corresponding drive switch tube.
  • the electrical signal on the storage capacitor electrode 1133 is the same as the electrical signal on the pixel electrode 112 ′ corresponding to the driving switch tube 1134.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the film position of the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133.
  • the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of pixel electrodes 112' of the pixel electrode layer 112 are arranged in different layers.
  • the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 may be disposed on the side of the pixel electrode layer 112 facing the first substrate 111, and an insulating layer is passed between the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the pixel electrode layer 112. 1135 separated.
  • the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of pixel electrodes 112' of the pixel electrode layer 112 are arranged in the same layer.
  • the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of pixel electrodes 112' are all independent electrodes separated from each other, and each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is directly electrically connected to a corresponding drive switch tube 1134; or Each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is electrically connected to the corresponding pixel electrode 112' through a connection line, so that each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is indirectly electrically connected to the corresponding drive switch tube 1134 through the corresponding pixel electrode 112'.
  • each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 and the corresponding pixel electrode 112' form an integrated structure. It can also be considered that each pixel electrode 112' extends to form a corresponding first storage capacitor.
  • the extended portion of the electrode 1133 area serves as the corresponding first storage capacitor electrode 1133, which is equivalent to each pixel electrode 112' having the function of the corresponding first storage capacitor electrode 1133, which is beneficial to simplify the manufacturing process of the display substrate 1.
  • the plurality of transparent second storage capacitor electrodes 1131 respectively correspond to the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133, and the corresponding first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and second storage capacitor electrodes 1133
  • the orthographic projection of the capacitor electrode 1131 on the first substrate 111 has an overlapping area, so that a storage capacitor can be formed between the corresponding first storage capacitor electrode 1133 and the second storage capacitor electrode 1131.
  • the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131 are disposed on a side of the first substrate 111 close to the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133, and each second storage capacitor electrode 1131 is grounded or electrically connected to a common voltage terminal.
  • the voltage of the first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is the pixel voltage on the corresponding pixel electrode 112'
  • the voltage of the second storage capacitor electrode 1131 is the ground voltage Or a common voltage, so that a storage capacitor is formed between the two.
  • the first substrate 11 further includes a first insulating layer 1132 disposed between the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131 to Electrical insulation is maintained between the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131.
  • each drive switch tube 1134 included in the active device layer 113 includes a gate, a source, and a drain.
  • the gate, source, and drain are made of transparent conductive material, so that each drive The switch tube 1134 becomes transparent, which increases the light transmittance of the display substrate 1.
  • the transparent conductive material used for the gate, source, and drain of each driving switch tube 1134 may be a transparent metal oxide conductive material, such as ITO, IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide, indium zinc oxide), etc.
  • each drive switch tube 1134 can adopt the same transparent conductivity as the plurality of first storage capacitor electrodes 1133 and the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131.
  • Materials such as ITO, IZO, etc.
  • each drive switch tube 1134 is arranged on the first substrate 111, and is arranged on the same layer as the corresponding second storage capacitor electrode 1131, and both Using the same transparent conductive material, this enables the gate of each drive switch tube 1134 and the corresponding second storage capacitor electrode 1131 to be formed in the same process.
  • each first storage capacitor electrode 1133 is arranged on the same layer as the drain and source of the corresponding drive switch tube 1134, and they are made of the same transparent conductive material.
  • the drain, source, and first storage capacitor electrode 1133 corresponding to the drain of each drive switch tube 1134 can be formed in the same process, thereby simplifying the production process.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes a conductive member 15.
  • the conductive component 15 is disposed outside the microcup structure layer 131, one end of the conductive component 15 is electrically connected to the common electrode layer 122 of the second substrate 12, and the other end is electrically connected to the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131 of the first substrate 11.
  • the common voltage signal provided from the outside of the display substrate 1 is transmitted to the plurality of second storage capacitor electrodes 1131 of the first substrate 11 through the port, and the common voltage signal can be
  • the conductive member 15 is transmitted to the common electrode layer 122 of the second substrate 12, so that the common voltage can be transmitted to the common electrode layer 122 of the second substrate 12 without providing a common voltage port on the second substrate 12.
  • the material of the conductive component 15 includes conductive silver glue.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes: a sealant 16.
  • the sealant 16 is disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and surrounds the microcup structure layer 131. In this way, the sealant 16 can bond the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 together to match The micro-cup structure layer 131 between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is sealed to protect the micro-cup structure layer 131 from external water vapor erosion and air oxidation.
  • the frame sealant 16 is located outside the microcup structure layer 131 and surrounds the microcup structure layer 131 to form a frame-shaped structure.
  • the conductive component 15 is located on the side of the sealant 16 close to the microcup structure layer 131. Further, when the frame sealant 16 is formed in a frame-shaped structure, the conductive member 15 is located inside the frame-shaped structure formed by the frame sealant 16. In this way, the sealant 16 encapsulates the conductive component 15 inside the display substrate 1 and can play a role in protecting the conductive component 15.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes a control chip 17.
  • the control chip 17 is disposed in the frame area 18 of the side of the first substrate 11 facing the second substrate 12 (the area shown by the dashed frame 18 in FIG. 1 ), and is encapsulated in the sealant 16.
  • the control chip 17 is electrically connected to the active device layer 113 of the first substrate 11 to transmit control signals to the plurality of driving switch tubes 1134 in the active device layer 113, so that the plurality of driving switch tubes 1134 pair correspondingly
  • the pixel electrode 112' is driven.
  • the control chip 17 is also electrically connected with the conductive member 15 to transmit a common voltage to the common electrode layer 122 of the second substrate 12 through the conductive member 15.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes: a flexible printed circuit (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC for short).
  • the flexible printed circuit is electrically connected to the control chip 17 and is configured to output data signals and working voltages to the control chip 17.
  • the data signal is a signal for controlling the voltage on each pixel electrode 112 ′ in the display substrate 1, and the working voltage is the working voltage of the control chip 17.
  • the above-mentioned display substrate 1 further includes a protective layer 19 and an adhesive layer 10.
  • the protective layer 19 is configured to isolate the substrate on the display side of the display substrate 1 (ie, the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12) from moisture and oxygen in the air to prevent the moisture and oxygen in the air from displaying on the display substrate 1 Corrosion and oxidation of the substrate on the side.
  • the adhesive layer 10 is configured to bond the protective layer 19 and the first substrate 11 together.
  • the protective layer 19 and the adhesive layer 10 are disposed on the display side of the display substrate 1, the protective layer 19 and the adhesive layer 10 need to have good optical transparency.
  • the material of the protective layer 19 It may be polystyrene (PS for short), and the adhesive layer 10 may be Optically Clear Adhesive (OCA for short).
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display device 100, which includes the display substrate 1 described in the above embodiments.
  • the display substrate 1 included in the display device 100 has a microstructure layer 131 including a plurality of microcups 131', and each microcup 131' contains an electrophoresis solution 133 doped with charged particles 132, so that the charged particles 132 are driven swimming in the 131' where it is, the screen can be displayed.
  • the display device 100 includes e-book readers, electronic tags of shopping malls, advertising display boards, electronic signs, and smart terminals with display functions and other products or components with display functions.
  • the above-mentioned display device 100 only disposes one kind of electrically charged particles 132 in each microcup 131' in the microcup structure layer 131 of the display substrate 1, so that no built-in is formed between the charged particles 132.
  • the electric field eliminates the influence of the non-display side charged particles 132 on the display side charged particles 132 in the built-in electric field, reduces the refresh time of the display substrate 1 and reduces power consumption.
  • the difficulty of driving the charged particles 132 is also reduced.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a driving method of the display substrate 1, and the control method is configured to drive the display substrate 1 as described in some of the above embodiments, the display substrate 1 having at least two colors of charged particles 132, Therefore, the display substrate 1 has at least two color ink state modes.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes S100-S200.
  • S100 Transmit the pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the target color to be displayed in the display substrate 1, and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122 of the display substrate 1, so that the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 A target voltage with a target value and a target polarity is generated in between.
  • S200 Use the electric field formed by the target voltage to drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area of the target color to be displayed to swim, and continue to drive for the target time, so that the charged particles 132 of the target color are closer to the microsphere where they are located than the charged particles 132 of other colors.
  • the target value, the target polarity and the target time are the absolute value and the limit of the voltage required to enter the ink state mode of the target color determined according to the difference in the mobility of the charged particles 132 of different colors in the display substrate 1. Sex and duration.
  • the target value is the absolute value of the size of the target voltage
  • the target time is the duration of the target voltage
  • the target polarity is the polarity of the target voltage, that is, the target voltage is a positive polarity or the target voltage is a negative polarity.
  • the positive polarity and negative polarity mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure are all based on the potential of the common voltage signal applied to the common electrode layer 122. If the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common If the potential difference of the electrode layer 122 is positive, the target voltage is positive; if the potential difference between the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 is negative, the target voltage is negative.
  • the display substrate 1 Based on the structure of the display substrate 1, it can be known that by controlling the potential difference between the pixel electrode layer 112 and the common electrode layer 122 to form different electric fields, when a pixel electrode 112' of the pixel electrode layer 112 is formed between the common electrode layer 122 The electric field can drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area corresponding to the pixel electrode 112' to move in the microcup 131' where it is located. By adjusting the size and direction of the electric field between the pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122, and the duration of the applied electric field, the charged particles 132 with the desired color can be moved to the microcup 131' near the pixel electrode.
  • the side of the layer 112 moves to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where it is located, and the charged particles 132 of other colors are located away from the charged particles 132 of the color to be displayed away from the pixel electrode layer 112 On one side, in this way, the pixel corresponding to the pixel electrode 112' displays the desired color.
  • each microcup 131' of the microcup structure layer 131 has only one kind of electrically charged particles 132. This makes it impossible to form a built-in electric field between charged particles 132 of different colors, thereby eliminating the influence of the built-in electric field on the charged particles 132 on the display side, reducing refresh time and reducing power consumption.
  • the display substrate 1 includes charged particles 1321 of a first color and charged particles 1322 of a second color.
  • the mobility of the charged particles 1321 of the first color is greater than that of the first color.
  • the display substrate 1 has an ink state mode of the first color and an ink state mode of the second color.
  • the charged particles 1321 of the first color and the charged particles 1322 of the second color are both positively charged particles, or both are negatively charged particles.
  • the charged particles of the first color 1321 include black charged particles
  • the charged particles of the second color 1322 include red charged particles
  • the mobility of the black charged particles is greater than the mobility of the red charged particles.
  • the display substrate 1 has a black ink state mode (that is, the ink state mode of the first color) and a red ink state mode (that is, the ink state mode of the second color).
  • the black charged particles and the red charged particles are both positively charged particles, or both are negatively charged particles.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes S110 to S210.
  • S110 Transmit the first pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the first color, and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122, so that the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 have The first target value and the first target voltage of the first target polarity.
  • the first target polarity is opposite to the polarity of the charged particles 132.
  • the electric field formed by the first target voltage with the first target polarity can drive the charged particles 132 to the first of the microcup 131' where it is located.
  • the opening 1311 moves.
  • S210 Use the electric field formed by the first target voltage to drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area of the first color to be displayed to swim toward the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located, and continue to drive for the first target time to make The charged particles 1321 of the first color are closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131 ′ where they are located than the charged particles 1322 of the second color.
  • the charged particles 1321 of the first color are more The charged particles 1322 first reach the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located, so that the pixels to be displayed in the first color display the first color.
  • the charged particles of the first color 1321 include black charged particles
  • the charged particles of the second color 1322 include red charged particles
  • the mobility of the black charged particles is greater than the mobility of the red charged particles
  • the display substrate 1 The ink state mode of the first color is the black ink state mode; both the black charged particles and the red charged particles are positively charged.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes:
  • the first pixel voltage signal (the potential of which is for example -15V) is transmitted to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed black, and the common voltage signal (the potential of which is, for example, the ground potential, that is, zero potential) is transmitted to the common electrode layer 122, A first target voltage having a first target value (15V) and a first target polarity (negative polarity) is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122.
  • the first target voltage is used to form an electric field.
  • the direction of the electric field lines is directed from the common electrode layer 122 to the corresponding pixel electrode 112', and the electric field force drives the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed to be black toward the first microcup 131' where it is located.
  • An opening 1311 swims and drives continuously for the first target time (for example, 320 ms). Since the mobility of black charged particles is greater than that of red charged particles, under the same electric field force, the black charged particles will reach the first opening of the microcup 131' before the red charged particles. On the side 1311, the black charged particles are closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located than the red charged particles. At this time, the corresponding pixels display black.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes a plurality of driving periods, and each driving period includes S120, S220, S130, and S230.
  • S120 Transmit the second pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the second color, and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122, so that the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 have The second target value and the second target voltage of the second target polarity.
  • the second target polarity is the same as the polarity of the charged particles. In this way, the electric field formed by the second target voltage with the second target polarity can drive the charged particles 132 to the second opening 1312 of the corresponding microcup 131' movement.
  • S220 Use the electric field formed by the second target voltage to drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed in the second color to swim toward the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' where they are located, and continue to drive the second target time to make the first
  • the charged particles 1321 of the color and the charged particles 1322 of the second color are layered, and the charged particles 1321 of the first color are closer to the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' where they are located than the charged particles 1322 of the second color;
  • S130 Transmit the third pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed in the second color, and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122, so that the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 have The third target value and the third target voltage of the first target polarity.
  • the third target value is smaller than the second target value.
  • the electric field formed by the third target voltage of the first target polarity drives the charged particles 132 to move toward the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131', and because The third target value is smaller than the second target value, which makes the mobility of the charged particles 132 moving to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where it is located will be relatively small.
  • S230 Use the electric field formed by the third target voltage to drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed in the second color to swim toward the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located, and continue to drive the third target time to make the second
  • the charged particles 1322 of the first color are closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131 ′ than the charged particles 1321 of the first color.
  • the duration of the electric field drive should be longer than the third target time in S220. The second target time.
  • the charged particles 1321 of one color are closer to the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' where they are located than the charged particles 1322 of the second color, so that when the charged particles 132 migrate to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located, this At this time, the charged particles 1322 of the second color are closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131 ′ than the charged particles 1321 of the first color.
  • the charged particles 1322 of the second color can be made closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where the charged particles 1322 of the first color are located, so that the charged particles 1322 of the second color and the first color There is a tendency of stratification between the charged particles 1321, so that after multiple cycles of driving, the layering effect of the first color charged particles 1321 and the second color charged particles 1322 becomes more and more obvious, making the second color
  • the charged particles 1322 are closer to the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131 ′ than the charged particles 1321 of the first color.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes: transmitting a second pixel voltage signal (the potential of which is, for example, the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed red +15V), and transmit a common voltage signal (the potential is, for example, a ground potential, that is, zero potential) to the common electrode layer 122, so that a second target value (15V) is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122 And the second target voltage of the second target polarity (positive polarity).
  • a second pixel voltage signal the potential of which is, for example, the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed red +15V
  • a common voltage signal the potential is, for example, a ground potential, that is, zero potential
  • the second target voltage is used to form an electric field.
  • the direction of the electric field lines is directed from the corresponding pixel electrode 112' to the common electrode layer 122, and the electric field force drives the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed red to the second opening of the microcup 131' 1312 swimming, continue to drive the second target time (for example, 30ms), so that the black charged particles and the red charged particles are layered.
  • the black charged particles are closer to the microcup 131' than the red charged particles.
  • the third pixel voltage signal (its potential is -6V, for example) is transmitted to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel to be displayed red, and the common voltage signal (its potential is, for example, the ground potential, that is, zero potential) is transmitted to the common electrode layer 122.
  • the common voltage signal (its potential is, for example, the ground potential, that is, zero potential) is transmitted to the common electrode layer 122. )
  • a third target voltage having a third target value (6V) and a first target polarity (for example, a negative polarity) is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122.
  • the third target voltage is used to form an electric field.
  • the direction of the electric field lines is directed from the common electrode layer 122 to the corresponding pixel electrode 112', and the electric field force drives the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed red to the first opening of the microcup 131' 1311 swimming, continuously driving the third target time (for example, 350ms). Since the voltage value of the third target voltage is small, the intensity of the electric field formed by the third target voltage is small, and the red charged particles and black charged particles will slowly swim towards the first opening 1311 of the microcup 131' where they are located. move.
  • the two migrating processes of the charged particles 132 are performed cyclically.
  • the number of cycles is, for example, 12, that is, the driving period is 12 cycles.
  • the way of back-and-forth oscillation makes the red charged particles closer to where they are compared to the black charged particles.
  • the first opening 1311 of the cup 131' makes the corresponding pixel display red.
  • the display substrate 1 further includes a reflective layer 14.
  • the reflective layer 14 is disposed on the side of the microcup structure layer 131 of the display substrate 1 close to the common electrode layer 122, and is configured to It can reflect the light of the set color.
  • the display substrate 1 also has a transparent mode with a set color.
  • the driving method includes S300 to S400.
  • S300 Transmit the fourth pixel voltage signal to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the set color to be displayed in the display substrate 1, and transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122 of the display substrate 1, so that the corresponding pixel electrode 112' is A set voltage having a set value and a set polarity is generated between the electrode layers 122.
  • the set polarity is the same as the polarity of the charged particles. In this way, the electric field formed by the set voltage of the set polarity can drive the charged particles 132 to move to the second opening 1312 of the corresponding microcup 131'.
  • S400 Use the electric field formed by the set voltage to drive the charged particles 132 in the pixel area where the set color is to be displayed to swim toward the second opening 1312 of the corresponding microcup 131', and continue to drive for a set time so that the charged particles gather there.
  • the set value, set polarity and set time are determined according to the difference in the mobility of charged particles 132 of different colors in the display substrate 1 to enter the set color transparent state mode. Absolute value, polarity and duration.
  • the display substrate 1 displays the color of the reflective layer 14.
  • the driving method of the display substrate 1 includes S310-S410.
  • S310 Transmit a fourth pixel voltage signal (for example, +20V) to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the color of the reflective layer 14 in the display substrate 1; transmit the common voltage signal to the common electrode layer 122 of the display substrate 1 (
  • Its potential is, for example, a ground potential, that is, a zero potential, so that a set voltage with a set value (20V) and a set polarity (positive polarity) is generated between the corresponding pixel electrode 112' and the common electrode layer 122.
  • S410 Use the electric field formed by the set voltage.
  • the direction of the electric field lines is directed from the corresponding pixel electrode to the common electrode layer 122, and the electric field force drives the charged particles 132 in the pixel area to be displayed with the set color to the microcup 131'
  • the second opening 1312 swims and drives continuously for a set time (for example, 2000ms), so that the charged particles 132 gather in the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131 ′ and the surrounding area.
  • the orthographic projection of the second opening 1312 on the second substrate 12 is a closed figure, and the distance from any point on the boundary of the closed figure to other points on the boundary is less than or equal to the limit resolution size of the human eye, The eye cannot observe the color of the charged particles. At this time, the charged particles 132 cannot block the color of the reflective layer 14, and the pixels to be displayed in the display substrate 1 display yellow.
  • the display substrate 1 when the display substrate 1 is in the transparent state mode, the display substrate 1 can have different degrees of transparency by controlling the distribution position of the charged particles 132 in the microcup 131'. As a result, the display substrate 1 exhibits the colors of the reflective layer 14 with different brightness. Therefore, for the transparent state mode of the set color, the above driving method further includes:
  • the density darkens the brightness of the set color displayed on the display substrate 1.
  • the fourth pixel voltage signal transmitted to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the color of the reflective layer 14 to be displayed in the display substrate 1 is reduced to +18V, so that the field strength of the electric field formed by the set voltage is reduced;
  • the setting time for continuous driving with the setting voltage is reduced to the setting time of 1800ms, which makes the charged particles collected in the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' and the surrounding area in the pixel area of the color of the reflective layer 14 to be displayed
  • the distribution density of 132 decreases. At this time, the charged particles 132 slightly block the color of the reflective layer 14, and the pixels to be displayed display yellow at the first brightness level.
  • the fourth pixel voltage signal transmitted to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the color of the reflective layer 14 to be displayed in the display substrate 1 is reduced to +18V, so that the field strength of the electric field formed by the set voltage is reduced;
  • the setting time for continuous driving with the setting voltage is reduced to 1500ms, which makes the distribution density of the charged particles 132 concentrated in the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' and the surrounding area in the pixel area where the color of the reflective layer 14 is to be displayed Further reduce.
  • the charged particles 132 further block the color of the reflective layer 14, and the pixels to be displayed display yellow at the second brightness level.
  • the fourth pixel voltage signal transmitted to the pixel electrode 112' corresponding to the pixel of the reflective layer 14 to be displayed in the display substrate 1 is reduced to +16V, so that the field strength of the electric field formed by the set voltage is reduced;
  • the setting time for continuous driving with the setting voltage is reduced to 1300ms, which makes the distribution density of the charged particles 132 gathered in the second opening 1312 of the microcup 131' and the surrounding area in the pixel area of the reflective layer 14 to be displayed Reduce it further.
  • the charged particles 132 further block the color of the reflective layer 14, and the pixels to be displayed display yellow at the third brightness level.
  • the brightness gradually becomes darker.
  • the above embodiments are all exemplified by taking the charge carried by the charged particle 132 as a positive charge. If the charge of the charged particles 132 is negative, when the electric field formed by the target voltage is used to drive the charged particles 132 in the microcup 131' corresponding to the pixel of the target color to be displayed, the polarity of the target voltage must be determined. change.

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Abstract

一种显示基板，包括：第一基板、微杯结构层、电泳液和第二基板。第一基板包括像素电极层，像素电极层包括多个像素电极。微杯结构层设置于第一基板设置有像素电极层的一侧，微杯结构层包括多个微杯，所述多个微杯中的每个微杯具有靠近所述像素电极层的第一开口，及与第一开口相对的第二开口，第一开口的大小大于第二开口的大小。电泳液填充于所述多个微杯中，电泳液掺有带电粒子。第二基板设置于所述微杯结构层及所述电泳液背离所述第一基板的一侧，所述第二基板包括公共电极层。

Description

显示基板及其驱动方法、显示装置 技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示基板及其驱动方法、显示装置。
背景技术
电子纸，主要利用EPD(Electrophoretic Display，电泳显示)技术，驱动两种不同电性的染色粒子往返运动于电子纸的显示侧和非显示侧，在显示侧呈现相应染色粒子颜色。电子纸中比较常见的有能够显示黑、白、红三色的显示器件。电子纸的显示效果接近于自然纸张的显示效果，这使得读者在阅读电子纸的显示内容的过程中，能够免于阅读疲劳。
发明内容
一方面，提供一种显示基板。所述显示基板包括：第一基板、微杯结构层、电泳液和第二基板。第一基板包括像素电极层，像素电极层包括多个像素电极。微杯结构层设置于所述第一基板的一侧，所述微杯结构层包括多个微杯，所述多个微杯中的每个微杯具有靠近所述像素电极层的第一开口，及与所述第一开口相对的第二开口，所述第一开口的大小大于所述第二开口的大小。所述电泳液填充于所述多个微杯中，所述电泳液掺有带电粒子。所述第二基板设置于所述微杯结构层及所述电泳液背离所述第一基板的一侧，所述第二基板包括公共电极层。
在一些实施例中，所述电泳液掺有至少两种颜色的带电粒子，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子的电性相同，不同种颜色的带电粒子的迁移率不同。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子包括第一颜色的带电粒子和第二颜色的带电粒子，所述第一颜色的带电粒子的荷质比大于所述第二颜色的带电粒子的荷质比。
在一些实施例中，所述显示基板还包括：反射层，设置于所述微杯结构 层靠近所述公共电极层或者所述像素电极层的一侧，所述反射层被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光。
在一些实施例中，所述每个微杯的第二开口在所述第二基板上的正投影为一个封闭图形，所述封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。
在一些实施例中，相邻两个微杯的第一开口在所述第一基板上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。
在一些实施例中，所述封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于15μm。相邻两个微杯的第一开口在所述第一基板上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度小于或等于15μm。
在一些实施例中，所述每个微杯的形状为棱台形或圆台形。
在一些实施例中，所述每个微杯的形状为正六棱台形。
在一些实施例中，所述每个微杯的第一开口的一组对边之间的最短距离为140μm～160μm。相邻两个微杯的第二开口在所述第二基板上的正投影之间的间隙宽度为140μm～160μm。
在一些实施例中，所述每个微杯在垂直于所述第一基板的方向上的尺寸为140μm～160μm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一基板还包括：第一衬底、有源器件层、透明的多个第一存储电容电极和透明的多个第二存储电容电极。所述第一衬底设置于所述像素电极层背离所述微杯结构层的一侧。所述有源器件层设置于所述第一衬底和所述像素电极层之间。所述有源器件层包括多个驱动开关管，所述多个驱动开关管与所述像素电极层的多个像素电极分别相对应电连接。所述透明的多个第一存储电容电极与所述多个驱动开关管分别相对应电连接。所述透明的多个第二存储电容电极与所述多个第一存储电容电极分别相对应，相对应的第一存储电容电极和第二存储电容电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影具有重叠区域。
在一些实施例中，所述多个驱动开关管中的每个驱动开关管包括栅极、 源极和漏极，所述栅极、所述源极和所述漏极的材料为透明的材料。
另一方面，提供一种显示装置。所述显示装置包括以上任一项所述的显示基板。
又一方面，提供一种显示基板的驱动方法。所述驱动方法被配置为驱动以上所述的显示基板。所述显示基板具有至少两种颜色的墨水态模式。对于所述至少两种颜色的墨水态模式中的每种颜色的墨水态模式，所述驱动方法包括：向所述显示基板中待显示目标颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输像素电压信号，并向所述显示基板的公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有目标值和目标极性的目标电压；利用所述目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示目标颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子泳动，持续驱动目标时间，使目标颜色的带电粒子相对于其他颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口。其中，所述目标值、所述目标极性和所述目标时间为，根据所述显示基板中不同种颜色的带电粒子之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入目标颜色的墨水态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。
在一些实施例中，所述显示基板包括第一颜色的带电粒子和第二颜色的带电粒子，所述第一颜色的带电粒子的迁移率大于所述第二颜色的带电粒子的迁移率；所述显示基板具有第一颜色的墨水态模式和第二颜色的墨水态模式。
在一些实施例中，对于所述第一颜色的墨水态模式，所述驱动方法包括：向待显示第一颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第一像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第一目标值和第一目标极性的第一目标电压，其中，所述第一目标极性与所述带电粒子的极性相反；利用所述第一目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第一颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第一开口泳动，持续驱动第一目标时间，使所述第一颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第二颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口。
在一些实施例中，对于所述第二颜色的墨水态模式，所述驱动方法包括多个驱动周期，每个所述驱动周期包括：向待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第二像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第二目标值和第二目标极性的第二目标电压，其中，所述第二目标极性与所述带电粒子的极性相同；利用所述第二目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第二开口泳动，持续驱动第二目标时间，使所述第一颜色的带电粒子和所述第二颜色的带电粒子分层，且所述第一颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第二颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第二开口；向所述待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第三像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第三目标值和第一目标极性的第三目标电压，其中，所述第三目标值小于所述第二目标值；利用所述第三目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第一开口泳动，持续驱动第三目标时间，使所述第二颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第一颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口，其中，所述第三目标时间大于所述第二目标时间。
在一些实施例中，所述显示基板还包括反射层，所述反射层设置于所述显示基板的微杯结构层靠近公共电极层的一侧，被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光。所述显示基板还具有设定颜色的透明态模式。对于所述设定颜色的透明态模式，所述驱动方法包括：向所述显示基板中待显示设定颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第四像素电压信号，并向所述显示基板的公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有设定值和设定极性的设定电压，其中，所述设定极性与所述带电粒子的极性相同；利用所述设定电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示设定颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第二开口泳动，持续驱动设定时间，使所述带电粒子聚集于其所在微杯的第二开口及其周围区域，其中，所述设定值、所述设定 极性和所述设定时间为，根据所述显示基板中不同种颜色的带电粒子之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入设定颜色的透明态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。
在一些实施例中，对于所述设定颜色的透明态模式，所述驱动方法还包括：减小所述设定电压的设定值，和/或，减小所述设定电压形成的电场进行驱动的设定时间，以减小所述带电粒子在其所在微杯的第一开口及其周围区域的聚集密度，使所述显示基板所显示的设定颜色的亮度变暗；增大所述设定电压的设定值，和/或，增大所述设定电压形成的电场进行驱动的设定时间，以增大所述带电粒子在其所在微杯的第一开口及其周围区域的聚集密度，使所述显示基板所显示的设定颜色的亮度变亮。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开中的技术方案，下面将对本公开一些实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A为根据一些实施例的一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图1B为根据一些实施例的另一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图2A为根据一些实施例的显示基板中多个微杯的正视结构示意图；
图2B为根据一些实施例的显示基板中多个微杯的俯视结构示意图；
图2C为根据一些实施例的显示基板中多个微杯的仰视结构示意图；
图3A为根据一些实施例的又一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图3B为根据一些实施例的显示基板中一个像素的俯视结构示意图；
图4A为根据一些实施例的又一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图4B为根据一些实施例的显示基板中一个像素的另一种俯视结构示意图；
图5为根据一些实施例的显示基板的一种显示状态的结构示意图；
图6为根据一些实施例的显示基板的另一种显示状态的结构示意 图；
图7为根据一些实施例的显示基板的又一种显示状态的结构示意图；
图8为根据一些实施例的显示基板的一种驱动方法的流程图；
图9为根据一些实施例的显示基板的另一种驱动方法的流程图；
图10为根据一些实施例的显示基板的又一种驱动方法的流程图；
图11为根据一些实施例的显示基板的又一种驱动方法的流程图；
图12为根据一些实施例的一种显示装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本公开一些实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开所提供的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
在电子纸的显示过程中，通过驱动电泳液内两种不同电性的染色粒子往返运动于电子纸的显示侧和非显示侧，可以控制电子纸的多个像素分别显示位于显示侧的染色粒子的颜色。通过在电子纸中添加多种颜色的染色粒子，能够实现电子纸的彩色化显示。
然而，由于电泳液内两种染色粒子的电性不同，使得两种染色粒子之间容易形成内建电场，导致电子纸中各像素区域内位于非显示侧的染色粒子会在内建电场的驱动下向显示侧移动，这造成电子纸各像素所显示的颜色掺杂有其他颜色的粒子，影响显示侧的显示效果。从而导致电子纸显示的颜色极不稳定，需要经常刷新，这不仅增加了刷新电子纸的时间，而且功耗高，造成了电能的浪费。
为此，本公开的一些实施例提供了一种显示基板1，如图1A所示，该显示基板1包括：第一基板11、微杯结构层131、电泳液133和第二基板12。
其中，第一基板11包括像素电极层112，像素电极层112包括多个像素电极112'。
微杯结构层131设置于第一基板11的一侧，例如微杯结构层131位于第一基板11的设置有像素电极层112的一侧。微杯结构层131包括多个微杯131'，所述多个微杯131'中的每个微杯131'具有靠近像素电极层112的第一开口1311，及与第一开口1311相对的第二开口1312，每个第一开口1311的大小大于对应的第二开口1312的大小。
电泳液133填充于所述多个微杯131'中，电泳液133掺有带电粒子132。
第二基板12设置于微杯结构层131及电泳液133背离第一基板11的一侧，第二基板12包括公共电极层122。
在一些实施例中，第一基板11还包括第一衬底111，像素电极层112设置在第一衬底111朝向微杯结构层131的一侧，微杯结构层131设置于像素电极层112背离第一衬底111的一侧。第二基板12还包括第二衬底121，公共电极层122设置于第一基板11朝向微杯结构层131的一侧。
显示基板1的第一基板11侧或第二基板12侧均可作为显示基板1的显示侧。
示例性的，如图1A所示，显示基板1的第一基板11侧作为显示基板1的显示侧，显示基板1的第二基板12侧作为显示基板1的非显示侧。这种情况下，需要第一衬底111和像素电极层112都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，第一衬底111的材质为玻璃，像素电极层112为利用诸如溅射和蒸发等工艺在第一衬底111上形成的氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)等透明导电薄膜。这样，带电粒子132所反射的光能够透过像素电极层112和第一衬底111被人眼所感知。
此外，这种情况下，若在显示基板1的第二基板12侧搭载反射层14，且反射层14位于第二衬底121背离公共电极层122的一侧，则需要第二衬底121和公共电极层122都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，第二衬底121的材质为玻璃，公共电极层122为利用诸如溅射或蒸发等工艺在第二衬底121上形成的氧化铟锡等透明导电薄膜。这样，反射层14所反射的光能够透过第二衬底121、公共电极层122、微杯结构层131、 像素电极层112和第一衬底111被人眼所感知。
若在显示基板1的第二基板12侧搭载反射层14，且反射层14位于第二衬底121朝向微杯结构层131的一侧，则需要反射层14与微杯结构层131之间的膜层都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，反射层14位于第二衬底121与公共电极层122之间，则需要公共电极层122为利用诸如溅射或蒸发等工艺在第二衬底121上形成的氧化铟锡等透明导电薄膜；又如，反射层14位于公共电极层122与微杯结构层131之间，则需要反射层14与微杯结构层131之间的膜层(如保护层)具有良好的光学透明性，反射层14与微杯结构层131之间无其它膜层则无上述要求。这样，反射层14所反射的光能够透过微杯结构层131、像素电极层112和第一衬底111被人眼所感知。
示例性的，如图1B所示，显示基板1的第二基板12侧作为显示基板1的显示侧，显示基板1的第一基板11侧作为显示基板1的非显示侧。这种情况下，第二衬底121和公共电极层122都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，第二衬底121的材质为玻璃，公共电极层122为利用诸如溅射或蒸发等工艺在第二衬底121上形成的氧化铟锡等透明导电薄膜。这样，带电粒子132所反射的光能够透过第二衬底121和公共电极层122被人眼所感知。
此外，这种情况下，若在显示基板1的第一基板11侧搭载反射层14，且反射层14位于第一衬底111背离像素电极层112的一侧，则需要第一衬底111和像素电极层112都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，第一衬底111的材质为玻璃，像素电极层112为利用诸如溅射和蒸发等工艺在第一衬底111上形成的氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)等透明导电薄膜。这样，反射层14所反射的光能够透过第一衬底111、像素电极层112、微杯结构层131、公共电极层122和第二衬底121被人眼所感知。
若在显示基板1的第一基板11侧搭载反射层14，且反射层14位于第一衬底111朝向微杯结构层131的一侧，则需要反射层14与微杯结构层131之 间的膜层都具有良好的光学透明性，以提高显示基板1的光线透过率。例如，反射层14位于像素电极层112与微杯结构层131之间，则需要反射层14与微杯结构层131之间的膜层(如平坦化层)具有良好的光学透明性，反射层14与微杯结构层131之间无其它膜层则无上述要求。这样，反射层14所反射的光能够透过微杯结构层131、公共电极层122和第二衬底121被人眼所感知。
在一些实施例中，每个微杯131'为一个容置腔体，被配置为容纳电泳液133和带电粒子132。在一些可能的设计中，微杯结构层131所包括的多个微杯131'可以通过对玻璃基板(Glass)进行刻蚀形成，也可以是对其它具有良好的光学透明性的材料(例如，聚对苯二甲酸(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)类塑料)进行刻蚀形成。带电粒子132悬浮于电泳液133中，以保证带电粒子132能够在电泳液133中进行有效地泳动。
在一些实施例中，像素电极层112和公共电极层122均与电泳液133直接接触，而出于显示基板1的透光性方面的考虑，在像素电极层112和公共电极层122的材料为诸如ITO的透明导电材料的情况下，为保证像素电极层112和公共电极层122不被电泳液133腐蚀，在像素电极层112与电泳液133接触的表面、及公共电极层122与电泳液133接触的表面设置保护层。示例性的，该保护层的材料包括但不限于二氧化硅(SiO 2)、氮化硅(SiN x)等透光性高且能够起到保护作用的材料中的至少一种。
这里，上述显示基板1的最小显示单元为每个像素电极112'所对应的像素，每个像素所对应的像素区域为相应像素电极112'在第一衬底111上的正投影所确定的区域。其中，位于每个像素电极112'所对应的像素区域内的微杯131'的数量可以为一个，也可以为多个。位于每个像素电极112'所对应的像素区域内的微杯131'的数量可以不为整数，例如，二分之一个、一又二分之一个、二又二分之一个，等等。无论位于每个像素电极112'所对应的像素区域内的微杯131'的数量是一个还是多个，是整数还是非整数，只要每个像素电极112'能够驱动位于相应像素区域内的带电粒子132进行泳动即可。
基于上述结构，当像素电极层112的一个像素电极112'和公共电极层122 之间形成电场时，能够驱动该像素电极112'对应的像素区域内的带电粒子132在其所在微杯131'中运动，使带电粒子132运动至其所在微杯131'靠近像素电极层112的一侧，即运动至其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311处，以使显示基板1显示带电粒子132的颜色。
而通过改变该像素电极112'和公共电极层122之间形成的电场的方向，能够驱动该像素电极112'对应的像素区域内的带电粒子132运动至带电粒子132所在微杯131'靠近公共电极层122的一侧，即运动至带电粒子132所在微杯131'的第二开口1312处。由于第一开口1311的大小大于第二开口1312的大小，这样人眼观测像素呈现带电粒子132颜色的部分的视角就会变小，像素呈现带电粒子132颜色的部分就会不易被观察到，从而达到对带电粒子132颜色隐藏的目的。从而使得相应像素能够根据需求呈现带电粒子132颜色或隐藏带电粒子132颜色。
在一些实施例中，上述电泳液133掺有至少两种颜色的带电粒子132，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子132的电性相同，不同种颜色的带电粒子132的迁移率不同。
所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子132的电性相同，意味着所有带电粒子132均带正电荷，或，所有带电粒子132均带负电荷。不同种颜色的带电粒子132的迁移率不同，可以理解为，相同颜色的带电粒子132的迁移率相同，不同种颜色的带电粒子132的迁移率不同。这里，迁移率是指带电粒子132在外加电场的作用下迁移的速率，外加电场的场强不同，则带电粒子132的迁移率也不同。
这样，当像素电极层112的一个像素电极112'和公共电极层122之间形成电场时，能够驱动该像素电极112'对应的像素区域内的带电粒子132在其所在微杯131'中运动。通过调整该像素电极112'和公共电极层122之间的电场的大小、方向及所施加的电场的持续时间，可以使具有所需要显示的颜色的带电粒子132运动至其所在微杯131'靠近像素电极层112的一侧，即运动至其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311处，而其他颜色的带电粒子132位于所述 具有所需要显示的颜色的带电粒子132背离像素电极层112的一侧，从而使显示基板1的相应像素显示所需要显示的颜色。
不仅如此，由于微杯结构层131中每个微杯131'内只有一种电性的带电粒子132，因此不同颜色的带电粒子132之间无法形成内建电场，从而远离像素电极层侧的带电粒子132不会在内建电场的驱动下向像素电极侧移动，这样避免了像素电极侧的带电粒子132中掺杂有远离像素电极层侧的带电粒子132的问题，消除了内建电场对像素电极层侧带电粒子132的影响，也就减少了对显示基板1的刷新时间，降低了功耗。而且，单电性的多种颜色的带电粒子132在被驱动的过程中，由于无需考虑内建电场的影响，因此还降低了对带电粒子132驱动的难度。
在一些实施例中，如图1A所示，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子132包括第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322，第一颜色的带电粒子1321的荷质比大于第二颜色的带电粒子1322的荷质比。此处，荷质比为带电粒子的电荷量和质量的比值。
需要说明的是，带电粒子132在电泳液133中的迁移率的大小与带电粒子132所处的电场强度的大小及其本身的荷质比的大小正相关。也就是说，在电场强度相同的情况下，带电粒子132的荷质比越大，则带电粒子132的迁移率越大，带电粒子132的荷质比越小，则带电粒子132的迁移率越小。
示例性的，第一颜色的带电粒子1321为黑色的带电粒子，第二颜色的带电粒子1322为红色的带电粒子，黑色的带电粒子的荷质比大于红色的带电粒子的荷质比，这意味着在电场强度相同的情况下，黑色的带电粒子的迁移率大于红色的带电粒子的迁移率。
在一些实施例中，每颗带电粒子132的粒径范围为10nm～100nm。示例性的，在显示基板1所包括的至少两种颜色的带电粒子132包括第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322的情况下，每颗第一颜色的带电粒子1321的粒径为30nm，每颗第二颜色的带电粒子1322的粒径为80nm。
当像素电极层112和公共电极层122之间的电场驱动带电粒子132运动 至其所在微杯131'靠近公共电极层122的一侧时，即运动至其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312处时，由于每个微杯131'的第一开口1311的大小大于第二开口1312的大小，因此运动至第二开口1312处的带电粒子132无法对第二基板12进行遮蔽，此时显示基板1呈透明态。当显示基板1的第一基板11侧或者第二基板12侧搭载有其他的颜色膜层或图案膜层时，显示基板1显示该颜色膜层或图案膜层。
在一些实施例中，如图1A和图1B所示，显示基板1还包括：反射层14。反射层14设置于微杯结构层131靠近公共电极层122或者像素电极层112的一侧，反射层14被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光。示例性的，反射层14为涂布有设定颜色涂料的膜层；又示例性的，反射层14为掺有设定颜色颜料的膜层。
此处，如图1A所示，在显示基板1的第一基板11侧为显示侧的情况下，反射层14设置于微杯结构层131靠近公共电极层122的一侧，也即反射层14设置于微杯结构层131与公共电极层122之间，或者反射层14设置于公共电极层122远离微杯结构层131的一侧。
如图1B所示，在显示基板1的第二基板12侧为显示侧时，反射层14设置于微杯结构层131靠近像素电极层112的一侧，也即反射层14设置于微杯结构层131与像素电极层112之间，或者反射层14设置于像素电极层112远离微杯结构层131的一侧。
在一些可能的设计中，反射层14所能够反射的光的设定颜色选择高亮度颜色，例如，设定颜色为黄色或橙色。由于高亮度的颜色反射的光容易被观看到，这使得具有高亮度颜色的反射层14能够产生较好的反射效果。在此基础上，当带电粒子132与反射层14搭配应用于显示基板1中时，带电粒子132的颜色选择低亮度颜色，例如，带电粒子132的颜色包括红色、黑色、绿色或紫色等。这样，当显示基板1显示带电粒子132的颜色时，带电粒子132的颜色能够对反射层14的颜色进行遮蔽，防止显示基板1显示的画面中掺有反射层14颜色而影响显示效果。
上述实施例中，显示基板1在呈透明态时，能够显示反射层14的颜色，这样在不增加带电粒子132的颜色种类的情况下，使显示基板1所能显示的颜色又增加了至少一种，从而使显示基板1能够显示色彩更加复杂的画面。
在一些实施例中，上述微杯结构层131的每个微杯131'的第二开口1312在第二基板12上的正投影为一个封闭图形，该封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。
此处，封闭图形例如可以为圆形、三角形、正方形或其他形状，该封闭图形也可以是由不规则曲线所围合成的平面图形。
人眼的极限分辨尺寸为人眼观察不同尺寸的事物时，对不同尺寸的事物由可分辨至不可分辨的界限尺寸，事物的尺寸小于或等于该界限尺寸时，则人眼不能分辨或者几乎不能分辨。
这样，当像素电极层112和公共电极层122之间形成的电场驱动带电粒子132运动至其所在微杯131'靠近公共电极层122的一侧，即其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312处时，人眼无法观察到或者几乎无法观察到带电粒子132显示的颜色，从而显示基板1为透明态，或者在显示基板1包括反射层14的情况下，显示基板1显示反射层14的颜色。
为防止相邻两个微杯13的第一开口1311之间的间隙透射反射层的颜色，而使显示基板1需要显示的颜色受到影响，在一些实施例中，相邻两个微杯13的第一开口1311在第一基板11上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。这样，人眼无法观察到或者几乎无法观察到相邻两个微杯13的第一开口1311之间的间隙透射的反射层的颜色，从而避免了反射层的颜色对显示基板1需要显示的颜色造成影响。
一般人眼的极限分辨尺寸在15μm左右，因此，示例性的，上述封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于15μm；相邻两个微杯131'的第一开口1311在第一基板11上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度小于或等于15μm。当像素电极层112和公共电极层122之间形成的电场驱动带电粒子132运动至其所在微杯131'靠近公共电极层122的一侧时，即运动至 其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312处时，第二开口1312的大小能够保证人眼无法观察到或者几乎无法观察到带电粒子132所显示的颜色，而且显示基板1需要显示的颜色也不会受到相邻两个微杯13的第一开口1311之间的间隙透射的反射层的颜色的影响。
在一些实施例中，每个微杯131'的形状为棱台形或圆台形。棱台是指一个棱锥被平行于它的底面的一个平面所截后，截面与底面之间的几何形体。棱台的两底面是两个相似的多边形，其侧面由多个梯形构成。当每个微杯131'的形状为三棱台形时，则每个微杯131'的第一开口1311和第二开口1312的形状为三角形；当每个微杯131'的形状为六棱台形时，则每个微杯131'的第一开口1311和第二开口1312的形状为六边形。
而圆台是指一个圆锥被平行于它的底面的一个平面所截后，截面与底面之间的几何形体。当每个微杯131'的形状为圆台形时，则每个微杯131'的第一开口1311和第二开口1312的形状为圆形。
示例的，如图2A、图2B和图2C所示，每个微杯131'的形状为正六棱台形，即每个微杯131'的第一开口1311所确定的平面和第二开口1312所确定的平面分别为正六棱台形的两底面，二者相互平行，且第一开口1311的开口形状和第二开口1312的开口形状均为正六边形。每个微杯131'包括六个侧面，六个侧面的形状为相同的等腰梯形。这样设置，使得每个微杯131'的受力均匀，具有较好的稳固性。
在一些可能的设计中，如图2B所示，每个微杯131'的第一开口1311的一组对边之间的最短距离D 1为140μm～160μm，这样，第一开口1311的大小能够满足高像素密度(Pixels Per Inch，PPI)的需求。
在一些可能的设计中，如图2B和图2C所示，所述多个微杯131'在第一基板11上的正投影中，相邻两个微杯131'的第一开口1311的正投影之间的间隙宽度D 4为12μm～15μm，相邻两个微杯131'的第二开口1312的正投影之间的间隙宽度D 5为140μm～160μm。这样，能够使得每个微杯131'的第一开口1311与第二开口1312的正投影的中心重合，保证每个微杯131'呈正 棱台形，使得每个微杯131'各处的受力更加均匀；并且，相邻两个微杯131'的第一开口1311的正投影之间的间隙宽度D 4为12μm～15μm，能够保证相邻两个微杯131'的第一开口1311之间的间隙不被人眼察觉或者几乎不被人眼察觉。
在一些实施例中，如图2A、图2B和图2C所示，所述多个微杯131'的形状为正六棱台形，每个微杯131'的第一开口1311的一组对边之间的最短距离D 1为150μm，每个微杯131'的第二开口1312的一组对边之间的最短距离D 2为15μm；每个微杯131'在垂直于第一基板11的方向上的尺寸D 3为150μm；所述多个微杯131'在第一基板11上的正投影中，相邻两个微杯131'的正投影的第一开口1311之间的间隙宽度D 4为15μm，相邻两个微杯131'的正投影的第二开口1312之间的间隙宽度D 5为150μm。
在一些可能的设计中，如图2A所示，每个微杯131'在垂直于第一基板11的方向上的尺寸D 3为140μm～160μm，该尺寸也即每个微杯131'中带电粒子132在第一开口1311与第二开口1312之间进行迁移的最大迁移距离。该尺寸范围既能够保证带电粒子132有足够的迁移距离，以使不同颜色的带电粒子132能够充分分层，进而使得显示基板1显示不同颜色；又不会因微杯结构层131在垂直于第一基板11的方向上的尺寸过大而造成显示基板1过厚，从而满足显示基板1轻薄化的需求。
在一些实施例中，如图3A和图4A所示，第一基板11还包括：有源器件层113,有源器件层113设置于第一衬底111和像素电极层112之间。
有源器件层113包括多个驱动开关管1134、透明的多个第一存储电容电极1133和透明的多个第二存储电容电极1131。每个驱动开关管1134例如为TFT(Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管)，每个驱动开关管1134与像素电极层112中的相应像素电极112'电连接，例如每个驱动开关管1134的漏极与相应像素电极112'电连接，每个驱动开关管1134被配置为对与其电连接的像素电极112'进行驱动。
由于在单电性的多种颜色的带电粒子132的驱动过程中，无需考虑内建 电场的影响，带电粒子132的驱动难度降低，因此对所述多个驱动开关管1134性能的要求也能够相应的降低，这就使得，每个驱动开关管1134的尺寸能够减小，从而每个驱动开关管1134的遮光面积能够减小，这有助于提高显示基板1的光线透过率。
示例性的，如图4A和图4B所示，上述每个驱动开关管1134为单栅薄膜晶体管(薄膜晶体管有一个栅极)，这样，驱动开关管1134在第一衬底111上的正投影会比较小，从而减小了每个驱动开关管1134对显示基板1的显示所造成的影响。
示例性的，如图3A和图3B所示，上述每个驱动开关管1134为双栅薄膜晶体管(薄膜晶体管有两个栅极)，这样，在每个驱动开关管1134关闭后，可以减小漏电流对像素电极112'的影响。
在一些可能的设计中，每个驱动开关管1134在第一衬底111上的正投影在一个长20μm，宽15μm的矩形范围内，由于人眼的极限分辨尺寸一般在15μm左右，因此在上述尺寸范围内，每个驱动开关管1134为人眼不可见或者几乎为人眼不可见，从而保证了每个驱动开关管1134不会对显示基板1的显示造成影响。
透明的多个第一存储电容电极1133与所述多个驱动开关管1134分别相对应电连接，例如每个第一存储电容电极1133与相应驱动开关管的漏极电连接，因此每个第一存储电容电极1133上的电信号与相应驱动开关管1134所对应的像素电极112'上的电信号相同。
本公开实施例对所述多个第一存储电容电极1133所处的膜层位置并不设限。示例性的，如图3A所示，所述多个第一存储电容电极1133与像素电极层112的多个像素电极112'异层设置。例如，所述多个第一存储电容电极1133可设置于像素电极层112朝向第一衬底111的一侧，且所述多个第一存储电容电极1133与像素电极层112之间通过绝缘层1135隔开。
示例性的，如图4A所示，所述多个第一存储电容电极1133与像素电极层112的多个像素电极112'同层设置。
例如，所述多个第一存储电容电极1133与所述多个像素电极112'均为相互分离的独立的电极，每个第一存储电容电极1133直接与相应的驱动开关管1134电连接；或者，每个第一存储电容电极1133通过连接线与相应的像素电极112'电连接，从而使每个第一存储电容电极1133通过相应的像素电极112'与相应的驱动开关管1134间接电连接。
又如，如图4A所示，每个第一存储电容电极1133与相应的像素电极112'形成为一体结构，也可以这样认为，每个像素电极112'延伸至待形成相应的第一存储电容电极1133的区域，延伸部分作为相应的第一存储电容电极1133，这相当于每个像素电极112'兼具相应的第一存储电容电极1133的功能，这样有利于简化显示基板1的制备工艺。
如图3A和图4A所示，所述透明的多个第二存储电容电极1131，与所述多个第一存储电容电极1133分别相对应，相对应的第一存储电容电极1133和第二存储电容电极1131在第一衬底111上的正投影具有重叠区域，这样，相对应的第一存储电容电极1133和第二存储电容电极1131之间能够形成存储电容器。
其中，所述多个第二存储电容电极1131设置于第一衬底111靠近所述多个第一存储电容电极1133的一侧，每个第二存储电容电极1131接地或者电连接公共电压端。这样，相对应的第一存储电容电极1133和第二存储电容电极1131中，第一存储电容电极1133的电压为相应像素电极112'上的像素电压，第二存储电容电极1131的电压为接地电压或者公共电压，从而二者之间形成存储电容器。
需要说明的是，在一些实施例中，第一基板11还包括设置于所述多个第一存储电容电极1133和所述多个第二存储电容电极1131之间的第一绝缘层1132，以使所述多个第一存储电容电极1133和所述多个第二存储电容电极1131之间保持电绝缘。
在一些实施例中，有源器件层113所包括的每个驱动开关管1134包括栅极、源极和漏极，栅极、源极和漏极的材料采用透明导电材料，这样使得 每个驱动开关管1134变得透明，增大了显示基板1的光线透过率。示例性的，每个驱动开关管1134的栅极、源极和漏极所采用的透明导电材料可以为透明的金属氧化物导电材料，例如ITO、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide，氧化铟锌)等。
在一些可能的设计中，每个驱动开关管1134的栅极、源极和漏极可以采用和所述多个第一存储电容电极1133及所述多个第二存储电容电极1131相同的透明导电材料，例如ITO、IZO等。
在一些可能的设计中，如图3A和图4A所示，每个驱动开关管1134的栅极设置于第一衬底111上，与对应的第二存储电容电极1131同层设置，且二者采用相同的透明导电材料，这就使得每个驱动开关管1134的栅极能够与对应的第二存储电容电极1131在同一工序中形成。
在另一些可能的设计中，如图3所示，每个第一存储电容电极1133与对应的驱动开关管1134的漏极和源极同层设置，且它们采用相同的透明导电材料，这就使得每个驱动开关管1134的漏极、源极、及与漏极对应的第一存储电容电极1133能够在同一工序中形成，从而简化了生产工序。
在一些实施例中，如图1A和图1B所示，显示基板1还包括导电部件15。导电部件15设置于微杯结构层131的外侧，导电部件15的一端与第二基板12的公共电极层122电连接，另一端与第一基板11的多个第二存储电容电极1131电连接。这样，通过仅在第一基板11上设置接收公共电压的端口，显示基板1外部提供的公共电压信号由该端口传输给第一基板11的多个第二存储电容电极1131，并且公共电压信号能够通过该导电部件15传输至第二基板12的公共电极层122，从而无需在第二基板12上设置公共电压的端口，就能够向第二基板12的公共电极层122传输公共电压，简化了第二基板12的结构。示例性的，导电部件15的材料包括导电银胶。
在一些实施例中，如图1A和图1B所示，显示基板1还包括：封框胶16。封框胶16设置于第一基板11与第二基板12之间，且围绕微杯结构层131，这样，封框胶16能够将第一基板11与第二基板12粘接在一起，以对第一基板11和第二基板12之间的微杯结构层131进行密封，从而对微杯结构层131 形成保护，避免微杯结构层131受到外部的水气侵蚀和空气氧化。示例性的，封框胶16位于微杯结构层131的外侧，围绕微杯结构层131一圈，形成为框形结构。
在显示基板还包括导电部件15的情况下，导电部件15位于封框胶16的靠近所述微杯结构层131的一侧。进一步的，当封框胶16形成为框形结构的情况下，导电部件15位于封框胶16所形成的框形结构内部。这样，封框胶16将导电部件15封装于显示基板1的内部，能够起到保护导电部件15的作用。
在一些实施例中，如图1A和图1B所示，显示基板1还包括：控制芯片17。控制芯片17设置于第一基板11朝向第二基板12的一侧的边框区域18(如图1中的虚线框18所示的区域)，且被封装于封框胶16中。控制芯片17与第一基板11的有源器件层113电连接，以向有源器件层113中的所述多个驱动开关管1134传输控制信号，使所述多个驱动开关管1134对对应的像素电极112'进行驱动。在显示基板还包括导电部件15的情况下，控制芯片17还与导电部件15电连接，以通过导电部件15向第二基板12的公共电极层122传输公共电压。
在一些实施例中，显示基板1还包括：柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，简称FPC)，柔性电路板与控制芯片17电连接，被配置为于向控制芯片17输出数据信号和工作电压。其中，数据信号为控制显示基板1中每个像素电极112'上的电压的信号，工作电压为控制芯片17的工作电压。
在一些实施例中，如图1A、图1B、图3A、图4A、图5图6和图7所示，上述显示基板1还包括保护层19和胶粘层10。保护层19被配置为将显示基板1显示侧的基板(即第一基板11或第二基板12)与空气中的水气、氧气进行隔绝，以防止空气中水气和氧气对显示基板1显示侧的基板的侵蚀氧化。胶粘层10被配置为将保护层19和第一基板11粘接在一起。
需要说明的是，由于保护层19和胶粘层10设置于显示基板1的显示侧，因此，保护层19和胶粘层10需要具有良好的光学透明性，示例性的，保护 层19的材质可为聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene，简称PS)，胶粘层10可为光学透明胶(Optically Clear Adhesive，简称OCA)。
如图12所示，本公开的一些实施例提供了一种显示装置100，该显示装置100包括上述实施例所述的显示基板1。
该显示装置100所包括的显示基板1中，具有包括多个微杯131'的微结构层131，每个微杯131'中容纳掺有带电粒子132的电泳液133，这样通过驱动带电粒子132在其所在的131'中泳动，可以实现画面的显示。
示例性的，显示装置100包括电子书阅读器、商场的电子标签、广告展示牌、电子指示牌、以及带有显示功能的智能终端等具有显示功能的产品或部件。
在此基础上，上述显示装置100通过在显示基板1的微杯结构层131中的每个微杯131'内只设置一种电性的带电粒子132，使带电粒子132之间无法形成内建电场，从而消除了内建电场中非显示侧带电粒子132对显示侧带电粒子132的影响，减少了对显示基板1的刷新时间，降低功耗。不仅如此，单电性的多种颜色的带电粒子132在被驱动的过程中，由于无需考虑内建电场的影响，因此还降低了对带电粒子132驱动的难度。
本公开的一些实施例提供了一种显示基板1的驱动方法，该控制方法被配置为驱动如上面一些实施例所述的显示基板1，该显示基板1具有至少两种颜色的带电粒子132，从而该显示基板1具有至少两种颜色的墨水态模式。
对于所述至少两种颜色的墨水态模式中的每种颜色的墨水态模式，如图3A、图4A、图5、及图8所示，显示基板1的驱动方法包括S100～S200。
S100：向显示基板1中待显示目标颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输像素电压信号，向显示基板1的公共电极层122传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有目标值和目标极性的目标电压。
S200：利用目标电压形成的电场驱动处于待显示目标颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132泳动，持续驱动目标时间，使目标颜色的带电粒子132相对 于其他颜色的带电粒子132更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311。
其中，目标值、目标极性和目标时间为，根据显示基板1中不同种颜色的带电粒子132之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入目标颜色的墨水态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。此处，目标值为目标电压的大小的绝对值，目标时间为目标电压的持续时间，目标极性为目标电压的极性，即目标电压为正极性或目标电压为负极性。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例中所提及的正极性和负极性均是以施加在公共电极层122上的公共电压信号的电位为参考而言的，若相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122的电位之差为正值，则目标电压为正极性；若相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122的电位之差为负值，则目标电压为负极性。
基于显示基板1的结构可知，通过控制像素电极层112和公共电极层122之间的电位之差以形成不同的电场，当像素电极层112的一个像素电极112'和公共电极层122之间形成电场时，能够驱动该像素电极112'对应像素区域内的带电粒子132在其所在微杯131'中运动。通过调整该像素电极112'和公共电极层122之间的电场的大小、方向及施加电场的持续时间，能够使具有所需要显示的颜色的带电粒子132运动至其所在微杯131'靠近像素电极层112的一侧，即运动至其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311处，而其他颜色的带电粒子132位于所述具有所需要显示的颜色的带电粒子132背离所述像素电极层112的一侧，这样就使与该像素电极112'对应的像素显示所需要显示的颜色。
基于此，在使像素电极层112的一个像素电极112'对应的像素显示所需要显示的颜色的过程中，由于微杯结构层131的每个微杯131'内只有一种电性的带电粒子132，这使得不同颜色的带电粒子132之间无法形成内建电场，从而消除了内建电场对显示侧带电粒子132的影响，减少了刷新时间，降低了功耗。
如图3A、图4A和图5所示，在一些实施例中，显示基板1包括第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322，第一颜色的带电粒子1321 的迁移率大于第二颜色的带电粒子1322的迁移率。相应的，显示基板1具有第一颜色的墨水态模式和第二颜色的墨水态模式。第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322均为带正电荷的粒子，或者均为带负电荷的粒子。
示例性的，第一颜色的带电粒子1321包括黑色的带电粒子，第二颜色的带电粒子1322包括红色的带电粒子，黑色的带电粒子的迁移率大于红色的带电粒子的迁移率。相应的，显示基板1具有黑色墨水态模式(即第一颜色的墨水态模式)和红色墨水态模式(即第二颜色的墨水态模式)。黑色的带电粒子和红色的带电粒子均为带正电荷的粒子，或者均为带负电荷的粒子。
在一些实施例中，如图3A、图4A、和图9所示，对于第一颜色的墨水态模式，显示基板1的驱动方法包括S110～S210。
S110：向待显示第一颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第一像素电压信号，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第一目标值和第一目标极性的第一目标电压。
在S110中，第一目标极性与带电粒子132的极性相反，这样，具有第一目标极性的第一目标电压所形成的电场能够驱动带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311运动。
S210：利用第一目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第一颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311泳动，持续驱动第一目标时间，使第一颜色的带电粒子1321相对于第二颜色的带电粒子1322更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311。
在S210中，由于第一颜色的带电粒子1321的迁移率大于第二颜色的带电粒子1322的迁移率，在第一目标电压形成的电场的驱动下，第一颜色的带电粒子1321比第二颜色的带电粒子1322先到达其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311，这样，待显示第一颜色的像素显示第一颜色。
示例性的，第一颜色的带电粒子1321包括黑色的带电粒子，第二颜色的带电粒子1322包括红色的带电粒子，黑色的带电粒子的迁移率大于红色的带电粒子的迁移率；显示基板1的第一颜色的墨水态模式为黑色墨水态模式； 黑色的带电粒子和红色的带电粒子均带正电。如图3A、图4A所示，若要显示基板1显示黑色，则显示基板1的驱动方法包括：
向待显示黑色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第一像素电压信号(其电位例如为-15V)，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号(其电位例如为接地电位，即零电位)，使得相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第一目标值(15V)和第一目标极性(负极性)的第一目标电压。
利用第一目标电压形成电场，此时，电场线方向由公共电极层122指向对应的像素电极112'，电场力驱动待显示黑色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311泳动，持续驱动第一目标时间(例如为320ms)。由于黑色的带电粒子的迁移率大于红色的带电粒子的迁移率，因此在相同的电场力的作用下，黑色的带电粒子会比红色的带电粒子更先到达其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311侧，这样黑色的带电粒子相对于红色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311，此时，对应像素显示黑色。
在一些实施例中，如图5和图10所示，对于第二颜色的墨水态模式，显示基板1的驱动方法包括多个驱动周期，每个驱动周期包括S120、S220、S130和S230。
S120：向待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第二像素电压信号，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第二目标值和第二目标极性的第二目标电压。
在S120中，第二目标极性与带电粒子的极性相同，这样，具有第二目标极性的第二目标电压所形成的电场能够驱动带电粒子132向相应微杯131'的第二开口1312运动。
S220：利用第二目标电压形成的电场驱动处于待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312泳动，持续驱动第二目标时间，使第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322分层，且第一颜色的带电粒子1321相对于第二颜色的带电粒子1322更靠近其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312；
在S220中，由于第一颜色的带电粒子1321的迁移率大于第二颜色的带电粒子1322的迁移率，在第二目标电压形成的电场的驱动下，第一颜色的带电粒子1321比第二颜色的带电粒子1322更靠近其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312。
S130：向待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第三像素电压信号，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第三目标值和第一目标极性的第三目标电压。
在S130中，第三目标值小于第二目标值，这样，第一目标极性的第三目标电压所形成的电场驱动带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311运动，而由于第三目标值小于第二目标值，这使得带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311运动的迁移率会比较小。
S230：利用第三目标电压形成的电场驱动处于待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311泳动，持续驱动第三目标时间，使第二颜色的带电粒子1322相对于第一颜色的带电粒子1321更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311。
由于相对于S120和S220，在S130中，在第三目标电压形成的电场的驱动下，第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322的迁移率中会有所减小，因此，在S230中，要驱动带电粒子132由相应微杯131'的第二开口1312迁移至其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311，则应使电场驱动的持续时间第三目标时间大于S220中的第二目标时间。
在S230的迁移过程中，由于初始时第一颜色的带电粒子1321相对于第二颜色的带电粒子1322更靠近其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312，并且迁移过程中第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322的迁移率较小，即移动比较慢，因此迁移过程中第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322的相对位置不会发生变化，仍然为第一颜色的带电粒子1321相对于第二颜色的带电粒子1322更靠近其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312，从而当带电粒子132迁移至其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311后，此时第二颜色的 带电粒子1322相对于第一颜色的带电粒子1321更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311。
基于上述驱动方式，可以使第二颜色的带电粒子1322相对于第一颜色的带电粒子1321更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311，从而使第二颜色的带电粒子1322和第一颜色的带电粒子1321之间形成分层的趋势，这样，经过多个周期的驱动，第一颜色的带电粒子1321和第二颜色的带电粒子1322的分层效果越来越明显，使第二颜色的带电粒子1322相对于第一颜色的带电粒子1321更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311。
示例性的，如图5所示，若要显示基板1显示红色，则显示基板1的驱动方法包括：向待显示红色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第二像素电压信号(其电位例如为+15V)，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号(其电位例如为接地电位，即零电位)，使得相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第二目标值(15V)和第二目标极性(正极性)的第二目标电压。
利用第二目标电压形成电场，此时，电场线方向由对应的像素电极112'指向公共电极层122，电场力驱动待显示红色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向微杯131'的第二开口1312泳动，持续驱动第二目标时间(例如为30ms)，使黑色的带电粒子和红色的带电粒子分层，此时，黑色的带电粒子相对于红色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312。
然后，向待显示红色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第三像素电压信号(其电位例如为-6V)，并向公共电极层122传输公共电压信号(其电位例如为接地电位，即零电位)，使得相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有第三目标值(6V)和第一目标极性(例如为负极性)的第三目标电压。
利用第三目标电压形成电场，此时，电场线方向由公共电极层122指向对应的像素电极112'，电场力驱动待显示红色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向微杯131'的第一开口1311泳动，持续驱动第三目标时间(例如为350ms)。由于第三目标电压的电压值较小，因此第三目标电压形成的电场的强度较小， 红色的带电粒子和黑色的带电粒子会整体缓慢的向其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311泳动。
然后循环执行上述带电粒子132的两个泳动过程，循环次数例如为12次，即驱动周期为12个周期，以来回振荡的方式使红色的带电粒子相对于黑色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311，从而使对应像素显示红色。
如图6和图7所示，在一些实施例中，显示基板1还包括反射层14，反射层14设置于显示基板1的微杯结构层131靠近公共电极层122的一侧，被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光。相应的，显示基板1还具有设定颜色的透明态模式。
如图6、图7和图11所示，对于上述设定颜色的透明态模式，驱动方法包括S300～S400。
S300：向显示基板1中待显示设定颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第四像素电压信号，向显示基板1的公共电极层122传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有设定值和设定极性的设定电压。
在S300中，设定极性与带电粒子的极性相同，这样，设定极性的设定电压所形成的电场能够驱动带电粒子132向相应微杯131'的第二开口1312运动。
S400：利用设定电压形成的电场驱动处于待显示设定颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向相应微杯131'的第二开口1312泳动，持续驱动设定时间，使带电粒子聚集于其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312及其周围区域。
其中，设定值、设定极性和设定时间为，根据显示基板1中不同种颜色的带电粒子132之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入设定颜色的透明态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。
当像素电极层112和公共电极层122之间的电场驱动带电粒子132运动至公共电极层122的一侧时，由于每个微杯131'靠近像素电极层112的第一开口1311的大小大于与第一开口1311相对的第二开口1312的大小，因此运 动至公共电极层122侧的带电粒子132无法对第二基板12进行遮蔽，此时显示基板1呈透明态。基于此，在显示基板1包括具有设定颜色的反射层14的情况下，显示基板1显示反射层14的颜色。
示例性的，如图6所示，设定带电粒子132带正电荷，反射层14的颜色为黄色。若要显示基板1显示黄色，则显示基板1的驱动方法包括S310～S410。
S310：向显示基板1中待显示反射层14颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第四像素电压信号(其电位例如为+20V)；向显示基板1的公共电极层122传输公共电压信号(其电位例如为接地电位，即零电位)，使相应的像素电极112'与公共电极层122之间产生具有设定值(20V)和设定极性(正极性)的设定电压。
S410：利用设定电压形成的电场，此时，电场线方向由对应的像素电极指向公共电极层122，电场力驱动待显示设定颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子132向其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312泳动，持续驱动设定时间(例如为2000ms)，使带电粒子132聚集于其所在微杯131'的第二开口1312及其周围区域。
在第二开口1312在第二基板12上的正投影为一个封闭图形，且该封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸的情况下，人眼无法观察到带电粒子的颜色，此时，带电粒子132无法对反射层14的颜色进行遮挡，显示基板1中的待显示像素显示黄色。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，当显示基板1呈透明态模式时，通过控制带电粒子132在其所在微杯131'中的分布位置，使显示基板1具有不同程度的透明态，从而使显示基板1呈现亮度不同的反射层14的颜色。因此，对于设定颜色的透明态模式，上述驱动方法还包括：
减小设定电压的设定值，和/或，减小设定电压进行驱动的设定时间，以减小带电粒子132在其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311及其周围区域的聚集密度，使显示基板1所显示的设定颜色的亮度变暗。
增大所述设定电压的设定值，和/或，增大设定电压进行驱动的设定时间， 以增大所述带电粒子在其所在微杯131'的第一开口1311及其周围区域的聚集密度，使所述显示基板1所显示的设定颜色的亮度变亮。
示例性的，将向显示基板1中待显示反射层14颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第四像素电压信号减小至+18V，使设定电压形成的电场的场强减小；将设定电压进行持续驱动的设定时间减小至1800ms的设定时间，这就使得聚集于待显示反射层14颜色的像素区域中微杯131'的第二开口1312及其周围区域的带电粒子132的分布密度减小。此时，带电粒子132对反射层14的颜色有轻微的遮挡，待显示像素显示第一亮度等级的黄色。
示例性的，将向显示基板1中待显示反射层14颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第四像素电压信号减小至+18V，使设定电压形成的电场的场强减小；将设定电压进行持续驱动的设定时间减小至1500ms，这就使得聚集于待显示反射层14颜色的像素区域中微杯131'的第二开口1312及其周围区域的带电粒子132的分布密度进一步减小。此时，带电粒子132对反射层14的颜色有进一步的遮挡，待显示像素显示第二亮度等级的黄色。
示例性的，将向显示基板1中待显示反射层14颜色的像素对应的像素电极112'传输第四像素电压信号减小至+16V，使设定电压形成的电场的场强减小；将设定电压进行持续驱动的设定时间减小至1300ms，这就使得聚集于待显示反射层14颜色的像素区域中微杯131'的第二开口1312及其周围区域的带电粒子132的分布密度再进一步减小。此时，带电粒子132对反射层14的颜色有再进一步的遮挡，待显示像素显示第三亮度等级的黄色。
其中，由第一亮度等级的黄色至第二亮度等级的黄色，再至第三亮度等级的黄色，亮度逐渐变暗。
需要说明的是，上述实施例均是以带电粒子132所带电荷为正电荷进行示例性说明的。若上述带电粒子132所带电荷为负电荷，则在利用目标电压形成的电场对待显示目标颜色的像素对应的微杯131'中的带电粒子132进行驱动时，需对上述目标电压的极性进行改变。
在上述实施方式的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在 任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示基板，包括：
    第一基板，包括像素电极层，所述像素电极层包括多个像素电极；
    微杯结构层，设置于所述第一基板的一侧，所述微杯结构层包括多个微杯，所述多个微杯中的每个微杯具有靠近所述像素电极层的第一开口，及与所述第一开口相对的第二开口，所述第一开口的大小大于所述第二开口的大小；
    电泳液，填充于所述多个微杯中，所述电泳液掺有带电粒子；
    第二基板，设置于所述微杯结构层及所述电泳液背离所述第一基板的一侧，所述第二基板包括公共电极层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，所述电泳液掺有至少两种颜色的带电粒子，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子的电性相同，不同种颜色的带电粒子的迁移率不同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，所述至少两种颜色的带电粒子包括第一颜色的带电粒子和第二颜色的带电粒子，所述第一颜色的带电粒子的荷质比大于所述第二颜色的带电粒子的荷质比。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的显示基板，还包括：反射层，设置于所述微杯结构层靠近所述公共电极层或者所述像素电极层的一侧，所述反射层被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的显示基板，所述每个微杯的第二开口在所述第二基板上的正投影为一个封闭图形，所述封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的显示基板，相邻两个微杯的第一开口在所述第一基板上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度小于或等于人眼的极限分辨尺寸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示基板，其中，所述封闭图形边界上的任意一点到边界上其它点的距离均小于或等于15μm；
    相邻两个微杯的第一开口在所述第一基板上的正投影的之间的间隙宽度 小于或等于15μm。
  8. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的显示基板，其中，所述每个微杯的形状为棱台形或圆台形。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示基板，其中，所述每个微杯的形状为正六棱台形。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示基板，其中，所述每个微杯的第一开口的一组对边之间的最短距离为140μm～160μm；
    相邻两个微杯的第二开口在所述第二基板上的正投影之间的间隙宽度为140μm～160μm。
  11. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的显示基板，所述每个微杯在垂直于所述第一基板的方向上的尺寸为140μm～160μm。
  12. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一基板还包括：
    第一衬底，所述像素电极层设置于所述第一衬底的一侧；
    有源器件层，设置于所述第一衬底和所述像素电极层之间，所述有源器件层包括多个驱动开关管，所述多个驱动开关管与所述像素电极层的多个像素电极分别相对应电连接；
    透明的多个第一存储电容电极，与所述多个驱动开关管分别相对应电连接；
    透明的多个第二存储电容电极，与所述多个第一存储电容电极分别相对应，相对应的第一存储电容电极和第二存储电容电极在所述第一衬底上的正投影具有重叠区域。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个驱动开关管中的每个驱动开关管包括栅极、源极和漏极，所述栅极、所述源极和所述漏极的材料为透明的材料。
  14. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求1～13中任一项所述的显示基板。
  15. 一种显示基板的驱动方法，被配置为驱动如权利要求2所述的显示 基板，所述显示基板具有至少两种颜色的墨水态模式；
    对于所述至少两种颜色的墨水态模式中的每种颜色的墨水态模式，所述驱动方法包括：
    向所述显示基板中待显示目标颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输像素电压信号，并向所述显示基板的公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有目标值和目标极性的目标电压；
    利用所述目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示目标颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子泳动，持续驱动目标时间，使目标颜色的带电粒子相对于其他颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口；
    其中，所述目标值、所述目标极性和所述目标时间为，根据所述显示基板中不同种颜色的带电粒子之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入目标颜色的墨水态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的驱动方法，其中，所述显示基板包括第一颜色的带电粒子和第二颜色的带电粒子，所述第一颜色的带电粒子的迁移率大于所述第二颜色的带电粒子的迁移率；所述显示基板具有第一颜色的墨水态模式和第二颜色的墨水态模式。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的驱动方法，其中，对于所述第一颜色的墨水态模式，所述驱动方法包括：
    向待显示第一颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第一像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第一目标值和第一目标极性的第一目标电压；其中，所述第一目标极性与所述带电粒子的极性相反；
    利用所述第一目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第一颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第一开口泳动，持续驱动第一目标时间，使所述第一颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第二颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的驱动方法，其中，对于所述第二颜色的墨水 态模式，所述驱动方法包括多个驱动周期，每个所述驱动周期包括：
    向待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第二像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第二目标值和第二目标极性的第二目标电压；其中，所述第二目标极性与所述带电粒子的极性相同；
    利用所述第二目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第二开口泳动，持续驱动第二目标时间，使所述第一颜色的带电粒子和所述第二颜色的带电粒子分层，且所述第一颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第二颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第二开口；
    向所述待显示第二颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第三像素电压信号，并向所述公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有第三目标值和第一目标极性的第三目标电压；其中，所述第三目标值小于所述第二目标值；
    利用所述第三目标电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示第二颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第一开口泳动，持续驱动第三目标时间，使所述第二颜色的带电粒子相对于所述第一颜色的带电粒子更靠近其所在微杯的第一开口；其中，所述第三目标时间大于所述第二目标时间。
  19. 根据权利要求15～18中任一项所述的驱动方法，其中，所述显示基板还包括反射层，所述反射层设置于所述显示基板的微杯结构层靠近公共电极层的一侧，被配置为能够反射设定颜色的光；所述显示基板还具有设定颜色的透明态模式；
    对于所述设定颜色的透明态模式，所述驱动方法包括：
    向所述显示基板中待显示设定颜色的像素对应的像素电极传输第四像素电压信号，并向所述显示基板的公共电极层传输公共电压信号，使相应的像素电极与所述公共电极层之间产生具有设定值和设定极性的设定电压；其中，所述设定极性与所述带电粒子的极性相同；
    利用所述设定电压形成的电场驱动处于所述待显示设定颜色的像素区域内的带电粒子向其所在微杯的第二开口泳动，持续驱动设定时间，使所述带电粒子聚集于其所在微杯的第二开口及其周围区域；
    其中，所述设定值、所述设定极性和所述设定时间为，根据所述显示基板中不同种颜色的带电粒子之间迁移率的差异，所确定的进入设定颜色的透明态模式需要的电压的绝对值、极性和持续时间。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的驱动方法，其中，对于所述设定颜色的透明态模式，所述驱动方法还包括：
    减小所述设定电压的设定值，和/或，减小所述设定电压形成的电场进行驱动的设定时间，以减小所述带电粒子在其所在微杯的第一开口及其周围区域的聚集密度，使所述显示基板所显示的设定颜色的亮度变暗；
    增大所述设定电压的设定值，和/或，增大所述设定电压形成的电场进行驱动的设定时间，以增大所述带电粒子在其所在微杯的第一开口及其周围区域的聚集密度，使所述显示基板所显示的设定颜色的亮度变亮。
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